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  • Articles  (11)
  • Tropical meteorology  (11)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • Geosciences  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave to wave and wave to zonal mean flow kinetic energy exchanges during contrasting monsoon years (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 463-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Wave-wave interactions ; Monsoon variations ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fourier analysis of the monthly mean northern hemispheric geopotential heights for the levels 700 mb and 300 mb are undertaken for the months of April through to August. The wave to wave and wave to zonal mean flow kinetic energy interactions are computed for specified latitude bands of the northern hemisphere during the pre-monsoon period (April to May) and monsoon period (June through to August) for bad monsoon years (1972, 1974, 1979) and for years of good monsoon rainfall over India (1967, 1973, 1977). Planetary scale waves (waves 1 to 4) are the major kinetic energy source in the upper atmosphere during the monsoon months. Waves 1 and 2 in particular are a greater source of kinetic energy to other waves via both wave to wave interactions as well as wave to zonal mean flow interactions in good monsoon years than in bad monsoon years. The zonal mean flow shows significantly larger gains in the kinetic energy with a strengthening of zonal westerlies in good monsoon years than in bad monsoon years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879830
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greatest observed one-day point and areal rainfall of India (1981)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1981), S. 922-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Extreme precipitation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The greatest one-day rain amounts recorded at individual stations in the country during the last 41-year period from 1940 onwards were examined for all observatories as well as State rain-gauge stations in an attempt to bring out up-to-date information on the greatest recorded point rainfall for the duration of one day. Outstanding one-day point rainfall amounts recorded prior to 1940 were also examined and have been included in this note along with their date and year of occurrence by way of comparison. A generalized chart has been prepared based on the percentage ratios of the greatest one-day rainfall to the mean annual rainfall of about 300 observatory stations distributed uniformly over the entire country. On the basis of Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) analyses of the most severe rainstorms which occurred over different plain areas of the country, it has been found that the 2 July, 1941, rainstorm gave the highest areal rain depths in the country for different areas. Comparison with similar areal rain depths of the tropical USA has shown that rain depths of the July, 1941, rainstorm were higher for all areas excepting the areas of 500 sq. miles (1295 sq. km) and 1000 sq. miles (2590 sq. km).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-latitude total ozone measurements in the Brazilian sector (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 615-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Quasi biennial oscillations ; Total ozone ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Regular measurements of the atmospheric ozone in the Brazilian sector were started at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45.0°W), and Natal (5.8°S, 35.2°W) in May 1974 and November 1978, respectively. The results of the total ozone measurements carried out at these two stations up to 1981 are presented in this communication and compared with other low-and mid-latitude stations. Although Natal is an equatorial station, it presents a prominent annual variation, and the average total ozone content is high compared to satellite measurements. During 1977–78, abnormally low values of total ozone were observed at Cachoeira Paulista. Some preliminary results about the QBO 9quasi-biennial oscillation) during 1974–81 are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876647
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the propagation of streamers through a large population of neutral droplets (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 673-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric electricity ; Neutral droplets ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Streamers were injected into a large population of small droplets, of radii about 20 μm, confined to a given region of pre-determined shape on a photographic film, and situated in a gap between which a variable electric field can be applied. Results showed that the droplet region behaves like a dipole discharging from both ends if its inclination to the electric field is less than 45° and the field is not less than −230 kV/m at atmospheric pressure. We deduced that streamer intensification will occur at relatively low fields if there exists pockets of large number density of small droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876652
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Was the July 1981 rainstorm over Rajasthan unprecedented? (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 483-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Flood ; Precipitation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rainstorm of 17 to 21 July 1981 which caused exceptionally heavy rains and floods in arid Rajasthan, was analysed. It was observed that 7 stations in the rainstorm area broke their previous 80-year record of one-day rainfall, and two of these stations equalled their respective estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP). A comparison of areal raindepths of this rainstorm with the similar raindepths of past severe-most rainstorms of this region showed that this rainstorm gave unprecedented raindepths up to about 38 850 sq. km (i.e. 15 000 sq. miles) for a 3-day duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of point cloudiness and sunshine derived cloud cover in India (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Cloudiness ; Sunshine ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between point cloudiness and sunshine derived cloud cover in India is investigated using data collected from 33 stations. It has been found that point cloudiness, in general, overestimates sunshine derived cloud cover. The latitudinal dependence of the overestimation is discussed. The significance of the precise quantification of cloudiness in radiation budget studies is briefly mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879832
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some measurements of the extinction coefficients of solar radiation in Lagos (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Aerosol extinction ; Solar radiation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solar radiance measurements covering over seventeen months are analysed for a location beside the Lagos Lagoon. The aerosol extinction coefficient was generally higher in the dusty months than in the wet months. ‘Clean air’ estimates of the coefficient are made. Data on its wavelength dependence are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593029
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbidity measurements at coastal and inland sites in India (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1980), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Radiation ; Tropical meteorology ; Turbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of turbidity measurements using a Volz sunphotometer, at three sites in India, two of them coastal and one inland, is reported. The sites are rural, far from industrial activity. After making an error analysis of the measurement technique the seasonal variations in turbidity parameters are interpreted in relation to the concurrent changes in relevant meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity. At coastal sites, the turbidity and the atmospheric salt concentration are found to be well correlated though the correlation coefficient varies between sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878718
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water vapour transport of the pre-monsoon period and the general performance of the Indian summer monsoon (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monsoon ; Transport ; Tropical meteorology ; Water vapour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The advective monthly mean transfer of water vapour in the layer below 700 mbar is investigated for India for the years 1962 to 1972 and for the months January to September. The average zonal and meridional components of the transfer of water vapour for India are obtained. They are further averaged for different combinations of the pre-monsoon months from January to May and are correlated with the summer monsoon rainfall. The correlation coefficients for zonal transfer of water vapour are either negative or small positive for different combinations of the months mentioned above. The correlation coefficients for the meridional transfer of water vapour are positive. The maximum value is 0.74 for the March to May combination and is statistically significant at the 1% level. An extensive investigation is, therefore, made for the March to May averages of water vapour transfer for four broad regions of India. The parameters of water vapour transfer for these regions are compared with the threshold values and the prediction category, normal or drought, for the subsequent summer monsoon season is determined for all years. The correlation coefficient between the index of drought, as determined from parameters of water vapour transport and rainfall departure, is statistically significant at the 2% level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879427
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a stochastic model to the frequency and duration of monsoon rainfall (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 79-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monsoon ; Rainfall ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with an application of a stochastic model to the frequency and duration of precipitation events. With the aid of the model, the magnitudes ofmth highest rainfall amount in 24 hours' duration with 97.5% probability are obtained for various climatic regimes over a tropical monsoon region. There is good agreement between them-day minimum rainfall estimated through the model and the observed value. The model satisfactorily explains the frequency of the extreme rainfall event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879428
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of twenty years of atmospheric electricity research at Ibadan (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 123-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tropical meteorology ; Atmospheric electricity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of atmospheric electric measurements over a twenty year period (1961–1980) are reviewed for Ibadan situated in the tropical rain forest of Nigeria. The aim is to present the data in an easily accessible form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879432
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