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  • Elsevier  (225,940)
  • American Physical Society  (41,073)
  • PANGAEA  (35,513)
  • 2020-2024  (55,898)
  • 1975-1979  (172,437)
  • 1960-1964  (52,170)
  • 1955-1959  (22,021)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
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    TANGAROA cruise report and results (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    Illustration of Mn nodules (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 3
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    Figures of: Manganese pavements on the Blake Plateau (1961)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 4
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    Fig. 3-6 Manganese nodules (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 5
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    Vema Cruise 16 - Preliminary Megascopic Descriptions of Split Cores (Unpublished) (1960)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 6
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    Results of the sorting of the mikronekton and zooplankton material sampled by the German Antarctic Expedition 1975/76 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
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    Mikrobiologisch-ökologische Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Flüssen Schleswig-Holsteins - Zusammenstellung der Daten (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 8
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    Spurenmetall-Untersuchungen in den Förden der Kieler Bucht - Datenbericht von 1977/78 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 66, 38 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 9
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    Chat moss, Lancashire (1964)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Manchester Literay and Philosophical Society, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 106, pp. 22-45
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Die spätglaziale und postglaziale Vegetationsentwicklung der Berner-Alpen und -Voralpen und des Walliser Haupttales (1958)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel in Zürich, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 34, pp. 150-158
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    PÓZNOGLACJALNA I HOLOCEŃSKA HISTORIA ROŚLINNOŚCI GÓR ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKICH (The History of the Late Glacial and Holocene Vegetation of the Holy Cross Mountains (1961)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Polska Akdademia Nauk, Instytut Botaniki, II(2), Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 56 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 12
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    Minéralogie, composition chimique et milieux de sédimentation de concrétions polymétalliques (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Figure 1 of 'A polygenetic manganese nodule from the Scott Plateau off northwest Australia' (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 14
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    Data on the geochemistry of manganese nodules from the Indian Ocean. Geokhimiya 5, 493-499 (1963)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-29
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 15
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    Sédimentation dans l’océan Indien Central (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 16
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    Baltic Sea ferromanganese concretions (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 17
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    eep-sea sediments and manganese nodules from the Southern Tasman Sea (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 18
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    Fig 1 - Position of regions analyzed for radium content inside a manganese nodule of Albatross 1904-1905 - Station 4658 (1955)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
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    Economic aspects of nodule mining (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 20
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    Liste der Mikronekton- und Zooplanktonfänge der 2. Deutschen Antarktis-Expedition 1977/78 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    Beginn und Form der Plaggenwirtschaft in Nordwestdeutschland nach pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen in Ostfriesland (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Neue Ausgarbungen und Forschungen in Niedersachsen, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 10, pp. 197-224
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 22
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    Late-glacial deposits near Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire (1964)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Transactions of the Dumfriesshire ..., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 23
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    Pollen Analysis of Four Samples from the River Annan, Dumfriesshire (1964)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 24
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    Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen von Mooren zur spät- und postglazialen Vegetationsgeschichte im Einzugsgebiet der Traun (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Jahrbuch der Geologische Bundesanstalt, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 120(1), pp. 131-163
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Problems of Paleohydrology (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Nauka, Moscow, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 296 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 26
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    Beobachtungen zur Produktionsbiologie des Planktions in der Kieler Bucht: 1957-1957 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 27
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    Assimilatory pigments from subfossil fir needles (Abies alba Mill.) (1963)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONTAE Vol. XXXII Nr 1., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 28
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    Massenhaushaltswerte von Hintereisferner und Kesselwandferner 1968/69 - 1974/75 (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 29
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    Vorhaben Erprobungsfahrt SO-3/II mit MS "Sonne" Nordsee-Biskaya 20.4 - 1.5.1978 Fahrtbericht (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 30
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    Karte: Nördliches Bockkar Kees 1979 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 31
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    Anwendungen der Forschungstauchens in der Geologie: Beispiele aus der Kieler Tauchgruppe (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 32
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    Untersuchungen zur spätglazialen und frühpostglazialen Floren und Vegetationsgeschichte einiger Mittelgebirge (Fichtelgebirge, Harz und Rhön) (1957)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Flora, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 145, pp. 167-211
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 33
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    Tectonic fabric and hydrothermal activity of Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 34
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    Chemistry of Pacific pelagic sediments, figure 9A (1958)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 35
