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  • Biochemistry
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  • 2015-2019  (577)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Computer graphics ; Dynamics ; Ergodic theory ; Functions of complex variables ; Differential geometry ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Differential Geometry ; Functions of a Complex Variable ; Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory ; Computer Graphics ; Numerical and Computational Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Discrete conformal maps: Boundary value problems, circle domains, Fuchsian and Schottky uniformization: Alexander I. Bobenko, Stefan Sechelmann, Boris Springborn --- Discrete complex analysis on planar quad-graphs: Alexander I. Bobenko and Felix Günther --- Approximation of conformal mappings using conformally equivalent triangular lattices: Ulrike Bücking --- Numerical Methods for the Discrete Map Za: Folkmar Bornemann, Alexander Its, Sheehan Olver, and Georg Wechslberger --- A variational principle for cyclic polygons with prescribed edge lengths: Hana Kourimská, Lara Skuppin, Boris Springborn --- Complex Line Bundles over Simplicial Complexes and their Applications: Felix Knöppel and Ulrich Pinkall --- Holomorphic vector fields and quadratic differentials on planar triangular meshes: Wai Yeung Lam, Ulrich Pinkall --- Vertex normals and face curvatures of triangle meshes: Xiang Sun, Caigui Jiang, Johannes Wallner, and Helmut Pottmann --- S-conical cmc surfaces. Towards a unified theory of discrete surfaces with constant mean curvature: Alexander I. Bobenko and Tim Hoffmann --- Constructing solutions to the Björling problem for isothermic surfaces by structure preserving discretization: Ulrike Bücking and Daniel Matthes --- On the Lagrangian Structure of Integrable Hierarchies: Yuri B. Suris, Mats Vermeeren --- On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation: Raphael Boll, Matteo Petrera, and Yuri B. Suris --- Six topics on inscribable polytopes: Arnau Padrol and Günter M. Ziegler --- DGD Gallery: Storage, sharing, and publication of digital research data: Michael Joswig, Milan Mehner, Stefan Sechelmann, Jan Techter, and Alexander I. Bobenko
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 439 pages) , 114 illustrations, 67 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783662504475
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Physics ; History ; Nuclear physics ; Heavy ions ; Hadrons ; Particle acceleration ; Physics ; Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics ; History of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research.-- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature --- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma --- Acronyms
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 441 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319175454
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: Physics ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Cellular Automaton Interpretation as a general doctrine: Motivation for this work --- Deterministic models in quantum notation --- Interpreting quantum mechanics --- Deterministic quantum mechanics --- Concise description of the CA Interpretation --- Quantum gravity --- Information loss --- More problems --- Alleys to be further investigated and open questions --- Conclusions --- II Calculation Techniques: Introduction to part II --- More on cogwheels --- The continuum limit of cogwheels, harmonic rotators and oscillators --- Locality --- Fermions --- PQ theory --- Models in two space-time dimensions without interactions --- Symmetries --- The discretised Hamiltonian formalism in PQ theory --- Quantum Field Theory --- The cellular automaton --- The problem of quantum locality --- Conclusions of part II --- Some remarks on gravity in 2+1 dimensions --- A summary of our views on Conformal Gravity --- Abbreviations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 298 pages) , 21 illustrations, 19 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319412856
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: Toxicology ; Medicine ; Human physiology ; Immunology ; Cytology ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Molecular Medicine ; Human Physiology ; Immunology ; Cell Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Part 1. Physiology of HDL --- Part 2. Pathology of HDL --- Part 3. Possible Indications and Target Mechanisms of HDL Therapy --- Part 4. Treatments for Dyslipidemias and Dysfunction of HDL
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 694 pages) , 40 illustrations, 37 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319096650
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Keywords: Medicine ; Immunology ; Molecular biology ; Cell biology ; Biomedicine ; Molecular Medicine ; Immunology ; Cell Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Basic Research for Innovative Medicine --- 1. Diverting Glycolysis to Combat Oxidative Stress --- 2. Metabolic Regulation by Nuclear Receptors --- 3. Fighting Fire with Fire in Cancer --- 4. Linear Polyubiquitination: a Crucial Regulator of NF-kB Activation --- 5. VCP, a major ATPase in the cells, as a novel drug target for currently incurable disorders --- 6. Roles of E-cadherin in hepatocarcinogenesis --- 7. The Hippo Signaling Pathway: A Candidate New Drug Target for Malignant Tumors --- 8. Inhibitory immunoreceptors on mast cells in allergy and inflammation --- 9. Doxycycline-inducible Autoimmune Blistering Skin Disease Model --- 10. T-cell Senescence and Autoimmunity --- Part II Translational Research for Innovative Medicine --- 11. IL-6: A new era for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases --- 12. Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Its Potential Therapeutic Strategies --- 13. Multifaceted translational approach of major mental illness --- 14. Translational research of leptin in lipodystrophy and its related diseases --- 15. Translational research of the activation of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-guanylyl cyclase-B pathway for skeletal dysplasia --- 16. Clarity and Challenges in Tissue Fibrosis --- 17. TRP Channels: Their Function and Potentiality as Drug Targets --- 18. Autophagic Cell Death and Cancer Chemotherapeutics --- 19. Adrenomedullin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Refractory Ulcerative Colitis --- 20. RNA activation --- Part III New Technology for Innovative Medicine --- 21. Cardiac Reprogramming for Heart Repair --- 22. Development of a new in vivo optical probe for biological diagnosis and therapy --- 23. Introduction of mesenchymal stem cells for liver surgery (hepatectomy and transplantation) --- 24. Synaptic and axonal plasticity induction in the human cerebral cortex --- 25. TIM-3 is a novel therapeutic target for eradicating acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells --- 26. TGF-beta LAP degradation products, a novel biomarker and promising therapeutic target for liver fibrogenesis --- 27. Cell-based regenerative therapy for liver disease
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 339 pages)
    ISBN: 9784431556510
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: Physics ; History ; Nuclear physics ; Heavy ions ; Hadrons ; Particle acceleration ; Physics ; Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics ; History of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research.-- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature --- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma --- Acronyms
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 441 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319175454
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: Physics ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Cellular Automaton Interpretation as a general doctrine: Motivation for this work --- Deterministic models in quantum notation --- Interpreting quantum mechanics --- Deterministic quantum mechanics --- Concise description of the CA Interpretation --- Quantum gravity --- Information loss --- More problems --- Alleys to be further investigated and open questions --- Conclusions --- II Calculation Techniques: Introduction to part II --- More on cogwheels --- The continuum limit of cogwheels, harmonic rotators and oscillators --- Locality --- Fermions --- PQ theory --- Models in two space-time dimensions without interactions --- Symmetries --- The discretised Hamiltonian formalism in PQ theory --- Quantum Field Theory --- The cellular automaton --- The problem of quantum locality --- Conclusions of part II --- Some remarks on gravity in 2+1 dimensions --- A summary of our views on Conformal Gravity --- Abbreviations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 298 pages) , 21 illustrations, 19 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319412856
