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  • Articles  (46)
  • soybean  (46)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (46)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (46)
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  • Articles  (46)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical evaluation of thein situ nitrate reductase assay (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; corn ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Anin situ method, derived from anin vivo method, was used to determine nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in:i) excised barley and corn shoots and excised soybean leaves during a N-depletion experiment and; ii) roots and shoots of N-depleted barley and corn seedlings during induction of nitrate, reductase (NR). Nitrate reduction, calculated from thesein situ RNA measurements, was compared with estimates of each organ's nitrate reduction in light aerobic conditions from NO 3 − consumption and a15N model (Gojonet al., 1986b). Thein situ RNA of roots strongly underestimated their15NO 3 − reduction. In contrast, in barley and corn shoots and in the first trifoliolate leaves from 26-day-old, soybean, thein situ NRA assay gave a fair approximation of the true NO 3 − reduction rate (relative differences ranging from −14 to +32%). In young soybean leaves (from 20-day-old plants), however, thein situ NRA strongly underestimated the actual NO 3 − reduction. The physiological significance of thein situ NRA assay in shoots and roots, and its value for field studies are discussed from these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377074
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative strategies of recurrent selection for seed yield of soybean (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; resource allocation ; genetic recombination ; line evaluation ; maturity ; lodging ; plant height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Recurrent selection programs can be manipulated by varying either the extensiveness of testing used to identify superior lines or the number of intermating generations conducted among the superior lines between cycles of selection. The research was conducted to compare the performance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) lines derived from populations developed by recurrent selection for seed yield using a factorial arrangement that combined one or two stages of replicated yield testing to identify superior lines with one or three generations of intermating among the selected lines. The base population AP6, which was used for this evaluation of alternative strategies of recurrent selection, was derived from 40 high-yielding strains of Maturity Groups 0 to IV. For this study, the 40 original parents of AP6 and the lines used as the parents for the most advanced cycle of selections for each of the strategies were evaluated in four Iowa environments. The number of cycles of selection completed for the strategies under evaluation varied from two to five. Strategies with two stages of replicated yield testing to select superior lines resulted in a larger number of high-yielding lines than when only one stage of testing was conducted. A larger number of high-yielding lines was obtained from strategies with one generation of intermating than when three generations were used. With the procedures used for the one-stage and two-stage tests in this study, the results indicated that an appropriate strategy for recurrent selection of seed yield in soybean would involve two stages of replicated yield testing to identify superior lines and one generation of intermating among the selected lines to form a new population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible influence of cytoplasm on the performance of reciprocal soybean hybrids (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; cytoplasmic effect ; hybrid ; oil content ; protein content ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two soybean cultivars of a respectively determinate type and semi-determinate type were subject to reciprocal crossings with two varieties of an indeterminate type. The study was concerned with the performance of the parents and their reciprocal F1 hybrids in terms of mature plant weight, seed yield, harvest index, and percentage of oil and proteins in the seed. In some cases, the comparison with the better of the two parents showed that heterosis had occurred for the plant weight and seed yield. As for the other characteristics, the averages obtained for the hybrids were intermediate between those of the parents. Significant reciprocal differences were noted not only in the plant weight and seed yield, but also in the protein content, suggesting a possible positive cytoplasmic effect of the SWIFT cultivar on these characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022598
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis of interspecific soybean hybrids for traits related to N2 fixation (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; Glycine soja ; wild soybean ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; heterosis ; N2 fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the performance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. et Zucc.), and soybean x wild soybean hybrids for traits relating to N2 fixation including nodulation, acetylene reduction, nodule leghemoglobin concentration, and nitrogen (N) accumulation and dry matter (DM) accumulation. In all three experiments G. max generally exceeded G. soja in nodulation, acetylene reduction, and N and DM accumulation while the soybean possessed higher nodule leghemoglobin concentration. In Experiment I, the mean of the hybrids did not differ significantly from the G. max parent in nodule mass, acetylene reduction activity, nodule leghemoglobin concentration, or DM accumulation. The hybrids did exceed the soybean parent in N accumulation, thus demonstrating high parent heterosis. In Experiments IIA and IIB with a more carefully chosen set of G. soja parents, high parent heterosis of individual crosses was common. Across the three experiments average high parent heterosis was 34, 28, and 28%, respectively, for nodule mass, N accumulation, and DM accumulation. If one accepts the assumption that hybrid vigor results from the accumulation of dominant alleles, then these alleles could theoretically be accumulated via selection in a homozygous genotype. If this is true than the results of the experiments reported here suggest that interspecific soybean x wild soybean crosses could serve as sources of homozygous lines which would exceed currently available soybean cultivars in nodule mass, and N and DM accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incompletely dominant single resistance gene for peanut stripe virus in soybean line AGS 129 (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; genetics ; peanut stripe virus ; resistance ; incomplete dominance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of resistance to a soybean isolate of peanut stripe virus (PStV-strain PN) was studied in three soybean varieties, AGS 129, Ankur, and PI 230971. Genetic analysis was based on necrotic, mosaic and symptomless reactions in inoculated soybeans. A single incompletely dominant gene in AGS 129 was found to confer the resistance to PStV and was tentatively designated as Pst. The homozygous parent AGS 129, possessing the genotype Pst Pst, was immune while Ankur and PI 230971, with a genotype of pst pst, were susceptible showing mosaic symptoms. The heterozygous genotype Pst pst resulting from the cross of either Ankur or PI 230971 with AGS 129 reacted with necrosis, distinctly different from either of the homozygous genotypes. This genotypic effect was confirmed through the phenotypic segregation in BC, F2, and F3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage relationship between two genes conferring resistance to peanut stripe virus and soybean mosaic (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glucine max ; soybean ; peanut stripe virus ; resistance ; genetics ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The possible linkage relationship between hypocotyl color, leaflet shape, resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and to a soybean isolate of peanut stripe virus (PStV-isolate PN) was examined in two soybean lines AGS 129 and Ankur. Hypocotyl color, leaf shape and reactions to SMV-G1 and PStV were found to be inherited monogenically, with purple hypocotyl color, ovate leaf shape and resistance to both of the viruses being dominant. The reactions to SMV and PStV were conditioned by genes with 9 ± 2.4 percent recombination as coupling phase. They were inherited independently from hypocotyl color and leaf shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between