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    The Earth Beneath the Sea (1963)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 36
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    Figures of concretions from Shebandowan Lakes (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 37
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    Photos and photo cards of the ENIWETOK Operation (1959)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 38
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    Manganese nodule and Perotrochus beyrichii (1955)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 39
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    O vybore metodiki mineralogicheskogo analiza peschano-alevritovykh fraktsyj morskikh donnykh osadkov (On choice of a method for mineralogical analysis of sandy-aleuritic franctions of marine bottom sediments) (1961)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Transactions (Trudy) of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology USSR Acad. Sci., 1961. Vol. 50, p., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, pp. 170-183
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 40
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    Rohkupferfunde vor Helgoland (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Offa, Berichte und Mitteilungen zur Urgeschichte, Frühgeschichte und Mittelalterarchäologie, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 35, pp. 11-35
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
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    METEOR Cruise overview M46 (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 42
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    METEOR Cruise overview M39 (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 43
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    METEOR Cruise overview M40 (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 44
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    METEOR Cruise overview M43 (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 45
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    METEOR Cruise overview M49 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    METEOR Cruise overview M48 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    METEOR Cruise overview M50 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    METEOR Cruise overview M47 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    METEOR Cruise overview M36 (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    METEOR Cruise overview M42 (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    METEOR Cruise overview M45 (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    METEOR Cruise overview M44 (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 53
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    Fahrtbericht F.S. Poseidon, Fahrt Nr. 21b (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 54
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    Forschungsschiff "Meteor" (1964)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Ergänzungsheft Reihe A (8°), Nr. 5 zur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift, Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 55
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    Determination of proteins from sediment samples (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254, doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76), Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, pp. 90527-3
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 56
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    METEOR Cruise overview M38 (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 57
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    METEOR Cruise overview M37 (1975)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 58
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    METEOR Cruise overview M41 (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 59
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    50 Fahrten des Forschungsschiffes "Meteor" (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 180 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 60
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    Kupfer-Verhüttung auf Helgoland zur Wikinger-Zeit (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Umschau, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 12, pp. 390-39
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 61
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    Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Vegetations- und Siedlungsgeschichte bei Flögeln und im Ahlenmoor (Elb-Weser-Winkel) (1976)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Probleme der Küstenforschung im südlichen Nordseegebiet, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 11, pp. 101-118
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 62
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    Liste der Mikronekton- und Zooplanktonfänge der deutschen Antarktis-Expedition 1975/1976 (1978)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 63
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    Standardpollendiagramme und C14-Datierungen aus dem Ageröds Mosse im mittleren Schonen (1964)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3LUNDS UNIVERSITETS ÄRSSKRIFT. N.F. Avd. 2. Bd 59. Nr 7., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    AUGALIJOS RAIDA VELYVAJAME LEDYNMETYJE IR POLEDYNMETYJE IETUVOS IR PIETINES LATVIJOS PAJURIO ZONOJE, LIETUVOS TSR GEOGRAFINE DRAUGUA, GEOGRAFINIS METRASTIS, H t., 1959 (1959)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 65
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    Botanisch-moorkundliche Untersuchungen in Nordfriesland - Ein Beitrag zur Frage nach dem zeitlichen Ablauf der Meeresspiegelschwankungen (1962)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Die erneute moorkundlich-pollenanalytische Bearbeitung Nordfrieslands galten u.a. der Klärung folgender Fragen: 1. Sind die in größerer Entfernung von der Küste gewonnenen Erfahrungen über den Verlauf der Waldgeschichte der Nacheiszeit ohne weiteres auf die marschen zu Übertragen? 2. Welche Einflüsse der Meeresüberflutungen auf die Entwicklung der Moore und ihrer Vegetation lassen sich feststellen ? 3. Wie ist der zeitliche Ablauf der postglazialen Meeresspiegelschwankungen in Nordfriesland, und ist es möglich, Fehldatierungen auszuschließen, welche durch Abtragung, Umlagerung oder Durchmischung der in das Marschprofil eingeschlossenen pollenführenden Moorschichten bedingt sind?
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 66
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    GPS Measurements in the Neapolitan Volcanic Area (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: The surveillance of the Neapolitan volcanic area (Mt. Vesuvius, the Phlegrean Fields and the island of Ischia) represents the principal activity of the Osservatorio Vesuviano. Such an activity is carried out also through the study of ground deformations. This study deals with the use of the GPS as a powerful topographic technique. In the last two years, three GPS networks in the above mentioned area were established, with 8 vertices at Mt. Vesuvius, 20 vertices in the Island of Ischia and 30 vertices in the Phlegrean Fields. In Mt. Vesuvius area a GPS test was carried out, in order to verify the possibility of the installation of a network of GPS permanent stations. In the island of Ischia, three diferent GPS techniques (Static, Fast Static and RTK-Real Time Kinematics) have been used to get a first set of coordinates and to carry out a comparison between these in small extension areas. GPS data of the Phlegrean Fields are still in processing. The results for Mt. Vesuvius area and the island of Ischia are hereby presented and discussed.