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: Physics ; Matrix theory ; Algebra ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Linear and Multilinear Algebras, Matrix Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Part I Co(X) and B(H): Classical physics on a finite phase space --- Quantum mechanics on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space --- Classical physics on a general phase space --- Quantum physics on a general Hilbert space --- Symmetry in quantum mechanics --- Part II Between Co(X) and B(H): Classical models of quantum mechanics --- Limits: Small hbar --- Limits: large N --- Symmetry in algebraic quantum theory --- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking --- The Measurement Problem --- Topos theory and quantum logic --- Appendix A: Finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces --- Appendix B: Basic functional analysis --- Appendix C: Operator algebras --- Appendix D: Lattices and logic --- Appendix E: Category theory and topos theory --- References
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 861 pages) , 9 illustrations, 8 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319517773
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Keywords: Physics ; Quantum field theory ; String theory ; Elementary particles (Physics) ; Physics ; Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory ; Quantum Field Theories, String Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Gauge Theories and the Standard Model --- QCD: The Theory of Strong Interactions --- The Theory of Electroweak Interactions --- References
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 173 pages) , 60 illustrations, 34 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319519203
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Unknown
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Computer graphics ; Dynamics ; Ergodic theory ; Functions of complex variables ; Differential geometry ; Physics ; Mathematics ; Differential Geometry ; Functions of a Complex Variable ; Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory ; Computer Graphics ; Numerical and Computational Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Discrete conformal maps: Boundary value problems, circle domains, Fuchsian and Schottky uniformization: Alexander I. Bobenko, Stefan Sechelmann, Boris Springborn --- Discrete complex analysis on planar quad-graphs: Alexander I. Bobenko and Felix Günther --- Approximation of conformal mappings using conformally equivalent triangular lattices: Ulrike Bücking --- Numerical Methods for the Discrete Map Za: Folkmar Bornemann, Alexander Its, Sheehan Olver, and Georg Wechslberger --- A variational principle for cyclic polygons with prescribed edge lengths: Hana Kourimská, Lara Skuppin, Boris Springborn --- Complex Line Bundles over Simplicial Complexes and their Applications: Felix Knöppel and Ulrich Pinkall --- Holomorphic vector fields and quadratic differentials on planar triangular meshes: Wai Yeung Lam, Ulrich Pinkall --- Vertex normals and face curvatures of triangle meshes: Xiang Sun, Caigui Jiang, Johannes Wallner, and Helmut Pottmann --- S-conical cmc surfaces. Towards a unified theory of discrete surfaces with constant mean curvature: Alexander I. Bobenko and Tim Hoffmann --- Constructing solutions to the Björling problem for isothermic surfaces by structure preserving discretization: Ulrike Bücking and Daniel Matthes --- On the Lagrangian Structure of Integrable Hierarchies: Yuri B. Suris, Mats Vermeeren --- On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation: Raphael Boll, Matteo Petrera, and Yuri B. Suris --- Six topics on inscribable polytopes: Arnau Padrol and Günter M. Ziegler --- DGD Gallery: Storage, sharing, and publication of digital research data: Michael Joswig, Milan Mehner, Stefan Sechelmann, Jan Techter, and Alexander I. Bobenko
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 439 pages) , 114 illustrations, 67 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783662504475
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Keywords: Physics ; Quantum optics ; Physics ; Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices ; Quantum Optics ; Popular Science in Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: History --- A brief history of light --- Ibn Al-Haitham – Father of modern optics --- Optical Sources --- Femtosecond light --- Laser --- LED light --- Electron optics --- Applications --- Biophotonics --- Optical communication --- Optical astronomy --- Solar cells --- Optics in Remote Sensing --- Optics in nanotechnology --- Optics in art --- Eye --- Optics in medicine --- Optical illusions --- Quantum Optics --- Optical tests of foundations of physics --- Nonlinear Optics: Historical Perspectives and New Opportunities --- Quantum communication --- Nature of photon --- Atom optics --- Coherent effects: From EIT to slow light
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 504 pages) , 355 illustrations, 277 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319319032
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Keywords: Physics ; Nuclear energy ; International relations ; Physics ; Applied and Technical Physics ; Societal Aspects of Physics, Outreach and Education ; Nuclear Energy ; International Relations
    Description / Table of Contents: This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. The book opens by addressing important political, institutional, and legal dimensions. Current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements. Subsequent sections consider scientific developments that have the potential to increase the effectiveness of implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities. The closing sections examine scientific and technical challenges and discuss the role of international cooperation and actions of the scientific community in leading the world toward peace and security. The book – which celebrates 60 years of IAEA Atoms for Peace and Development and the EURATOM Treaty – comprises contributions presented at the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference, where eminent scientists, diplomats, and policymakers were able to compare national perspectives and update international collaborations
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 220 pages) , 16 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783662573662
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Keywords: Physics ; Epistemology ; Philosophy and science ; Probabilities ; Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics ; Epistemology ; Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes ; Philosophy of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Embedded observers, reflexive perception and representation: Intrinsic and extrinsic observation mode --- Embedded observers and self-expression --- Reflexive measurement --- Intrinsic self-representation --- Part II Provable unknowns: On what is entirely hopeless --- Forecasting and unpredictability --- Induction by rule inference --- Other types of recursion theoretic unknowables --- What if there are no laws? Emergence of laws --- Part III Quantum unknowns: "Shut up and calculate" --- Evolution by permutation --- Quantum mechanics in a nutshell --- Quantum oracles --- Vacuum fluctuations --- Radioactive decay --- Part IV Exotic unknowns: Classical continua and infinities --- Classical (in)determinism --- Deterministic chaos --- Partition logics, finite automata and generalized urn models --- Part V Transcendence: Miracles --- Dualistic interfaces --- Part VI Executive summary: Executive summary --- Appendix A: Formal (in)computability and randomness --- B: Two particle correlations and expectations
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 219 pages) , 32 illustrations, 24 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319708157