strains ofBradyrhizobium japonicum for nodulation of soybeans at different nitrogen fertilizer levels (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bacteriocin ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; ELISA ; Glycine max ; inoculation ; nitrogen fertilization ; nodulation ; soybean ; strain competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Competitive abilities of 3 strains ofBradyrhizobium japonicum (E104, E109, E110) for nodulation of soybean (Glycine max) at increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels were studied. Dry weight of plants nodulated by strain E110 were depressed at 10 g N·m−2, the highest fertilizer level, even when mixed with strain E109. Strain E104 alone or mixed with E109 increased dry matter production. Strain E110 formed many dually infected nodules with strain E104 present but not with strain E109. However, strain E104 formed nodules containing strain E109. Neither strain E110 or E109 produced bacteriocin, so the incompatibility of these two strains had to be due to another reason. Strain E104 successfully competes with strain E109 but not with E110 at 10 g N·m−2. It is concluded that strain E110 dominates the symbiotic relationships even if other strains are also present in the nodules. However, at a high N-fertilizer level strain E110 decreases the plant yield in contrast to E104, which could be recommended as inoculant at increased levels of soluble soil-N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220715
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum inhibition of shoot lateral branches ofGlycine max and reversal by exogenous cytokinin (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acid soil ; aluminum toxicity ; benzylaminopurine ; cation translocation ; cytokinin ; Glycine max ; lateral branch development ; lime response ; root morphology ; shoot morphology ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Aluminum effects on the morphological development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were characterized in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. An Al-sensitive cultivar, ‘Ransom’, was grown in an acid soil (Aeric Paleudult) adjusted to 3 levels of exchangeable Al. Lateral shoot development at the nodes of the main stem was extensive in the limed soil containing 0.06 cmol(+) Alkg−1. However, lateral shoot length and weight were severely inhibited in the unlimed soil containing 2.19 cmol(+) Alkg−1, and in the unlimed soil amended to 2.63 cmol(+) Alkg−1 with AlCl3. This inhibition by the high Al/low pH condition was reversed by the exogenous application of a synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). The daily application of 20 μg mL−1 BA applied locally to the lateral meristems of plants grown in the unlimed soil stimulated lateral shoot growth substantially, such that it was either comparable to or greater than that observed in the limed treatment without BA. Accumulation of K, Ca, and Mg in lateral shoot branches was also stimulated by the local application of BA. The inhibitory effects of Al on lateral shoot development were confirmed in solution culture. In addition, differential sensitivity to Al was evident among the primary root, first order lateral roots, and second order lateral roots. The length of the primary root was only slightly decreased by increasing concentrations of Al up to 30 μM. In contrast, the length of basipetally located first order lateral roots was restricted to greater extent; up to 50% by 30 μM Al. Second order lateral lengths were inhibited even more severely; up to 86% by 30 μM Al. Substantial evidence in the literature indicates that the root apex is a major site for the biosynthesis of cytokinin that is supplied to shoots, and cellular function and development in this region of the root are impaired during Al toxic conditions. This suggests that one mode of action by which Al may affect shoot growth is by inhibiting the synthesis and subsequent translocation of cytokinin to the meristematic regions of the shoot. The present observation of a reversal of Al-inhibited lateral shoot development by exogenously applied cytokinin supports this hypothesis. However, the inability of applied cytokinin to counter the restriction imposed by Al on total shoot dry matter production implies the impairment by Al toxicity of other root functions, such as ion and water transport, also played an important role in altering shoot morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370285
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybean, corn, and wheat yields with variable soil pH on Plinthic Acrisols (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 19 (1989), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: S ; calcite ; dolomite ; soybean ; corn ; wheat ; soil acidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Liming costs have escalated since the mid 1970's in the United States. Studies of crop response to lime with irrigation are limited as well as those of crop response to soil acidifying agents. This study was conducted to determine yield response of irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to lime and S and the change in soil pH, in response to lime and S. Irrigated soybean, corn, and wheat were grown on Dothan and Tifton loamy fine sand (Plinthic Acrisols) with different levels of calcite, dolomite, and S. Soil samples were collected before applying treatments and during each growing season. Soil pH and Mehlich I extractable P, K, Ca, and Mg in addition to grain yield of each crop were determined. Highest soybean yield (4.2 t ha−1) occurred in 1984 at a soil pH of 4.9 (1:1 v/v soil—water suspension) while the yield was zero at a pH of 3.7 on S treated plots. A soil pH of 4.8 in 1985 reduced soybean yield from 3.4 to 2.7 t ha−1 in comparison to untreated plots (pH = 5.6). In 1986, soybean yield was 0.8 t ha−1 at pH 4.0 in comparison to 2.3 t ha−1 at pH 5.1 and 5.9. Corn did not respond to lime with control pH of 5.3 in 1985 or 5.1 in 1986 but S at pH 4.6 reduced yield from 12.3 to 8.7 t ha−1 in 1985 and S reduced yield from 11.0 to 0.9 t ha−1 at pH 4.0 in 1986. Sulfur reduced wheat yield from 4.3 to 1.7 t ha−1 in 1985 and from 2.2 to 0.9 t ha−1 in 1987. Soil pH after cropping with S addition was 4.4 each year. Wheat did not respond to lime when unlimed soil had a pH of 5.2 or above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054455
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and distribution of copper and zinc by soybean and corn from soil treated with sewage sludge (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 113 (1989), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: corn ; Cu uptake ; sewage sludge ; soybean ; Zn uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field study was conducted to determine uptake and distribution of Cu and Zn by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) grown on Enon sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs), treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg ha−1 of sewage sludge each year. ‘Ransom’ soybeans were grown the first year and ‘FCX’ corn was grown in the same plots to maturity the second year. In general, sludge significantly increased grain yield of soybeans and corn. Copper concentration in soybean seed was higher than in leaf and stem, but Zn concentration was lower in the seed than in the other tissues, under sludge treatment. Copper in corn leaf increased more than in stem and grain as the rate of sludge addition increased. Zinc increased in corn leaf and stem as the rate of sludge increased, but Zn in grain was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280191
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence ofGlycine max nodulation on the persistence in soil of a genetically markedBradyrhizobium japonicum strain (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 116 (1989), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antibiotic resistance ; ecology ; nitrogen fixation ; soybean ; symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since competition with indigenous strains limits nodule occupancy by bacteria applied to seeds, the ecology of Bradyrhizobium inoculum strains used for soybean is of concern. A genetically marked strain,B. japonicum I-110 ARS, was directly enumerated from soil on selective medium. A clear long-term positive influence of even limitedGlycine max nodulation was shown by comparisons of population densities obtained with or without plant removal prior to nodule senescence in the first year and with an incompatible as well as a compatible soybean variety after 5 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214558
