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  • Articles  (9)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (8)
  • 05.02. Data dissemination  (1)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
  • Creep observations and analysis
  • Wiley-AGU  (6)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (2)
  • EGU - Copernicus
  • Elsevier B.V.
  • Geological Society of America
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2024  (9)
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  • Articles  (9)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: We present the first three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic teleseismic P-wave tomography model of the upper mantle covering the entire Central Mediterranean. Compared to isotropic tomography, it is found that including the magnitude, azimuth, and, importantly, dip of seismic anisotropy in our inversions simplifies isotropic heterogeneity by reducing the magnitude of slow anomalies while yielding anisotropy patterns that are consistent with regional tectonics. The isotropic component of our preferred tomography model is dominated by numerous fast anomalies associated with retreating, stagnant, and detached slab segments. In contrast, relatively slower mantle structure is related to slab windows and the opening of back-arc basins. To better understand the complexities in slab geometry and their relationship to surface geological phenomenon, we present a 3D reconstruction of the main Central Mediterranean slabs down to 700 km based on our anisotropic model. P-wave seismic anisotropy is widespread in the Central Mediterranean upper mantle and is strongest at 200-300 km depth. The anisotropy patterns are interpreted as the result of asthenospheric material flowing primarily horizontally around the main slabs in response to pressure exerted by their mid-to-late Cenezoic horizontal motion, while sub-vertical anisotropy possibly reflects asthenospheric entrainment by descending lithosphere. Our results highlight the importance of anisotropic P-wave imaging for better constraining regional upper mantle geodynamics.
    Description: This study is supported by the ERC StG 758199 NEWTON.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023488
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Central Mediterranean ; P‐wave tomography ; mantle dynamics ; seismic anisotropy ; slab geometry ; subduction zone ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: The complex tectonic setting of the central-western Mediterranean has interested geoscientists for decades, but its geodynamic evolution remains a matter of debate. We rely on 807 seismometers from southern Europe and northern Africa to measure Rayleigh and Love phase velocities in the period range ∼5–200 s, based on teleseismic earthquakes and seismic ambient noise. By nonlinear joint inversion of the phase-velocity maps, we obtain a 3-D shear-wave velocity (VS) model of the study area. At shallow depths, our model correlates with surface geology and reveals the presence of a sedimentary cover in the Liguro-Provençal basin, as opposed to the Tyrrhenian basin where this is either very thin or absent. At ∼5-km depth, high velocities below the Magnaghi, Vavilov, and Marsili seamounts point to an exhumed, scarcely serpentinized mantle. These are replaced by lower velocities at larger depths, likely connected to the presence of partial melt. At 50–60-km depth, a very heterogeneous structure characterizes the Tyrrhenian basin, with low velocities pointing to the presence of fluids due to the lateral mantle inflow from the Ionian slab edges, and higher velocities associated with a relatively dry upper mantle. Such heterogeneity disappears at depths ≳75 km, replaced by more uniform velocities which are ∼2% lower than those found in the Liguro-Provençal basin. We infer that, at the same depths, the Tyrrhenian basin is characterized by a larger concentration of fluids and possibly higher temperatures.
    Description: The Grant to the Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR-Italy Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314-337 LEGGE 232/2016) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, Grant 57030312). Projekt DEAL. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under the Individual Research Project: SI 1748/4-1.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023267
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: We discuss two competing models for explaining the ground deformation associated with normal faulting earthquake in the brittle elastic upper crust. The classic elastic rebound theory is usually applied for all tectonic settings. In normal fault earthquakes, this model would predict a horizontal stretching eventually responsible for the elastic rebound at the earthquake. However, volumes mostly subside vertically during an extensional earthquake and the collapsed ground in the hanging wall is about one order of magnitude larger than the uplifted volumes of the surrounding hanging wall and footwall. The elastic rebound model would explain this asymmetry with a high horizontal elastic compressibility of the hanging wall and footwall absorbing the coseismic push. We rather suggest that the force activating normal fault earthquakes is mostly dictated by the sliding of the hanging wall, owing gravitational potential. The much larger coseismic subsidence with respect to the uplift can be explained by the closure at depth of a diffuse network of microfractures developed during the interseismic period. Since the horizontal stretching does not exist below ~1 km of depth, with the minimum horizontal stress tensor becoming positive below that depth, the development of a normal fault can be activated only by the vertical maximum stress tensor, i.e., the lithostatic load. The common fluids expulsion at the coseismic stage requires diffuse secondary permeability in the upper crust, in agreement with the presence of a diffuse network of microfractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE213