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The oxidation of fat in fish diets due to oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. The effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on the growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeons (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. Three different diets were implemented to three different groups: a control group, Group OFO50 (50% oil fish oxidized) and Group OFO100 (100% oil fish oxidized). 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, , were randomly divided into 9 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 700 liters after a 2 week adaptation period. Feeding was performed three times a day (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the specimens’ appetite during the period of the study. After 6 weeks, sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. In both oxidized oil-fed groups, adverse impact on growth was seen. Also, a significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the OFO100 groups. The results showed that feeding hybrid sturgeons with diets containing oxidized fish oil, cause a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, it was undesirable and relevant to an increase in visceral fat.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oxidized lipid ; Hybrid sturgeon ; Growth ; Fat metabolism ; Blood ; Biochemistry ; Fish oil ; Diet ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.78-88
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Fish reared under intensive culture conditions very often face stressful adverse conditions which either do not exist in nature, for example living in extremely high stocking densities, or they are quite unlikely, for example increased water ammonia levels (Huntingford et al. 2006). Nitrate (NO3−) which is the ionized form of nitric acid (Cheng and Chen, 2002) and salts, like sodium nitrate, are readily soluble in water and completely dissociated. It is produced by a two-step process called ‘nitrification’ (Hargreaves and Tucker, 2004). During this process, ammonia, which is either excreted from fish or produced by the decomposition of the organic matter in the water, is first oxidized to nitrite (NO2–) and subsequently to nitrate (NO3–). The nitrification rate can be affected by many factors such as water temperature and available diluted oxygen (Hargreaves and Tucker, 2004).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Dicentrarchus labrax ; Oncorhynchus tschawytscha ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Nitrate ; Haematology ; Immunology ; Sea Bass ; Levels
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.430-439
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was applied to species identification of bester hybrids. Hybrids identification was performed by comparison of electrophoresis profiles with parental species. The simultaneous occurrence of diagnostic bands fixed in the parental species, genetic distance and identification and cluster analyses (UPGMA) allow a correct identification. We used 8 primer combinations (Eco+3, Mse+4) and a total of 250 bands (size range 40-1000 bp) were generated. Primer combinations of (E-AAT, M-CGAT) and (E-AAG, M-CGAT) produced diagnostic bands in hybrids and parental species. Moreover, the results of genetic identification showed that Bester hybrids are more similar to beluga (Huso huso) (0.68) in comparison with sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) (0.45).The results suggested that this technique could be suitable for precise identification of species and inter-generic hybrids like bester.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Acipenser ruthenus ; AFLP ; Hybrid identification ; Bester ; Beluga ; Biochemistry ; Identification
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.415-423
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of natural products like propolis on biochemical and hematologic parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) exposed to arsenic. In this study fish were exposed to 0.01 mg/L arsenic and 10 mg/L propolis for seven days. Our results indicated that triglyceride, urea, total cholesterol, cobalt, ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values increased when exposed to arsenic (P〈0.05) but reduced by combination of arsenic and propolis (P〈0.05). Granulocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit values were decreased by use of arsenic in comparison to control group. These parameters increased in arsenic+propolis group (P〈0.05). In addition levels of leucocyte, agranulocyte, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) increased in the arsenic group (P〈0.05) and decreased in arsenic+propolis group (P〈0.05). We can say that propolis can improve biochemical and hematologic functions of common carp blood, after being exposed to arsenic.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Alanine amino transferase ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Antioxidant ; Arsenic ; Blood parameter ; Cyprinus carpio ; Hematological parameter ; Propolis ; Blood ; Enzymes ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.405-414
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish were fed an experimental diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 g/kg of C. zedoaria and Z. zerumbet mixed diets twice daily for two weeks. Non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, reactive oxygen species, phagocytic activities, superoxidase dismutase activity and lysozyme activity were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days, respectively. Results indicated that in fish fed with C. zedoaria at 0.5 g/kg diet and Z. zerumbet at 1 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg diets the non-specific immune response was affected, especially in cellular defense which had significant effects in the short term. Thus, this study indicated that C. zedoaria and Z. zerumbet supplemented in the diets of orange-spotted grouper acted as immunostimulants and appeared to enhance the non-specific immune responses in this species.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish disease ; Curcuma zedoaria ; Zingiber zerumbet ; Epinephelus coioides ; Herbs ; Immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Plant extract ; White blood cell ; Immune
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.598-611
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Hematological and biochemical changes were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50g in the presence of b,1-3, D-glucan as a single intraperitoneal injection (0.3mg/kg body weight) once, and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentration of 1.5 mg/L as a continuous bath for 63 days at 22±1ºC. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon, generally showed significant higher values of RBC (P〈0.05) compare to fish treated with glucan plus diazinon bath, while there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of HCT, Hb, MCH and MCHC between the two groups. Also, fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon bath, showed significant higher values of RBC than that untreated fish up to 3 weeks post-treatment (P〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in other erythrocytic indices between these two groups (P〉0.05). Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than other three groups for 14-28 days post-treatment and then they decreased to the lower level for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed insignificant higher levels of these enzymes up to 21 days post-exposure compare to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〉0.05). However, such levels reduced to a lower level in this group for the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Diazinon ; Glucan ; Hematology ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.53-66
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cryopreservation of seabass (Lates calcarifer) semen is an approach to increase the quantity and quality of seabass fry in aquaculture. However, cold shock can induce sperm injury leading to structural damage of the plasma membrane and loss of motility. Thus, the effect of cryopreservation on fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of seabass sperm was determined. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the proportion of C16:0 was significantly increased (p=0.05), while the proportion of C23:0, C22:6 n3, C22:5 n6, and C18:1n9t decreased significantly after freeze-thawing compared with that in fresh semen (p≤0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids significantly increased (p〈0.05) but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (p=0.05) in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Consequently, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid was greatly decreased in frozen sperm (p〈0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in frozen-thawed sperm increased significantly while activity of catalase did not differ at p〉0.05. Malondialdehyde levels increased after cryopreservation compared to fresh semen (p=0.05). These results indicated that an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in cryopreserved spermatozoa did not efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids and finally irreversible loss of sperm motility.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Lates calcarifer ; Sperm ; Cryopreservation ; Fatty acid composition ; Antioxidant enzymes ; Enzymes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.157-169
