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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greatest observed one-day point and areal rainfall of India (1981)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 119 (1981), S. 922-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Extreme precipitation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The greatest one-day rain amounts recorded at individual stations in the country during the last 41-year period from 1940 onwards were examined for all observatories as well as State rain-gauge stations in an attempt to bring out up-to-date information on the greatest recorded point rainfall for the duration of one day. Outstanding one-day point rainfall amounts recorded prior to 1940 were also examined and have been included in this note along with their date and year of occurrence by way of comparison. A generalized chart has been prepared based on the percentage ratios of the greatest one-day rainfall to the mean annual rainfall of about 300 observatory stations distributed uniformly over the entire country. On the basis of Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) analyses of the most severe rainstorms which occurred over different plain areas of the country, it has been found that the 2 July, 1941, rainstorm gave the highest areal rain depths in the country for different areas. Comparison with similar areal rain depths of the tropical USA has shown that rain depths of the July, 1941, rainstorm were higher for all areas excepting the areas of 500 sq. miles (1295 sq. km) and 1000 sq. miles (2590 sq. km).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878960
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Was the July 1981 rainstorm over Rajasthan unprecedented? (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 483-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Flood ; Precipitation ; Tropical meteorology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rainstorm of 17 to 21 July 1981 which caused exceptionally heavy rains and floods in arid Rajasthan, was analysed. It was observed that 7 stations in the rainstorm area broke their previous 80-year record of one-day rainfall, and two of these stations equalled their respective estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP). A comparison of areal raindepths of this rainstorm with the similar raindepths of past severe-most rainstorms of this region showed that this rainstorm gave unprecedented raindepths up to about 38 850 sq. km (i.e. 15 000 sq. miles) for a 3-day duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879831
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum one-day point rainfall estimation for North Indian plains using district average rainfall ratios (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 743-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Climatology ; Hydrology ; Rainfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A quick and simple procedure has been developed for evaluating maximum point rainfall for different return periods for any location in the plains of north India. According to this procedure, 2-year one-day rainfall of a location is estimated from the 2-year generalized chart of the region. Average district rainfall ratios for higher return periods of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years to 2-year return period are obtained with the help of (i) district average ratio map of 100/2 and (ii) frequency interpolation nomogram. The magnitudes of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year rainfall are then obtained by multiplying the 2-year value by the corresponding district average ratios pertaining to different return periods. The estimates of point rainfall obtained by this procedure are quite comparable with those obtained directly by the Gumbel method. By using the procedure given in this study, a design engineer or a hydrologist can estimate point rainfall of different return periods for any station in north Indian plains without undertaking elaborate statistical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593026
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of tropical disturbances and rainfall distribution during the summer monsoon months over India (1982)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 31 (1982), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Niederschlagsverteilung in Indien nördlich von 15°N mit Ausschluß der Gebirgsgebiete des Himalaya und des Nordostens von Indien in den Monsunmonaten Juni bis September untersucht, in denen in der 80jährigen Periode von 1891–1970 keine tropischen Störungen (Monsun-Depressionen, Zyklonen) auftraten. Die Untersuchung hat ergeben, daß in den einzelnen Monaten das Fehlen dieser Störungen in Verbindung mit anderen meteorologischen Situationen wie verspäteter Einsatz des Monsuns im Juni oder sein verfrühtes Ende im September, eine Verlagerung der Achse des jahreszeitlichen Monsuntroges von ihrer normalen Lage gegen Norden und das Ausbleiben von Tiefdruck systemen und ihrer Verlagerung entlang der Trogachse nach Westen, eine beträchtliche Abnahme der Regenfälle über Indien verursachen kann. Von den vier Monsunmonaten scheint der September durch das Fehlen der Störungen am stärksten betroffen zu sein.