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Normal fault earthquakes; Graviquakes; Lithostatic load; Coseismic deformation; Fluid expulsion ; 04.07. Tectonophysics; ; 04.06. Seismology ; Tectonics ; Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: The prompt identification of faults responsible for moderate-to-large earthquakes is fundamental for understanding the likelihood of further, potentially damaging events. This is increasingly challenging when the activated fault is an offshore buried thrust, where neither coseismic surface ruptures nor GPS/InSAR deformation data are available after an earthquake. We show that on 9 November 2022, an Mw 5.5 earthquake offshore Pesaro ruptured a portion of the buried Northern Apennines thrust front (the Cornelia thrust system [CTS]). By post-processing and interpreting the seismic reflection profiles crossing this thrust system, we determined that the activated fault (CTS) is an arcuate 30-km-long, NW-SE striking, SW dipping thrust and that older structures at its footwall possibly influenced its position and geometry. The activation of adjacent segments of the thrust system is a plausible scenario that deserves to be further investigated to understand the full earthquake potential of this offshore seismogenic source.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022GL102299
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic reflection profiles ; Structural geology ; blind thrust ; buried fault ; earthquake sequence ; seismogenic fault ; subsurface modelling ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-08-29
    Description: Injecting volcanic gas into the air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels compared with background concentrations and may establish gas hazard conditions. This study reports the results of five stable isotope (i.e., δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2) surveys of airborne CO2 on Vulcano from August 2020 to November 2021. To measure CO2 in the air, a mobile laboratory was equipped with a laser-based spectrophotometer that can selectively detect different CO2 isotopologues. Volcanic CO2 has a different isotopic signature than atmospheric CO2 and both δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2 can help trace the injections of volcanic gases into the air. An isotopic mass balance model was developed for partitions CO2 between atmospheric background and volcanic CO2. The results of these studies show that volcanic CO2 emissions and atmospheric circulation deeply affected the concentration of CO2 in the air at Vulcano Porto. Studies of δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2 provide an estimate of volcanic CO2 in the air. These results help identify spatially some points of interest for mitigating volcanic gas emission-related hazards on Vulcano.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022JD037706
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: stable isotopes ; atmospheric carbon dioxide ; gas hazard ; geochemical modeling ; volcanic degassing ; volcanic crisis ; Vulcano, isole Eolie ; carbon dioxide ; volcanic gas emissions ; oxygen isotopes ; carbon isotopes ; CO2 ; air CO2 ; Spatial isotope monitoring enables the identification of the origin of CO2 in the air ; Calculating the stable isotope balances enables quantify the volcanic CO2 in the total CO2 in the air ; Significant changes in volcanic degassing increased air CO2 concentration and gas hazard on Vulcano – Italy – in 2021 ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 03.04. Chemical and biological ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: We analyzed 12 years of continuous seismic data acquired by two seismic stations in Central Apennines (Italy) with the aim to investigate the temporal variations of H/V spectral ratios. The two stations are located in the epicentral areas of the main strong motion earthquakes occurred in Central Italy in the last 12 years (L’Aquila 06 April 2009, Mw 6.1; Amatrice 24 August 2016, Mw 6.0; Visso 26 October 2016, Mw 5.9, and Norcia 30 October 2016, Mw 6.5). H/V ratios are computed both on continuous and earthquakes data recorded by the two stations. H/V ratios are subjected to abrupt changes after strong earthquakes. The results highlight that after strong shaking, there are remarkable drops of the peak frequencies (7%–10% of reduction). After this sudden decrease, the peak frequency slowly recovers to the initial value in a time ranging from a few months to a few years. We also observe a moderate frequency variation (of order of 2%–3%) linked to seasonal variations: the peak frequencies increase in the spring-summer months and decrease during the winter. The frequency changes after strong earthquakes have been interpreted in terms of velocity variations of the shallow layers. This effect must be taken into account for microzonation, geophysical, and engineering studies that are often carried out in the epicentral areas after strong earthquakes. H/V analysis over time proved to be a useful procedure for highlighting temporal changes relating to the properties of shallow layers of the propagation medium and could provide relevant information for the site characterization of permanent seismic stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023848
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: HV spectral ratio ; Site Effects ; HV resonant frequency ; temporal variations of HV spectral ratios ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: We model Coulomb stress transfer (CST) due to 30 strong earthquakes occurring on normal faults since 1509 CE in Calabria, Italy, including the influence of interseismic loading, and compare the results to existing studies of stress interaction from the Central and Southern Apennines, Italy. The three normal fault systems have different geometries and long-term slip-rates. We investigate the extent to which stress transfer can influence the occurrence of future earthquakes and what factors may govern the variability in earthquake recurrence in different fault systems. The Calabrian, Central Apennines, and Southern Apennines fault systems have 91%, 73%, and 70% of faults with mean positive cumulative CST in the time considered; this is due to fewer faults across strike, more across strike stress reductions, and greater along-strike spacing in the three regions respectively. In regions with close along strike spacing or few faults across strike, such as Calabria and Southern Apennines, the stress loading history is mostly dominated by interseismic loading and most faults are positively stressed before an earthquake occur on them (96% of all faults that ruptured in Calabria; 94% of faults in Southern Apennines), and some of the strongest earthquakes occur on faults with the highest mean cumulative stress of all faults prior to the earthquake. In the Central Apennines, where across strike interactions are the predominant process, 79% of earthquakes occur on faults positively stressed. The results highlight that fault system geometry plays a central role in characterizing the stress evolution associated with earthquake recurrence.