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of dietary supplementation of red macroalgae Gracilaria pygmea on the growth performance, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer with initial fish weight of 28±5.9 g were investigated in a 6-week experiment. The experimental diets were composed of the positive control diet (containing fishmeal), the negative control diet (containing fishmeal-soy protein) and three diets which supplemented with varying leves of red algae (3, 6 and 9%). Results indicated that daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio and final weight of fish not only were not negatively affected by different substitution levels of red algae, but also the final weight of fish fed the diet containing 6% red algae was higher than the other experimental diets. Condition factor of the negative control group and the specific growth rate of the treatment containing 6% red algae were significantly higher than those of the other experimental diets (P〈0.05). Results of hemoglobin, hematocrit, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and WBC differential count were not significantly different among various treatments (P〉0.05). Among the examined serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass, only glucose was not significantly affected by various dietary treatments (P〉0.05). The cholesterol levels of the negative control group and fish fed the diet containing 9% red algae were similar with each other and were significantly higher than the other treatments (P〈0.05). The lowest level of albumin was observed in the treatment containing 6% red algae, whearese the lowest amounts of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were observed in the treatment containing 3% red algae. Overall, it seems that partial substitution of expensive fishmeal by red algae Gracilaria pygmaea in the diet of carnivorous Asian Seabass exerted no negative effects on the growth and immunity parameters. Moreover, some growth parameters, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of blood were improved by the diet containing 6% red algae.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria pygmaea ; Lates calcarifer ; Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer ; Gracilaria algae ; Diet ; Specific growth rate ; Innate immunity ; Substitution ; Growth performance ; Algae ; Biochemistry ; Serum ; Hematology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.77-89
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effectiveness of pituitary extract from Cruc ian carp (Carassius auratus Linnaes 1758) in inducing ovulation in Veil T ail Gold Fish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch 1783), was examined and th e effect of maternal hormone treatment on egg quality in two types of fertilizat ion (fertilization in aquarium and artificial fertilization), were evaluated in 22 degree C temperature. Fish were injected intrapritoneally with three doses of, 2, 3 and 4mg/kg B.W pituitary extract (PE). With increasing of pituitary dose, pract ical fecundity also increased from 1775 in control fish to 3201 in fish with 4mg /kg B.W of PE. Mean time to ovulation was reduced significantly (P〈0.05) from 13 2h in control fish to 13h in fish with 4mg/kg B.W. Ovulated eggs from fish injec ted with 4mg/kg B.W of PE had lower fertility and hatching rates compared to egg s from fish injected with lower doses and the control fish. The methods of ferti lization had no significant effect on the egg quality. In conclusion, the result s of this study showed that the pituitary extract of Crucian carp is effective i n inducing and shortening of ovulation of Veil Tail Gold Fish and the suggested dose for this species is 3mg/kg B.W.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Carassius auratus ; Goldfish ; Ovulation ; Pituitary gland ; Biological fertilization ; Hatching ; Hormones ; Eggs ; Freshwater ; Physiology ; Biochemistry ; Biophysics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.167-172
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  • 27
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: If a piece of life tissue of a person is grafted to another person, after a short period the transplanted tissue will be disintegrated and disappear. Also in most infectious diseases , the victim will be resistant against the malady after recovery. Such body responses are are called Immunological reactions and the study of these reactions, mechanisms involved and related consequences is known as Irnmunology. Of the most important applications of Immunology are disease prophilaxy (through vaccination), diagnosis and treatment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Tissues ; Fish ; Immunological ; Immunology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.16-24
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to find the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2) on biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). One hundred and eighty 5-month stellate sturgeon with an average weight of 11.7 ± 0.2 g were divided into 3 treatments with 3 replicates each with 20 fish per tank. The treatments were included 0, 25 and 50 mg E2/kg diet. At the termination of 7 months feeding trial with different levels of E2, blood biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition were measured. The results of biochemical parameters including plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium and phosphorus showed dose-dependent manner. The lowest and highest levels of all biochemical parameters were observed in fish fed control and 50 mg E2/kg diet, respectively (p〈0.05). Plasma sex steroids concentrations showed the lowest level of E2 in fish fed control diet, while the highest levels of testosterone and progesterone were observed in this treatment (p〈0.05). Proximate carcass analysis showed no significant difference in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents among the treatments (p〉0.05). Final weight, total length, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were also affected by different levels of E2 (p〈0.05). The results of present study demonstrated that using E2 in the diet of juvenile stellate sturgeon can influence most of biochemical indices and sex steroids which seems that those were related to the changes of sex ratio and some physiological parameters.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stellate sturgeon ; Sex steroids ; Stellate sturgeon ; Acipenser stellatus ; Sex ; Biochemistry ; Growth ; Juveniles ; Fed ; Composition ; Level ; Dietary ; Parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.59-74