    Notes: Summary The distribution of rainfall over the Indian land area north of lat. 15°N, excluding hilly sub-divisions of the Himalayas and northeast India, has been studied for those monsoon months of June to September which did not experience tropical disturbances (i.e. monsoon depressions/cyclonic storms) during the 80-year period from 1891. This study has shown that in individual monsoon months, absence of these disturbances coupled with certain other meteorological situations, such as (a) delayed onset of monsoon in June or its early withdrawal in September, (b) northward shift of the axis of the seasonal monsoon trough from its normal position and or (c) non-occurrence of low pressure systems and their westward movement along the trough axis, can cause substantial decrease of rainfall over the Indian area. Of the 4 monsoon months, the month of September appears to be the worst affected by the absence of these disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257746
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rainstorms which contributed greatest areal rain depths in India (1980)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1980), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Analyse einer großen Zahl von Groß-Regenfällen in Verbindung mit tropischen Depressionen, Zyklonen und schweren Unwettern hat ergeben, daß Groß-Regenfälle im September 1880 und im Juli 1927 über die Niederung des Landes die größten Flächenniederschlagshöhen in Indien brachten. Diese Rekord-Niederschlagshöhen wurden für verschiedene Flächengrößen und Andauern bestimmt und mit ähnlichen Rekord-Flächenniederschlagshöhen über dem tropischen Gebiet der USA verglichen. Diese Untersuchung hat gezeigt, daß für Andauern von zwei und drei Tagen die Rekord-Flächenniederschlagshöhen in Indien größer waren als in den USA. Für die Andauer von einem Tag waren bis zu einer Fläche von 5180 km2 (2000 Quadratmeilen) diese Flächenniederschlagshöhen in den USA größer, für größere Flächen waren sie aber in Indien entweder größer oder nahezu gleich wie in den USA.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of analysis of a large number of rainstorms associated with tropical disturbances such as depressions, cyclonic storms and severe storms, it has been found that September, 1880 and July, 1927 rainstorms over the plain areas of the country gave the highest areal rain depths in India. These rain depths have been worked out for different areas and durations and have been compared with the similar areal rain depths over the tropical region of USA. This study has shown that for durations of 2 and 3 days, Indian areal rain depths have been higher in magnitude when compared to USA rain depths. For one-day duration, upto 5180 sq.km (2000 sq.miles) area, USA areal rain depths are greater, while for larger areas Indian rain depths are either higher or almost equal with that of USA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247737
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Envelope Depth-Area-Duration raindepths for different homogeneous rainstorm zones of the Indian region (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 47 (1993), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary About one hundred severe rainstorms occurred in the Indian region during the period between 1880 and 1990. The centres of these severe rainstorms occur mostly in four preferred zones. The two major zones where the bulk of rainstorm centres are located are in north and central India. These two zones have been further sub-divided into four homogeneous subzones for the purpose of rainstorm transposition. For each of these homogeneous sub-zones and zones envelope Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) raindepths have been calculated. These are based on the DAD data of severe rainstorms that have occurred within each zone in order to obtain probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866186
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On some characteristics of severe rainstorms of India (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 50 (1995), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Detailed examination of daily rainfall data for India (and other relevant publications regarding severe rainstorms) show that during the last 110 years, the Indian region recorded 231 severe rainstorms. Of these, 27 were of 2-day duration and the rest (204) were of 3-day duration. Within a rainstorm, maximum rain fell on the 2nd day on 63% of occasions. It was also observed that the average raindepths obtained from slow moving rainstorms were greater in magnitude than those of fast moving rainstorms. All these rainstorms, during their movement through the country, had their rain centres at about 308 locations. This study has shown that only 19 locations recorded severe rainstorm centres on five or more occasions. Maximum number of rain centres recorded for one location was 13.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866117
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  • 8
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    Efficiency of severe recorded rainstorms over maharashtra state (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0256-1530
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9533
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Rainstorms which contributed greatest areal rain depths in India (1980)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Absence of tropical disturbances and rainfall distribution during the summer monsoon months over India (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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