    Description: Osservatorio Vesuviano - Napoli, Italy DISTART - Università di Bologna, Italy Università della Calabria - Cosenza, Italy Dipartimento di Costruzioni e Trasporti - Università di Padova, Italy
    Description: Published
    Description: 705-711
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GPS, Geodetical Networks, Static, Fast Static and RTK Survey ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 67
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    The implications of revised Quaternary palaeoshoreline chronologies for the rates of active extension and uplift in the upper plate of subduction zones (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: We demonstrate a synchronous correlation technique to determine the chronology of Quaternary palaeoshorelines to test proposed relationships between tectonics, climate and sea-level change. The elevations of marine palaeoshorelines in Calabria around the active Vibo normal fault have been measured from TIN DEM 10 m data and fieldwork and correlated with global sea-level curves. A synchronous correlation method and new U/Th dates are used to ascertain how the slip-rate on the fault relates to uplift rates across the region. Regional uplift, possibly associated with subduction along the Calabrian trench or due to the cumulative effect of closely-spaced active normal faults, is rapid enough to uplift even the hangingwall of the Vibo normal fault; the actual value for the rate of background uplift can only be ascertained once the rate of slip on the Vibo fault is subtracted. Synchronous correlation of multiple palaeoshorelines sampled along 29 elevation profiles with global sea-levels shows that the resultant uplift rate (background uplift minus local hangingwall subsidence) is constant through time from 0 to 340 ka, and not fluctuating by a factor of 4 as previously suggested. The uplift rate increases from 0.4 mm/yr at the centre of the hangingwall of the fault to 1.75 mm/yr in the hangingwall in the vicinity of the fault tip. Palaeoshorelines can be traced from the hangingwall to the footwall around the fault tip and hence correlated across the fault. The throw-rate on the fault averaged over 340 ka decreases from a maximum at the centre of the fault (1 mm/yr) to zero at the tip. This gradient in throw-rate explains the spatial variation in resultant uplift rates along the fault. We interpret the 1.75 mm/yr resultant uplift rate at and beyond the fault tip as the signature of a regional uplift, presumably related to subduction, although we cannot exclude the possibility that other local faults influence this uplift; the lower uplift rates in the hangingwall of the fault are due to interaction between “regional” uplift and subsidence associated with the local active normal faulting. We discuss (a) how our synchronous correlation technique should trigger a re-appraisal of palaeoshoreline chronologies worldwide, and (b) the implications for the tectonics and seismic hazard of Calabria, suggesting that perturbations in the uplift-rate field are a key criterion to map the locations of active faults, their deformation rates, and hence seismic hazard above subduction zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 169-187
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active faults; Palaeoshorelines; Quaternary sea-level; Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Neogene-Quaternary slow coastal uplift of Western Europe through the perspective of sequences of strandlines from the Cotentin Peninsula (Normandy, France) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The Cotentin Peninsula (Normandy, France) displays sequences of marine terraces and rasas, the latter being wide Late Cenozoic coastal erosion surfaces, that are typical of Western European coasts in Portugal, Spain, France and southern England. Remote sensing imagery and field mapping enabled reappraisal of the Cotentin coastal sequences. From bottom to top, the N Cotentin sequence includes four previously recognized Pleistocene marine terraces (T1 to T4) at elevations 〈 40 m as well as four higher and older rasas (R1 to R4) reaching 200 ± 5 m in elevation. Low-standing marine terraces are not observed in the central part of the Peninsula and a limited number of terraces are described to the south. The high-standing rasas are widespread all over the peninsula. Such strandline distributions reveal major changes during the Late Cenozoic. Progressive uplift of an irregular sea-floor led to subaerial exposure of bathymetric highs that were carved into rocky platforms, rasas and marine terraces. Eventually, five main islands coalesced and connected to the mainland to the south to form the Cotentin Peninsula. On the basis of previous dating of the last interglacial maximum terrace (i.e. Marine Isotopic Stage, MIS 5e), sequential morphostratigraphy and modelling, we have reappraised uplift rates and derived: (i) mean Upper Pleistocene (i.e. since MIS 5e ~ 122 +/− 6 ka, i.e. kilo annum) apparent uplift rates of 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/yr, (ii) mean Middle Pleistocene eustasy-corrected uplift rates of 0.09 ± 0.03 mm/yr, and (iii) low mean Pleistocene uplift rates of 0.01 mm/yr. Extrapolations of these slow rates combined with geological evidence implies that the formation of the sequences from the Cotentin Peninsula occurred between 3 Ma (Pliocene) and 15 Ma (Miocene), which cannot be narrowed down further without additional research. Along the coasts of Western Europe, sequences of marine terraces and rasas are widespread (169 preserve the MIS 5e benchmark). In Spain, Portugal, S England and other parts of western France, the sequences morphostratigraphy is very similar to that of Cotentin. The onset of such Western European sequences occurred during the Miocene (e.g. Spain) or Pliocene (e.g. Portugal). We interpret this Neogene-Quaternary coastal uplift as a symptom of the increasing lithospheric compression that accompanies Cenozoic orogenies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 338-356
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Cotentin and Western Europe; Marine terrace; Neogene and Quaternary coastal uplift; Rasa