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why and how to estimate the cost of symbiotic N2 fixation? A progressive approach based on the use of14C and15N isotopes (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 115 (1989), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon cost ; lupin ; N2 fixation ; PEP carboxylase ; red clover ; respiration ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, though of obvious advantage to legumes in situations in which nitrogen is limiting, results in substantial penalty to the host plant in terms of cost of maintenance, synthesis and nitrogen reduction. Accurate estimates of costs are difficult to obtain because of the lack of simple methods to measure N2 fixation and associated energy consumption. In relation to these difficulties, a multiple-step approach involving isotopes (14CO2−15N2) methodologies is described. The estimation of net respiratory cost associated with the N2 reduction activity in near-natural conditions was achieved using simultaneous14CO2 and15N2 labelling. It gives a minimum value of 2.5 mg C/mg N fixed. This value was corrected by the estimation of the amount of carbon saved through the process of CO2 fixation by the PEP carboxylase of the nodules, using14CO2 in the soil atmosphere. This gives a real respiratory cost of 4 mg C/mg N fixed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202585
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of host cultivars and Bradyrhizobium strains on the growth and symbiotic performance of soybean under salt stress (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; genetic diversity ; NaCl and KCl stress ; salt-tolerance ; soybean ; symbiotic nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the importance of salt tolerance of host cultivars, Bradyrhizobium strains, and host-Bradyrhizobium combinations on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation potential of soybean under NaCl and KCl salt stress. Plants were grown in a soil medium, and the experiments were conducted under controlled environment growth room conditions. Bradyrhizobium growth was examined in yeast-mannitol broth andB. japonicum strains tolerant of NaCl and KCl (80 mM) stress were identified. Soybean cultivar Williams, which was sensitive to salt stress, performed poorly both in growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, irrespective of whether it was matched with a tolerant or sensitive Bradyrhizobium strain. Tolerant cultivar Manchu sustained nodulation and nitrogen fixation, irrespective of whether it was matched with a tolerant or sensitive Bradyrhizobium strain. Evidence presented here suggests a need, first to select soybean cultivars that are tolerant to salt stress, and then to match them with tolerant and effective Bradyrhizobium strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370277
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation and characteristics of new recipes of Egyptian patti beans (Falafel) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 38 (1988), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: soybean ; faba bean ; patti beans ; sensory evaluation ; amino acid composition ; in vitro digestibility ; by product ; Falafel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract New recipes of Falafel were formulated and evaluated regarding acceptability, proximate chemical composition and nutritive value. Soybean meal and/or cotyledons were used to substitute for faba bean at different levels (i.e. zero %, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Data indicated that blends of faba bean (20%) and soybean meal and/or cotyledons (80%) were the most acceptable recipes compared to the control (100% faba bean) as well as the other substitution levels. Blending soybean with faba bean led to appreciable improvement in some essential amino acids. The in vitro digestibility for soybean blends were comparable to the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092861
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation (15N dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain ; N2 fixation ; 15N dilution ; nodule ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Controlled environment and field studies were conducted to determine relationships between various measurements of N2 fixation using soybeans and to use these measures to evaluate a number ofBradyrhizobium japonicum strains for effectiveness in N2 fixation in Thai soils.15N dilution measurements of N2 fixation showed levels of fixation ranging from 32 to 161 kg N ha−1 depending on bacterial strain, host cultivar and location. Midseason measures of N2 fixation were correlated with each other, but not related measures taken at maturity. Ranking ofB. japonicum strains based on performance under controlled conditions in N-free media were highly correlated with rankings based on soybean seed yields and N2 fixation under field conditions. This study showed that inoculation of soybeans with effectiveB. japonicum strains can result in significant increases in yield and uptake of N through fixation. The most effective strains tested for use in Thai conditions were those isolated from Thai soils; however, effective strains from other locations were also of benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370097
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation (15N dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: herbicides ; irrigation ; 15N dilution ; N2fixation ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments were conducted in northern Thailand to evaluate the effect of five herbicides and three watering schedules on soybean yields and N2 fixation. The herbicides sethoxydim, alachlor, fluazifop butyl and metolachlor when added at recommended rates for weed control did not result in detrimental effects on seed yields or benefits of N2 fixation. Paraquat additions significantly reduced the amount of N2 fixed as measured by15N dilution methods. Inoculation of the soil with a mixed strain inoculum ofBradyrhizobium japonicum increased seed yields and measurements of N2 fixation. The application of water to soybeans only when water stress symptoms such as wilting were observed resulted in drastic reductions in both yield and N2 fixation of four cultivars of soybeans. Reducing the water application from weekly to biweekly did not seriously reduce yields or N2 fixation benefits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370103
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence and competitiveness of threeBradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant strains in clay loam Nile valley soil (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; competitiveness ; nodulation ; persistence ; rhizosphere ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The survival and persistence of threeB. japonicum inoculant strains USDA 110, USDA 138 and TAL 379 were studied in a clay loam Nile valley soil. The inoculated field plots in the summer of 1985 were sown with soybean again in 1986 season. No inoculation in the season of 1986 was conducted and the plants were left to nodulated with the persisted cells of the inocula strains applied a year before. The soil had no background ofB. japonicum, however, some nodules were formed on the control plants due to the carryover of the strains with water circulation and some other agricultural practices. The results indicate the persistence of all applied inoculant strains until the next planting season in 1986 with strain USDA 110 being higher in the rhizosphere of the plants than the other two strains. The population dynamics of the three strains in both growing seasons followed the same trend with maximum rhizosphere colonization at blooming stage. While strain USDA 110 was as high in 1986 season as in 1985 season, the counts of both strains USDA 138 and TAL 379 were much lower in 1986 season. The significant response to inoculation recorded in the 1985 season was extended to the 1986 growing season. Although nodulation and seed yield still differed significantly in 1986 season from the control uninoculated plots, no significant differences were found among the strains or their mixtures. The results of the competition between the strains in the two seasons showed that strain USDA 110 was more competitive than strains USDA 138 and TAL 379. The competition patterns in the second season were not markedly different from those of the first season. The predominance of strain USDA 110 in nodules was not correlated with a numerical advantage of that strain over other strains in the host rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative species responses to boron on a Typic Tropaqualf in Northern Thailand (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 106 (1988), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: black gram ; boron deficiency ; borax rates ; green gram ; hollow heart ; hot-water-soluble boron ; kernel boron ; leaf boron ; peanut ; rice ; soybean ; sunflower ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of boron (B) on peanut and soybean was examined in two omission and one B fertilizer rate trial on a Typic Tropaqualf in Northern Thailand. The B rate trial was combined with a comparison of the response of sunflower, green gram, black gram, wheat, and rice in addition to peanut and soybean grown in irrigated rice-based cropping sequences over two years. Omitting B induced the hollow heart symptom in 10% of peanut kernels with the incidence of hollow hearts closely related to B concentration in the kernels. Omission of B had no effect on the appearance of soybean seed or on the grain yield of either soybean or peanut. In the B rate experiment, omitting B depressed grain yield by 50% in sunflower and by 40% to 80% in black gram, induced B deficiency symptoms in green gram and the hollow heart symptom in peanut kernels, but had not significant effect on the grain yield of soybean, peanuts, rice, or wheat. B deficiency apparently depressed grain yield in black and green gram by delaying or inhibiting reproductive development thus reducing pod set.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371190