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted for the first time and the effects of probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the first step, after the purification of the isolated bacteria, probiotic properties in vitro was assessed with injection to healthy fish and challenge with three species of pathogenic bacteria in culture media. The second phase of the bacteria isolated in 5 treatments (log 7, 8 and 9 of the lactic bacteria (LAB), Vibrio sp and Pseudomonas sp) and a control treatment on growth and survival, hematological parameters (RBC and WBC cells), immunology and physiology parameters tested during the 60 days of the above parameters after 30 and 60 days and finally at the end, the final assessment was Streptococcosis resistance in fish. The results showed that the isolated bacteria were able to enhance the growth parameters (weight, feed conversion, feed fat, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate) and survival. The results showed that log 8 LAB was significant difference with other treatments and control. When using log 8 LAB and Vibrio, the MCV, MCH and MCHC were decreased with no significant difference. The log 8 has the greatest effect on the amount of liver enzyme (AST), IgM and complement component C3, and had significant difference with other treatments. The challenge examination to Streptococcus iniae showed the highest survival in treatments with log 8 (96.66%), and Vibrio (93.33%) and then subjected to other treatments and control are also the least survival (25.38%). The conclusion of that study is the first probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from trout to changes in quality indicators are in particular the LAB bacteria and the second log 8 of LAB had significant positive of changes development and safety, and the fish are resistanted against Streptococcosis.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Immunology ; Physiology ; LAB ; Rainbow trout ; Growth ; Immune system ; Streptococcosis ; Bacterial ; Oncorhynchus mykis ; Pathogenic ; Survival ; Hematological parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mussels Mytilus edulis L. living on the littoral are traditional objects for monitoring the state of coastal ecosystems. In the process of ecological and biochemical studies of some littoral settlements of these mussels in the Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, some modifications have been identified in the structure of local populations, and biochemical markers have also been searched at the level of lipid composition reflecting the chronic action of environmental factors. Investigations of the size and age structure of some intertidal settlements of the Mytilus edulis L. have shown inter-annual dynamics reflecting the natural processes associated with the regime of replenishment by juveniles and the elimination of generations. The revealed significant differences in the density and biomass of Mytilus edulis L. settlements probably reflect the influence of anthropogenic load on their livelihoods (first of all, prolonged discharge of fresh water from the hydroelectric station system). The composition of lipids and fatty acids in the gills of littoral mussels has been determined using thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Evaluation of the lipid status of mussel gills inhabiting biotopes with different hydrodynamic regimes and anthropogenic load (the pollution level, fresh water discharge) has shown inter-annual dynamics in the content of lipids and their fatty acids. At the same time, there are significant differences in the content of membrane and storage lipids in the mussel gills exposed to fresh water on the littoral zone of Biotope 1. Prolonged ecological and biochemical monitoring studies of coastal mussel settlements reveal the characteristic features of their size and age structure, density and biomass, as well as the lipid status of the gills of mollusks formed under conditions of long-term environmental factors
    Description: Мидии Mytilus edulis L., обитающие на литорали, являются традиционным объектом мониторинга состояния прибрежных экосистем. В процессе эколого-биохимических исследований некоторых литоральных поселений мидий в Кандалакшском природном заповеднике выявлялись модификации в структуре локальных популяций, а также осуществлялся поиск биохимических маркеров на уровне состава липидов, отражающих хроническое действие факторов окружающей среды. Анализ размерно-возрастной структуры прибрежных поселений Mytilus edulis L. показал межгодовую динамику протекания естественных процессов, связанных с режимом пополнения молодью и гибелью моллюсков. Выявленные значительные различия показателей плотности и биомассы поселений Mytilus edulis L. обусловлены, вероятно, влиянием на их жизнедеятельность антропогенной нагрузки (прежде всего продолжительных сбросов пресной воды из системы гидроэлектростанции). Состав липидов и жирных кислот в жабрах литоральных мидий определен с помощью методов тонкослойной, газожидкостной и высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Оценка липидного статуса жабр мидий, обитающих на биотопах с различным гидродинамическим режимом и антропогенной нагрузкой (уровнем загрязнения, сбросом пресной воды), показала межгодовую динамику в содержании липидов и жирных кислот; при этом отмечены значительные различия в содержании мембранных и запасных липидов в жабрах мидий, подверженных действию пресной воды на литорали биотопа 1. Продолжительные эколого-биохимические мониторинговые исследования прибрежных поселений мидий позволяют выявить характерные особенности их размерно-возрастной структуры, плотности и биомассы, а также липидного статуса жабр моллюсков, сформированные в условиях длительного действия факторов окружающей среды.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Intertidal zone ; Bivalves ; Density ; Biomass ; Lipids ; Fatty acids ; Литораль ; Двустворчатые моллюски ; Плотность ; Биомасса ; Жирные кислоты ; Mytilus edulis ; Gills ; Biochemistry ; Chromatography ; Жабры ; Хроматография ; Биохимия
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.213-224
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Natural compound
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp. 185-196
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  • 32
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    Azov Sea Research Fisheries Institute (AzNIIRKH) | Rostov-on-Don, Russia
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 3D coupled physical biochemical model of the ecosystem in the semi-enclosed water body of marine coastal zone is presented. The model allows numerical estimation of matter and energy flows through the ecosystem. It takes into account hydrodynamics of the area and oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur fields formed under its influence. Biological components of the model: phytoplankton and phytobenthos. Test calculations showed the operability of the model.
    Description: Представлена трехмерная имитационная физико-биохимическая модель экосистемы в полузамкнутом водоеме прибрежной зоны моря, позволяющая численно описать потоки вещества и энергии в системе. Модель учитывает гидродинамику района и формирующиеся под ее влиянием поля кислорода, соединений азота, фосфора и серы. Биологические компоненты модели: фитопланктон и фитобентос. Выполненные тестовые расчеты показали работоспособность модели.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Mathematical modelling ; Coastal waters ; Phytoplankton ; Phytobenthos ; Hydrodynamics ; Биохимия ; Математическое моделирование ; Прибрежная зона ; Гидродинамика ; Фитопланктон ; Фитобентос
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non Refereed
    Format: pp.357-361
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Molluscs ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp. 202-212
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kulikova Nonna Iosifovna (09.06.1938 – 02.02.2018) was Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the YugNIRO Laboratory of Fish Physiology (from 1972 to 1992), leading scientist of the same laboratory, talented scholar, manager, physiologist and biochemist. N.I. Kulikova made a huge contribution into the scientific research, aimed at development of biological grounds and biotechnology of artificial reproduction for marine fish, primarily mullets and flounders, which are valuable commercial species of the Azov and Black Sea Basin. For many years, N.I. Kulikova was a coordinator and executive in charge of government programs, funded from the state budget; they involved the development of scientific bases for marine fish culture and for reproduction of mullets and flounders, as well as methods of controlling the growth, maturation and spawning of broodstocks, and theoretical background for control over life cycles of valuable marine species. She worked on creation of hatcheries and rearing farms for stocking of natural water bodies and for commercial culture. Alongside with her colleagues, she was able to solve a range of problems, concerning the development of mullet cultivation. As the result of her long-term research, the practices of hormonal stimulation of breeders, belonging to the Black Sea mullet species and to the so-iuy mullet, introduced from Far East, were developed, as well as methods for controlling early ontogenesis. She studied feeding ecology and feeding requirements of larvae and early juveniles, and worked out some stages of biological technology for reproduction of three mullet species. Nonna Iosifovna is the author of numerous scientific papers, including the monography “Mariculture of fish and its development prospects in the Black Sea Basin”, guidelines, patents, scientific substantiations for creating hatcheries for marine fishes.