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The LAMA system: A “smart” magnetometer network for harbour protection (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-18
    Description: This work describes the development of an underwater anti-intrusion system based on a magnetometer self-informed network, whose purpose is to detect the presence of threats in the proximity of critical infrastructures (e.g, terrorist divers in harbours). In this context, the magnetic network fills the gaps of sonar systems at the critical boundaries of the water volume to be controlled (sea bed, docks, …), where acoustic performances deteriorate due to reflections and attenuations. The system operates in a port-protection scenario, characterized by a medium-high environmental magnetic noise that can hide the diver signal (a diver is a weak, quasi-point-like, moving source). The magnetometer network processes two inputs: the environmental magnetic noise and a signal including the target magnetic signal superimposed to the same noise; the frequencies of a diver signal lie within the noise band, hence frequency filtering proves inadequate for noise removal. The basic idea underlying the system is to measure and use the noise itself to filter the overall signal; measuring noise supports a background-subtraction process that allows to extract the target signal and therefore detect the threat presence. The effectiveness of the procedure depends on the positions of magnetometers: sensors must be close enough to one another to measure the common background noise, and, at the same time, should be distant enough from one another so that just one sensor can measure the target signal. To generate alarms when a threat is detected, a real-time software application processes data and activates a visual and acoustic alarm upon identification of a magnetic anomaly. Sea trials carried out in port areas provided extremely satisfactory results in the detection of intruders. The paper presents experimental results obtained during the method validation tests, when intruders were moving in the surrounding undersea environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104743
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 70
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    Fault systems in the offshore sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): Implications for nested caldera structure, resurgent dome, and volcano-tectonic evolution (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-18
    Description: The structure of a caldera may influence its activity, making its understanding crucial for hazard assessment. Here, we analysed high-resolution seismic profiles in the Campi Flegrei (southern Italy) offshore sector. We recognised two main fault systems, including those associated with the formation of the caldera and those affecting the resurgent dome. The former system comprises three broadly concentric fault zones (inner, medial and outer ring fault zones) depicting a nested caldera geometry. Considering the relations between faults and seismic units that represent the marine and volcaniclastic successions filling the caldera, all ring faults were formed during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (40 ka) and subsequently reactivated during the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption (15 ka). In this last caldera-forming event, the inner and medial fault zones accommodated most of the collapse and were episodically reactivated during the younger volcano-tectonic activity. The second fault system occurs in the apical zone of the resurgent dome and comprises dominantly high-angle normal faults that are mainly related to the volcanotectonic collapse that followed the Agnano-Monte Spina Plinian eruption (4.55 ka). Finally, we provide a volcano-tectonic evolutionary model of the last 40 kyr, considering the interplay among ring and dome faults activity, volcaniclastic sedimentation, ground deformation and sea-level changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104723
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 71
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    Reply to: Comment by A. Argnani on the paper: “The Strait of Messina: Seismotectonics and the source of the 1908 earthquake” (Earth-Science Reviews 218, 2021, 103,685) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Argnani (2021, hereinafter ARG2021) commented on the paper by Barreca et al. (2021, hereinafter BRC2021) titled: “The Strait of Messina: Seismotectonics and the source of the 1908 earthquake”, in which a new seismotectonic model and constraints on the possible source fault (the so-called W-Fault) for the 1908 disastrous seismic event were provided. Results from BRC2021 led to a revision of most of the previously published papers on the issue. ARG2021 commented both on the recent activity of the W-Fault and even about its existence in the offshore. In fact, according to the author's inferences: “it may belong to a fault system that is no longer active” and, contradictorily, “the offshore occurrence of the W-Fault is not supported by the data”. The comment is mostly based on a new tectonic interpretation that the author performed directly on the BRC2021 figures, where the offshore portion of the W-fault is illustrated. In this reply, we demonstrate that the interpretation provided by ARG2021 is affected by several oversights that led the author to erroneous conclusions about the issue. Accordingly, we strongly confirm both the occurrence of the W-Fault in the offshore and the present-day activity of this structure, the only active fault capable of producing large earthquakes in the Strait of Messina area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103962
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 72
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    How a water-resources crisis highlights social-ecological disconnects (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Water Research, Elsevier, 194, pp. 116937-116937, ISSN: 0043-1354