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    Some effects of nitrate and light intensity on soybean root growth and development (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 106 (1988), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: light intensity ; nitrate fixation ; nitrogen growth ; root growth ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of light intensity and nitrate nutrition on soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) root growth and development. Relative growth rates, total, root and nodule dry weights, and the rates of increase in the number of roots indicated that nitrogen fixation limited growth relative to that achieved with nitrate and that the response to nitrate increases with light intensity and varies with plant age. Nitrate increased with rate of taproot extension but light intensity had no effect.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371228
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  • 20
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    Enhancement of nitrogen fixation in lentil, faba bean, and soybean by dual inoculation with Rhizobia and mycorrhizae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: faba bean ; lentil ; mycorrhizae ; N2 fixation ; nodulation ; Rhizobia ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The combined effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) and Rhizobium on the cold season legumes, lentil and faba bean, as well as on summer legume, soybean, were studied in soils with low indeginous VA mycorrhizal spores. Inoculation of the plant with VA mycorrhizal fungi increased the level of mycorrhizal root infection of lentil, faba bean and soybean. The inoculation with Rhizobium had no significant effect on VA mycorrhizal infection percent, but VA mycorrhizal inoculation increased nodulation of the three legumes. The inoculation with Rhizobium alone significantly increased plant dry weight and N content of lentil and faba bean as well as seed yield of soybean. VA mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased plant dry weight and phosphorus content of the plants as did fertilization with superphosphate. Rock phosphate fertilization, however, had no significant effect on plant growth or phosphorus uptake. The addition of rock phosphate in combination with VA mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant dry weight and P uptake of the plants. The dual inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhizae induced more significant increases in plant dry weight, N and P content of lentil and faba bean as well as seed yield of soybean than inoculation with either VA mycorrhizae or Rhizobium alone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370106
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    Soybean seedling emergence at high temperatures (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: emergence ; germination ; Glycine max ; soybean ; seed ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract ‘Bragg’ and ‘Cobb’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were germinated in sand at temperatures ranging from 25 to 40°C. Emergence decreased with increasing temperature above 37°C, with virtually no emergence at 40°C. Emergence of 12 other cultivars at 38°C ranged from 25 to 95%. ‘Foster and ‘Coker 338’ were more sensitive to high temperature than the other cultivars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197594
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    Carbon dioxide exchange rates in soybeans during podfilling as a function of potassium supply (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; dark respiration ; deficiency ; Glycine max ; oil protein ratio ; photosynthesis ; potassium ; seed ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthetic and dark respiration rates of single leaflets and whole plant canopies were measured during podfilling of soybean plants that were grown under low and high K regimes. Dark respiration rates of detached seed from these plants were also determined during the latter part of seed development. The study was carried out to test the hypothesis that low oil/protein ratios of seed from K-deficient plants resulted from the reduction in carbon availability within the plant, as a result of lower carbon assimilation rates and higher rates of respiratory carbon loss. Photosynthetic rates of upper canopy leaflets during early podfilling were depressed under K deficiency but this effect did not occur with whole plant canopies. In fact, towards the latter part of the podfilling period canopy photosynthetic rates were higher in K-deficient plants as nitrogen was exported earlier from the leaves in high-K plants, resulting in earlier leaf senescence in these plants. The level of K supply had no consistent effect on dark respiration rates of single leaflets or plant canopies, and had no effect on CO2 evolution rates from detached, developing seed. The findings do not substantiate the hypothesis that reduced photosynthetic efficiency or enhanced respiratory carbon loss are responsible for lower oil/protein ratios in seed from K-deficient soybean plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202089
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    Effect of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen nutrition on aluminium tolerance of soybean (Glycine max L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; nitrogen form ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonium-nitrogen supply increased Al tolerance (parameter root elongation rate) of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants compared to nitrate-nitrogen supply when grown at constant pH in solution culture. This protective effect of ammonium against Al could only partially be attributed to lowered activity of monomeric aluminium species in the ammonium solution. For ammonium and nitrate-grown plants the relationship between Al concentration in the root tips and total length could be described by the same regression equation. The higher Al tolerance of soybean plants grown in the presence of ammonium was due to restricted ad/absorption of Al which resulted from competition with positively charged Al species for binding sites in the apoplast. Induction of higher symplastic Al tolerance is unlikely because preculture with ammonium decreased rather than increased aluminium tolerance of the plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182037