    Description: Куликова Нонна Иосифовна (09.06.1938 – 02.02.2018 гг.) — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией физиологии рыб ЮгНИРО с 1972 по 1992 г., ведущий научный сотрудник этой же лаборатории, талантливый исследователь, организатор, физиолог и биохимик. Н.И. Куликова внесла огромный вклад в научные исследования по разработке биологических основ и биотехники искусственного воспроизводства морских рыб, прежде всего, кефалевых и камбаловых — ценных объектов промысла в Азово-Черноморском бассейне. В течение многих лет Н.И. Куликова являлась руководителем и ответственным исполнителем бюджетных государственных тем: по разработке научных основ культивирования морских рыб, методов управления ростом, созреванием и нерестом маточных стад рыб, по воспроизводству кефалевых и камбаловых, теоретическим основам управления жизненными циклами ценных морских видов, а также созданию систем питомников и нагульных хозяйств для зарыбления естественных водоемов и товарного выращивания этих гидробионтов. Совместно со своими коллегами ей удалось решить ряд важнейших задач по развитию кефалеводства. В результате многолетних исследований были разработаны схемы гормонального стимулирования производителей черноморских кефалей и дальневосточного вселенца — пиленгаса, методы управления ранним онтогенезом, изучены экология питания и пищевые потребности личинок и ранней молоди, отработаны отдельные этапы биотехники воспроизводства трех видов кефалей. Она является автором многочисленных научных публикаций, в т. ч. монографии «Марикультура рыб и перспективы ее развития в Черноморском бассейне», инструкций, патентов, обоснований, а также создания рыбопитомников для морских рыб.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Researchers ; Fish culture ; Mullets ; Patents ; Fish physiology ; Biochemistry ; Long-term records ; Artificial reproduction ; Hormone stimulation ; Introduced species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.106-114
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Author: Leslie K. Ferrarelli
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: After many years of delays, the €1.7 billion Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, an extension of the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany, may finally get built. At a council meeting on 27 and 28 June, the partner countries—eight European Union members plus India and Russia—concluded that they have enough money to cover a €320 million budget gap; they will now seek building permits from the German government. Still, some countries have yet to commit their share of the missing cash, including Russia, which had agreed to bear about 18% of FAIR's total construction cost, the second largest contribution after Germany's 70%. Author: Edwin Cartlidge
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Author: Guy Riddihough
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Author: John F. Foley
    Keywords: Immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a leading cause of life-threatening infections in humans. Knowledge of how this pathogen colonizes the human host and causes disease is crucial for the development of strategies to prevent and treat S. aureus infections (see the image, next page). On page 1105 of this issue, Ghssein et al. report the discovery, isolation, and functional evaluation of staphylopine (see the figure), a compound biosynthesized by S. aureus that captures metal ions from the pathogen's surroundings and thereby enables it to grow (1). Author: Elizabeth M. Nolan
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Author: Nicolas S. Wigginton
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Author: Ian S. Osborne
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Author: John F. Foley
    Keywords: Immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Density functional theory (DFT) stands out from all first-principles quantum mechanical methods for the simulation of materials, as it enables very good approximations for the complicated components of electronic motion called exchange and correlation. DFT is the method of choice for many materials simulations because of the availability of general-purpose programs that can perform calculations on any material. Results obtained with one DFT program need to be reproducible by any of the other DFT programs, and this has not been straightforward up to now. On page 10.1126/science.aad3000 of this issue, Lejaeghere et al. (1) describe an extensive effort by developers of the major solid-state DFT codes to provide a unified and reproducible benchmark of precision for their calculations based on a reliable criterion, the so-called Δ gauge. Using the Δ gauge, the authors found that the level of precision that can be achieved today in DFT calculations of elemental crystalline solids is comparable to the precision of the most advanced techniques for experimental measurement of the properties of materials. The work leads to the conclusion that the DFT simulation of elemental crystalline solids is a (computationally) solved problem, but also poses the question of whether we can achieve the same levels of validation and reproducibility for more complex simulations of materials involving several elements and/or several methods. Author: Chris-Kriton Skylaris
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: Autoimmune diseases share a grim similarity with cancer: People's own cells become their enemies. But a study published online in Science reveals a happier parallel, suggesting that a therapy designed to harness the immune system to attack cancer cells may also cull the turncoat immune cells behind certain autoimmune diseases. The approach relies on chimeric antigen receptor T cells, or CAR T cells: immune cells genetically modified to home in on a desired target on cancer cells or—in this case—on rogue B cells, another immune cell type. The new study only gauged the CAR T cells' capabilities in the lab dish and in mouse models of pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune condition in which B cells secrete antibodies that attack a protein in skin and mucous membrane. But some scientists are already calling the approach, which specifically targets the errant B cells, a breakthrough. Author: Mitch Leslie
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: The photoemission of electrons from atoms, molecules, and condensed matter provides the experimental basis of our understanding of electronic structure. During the process of photoemission, a sufficiently large quantum of electromagnetic radiation (a photon) is absorbed by matter and converted into an electronic excitation, promoting a bound electron into a final state above the vacuum energy Evac. In photoemission spectroscopy, the kinetic energy and momentum of electrons in such final states are analyzed after their propagation to a distant detector. To determine the electronic structure of the sample, the “sudden approximation” has to be fulfilled, whereby the photoelectron leaves the sample fast enough, without further interaction with the remaining electronic structure. On page 62 of this issue, Tao et al. (1) provide unprecedented insight into final-state dynamics by measuring the time a photoelectron takes to leave a solid material for characteristically different final states. By comparing an electron excited to a final state of a nickel solid Ψ Nif with one excited to a state of vacuum Ψ vacf, they establish that a photoelectron resides in the final state for 200 attoseconds (as) (2 × 10−16 s) before it leaves the nickel (see the figure). Such time scales would still allow for the electron to interact with its surroundings and, thus, are relevant for the validity of the sudden approximation. Authors: Uwe Bovensiepen, Manuel Ligges
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Effective immune responses rely on balancing lymphocyte stability and plasticity. Lymphocytes have regulatory circuits that control phenotypic and functional identity. Stable circuits maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. But plasticity is needed to integrate new environmental inputs and generate immune responses that subdue the eliciting agent without damaging tissue. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells that control effector T cell responses and prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity (1, 2). On page 1581 in this issue, Sujino et al. (3) report that intestinal Tregs convert into CD4+ intraepithelial T cells (CD4IELs) to adapt to the local intestinal environment, thus identifying the intestinal epithelium as a compartment that enforces lymphocyte plasticity. Authors: Marco Colonna, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: When a multibillion-dollar physics experiment is canceled, it's tempting to look for lessons that can be applied to future megascience projects. A new book on the rise and fall of the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) by a trio of science historians takes on that challenge. And while the authors do an excellent job of describing what occurred in the decade from its inception to its demise, they stumble when trying to assign blame. Author: Jeffrey Mervis
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Description: Innate immune cells act as a surveillance system, detecting and responding to pathogens and endogenous danger signals. The complex patterns of signals they receive are detected by a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). On page 1232 of this issue, Zanoni et al. (1) find that innate immune responses to microbial products do not occur in a vacuum; rather, there is a complex array of danger signals in surrounding damaged tissue that can determine an immune cell type–specific response to pathogens. They describe a host-derived lipid that binds to a PRR to induce a hyperactive innate immune response that enhances long-lived protective immunity against invading microbes. Authors: Brooke A. Napier, Denise M. Monack
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Description: Author: John F. Foley
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Description: Author: Guy Riddihough
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Author: Kristen L. Mueller
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase type 1 (mPGES-1) is responsible for the formation of the potent lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 under proinflammatory conditions, and this enzyme has received considerable attention as a drug target. Recently, a high-resolution crystal structure of human mPGES-1 was presented, with Ser-127 being proposed as the hydrogen-bond...