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: The sustainable management of water resources is required to avoid water scarcity becoming widespread. This article explores the potential application of a social-ecological framework, used predominantly in the fields of ecology and conservation, as a tool to improve the sustainability and resilience of water resources. The "red-loop green-loop" (RL-GL) model has previously been used to map both sustainable and unsustainable social-ecological feedbacks between ecosystems and their communities in countries such as Sweden and Jamaica. In this article, we demonstrate the novel application of the RL-GL framework to water resources management using the 2017/18 Cape Town water crisis. We used the framework to analyse the social-ecological dynamics of pre-crisis and planned contingency scenarios. We found that the water resources management system was almost solely reliant on a single, non-ecosystem form of infrastructure, the provincial dam system. As prolonged drought impacted this key water resource, resilience to resource collapse was shown to be low and a missing feedback between the water resource and the Cape Town community was highlighted. The collapse of water resources ("Day Zero") was averted through a combination of government and community group led measures, incorporating both local ecosystem (green-loop) and non-local ecosystem (red-loop) forms of water resource management, and increased rainfall returning to the area. Additional disaster management plans proposed by the municipality included the tighter integration of red and green-loop water management approaches, which acted to foster a stronger connection between the Cape Town community and their water resources. We advocate the wider development and application of the RL-GL model, theoretically and empirically, to investigate missing feedbacks between water resources and their communities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 73
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    Leverage points for addressing marine and coastal pollution: A review (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 167, pp. 112263-112263, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: Despite an increasing understanding of the issue of marine pollution, humanity continues on a largely unsustainable trajectory. This study aimed to identify and classify the range of scientific studies and interventions to address coastal and marine pollution. We reviewed 2417 scientific papers published between 2000 and 2018, 741 of which we analysed in depth. To classify pollution interventions, we applied the systems-oriented concept of leverage points, which focuses on places to intervene in complex systems to bring about systemic change. We found that pollution is largely studied as a technical problem and fewer studies engage with pollution as a systemic social-ecological issue. While recognising the importance of technical solutions, we highlight the need to focus on under-researched areas pertaining to the deeper drivers of pollution (e.g. institutions, values) which are needed to fundamentally alter system trajectories.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 74
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    Do toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species pose a threat to aquaculture in the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system? (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 99, pp. 101919, ISSN: 15689883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: The productive but highly exposed coastline of the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system offers limited natural environment for aquaculture. Saldanha Bay located on the west coast of South Africa is one of the few embayments on the coastline that provides a productive and relatively sheltered environment suitable for the cultivation of shellfish. Consequently, bivalve culture in South Africa is centered in Saldanha Bay and is presently targeted for expansion. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms including toxin-producing species are shown to contribute significantly to the phytoplankton of Saldanha Bay specifically in spring and summer. Their dominance at this time of the year, when upwelling is strongest, fits the ecological profile of Pseudo-nitzschia occurring during periods of high turbulence and nutrients. Multiple Pseudo-nitzschia blooms were sampled under varying environmental conditions and the strength of the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance and particulate domoic acid (pDA) content, reflecting bloom toxicity, varied greatly. This variability is the result of the combined influence of species and strain composition of the Pseudo-nitzschia assemblage and the effect of environmental conditions on toxin production. Elevated levels of pDA were associated with higher concentrations of cells of the P. seriata complex differentiated by frustule width (〉3 µm). P. australis was identified as a toxin-producing species and a prominent member of the P. seriata complex. Low DA levels in shellfish in Saldanha Bay are considered a function of low cellular domoic acid (cDA). Silicate limitation has emerged as an important factor inducing DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia species. The high ratio of silicate to nitrate in Saldanha Bay provides a plausible explanation for the low toxin content of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the bay and the consequent low risk posed by these blooms to the aquaculture sector.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Late Holocene Ameghinomya antiqua shells from the Beagle Channel: A multi-proxy approach to palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Elsevier, 578, pp. 110574