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    Effect of salinity on phosphate accumulation and injury in soybean (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 105 (1988), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; cultivars ; foliar injury ; Glycine max ; phosphate uptake ; sodium ; solution cultures ; soybean ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Many soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes that are grown in solution cultures are highly sensitive to the combination of both salinity and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the substrate. This effect has been observed on numerous occasions on plants grown in a saline medium that contained a substantial amount of Ca (i.e., CaCl2/NaCl=0.5 on a molar basis). Because Ca is important in regulating ion transport and membrane permeability, solution culture experiments were designed to examine the effects of various concentrations of Pi and ratios of CaCl2/NaCl (0 to 0.5 on a molar basis) at a constant osmotic potential (−0.34 MPa) on this adverse interaction. Four soybean cultivars (‘Lee’, ‘Lee 74’ ‘Clark’ and ‘Clark 63’) were tested. No adverse salinity x Pi interaction was found on Lee at any ratio and leaf P and Cl were maintained below 300 and 200 mmol kg−1 dry wt, respectively. Clark, Clark 63 and Lee 74 soybean plants, on the other hand, were severely injured by solution salinity (−0.34 MPa osmotic potential) when substrate Pi was ≥0.12 mM. Reduced substrate Ca did not intensify the salinity x Pi interaction. On the contrary, the onset of injury was hastened and more severe with increased CaCl2/NaCl ratios in isotonic solutions. Shoot and root growth rates decreased as injury increased. Leaf P concentrations from these cultivars grown in saline solutions with 0.12 mM Pi were excessive (〉600 mmol kg−1 dry wt) compared with concentrations commonly found in soybean leaf tissue yet they were independent of the severity of injury. Since leaf Cl increased wiht increased CaCl2/NaCl ratio, we suspect that the severity of foliar injury was related to the combined effects of excessive P and Cl within the tissue. Lee 74, the only injured cultivar examined that excluded Cl from its leaves, was less sensitive than either Clark cultivar and its injury was characteristically different. Other ion interactions were reported that may have played a role in injury susceptibility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371139
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    Field evaluation of soybean genotypes selected for enhanced capacity to nodulate and fix nitrogen in the presence of nitrate (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: field ; Korean genotypes ; nitrate tolerance ; N2 fixation ; nodulation ; soil nitrate ; soybean ; ureides ; xylem exudate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The development of cultivars of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) which are capable of near-maximum levels of N2 fixation in high-NO 3 − soils remains a high priority in N2 fixation research. We report a field study to evaluate nodulation and N2 fixation by 32 genotypes of soybean, selected after two years of glasshouse screening for superior symbiotic activity in the presence of 2.5 mM NO 3 − . The 32 “NO 3 − -tolerant” genotypes and eight others (three commercial “check” cultivars and five “non-fixing” lines) were inoculated withBradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809 and sown into a black earth soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) which contained high levels of soil NO 3 − (260 kg N ha−1; 0 to 120 cm depth) and which was free of soybean rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation activity was assessed at 89 days after sowing using the relative abundance of ureides in xylem exudate [(ureide-N/ureide-N+NO 3 − -N+α amino-N)×100] as an index of fixation. Plant growth and nodulation were assessed 11 days later. Genotypes 466, 468, 469 and 464, all of Korean origin, showed the highest levels of symbiotic activity. Many of the remaining 28 “tolerant” genotypes nodulated poorly in the field and displayed levels of N2 fixation (relative ureides) which were equivalent to two of the commercial “check” cultivars, Bragg and Elf. Correlation matrices of the measured parameters revealed highly significant correlations among the indices of nodulation and N2 fixation and poor correlation between those measurements and plant growth-seed yield. The levels of NO 3 − tolerance, displayed by the four Korean lines, may prove useful in breeding programs which aim to enhance N2 fixation by soybean in high-NO 3 − soils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143548
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    Effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on crop response and soil fertility in a long-term experiment (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 15 (1988), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: corn ; soybean ; wheat ; maximum yield ; optimum yield ; Bray P1 ; exchangeable K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data from 32 years of a rotation-fertility experiment were analyzed to determine the average P and K application rates required for maximum yield and for optimum yield. A four-year rotation of corn, soybean, wheat, hay was used for the first 10 years and then changed to corn-1, soybean, wheat, corn-2. Rates of P application per 4-year rotation ranged from 0 to 196 kg ha−1 and for K from 0 to 558 kg ha−1. Multiple regression equations were fitted to the mean yields per 4-year rotation for the response of each crop to P and K applications. The range in P application rates in kg of P per 4-year rotation required to get maximum yields of corn was 118 to 172, for soybeans was 134 to 150, and for wheat was 116 to 138. The range in K application rates in kg K per 4-year rotation to get maximum yields of corn was 378 to 411, for soybeans was 324 and 476, and for wheat was 11 to 323. For rates of application where P and K added exceeded crop removals, soil test P and K increased linearly with the cumulative positive balance of P and K. Where crop removal exceeded application rate, no relation was found between crop removal and soil test.
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    Influence of different soil temperatures on water use, growth and internal water status of soybean (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 288-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aerial temperature ; leaf area ; leaf water potential ; shoot growth ; soil temperature ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the effect of soil temperature on internal water relations of well watered soybean (Glycine max L.) at constant air temperature under controlled conditions were carried out. A specially designed thermogradient tank was used for obtaining a range of soil temperatures. Data on shoot height, shoot weight, root length, root weight, leaf area and leaf water potential were obtained at 41 days after sowing and the highest values of these parameters were recorded at 28.6°C. The air temperature during the course of these investigations was 25±1°C and it may be concluded that slightly warmer soil temperatures than air temperatures were optimal for soybean with regard to the above measured parameters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202098
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    Allelopathic effect of common weeds on soybean growth and soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: allelopathy ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; nodulation ; soybean ; weeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Water extracts of shoot of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) at 1% level significantly reduced soybean seed germination. Soybean seedlings inoculated with broth culture of nodule bacterium were grown for 25 days in N-free nutrient solution amended with cold water extracts of weed residues at 1 and 2% levels. At both levels extracts from residues of all weeds except that of lambsquarters enhanced growth of soybean. Nodulation was generally stimulated by the extracts of five weeds at 1% level except that of lambsquarters. Extracts from lambsquarters at 2% level completely suppressed and at 1% level reduced nodulation by 60%. Extracts from green foxtail (Setaria viridis), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonium pensylvanicum) and sunflower at 2% level reduced and at 1% level enhanced nodulation. The residues of lambsquarters shoot incorporated with soil at 0.5 and 1% levels caused 85 and 96% reduction respectively in seed germination and those of Pennsylvania smartweed and sunflower at 1% reduced seed germination by 40–70% but not at 0.5% level. The residues of foxtail and smartweed at both levels enhanced growth and nodulation. Under similar conditions nutsedge at 1% level stimulated nodulation but not growth. The residues of lambsquarters at both levels were inhibitory to nodulation but stimulated growth at 0.5% level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139993
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    Protein content and amino acid profile of some wild leguminous seeds (1988)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 38 (1988), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: legumes ; soybean ; protein ; amino acids ; lysine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seeds of 28 wild growing legumes of India were analysed for their protein content and amino acid compositions. A wide variation was observed in protein contents (18.3 to 50.9%). The amino acid composition and protein content of some of these seeds were in close proximity to that of soybean; however, some legumes registered a higher level of certain amino acids and protein as compared to the latter.