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: Obesity, and the associated disturbed glycerolipid/fatty acid (GL/FA) cycle, contribute to insulin resistance, islet β-cell failure, and type 2 diabetes. Flux through the GL/FA cycle is regulated by the availability of glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) and fatty acyl-CoA. We describe here a mammalian Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP), which was not known to exist...
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system prevents premature separation of sister chromatids in mitosis and thus ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Kinetochores that are not attached properly to the mitotic spindle produce an inhibitory signal that prevents progression into anaphase. The checkpoint system acts on the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome...
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: Viomycin is a tuberactinomycin antibiotic essential for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzed translocation of messenger RNA on the ribosome. Here we have clarified the molecular aspects of viomycin inhibition of the elongating ribosome using pre-steady-state kinetics. We found that the...
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Description: The anomalous metallic state in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is masked by superconductivity near a quantum critical point. Applying high magnetic fields to suppress superconductivity has enabled detailed studies of the normal state, yet the direct effect of strong magnetic fields on the metallic state is poorly understood. We report the high-field magnetoresistance of thin-film La 2– x Sr x CuO 4 cuprate in the vicinity of the critical doping, 0.161 ≤ p ≤ 0.190. We find that the metallic state exposed by suppressing superconductivity is characterized by magnetoresistance that is linear in magnetic fields up to 80 tesla. The magnitude of the linear-in-field resistivity mirrors the magnitude and doping evolution of the well-known linear-in-temperature resistivity that has been associated with quantum criticality in high-temperature superconductors.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are ubiquitous in strongly correlated materials. However, the microscopic complexity of these systems impedes the quantitative understanding of QPTs. We observed and thoroughly analyzed the rich strongly correlated physics in two profoundly dissimilar regimes of quantum criticality. With a circuit implementing a quantum simulator for the three-channel Kondo model, we reveal the universal scalings toward different low-temperature fixed points and along the multiple crossovers from quantum criticality. An unanticipated violation of the maximum conductance for ballistic free electrons is uncovered. The present charge pseudospin implementation of a Kondo impurity opens access to a broad variety of strongly correlated phenomena.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: Attosecond metrology of atoms has accessed the time scale of the most fundamental processes in quantum mechanics. Transferring the time-resolved photoelectric effect from atoms to molecules considerably increases experimental and theoretical challenges. Here we show that orientation- and energy-resolved measurements characterize the molecular stereo Wigner time delay. This observable provides direct information on the localization of the excited electron wave packet within the molecular potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that photoelectrons resulting from the dissociative ionization process of the CO molecule are preferentially emitted from the carbon end for dissociative 2 states and from the center and oxygen end for the 2 states of the molecular ion. Supported by comprehensive theoretical calculations, this work constitutes a complete spatially and temporally resolved reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: The ultrafast laser excitation of matters leads to nonequilibrium states with complex solid-liquid phase-transition dynamics. We used electron diffraction at mega–electron volt energies to visualize the ultrafast melting of gold on the atomic scale length. For energy densities approaching the irreversible melting regime, we first observed heterogeneous melting on time scales of 100 to 1000 picoseconds, transitioning to homogeneous melting that occurs catastrophically within 10 to 20 picoseconds at higher energy densities. We showed evidence for the heterogeneous coexistence of solid and liquid. We determined the ion and electron temperature evolution and found superheated conditions. Our results constrain the electron-ion coupling rate, determine the Debye temperature, and reveal the melting sensitivity to nucleation seeds.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Topology and disorder have a rich combined influence on quantum transport. To probe their interplay, we synthesized one-dimensional chiral symmetric wires with controllable disorder via spectroscopic Hamiltonian engineering, based on the laser-driven coupling of discrete momentum states of ultracold atoms. Measuring the bulk evolution of a topological indicator after a sudden quench, we observed the topological Anderson insulator phase, in which added disorder drives the band structure of a wire from topologically trivial to nontrivial. In addition, we observed the robustness of topologically nontrivial wires to weak disorder and measured the transition to a trivial phase in the presence of strong disorder. Atomic interactions in this quantum simulation platform may enable realizations of strongly interacting topological fluids.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-11-30
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-11-30
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2018-11-30
    Description: Limited proteolysis of gasdermin D (GSDMD) generates an N-terminal pore-forming fragment that controls pyroptosis in macrophages. GSDMD is processed via inflammasome-activated caspase-1 or -11. It is currently unknown whether macrophage GSDMD can be processed by other mechanisms. Here, we describe an additional pathway controlling GSDMD processing. The inhibition of TAK1 or IB kinase (IKK) by the Yersinia effector protein YopJ elicits RIPK1- and caspase-8–dependent cleavage of GSDMD, which subsequently results in cell death. GSDMD processing also contributes to the NLRP3 inflammasome–dependent release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Thus, caspase-8 acts as a regulator of GSDMD-driven cell death. Furthermore, this study establishes the importance of TAK1 and IKK activity in the control of GSDMD cleavage and cytotoxicity.