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: It is important to understand the historical precedents of current situations to be able to anticipate where the current global environmental and climatic change may lead. Geo-historical data provide information beyond the limitations of instrumental data. This study aims to reconstruct components of the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental history of the Beagle Channel (BC) during the Late Holocene by using Ameghinomya antiqua shells. We use fossil and modern shells in a comparative analysis through a multiproxy approach, i.e., shell morphometrics, shell growth, and stable oxygen isotope ratios. A holistic analysis of all the proxies indicates that higher productivity occurred around 3542 yr B.P. in the BC, evidenced by more significant growth, size, and longevity in fossil specimens. In addition, smaller ligaments, cardinal teeth, and the pallial sinus in fossil specimens indicate a low-energy environment typical of a marine archipelago. Lastly, palaeotemperatures are estimated to be warmer than today, although the intensity may be overestimated due to the freshwater inflow that would change the salinity of the BC waters. Further analysis in Late-Holocene shells is essential for a more detailed environmental reconstruction around the southern tip of South America.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 76
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    Harmful algal blooms and their effects in coastal seas of Northern Europe (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, pp. 101989, ISSN: 15689883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: Harmful algal blooms (HAB) are recurrent phenomena in northern Europe along the coasts of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat-Skagerrak, eastern North Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. These HABs have caused occasional massive losses for the aquaculture industry and have chronically affected socioeconomic interests in several ways. This status review gives an overview of historical HAB events and summarises reports to the Harmful Algae Event Database from 1986 to the end of year 2019 and observations made in long term monitoring programmes of potentially harmful phytoplankton and of phycotoxins in bivalve shellfish. Major HAB taxa causing fish mortalities in the region include blooms of the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in northern Norway in 1991 and 2019, resulting in huge economic losses for fish farmers. A bloom of the prymesiophyte Prymnesium polylepis (syn. Chrysochromulina polylepis) in the Kattegat-Skagerrak in 1988 was ecosystem disruptive. Blooms of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis spp. have caused accumulations of foam on beaches in the southwestern North Sea and Wadden Sea coasts and shellfish mortality has been linked to their occurrence. Mortality of shellfish linked to HAB events has been observed in estuarine waters associated with influx of water from the southern North Sea. The first bloom of the dictyochophyte genus Pseudochattonella was observed in 1998, and since then such blooms have been observed in high cell densities in spring causing fish mortalities some years. Dinoflagellates, primarily Dinophysis spp., intermittently yield concentrations of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, above regulatory limits along the coasts of Norway, Denmark and the Swedish west coast. On average, DST levels in shellfish have decreased along the Swedish and Norwegian Skagerrak coasts since approximately 2006, coinciding with a decrease in the cell abundance of D. acuta. Among dinoflagellates, Alexandrium species are the major source of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) in the region. PST concentrations above regulatory levels were rare in the Skagerrak-Kattegat during the three decadal review period, but frequent and often abundant findings of Alexandrium resting cysts in surface sediments indicate a high potential risk for blooms. PST levels often above regulatory limits along the west coast of Norway are associated with A. catenella (ribotype Group 1) as the main toxin producer. Other Alexandrium species, such as A. ostenfeldii and A. minutum, are capable of producing PST among some populations but are usually not associated with PSP events in the region. The cell abundance of A. pseudogonyaulax, a producer of the ichthyotoxin goniodomin (GD),has increased in the Skagerrak-Kattegat since 2010, and may constitute an emerging threat. The dinoflagellate Azadinium spp. have been unequivocally linked to the presence of azaspiracid toxins (AZT) responsible for Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning (AZP) in northern Europe. These toxins were detected in bivalve shellfish at concentrations above regulatory limits for the first time in Norway in blue mussels in 2005 and in Sweden in blue mussels and oysters (Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas) in 2018. Certain members of the diatom genus Pseudonitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid and analogs known as Amnesic Shellfish Toxins (AST). Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia were common in the North Sea and the Skagerrak-Kattegat, but levels of AST in bivalve shellfish were rarely above regulatory limits during the review period. Summer cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea are a concern mainly for tourism by causing massive fouling of bathing water and beaches. Some of the cyanobacteria produce toxins, e.g. Nodularia spumigena producer of nodularin, which may be a human health problem and cause occasional dog mortalities. Coastal and shelf sea regions in northern Europe provide a key supply of seafood, socioeconomic well-being and ecosystem services. Increasing anthropogenic influence and climate change create environmental stressors causing shifts in the biogeography and intensity of HABs. Continued monitoring of HAB and phycotoxins and the operation of historical databases such as HAEDAT provide not only an ongoing status report but also provide a way to interpret causes and mechanisms of HABs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 77