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    Identification and isolation of methionine-cysteine rich proteins in soybean seed (1988)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 38 (1988), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: soybean ; methionine-cysteine rich protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We recently developed a method to identify methionine-containing proteins and quantitate their methionine contents [4]. We applied this method to soybeans and identified relatively methionine-rich proteins (MRP) among the albumins. By acidic methanol extraction of the albumins, we obtained a group of low molecular weight methionine-cysteine rich proteins (MCRP) that analyzed 4.0% methionine and 8.8% cysteine. MCRP made up 1–2% of the total protein in soybeans. Reversed-phase HPLC purification of MCRP yielded a protein peak that exhibited a single major band on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a molecular weight of 16kD and contained 6.2% methionine and 18.8% cysteine. We are cloning the gene for this protein. Increasing its level through genetic engineering could increase the methionine-cysteine content of soybeans.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091726
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    Study of soybean and lentil root exudates (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bacterial growth ; coumestrol ; daidzein ; Glycine max ; isoflavonoids ; rhizobia ; rhizospheric microorganisms ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of two isoflavonoids, coumestrol and daidzein which are present in aseptically grown roots and root exudates of soybean, was tested on some rhizospheric microorganisms. It was found that coumestrol promotes the growth ofR. japonicum USDA 138 (about 30%) andR. leguminosarum (about 15%) whereas it inhibits the growth ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens (about 50%) andPseudomonas sp. (about 20%). The following microorganisms were unaffected by this molecule:R. japonicum W505,Agrobacterium radiobacter, Micrococcus luteus andCryptococcus laurentii. It was found that daidzein promotesR. japonicum USDA 138 growth (about 20%) and inhibitsPseudomonas sp. growth (about 20%); other microorganisms were unaffected. In addition, coumestrol favoured the formation of ‘coccoids’ cells byRhizobium japonicum USDA 138 which could be the infective state of this strain. It seems that this compound is able to help nodulation of soybean by aRhizobium strain. This result supports the work of Peterset al. (1986) and Redmondet al. (1986) who show that flavones present in plant exudates induces expression of nodulation genes in Rhizobium.
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    The effects of a high level of N, applied at planting, on nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by diverse strains of Bradyrhizobium (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Glycine max ; nitrate ; nitrogen fixation ; nodule number ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The capabilities of 36 diverse strains of bradyrhizobia to nodulate the soybean cv. Wilkin were determined in pots using starter-N levels of 0 and 51 mM (KNO3). At 21 days after planting, the strains showed a broad range of nodule number per plant. Nodulation was totally suppressed by N only in a group of strains which also formed relatively few nodules under N-free conditions. When plants were grown until 42 days, these strains continued to be poorly infective under N-free conditions, whereas their nodulation was greatly improved by the high-N treatment (N became limiting at between 21 and 42 days in the high-N treatment). We conclude that optimization of plant growth potential, by application of N, is important when determining strain infectivity.
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    Soybeans root distribution under wet soil culture on a red-brown earth (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: duplex soil ; root distribution ; soybean ; wet-soil culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root distribution of soybean was determined under wet soil culture on two Red-Brown earths in S.E. Australia. In general there was a parabolic distribution of roots with low root length densities in the furrow (saturated soil zone) and centre of the bed (dry zone). Maximum root length density (20 cm cm−3) occurred at the base of the plants, approximately 300 mm from the furrow under wet soil culture. Roots were confined to the wet aerated zone which was determined by the permeability of the soil.
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    Influence of soil moisture level on apple iron chlorosis development in a calcareous soil (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bicarbonate ; calciaquoll ; Malus sp. ; self-rooted ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Eight apple genotypes were grown in a calcareous soil to evaluate relative Fe deficiency chlorosis susceptibility of apple rootstocks. Two soybean genotypes, known to be chlorosis-resistant and-susceptible in wet calcareous soils in Iowa and Minnesota, were used to calibrate the response of the apple genotypes. Two sites and two soil-water levels were used because high soil water is known to induce chlorisis in susceptible soybean and citrus cultivars. Generally, apple seedlings were more sensitive to high pH and high HCO3 − induced chlorosis than the sensitive soybean cultivar. Fe levels were about 14 μg·g−1 dry wt in new leaves of apple seedlings grown on low (35%) or high (48%) soil moisture levels. Similar foliar Fe concentrations were produced on soils from either of two fields of Harps silty clay loam soil (Typic Calciaquoll). Although chlorosis developed in all apple species, we observed varying degrees of severity based on visual observations.Malus micromalus, M. domestica (cv., ‘York’ seedling) andM. domestica (cv., ‘Golden Delicious’ from tissue culture) all expressed a lower level of chlorosis compared with the other species tested (M. zumi, M. hupehensis, M. honanensis, andM. baccata). Additionally, those apples with lower visual chlorosis also contained slightly higher foliar Fe levels and lower leaf P levels. This same pattern held true between the susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars.
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    Water stress effects on leaf elongation, leaf water potential, transpiration, and nutrient uptake of rice, maize, and soybean (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: leaf elongation rate ; leaf water potential ; maize ; nitrogen ; nutrient uptake ; phosphorus ; potassium ; rice ; soybean ; transpiration rate ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine and compare the responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. var, IR 36), maize (Zea mays L. var. DMR-2), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. var. Clark 63) to soil water stress. Leaf elongation, dawn leaf water potential, transpiration rate, and nutrient uptake in stressed rice declined earlier than in maize and soybean. Maize and soybean, compared with rice, maintained high dawn leaf water potential for a longer period of water stress before leaf water potential. Nutrient uptake under water stress conditions was influenced more by the capacity of the roots to absorb nutrients than by transpiration. Transport of nutrients to the shoots may occur even at reduced transpiration rate It is concluded that the ability of maize and soybean to grow better than rice under water stress conditions may be due to their ability to maintain turgor as a result of the slow decline in leaf water potential brought about by low, transpiration rate and continued uptake of nutrient, especially K, which must have allowed osmotic adjustment to occur.