    Description: This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (Grant NE/L002485/1) to Claudia Sgambato. Original development of the 3D-faults code was supported by NERC PhD Studentship NE/L501700/1 and JSPS Short Term Fellowship PE15776 to Zoë Mildon.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JB026496
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fault interaction ; Tectonics of Calabria ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Il progetto di ASL “Studiare i terremoti con un sismografo didattico” ha come obiettivo la sensibilizzazione degli studenti sui temi della pericolosità e del rischio sismico tramite un coinvolgimento attivo nello studio dei terremoti. I temi che riguardano la prevenzione del rischio sismico sono infatti solitamente trattati nelle scuole attraverso i canali tradizionali della divulgazione scientifica, ovvero tramite seminari e conferenze in cui gli studenti svolgono esclusivamente un ruolo passivo. Tuttavia numerosi studi sulla didattica delle materie scientifiche [Struyf et al., 2019; Anderson, 2007; Brush & Sye, 2000] evidenziano il contributo positivo delle attività pratiche nell’apprendimento delle 74 discipline STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics). Lo scopo principale di questo progetto è rendere gli studenti protagonisti di un processo cognitivo caratterizzato dall’esperienza diretta che rappresenta un modo efficace per consolidare l’apprendimento nel medio e lungo termine [Liu et al., 2011]. Il progetto si divide in due task principali: la costruzione di un sismometro orizzontale (garden gate) e la formazione di competenze informatiche e sismologiche per acquisire ed elaborare i segnali sismici. È stato concepito come progetto pilota di uno piú ampio e ambizioso per realizzare una rete sismometrica scolastica. Il progetto del sismometro, basato sull’utilizzo di piattaforme hardware e software open source, potrebbe infatti essere replicato con costi contenuti e installato in altre scuole del territorio regionale o nazionale. Il successo della sismologia in ambito scolastico è testimoniata dal diffondersi di esperienze analoghe che, negli ultimi anni, sono state condotte principalmente all’estero: ad esempio i progetti PEPP ­ Princeton Earth Physics Project (USA) [Steinberg and Phinney, 2000], EduSeis ­ The Educational Seismograph Project (Francia, Italia) [Cantore et al., 2005], O3E ­ Observation de l’Environnement à but Éducatif pour l’École (Francia) [Aufeuvre et al., 2009], SAE ­ Sismos à l’Ecole (Francia) [Courboulex et al., 2012], Seismology at School (Regno Unito) [Denton, 2008] e più recentemente AuSIS ­ The Australian Seismometers in Schools (Australia) [Balfour et al., 2014]. Queste iniziative hanno evidenziato estremo entusiasmo da parte di docenti e studenti verso il monitoraggio sismico a carattere didattico anche in territori in cui l’attività sismica è molto sporadica. La scuola che ha aderito alla proposta è il Polo Scientifico Tecnico Professionale E. Fermi – G. Giorgi di Lucca che comprende sia Liceo Scientifico che Istituti Tecnici con indirizzi di meccanica, elettronica e informatica. Questa pluralità di indirizzi ha consentito di individuare studenti con le competenze necessarie alla realizzazione del progetto. Un gruppo ristretto di alunni selezionati tra le classi V degli Istituti tecnici ha curato la messa in opera del sismometro mentre gli studenti di una intera classe IV del Liceo scientifico hanno seguito lezioni per acquisire competenze sull’analisi del segnale sismico. Il progetto ha avuto un successo parziale. Il sismometro è stato progettato e realizzato in tutte le sue componenti e la scuola ha finanziato la costruzione di due copie del prototipo. Gli strumenti sono stati presentati in occasione della Notte Europea dei Ricercatori a Lucca nel Settembre 2019. Tuttavia l’installazione dei sismometri all’interno del plesso scolastico non è stata ancora completata. Il lavoro svolto con la classe del Liceo Scientifico è stato meno produttivo. Le principali motivazioni che hanno impedito di conseguire i risultati attesi sono: la scarsa motivazione degli studenti, le difficoltà tecniche incontrate per effettuare le lezioni di informatica per l’analisi dei segnali sismici, un numero insufficiente di ore per acquisire le competenze base di programmazione. Teniamo a precisare inoltre che, nel pieno dello spirito dei progetti “Alternanza Scuola Lavoro” e come coronamento del progetto, uno degli studenti che hanno preso parte alla progettazione del sismometro è risultato vincitore di un bando di selezione e quindi assunto come collaboratore tecnico a tempo determinato presso la Sezione di Pisa dell’INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 73-97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Percorsi formativi ; Analisi sismogrammi ; Sismologia sperimentale ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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