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    Diversity and regional distribution of harmful algal events along the Atlantic margin of Europe (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, ISSN: 15689883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: The IOC-ICES-PICES Harmful Algal Event Database (HAEDAT) was used to describe the diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of harmful algal events along the Atlantic margin of Europe from 1987 - 2018. The majority of events recorded are caused by Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs). These events are recorded annually over a wide geographic area from southern Spain to northern Scotland and Iceland, and are responsible for annual closures of many shellfish harvesting areas. The dominant causative dinoflagellates, members of the morphospecies ‘Dinophysis acuminata complex’ and D. acuta, are common in the waters of the majority of countries affected. There are regional differences in the causative species associated with PST events; the coasts of Spain and Portugal with the dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum and Gymnodinium catenatum, north west France/south west England/south Ireland with A. minutum, and Scotland/Faroe Islands/Iceland with A. catenella. This can influence the duration and spatial scale of PST events as well as the toxicity of shellfish. The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis is the most widespread Domoic Acid (DA) producer, with records coming from Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland and the UK. Amnesic Shellfish Toxins (ASTs) have caused prolonged closures for the scallop fishing industry due to the slow depuration rate of DA. Amendments to EU shellfish hygiene regulations introduced between 2002 and 2005 facilitated end-product testing and sale of adductor muscle. This reduced the impact of ASTs on the scallop fishing industry and thus the number of recorded HAEDAT events. Azaspiracids (AZAs) are the most recent toxin group responsible for events to be characterised in the ICES area. Events associated with AZAs have a discrete distribution with the majority recorded along the west coast of Ireland. Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) has been an emerging issue in the Canary Islands and Madeira since 2004. The majority of aquaculture and wild fish mortality events are associated with blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi and raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo. Such fish killing events occur infrequently yet can cause significant mortalities. Interannual variability was observed in the annual number of HAEDAT areas with events associated with individual shellfish toxin groups. HABs represent a continued risk for the aquaculture industry along the Atlantic margin of Europe and along the Atlantic margin of Europe and should be accounted for when considering expansion of the industry or operational shifts to offshore areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 78
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    Parallel density scanned adaptive Kriging to improve local tsunami hazard assessment for coastal infrastructures (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Description: Seismic Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (SPTHA) is a framework for calculating the probability that seismically induced tsunami waves exceed a specific threshold height, over a given time span and a specific region (i.e. regional SPTHA) or site (i.e. local SPTHA). To account for the uncertainty of the possible sources, SPTHA must integrate the results of a large number of computationally demanding tsunami simulations In this work, we innovatively use Parallel density scanned Adaptive Kriging (P-ds AK) to overcome the computational efficiency challenge of local SPTHA within a framework that consists in modeling/retrieving the full spectrum of possible earthquake triggering events at the regional level, filtering sources not relevant for the target, adopting a clustering procedure to select “representative scenarios” for inundation modeling, and, finally, adopt P-ds AK to identify the clusters centroids that most influence the hazard intensity (i.e., wave height) in the areas of interest. This approach is applied in the area of the oil refinery located in Milazzo (Italy). The application shows a consistent reduction of the number of high-resolution tsunami simulations required for the evaluation of the hazard curves over a set of inland Point of Interest (PoIs), either concentrated in one specific area or distributed along the coast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108441
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 79
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    Soils developed on the Si-poor, alkali-rich pyroclastic rocks of the Colli Albani volcanic district (Central Italy): The effect of leucite, clinopyroxene and phlogopite on the base cations mobility (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-31
    Description: The Colli Albani volcanic district emplaced huge pyroclastic-flow deposits up to 20 m thick in the southeastern suburbs of the City of Rome. The soil quality onto the gentle slopes of the Colli Albani has certainly contribute to the growth of Ancient Rome, a city with one million inhabitants as early as 2000 years ago. Interestingly, the Colli Albani soils developed on K-foiditic pyroclastic rocks with peculiar low silica, high alkali and high CaO composition. In the past, the productivity of the Colli Albani soils was maximized without the understanding of the unique physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of these soils; now an in-depth knowledge of the Colli Albani soils is necessary to respond to the current and increasingly demand of sustainable soil use.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105430
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 80
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    Holocene aggradation history of the Murcia alluvial valley: Insights into early Rome's paleoenvironmental evolution (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-31
    Description: Through the analysis of seven 15 to 30 m deep boreholes drilled in the western sector of the Circus Maximus we reconstruct the aggradational history of one main tributary valley of the Tiber River in Rome, the Murcia Valley ( Vallis Murcia) .