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    Differential responses to K deficiency among soybean cultivars (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cultivar ; deficiency ; Glycine max ; oil percentage ; potassium ; protein percentage ; seed yield ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The seed yield per unit of potassium applied differed for five soybean cultivars which were grown to maturity under different K regimes in a glasshouse. Whereas Dodds was the most responsive cultivar to moderate increases in K supply, the cultivar Bragg was the most efficient in its ability to produce seed with low levels of available K; Lee and Forest were the least efficient cultivars while Bossier and Dodds were of intermediate efficiency. The basis for the efficiency of cv. Bragg was that the growth of its tops, as indicated by mature stem weights and its roots, were less affected by reduced K supply than those of other cultivars. This enabled it to produce more pods under K-deficient regimes, resulting in a greater seed yield per plant. The percentage reduction in oil/protein ratios in the seed of the five cultivars under moderate K deficiency correlated closely with reductions in seed yield. However, changes in this ratio were poorly related to the K percentages in the seed. All cultivars experienced an impairment of plant senescence under K deficiency as evidenced by a reduction in leaf abcission and a delay in pod maturity. The existence of genetic diversity in K-use efficiency means that breeding programmes could utilize K-efficient germplasm in developing new cultivars for soils not naturally high in potassium.
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    Pollen and coenocytic microspore germination in male-fertile and malesterilemsl soybean (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; male-sterile ; pollen germination ; fluorescence microscopy ; apomixis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Light and fluorescence microscopy were used to study coenocytic microspore germination from male-sterile (ms1 ms1) soybean plants. Anther squashes from male-sterile plants revealed that a low frequency of natural coenocytic microspore germination occurred in male-sterile anthers of four independent lines; [ms1-North carolina (T260H),ms1-Urbana (T266H),ms1-Tonica (T267H), andms1-Ames (T268H)]. Abnormalities such as giant tubes, branched tubes, tubes with swollen areas, and multiple tubes were observed from coenocytic microspores from all four lines. The Urbana line, however, demonstrated a higher percentage of coenocytic microspore germination than did the other three lines. Flowers of the Urbana line from both malefertile and male-sterile plants, as well as gynoecia pollinated with coenocytic microspores from sterile plants, were used for in vivo studies. Pollen-tube growth appeared normal in male-fertile plants. In contrast, coenocytic microspore tubes rarely were observed in gynoecia from male-sterile plants or in gynoecia from malefertile plants that had been artificially cross-pollinated withms1 ms1 plants. Few tubes from coenocytic microspores were observed in the vicinity of the micropylar region. A low frequency of seed set was achieved in the greenhouse on Urbana male-sterile plants grown in the absence of male-fertile plants. Thus, we believe either that some gametes from coenocytic microspores are able to participate in fertilization at low frequency or that apomixis occurs inms1 ms1 plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730680
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    Differential response of soybean genotypes to soil pH and manganese application (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: manganese ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to evaluated response of four soybean genotypes to different soil pH conditions, and rates of manganese application. Enon sandy loam soil was used for the investigation in a greenhouse. Manganese rates were 0, 10, and 20 Kg Mn ha. The pH levels were 5.3, 6.3, and 7.0. The genotypes tested were PI 159319, PI 324924, PI 960895, and L-76-0132. Genotype PI 960895 gave the highest yield whereas I-76-0132 gave the lowest yield. Genotype PI 324924 showed normal plant growth and higher yield at pH 5.3 indicating its tolerance to low soil pH. Soil pH 5.3 resulted in highest concentration of Mn in the leaves. Relatively lower seed yield of PI 159319 at pH 5.3 was due to intolerance to low soil pH. Genotypes PI 960895 and L-76-0132 gave similar seed yields at all pH levels. Genotypes PI 159319 responded to Mn addition while the others did not. The data suggest differential response by soybean genotypes to soil pH and Mn addition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371039
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    Nutritional properties of nonrice crops in the Asian Rice Farming Systems Network (1987)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 36 (1987), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; corn ; sorghum ; bushsitao ; cowpea ; mungbean ; peanut ; pigeonpea ; soybean ; protein and energy yields ; amino acid score
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Six legume crops and three cereal crops in the Asian Rice Farming Systems Network were compared with IR58 brown rice in terms of dry matter, energy and protein yields per hectare. Sorghum was closest to brown rice in dry matter and energy yield but soybean had the highest protein yield. Peanut and soybean had higher crude fat than the other crops which accounted for their high energy content and yield among the legumes. Amino acid analysis showed cowpea, mungbean, pigeonpea, bushsitao, and soybean protein as limiting in sulfur amino acids (cysteine + methionine). Peanut protein was limiting in either lysine or tryptophan + threonine. Corn, sorghum and wheat proteins were limiting in lysine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01892349
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    Amino acid profile of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC): a rich source of vegetable protein (1987)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 37 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: winged bean ; soybean ; amino acids ; lysine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Twenty one cultivars of winged bean (17 of Indian origin and 4 exotic strains obtained from Sri Lanka) were cultivated on marginal (alkaline) soils in the sub-tropics and evaluated for their food value. Whereas the seeds showed wide variations in total protein content (38.1 to 45 per cent), the amino acid compositions were in close proximity to those of soybean. Nevertheless, some strains of winged bean registered higher levels of certain amino acids as compared to soybean.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091791
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  • 41
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    Transmission of NPV in uniform- and mixed-age populations ofHeliothis zea [Lep: Noctuidae] on caged soybean (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; baculovirus ; Heliothis zea ; soybean ; virus transmission ; Virus de polyédrose nucléaire ; baculovirus ; Heliothis zea ; soja ; transmission d'un virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La transmission d'un virus de polyédroses nucléaires (NPV) a été examinée dans des populations deHeliothis zea (Boddie) de même âge et dans des populations deHeliothis zea d'âges variés relâchées sur du soja en cages. Des collections de larves ont montré des incidents d'infection virale dans tous les traitements après la remise en liberté des larves infectées (les lères larves infectées). La transmission du NPV dans des populations de même âge a été relative à la densité des lères larves infectées qui ont été relâchées dans la population mais n'a pas été relative à la taille, au moment de leur mort, des lères larves infectées (P〈0.05). Dans des populations d'âges variés, la transmission horizontale chez les larves les plus âgées de la population a été égale à celle des populations de même âge, à condition que les lères larves infectées dans la population d'âges variés aient été toutes de même âge que les membres noninfectés les plus âgés de la population. A mesure que la population d'âges variés vieillit, la transmission augmente et est, en général, plus élevée que celle des populations de même âge. La transmission a été aussi plus élevée quand les lères larves infectées étaient de taille moyenne au moment de leur mort que lorsqu'elles étaient de taille petite ou grande au moment de leur mort. La concentration du virus déposée sur le feuillage et dans le sol après la mort de toutes les larves a été mise en corrélation avec la densité des lères larves infectées qui ont été relâchées. La concentration du virus dans le sol, mais pas sur le feuillage, a été mise en corrélation avec la taille, au moment de leur mort des lères larves infectées qui ont été relâchées.