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-07
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-07
    Description: Developing alternative paradigms of electronics beyond silicon technology requires the exploration of fundamentally new physical mechanisms, such as the valley-specific phenomena in hexagonal two-dimensional materials. We realize ballistic valley Hall kink states in bilayer graphene and demonstrate gate-controlled current transmission in a four-kink router device. The operations of a waveguide, a valve, and a tunable electron beam splitter are demonstrated. The valley valve exploits the valley-momentum locking of the kink states and reaches an on/off ratio of 8 at zero magnetic field. A magnetic field enables a full-range tunable coherent beam splitter. These results pave a path to building a scalable, coherent quantum transportation network based on the kink states.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Primordial sequence signatures in modern proteins imply ancestral origins tracing back to simple peptides. Although short peptides seldom adopt unique folds, metal ions might have templated their assembly into higher-order structures in early evolution and imparted useful chemical reactivity. Recapitulating such a biogenetic scenario, we have combined design and laboratory evolution to transform a zinc-binding peptide into a globular enzyme capable of accelerating ester cleavage with exacting enantiospecificity and high catalytic efficiency ( k cat / K M ~ 10 6 M –1 s –1 ). The simultaneous optimization of structure and function in a naïve peptide scaffold not only illustrates a plausible enzyme evolutionary pathway from the distant past to the present but also proffers exciting future opportunities for enzyme design and engineering.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies protect against helminth infections but can also cause life-threatening allergic reactions. Despite their role in human health, the cells that produce these antibodies are rarely observed and remain enigmatic. We isolated single IgE B cells from individuals with food allergies and used single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the gene expression and splicing patterns unique to these cells. We identified a surprising example of convergent evolution in which IgE antibodies underwent identical gene rearrangements in unrelated individuals. Through the acquisition of variable region mutations, these IgE antibodies gained high affinity and unexpected cross-reactivity to the clinically important peanut allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 3. These findings provide insight into IgE B cell transcriptomics and enable biochemical dissection of this antibody class.
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: The binding of DNA to cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) leads to the production of the secondary messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), which activates innate immune responses. We have shown that DNA binding to cGAS robustly induced the formation of liquidlike droplets in which cGAS was activated. The disordered and positively charged cGAS N terminus enhanced cGAS-DNA phase separation by increasing the valencies of DNA binding. Long DNA was more efficient in promoting cGAS liquid phase separation and cGAS enzyme activity than short DNA. Moreover, free zinc ions enhanced cGAS enzyme activity both in vitro and in cells by promoting cGAS-DNA phase separation. These results demonstrated that the DNA-induced phase transition of cGAS promotes cGAMP production and innate immune signaling.
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Keywords: Immunology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Cryo–electron microscopy, or simply cryo-EM, refers mainly to three very different yet closely related techniques: electron crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM, and electron cryotomography. In the past few years, single-particle cryo-EM in particular has triggered a revolution in structural biology and has become a newly dominant discipline. This Review examines the fascinating story of its start and evolution over the past 40-plus years, delves into how and why the recent technological advances have been so groundbreaking, and briefly considers where the technique may be headed in the future.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Riback et al . (Reports, 13 October 2017, p. 238) used small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments to infer a degree of compaction for unfolded proteins in water versus chemical denaturant that is highly consistent with the results from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. There is thus no "contradiction" between the two methods, nor evidence to support their claim that commonly used FRET fluorophores cause protein compaction.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Best et al . claim that we provide no convincing basis to assert that a discrepancy remains between FRET and SAXS results on the dimensions of disordered proteins under physiological conditions. We maintain that a clear discrepancy is apparent in our and other recent publications, including results shown in the Best et al . comment. A plausible origin is fluorophore interactions in FRET experiments.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Metamaterials constructed from deep subwavelength building blocks have been used to demonstrate phenomena ranging from negative refractive index and -near-zero to cloaking, emulations of general relativity, and superresolution imaging. More recently, metamaterials have been suggested as a new platform for quantum optics. We present the use of a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons. We demonstrate the generation of the four Bell states on a single photon by using the geometric phase that arises from the photonic spin-orbit interaction and subsequently show nonlocal correlations between two photons that interacted with the metasurface. Our results show that metamaterials are suitable for the generation and manipulation of entangled photon states, introducing the area of quantum optics metamaterials.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne detection at room temperature, do not scale well to large system sizes. We introduce an approach to measurement based on a microwave photon counter demonstrating raw single-shot measurement fidelity of 92%. Moreover, the intrinsic damping of the photon counter is used to extract the energy released by the measurement process, allowing repeated high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements. Our scheme provides access to the classical outcome of projective quantum measurement at the millikelvin stage and could form the basis for a scalable quantum-to-classical interface.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Description: In metals, orbital motions of conduction electrons on the Fermi surface are quantized in magnetic fields, which is manifested by quantum oscillations in electrical resistivity. This Landau quantization is generally absent in insulators. Here, we report a notable exception in an insulator—ytterbium dodecaboride (YbB 12 ). The resistivity of YbB 12 , which is of a much larger magnitude than the resistivity in metals, exhibits distinct quantum oscillations. These unconventional oscillations arise from the insulating bulk, even though the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude follows the conventional Fermi liquid theory of metals with a large effective mass. Quantum oscillations in the magnetic torque are also observed, albeit with a lighter effective mass.
    Keywords: Physics
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Spin waves are collective excitations of magnetic systems. An attractive setting for studying long-lived spin-wave physics is the quantum Hall (QH) ferromagnet, which forms spontaneously in clean two-dimensional electron systems at low temperature and in a perpendicular magnetic field. We used out-of-equilibrium occupation of QH edge channels in graphene to excite and detect spin waves in magnetically ordered QH states. Our experiments provide direct evidence for long-distance spin-wave propagation through different ferromagnetic phases in the N = 0 Landau level, as well as across the insulating canted antiferromagnetic phase. Our results will enable experimental investigation of the fundamental magnetic properties of these exotic two-dimensional electron systems.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yingying -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S170-3. doi: 10.1038/528S170a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines ; Chemistry ; China ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Ecology ; Economic Recession ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Nobel Prize ; Physics ; Research/economics/manpower/standards/*statistics & numerical data ; Research Personnel/education/standards/supply & distribution ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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