    Notes: Abstract Transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) was examined in uniformaged and uniform- vs mixed-age populations ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) on caged soybean. Larval collections revealed viral disease outbreaks occurred in all treatments following release of infected larvae (Primary infected larvae). Transmission of NPV in uniform-aged populations was related to the density of primary infected larvae released in the population but not to the size at death of primary infected larvae (P〈0.05). In mixed-age populations horizontal transmission in the oldest larvae in the population was equal to that in uniform-aged populations, providing that primary infected larvae in the mixed-aged population were all the age of the oldest noninfected cohorts. As the mixed-age population aged, transmission increased and was generally higher than that in the uniform-aged populations. Transmission was also higher when primary infected larvae were medium sized at death than when small or large at death. The concentration of virus deposited on foliage and in soil after all larvae had died on plants was related to density of primary infected larvae released. In soil, but not on foliage, the virus concentration was related to the size at death of primary infected larvae released.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372448
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    Relationship of mycorrhizal growth enhancement and plant growth with soil water and texture (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glomus ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soybean plants were grown in pots with or without vesicular-arbuscular myocorrhizal (VAM) fungi in three soils of low plant-available P content, different texture and different water-holding capacities. Mineral nutrients, except P, were provided in a complete nutrient solution. The biomass of non-VAM plants was positively and fungal colonization negatively correlated with increasingly coarse soil texture. There was no correlation of soil P with host or endophyte growth. Plant growth enhancement was positively correlated with soil water content at −1.5 MPa. These observations suggest soil water status and the mycorrhizal condition interact in influencing plant growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374337
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    Graft-induced changes in soybean storage proteins. I. Appearance of the changes (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; grafting ; storage protein ; 11S acidic subunit ; Kunitz trypsin inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic changes induced by grafting were observed in soybean storage proteins, involving the 11S acidic subunit composition and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Changes from Gly 1 Gly 1to Gly 1 gly 1involved the 11S acidic subunit, and those from Ti 0Ti0 to Ti 3Ti0 involved the KTI in the first progeny (G1S1) in the scion (Gly 1 Gly 1 Ti 0Ti0, var. Kinzu) grafted onto var. Raiden (gly 1 gly 1 Ti 3 Ti 3). The progenies G1S2 and G2S1 from the seeds that had been changed segregated for both proteins. However, the segregation ratio in the progenies were different from those of the F2's from the sexual crosses between Kinzu and Raiden used for grafting. These findings show that the changes (changed genes) were transmitted to the progenies in an unstable manner.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021847
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    Multivariate analysis of a collection of soybean cultivars for southwestern Spain (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; variation ; varietal stability ; multivariate techniques ; clustering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Multivariate techniques were used to classify 125 soybean lines into clusters. Late maturing varieties belonging to maturity group III showed the best adaptation to the ecological conditions of the area when soybeans were sown at early planting dates. A group of experimental lines, the majority of which had semideterminate stem termination with small leaflets and intermediate maturity, were highly productive when grown as a second crop. Some lines of other groups were identified as likely parents for use in a breeding program to improve agronomic characteristics. The identified groups were quite stable in their performance through changes in environmental conditions (years and planting dates). The analyses indicated that some intercorrelated traits can be omitted in future line evaluation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022870
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    An intersubgeneric hybrid between Glycine tomentella Hayata and the soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; Glycine tomentella ; interspecific hybrid ; wide hybridization ; immature seed culture ; soybeans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The objective of the present paper is to provide information on the morphology and cytology of an intersub-generic hybrid (2n=59) between Glycine tomentella Hayata (2n=78) and G. max (L.) Merr. (2n=40) obtained through in vitro immature seed culture. The hybrid plant was slow in vegetative growth and twinning like the female parent but morphologically was intermediate between both parents for several traits. At metaphase I, the average chromosome associations and ranges for 25 cells were 44.0 I (37–51)+7.5 II (3–11). The plant was completely pollen and seed sterile. The present investigation suggests that wild perennial Glycine species can be exploited as either the male or female parent in wide hybridization programs with the soybean, G. max.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022878
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    Transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus inHeliothis zea [Lep.: Noctuidae] larval populations on soybean (1985)
    Springer
    BioControl 30 (1985), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; baculovirus ; Heliothis zea ; soybean ; virus transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La transmission d'un Virus de Polyhédroses Nucléaires (NPV) chezHeliothis zea sur soja a été examinée. Des contaminations artificielles deH. zea ont été réalisées aux densités de 6.5, 19.5 et 58.5 larves/rangée-m. Des larves supplémentaires inoculées de NPV pour mourir au 2e stade larvaire ont été relâchées dans des subdivisions d'un champ pour simuler des niveaux de mortalité de 5 et de 25%. La transmission du virus des larves infectées aux larves non infectées a été mise en corrélation avec l'incidence initiale de l'infection dans la population, mais pas avec la densité des larves/rangée-m. Le dépôt de virus sur les plantes à partir des cadavres de larves mortes de l'infection virale a été mis en corrélation avec la densité de larves/rangée-m et l'incidence initiale de l'infection dans les populations. Après la chrysalidation des larves dans la première population, seules des larves non-infectées ont été de nouveau relâchées pour examiner la transmission del'inoculum du virus restant sur les plantes et dans le sol. Le pourcentage de mortalité des larves récoltées de ce deuxième lâcher était peu élevé et n'a pas différé de manière significative entre les traitements. La concentration du virus sur le feuillage et dans le sol après le deuxième lâcher a été mise directement en corrélation avec la densité de larves/rangée-m, mais pas avec l'incidence de l'infection dans la population du premier lâcher.
    Notes: Abstract Transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) inHeliothis zea (Boddie) on soybean was examinated. Artificial infestations ofH. zea were established at densities of 6.5, 19.5 and 58.5 larvae/row-m. Additional larvae infected to die from NPV in the 2nd stage were released into subplots to simulate 5 and 25% mortality levels. Virus transmission from infected to noninfected larvae was correlated with the initial incidence of infection in the population but not the density of larvae/row-m. Deposition of virus on plants from cadavers of larvae that died of virus infection was correlated with the initial incidence of infection in the populations and the density of larvae/row-m. After pupation of larvae in the 1st population, noninfected larvae only were again released to examine transmission of viral inoculum remaining on plants and soil. The percent mortality of larvae collected from the 2nd release was low and did not differ significantly between treatments. The concentration of virus on foliage and in soil after the 2nd release was directly correlated with density of larvae/row-m but not the incidence of infection within the population in the 1st release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372250
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