    Description: Published
    Description: 44-53
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 81
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    MIS 13 and MIS 11 aggradational successions of the Paleo-Tiber delta: Geochronological constraints to sea-level fluctuations and to the Acheulean sites of Castel di Guido and Malagrotta (Rome, Italy) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-31
    Description: The Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) were never securely dated before. We have now 49 Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates which support corrrelations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. The analysis and comparisons of the two assemblages and comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido show a culturally transmitted pattern of technology that was shared by the craftsmen of the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 82
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    Hydrogeochemical multi-component approach to assess fluids upwelling and mixing in shallow carbonate-evaporitic aquifers (Contursi area, southern Apennines, Italy) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-04
    Description: With the aim of deepening our understanding of deep-seated fluids upwelling and mixing in large regional aquifers, we performed a hydrogeochemical study of twenty-two springs in the Contursi area (upper Sele river valley, southern Apennines) by means of the measurements of chemical-physical parameters, major ions, trace elements, and stable and radioactive isotopes. Besides, we realized two updated geo-structural cross-sections inorder to reconstruct the groundwater flowpath in the study area. The hydrogeochemical composition, as well a the water temperature allow to identify-three main groups of groundwater: Cold and Low salinity Groundwater (CLGW), Intermediate Salinity Groundwater (ISGW), and Thermal Salinity Groundwater (TSGW). The CLGW group, mostly emerging at the boundary of carbonate aquifers, is characterized by alkaline earth-bicarbonate hydrofacies. Instead, ISGW and TSGW, situated in the inner zone of the valley, show gradually a hydrogeochemical evolution towards sodium-chloride type hydrofacies domain with the highest salinity value. Stable isotope (δ18O-δD) of CLGW reveal the local meteoric origin of groundwater, while isotopic signatures of ISGW and TSGW is associated with the deep fluids inflow. CLGW hydrogeochemistry is clearly related to dissolution of carbonate rocks. On the other hand, for ISGW and TSGW an additional contribution from evaporitic rocks is supported by saturation indices values (gypsum and anhydrite) and validated by isotopic signature of dissolved sulphate (δ34S-δ18O). The application of two models based on tritium data (i.e., the piston-flow and well-mixed reservoir) attributes longer and deeper groundwater flowpaths to TSGW. Through geothermometric calculations (e,g., K-Mg and SiO2-quartz), the equilibrium temperature of deep fluids reservoir is also extrapolated (i.e., 75–96 ◦C). The results of the adopted hydrogeochemical multi-component approach allowed us to propose an interpretative model of groundwater flowpath for the Contursi area, where deep-seated tectonic discontinuities play a significant role for the upwelling of saline deep thermal fluids in shallow aquifers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 129258
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: fluids ; earthquakes ; crust ; geochemistry
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    A new procedure for evaluating light-to-moderate earthquake location based on InSAR data and forward modeling tested on Mediterranean area (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Description: We propose a procedure based on remote sensing Sentinel-1 InSAR data aiming at evaluating the variability of the moment tensor solutions provided by different agencies in case of light-to-moderate earthquake. We model the expected coseismic ground deformations from the available moment tensor solutions and compare them with the real ones retrieved with the InSAR data. Any differences between location and intensity of simulated and estimated seismic-induced deformation fields allow indirectly evaluating the variability of the solutions in terms of epicenter locations and kinematics of the causative faults. We applied this investigation method to several light (4〈Mw 〈 4.9) to moderate (5〈Mw 〈 5.9) earthquakes occurred along the Mediterranean area since the launch of the Sentinel-1A mission in 2014. The selected seismic events cover all the faulting mechanisms and are characterized by different estimated magnitudes and depths thus offering a synoptic view of the performance of the procedure in several cases. Thanks to the global coverage and the unprecedented revisit time of Sentinel-1 acquisitions, the proposed procedure can be easily extended to any seismic event occurred inland worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100057
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 84
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    Forecasting strong aftershocks in earthquake clusters from northeastern Italy and western Slovenia (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: 42 pages
    Description: In this study, we propose an analysis of the earthquake clusters that occurred in North-Eastern Italy and western Slovenia from 1977 to today. Given a mainshock generating alarm in the population, we are interested in forecasting if a similar magnitude earthquake will follow. We classify the earthquake clusters associated with mainshocks of magnitude Mm into two classes: if the strongest aftershock has a magnitude 〉=Mm-1 (swarms or large aftershock seismic sequences) as type A, otherwise (smaller aftershocks seismic sequences) as type B. A large aftershock following a main shock can cause significant damages to already weakened buildings and infrastructures, so a timely advisory information to the civil protection is of great interest for effective decision-making. For the first time, we applied to a new catalogue a pattern recognition algorithm for cluster type forecasting that we developed for all Italy (Gentili and Di Giovambattista, 2017). Thanks to the lower completeness magnitude of the local OGS catalogue, compared to the national one, and to a new version of the algorithm, we were able to lower the threshold of the clusters mainshocks magnitude from 4.5 to 3.7. The method has been validated by rigorous statistical tests. We tested the algorithm on the 1976 highly destructive earthquake cluster (mainshock magnitude 6.5 - the strongest in the last 80 years in the region) and we retrospectively forecasted it as an A cluster. Successful results were obtained also on other three smaller earthquake clusters in 2019.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106483
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics
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    Characteristic periods of the paleosecular variation of the Earth's magnetic field during the Holocene from global paleoreconstructions (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The knowledge of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field at different time scales is important to determine the mechanisms that maintain the geomagnetic field and can help to establish constraints in dynamo theories. We have focused our study on the secular variation at millennial and centennial time scale searching for characteristic periods during the last 10 kyr. The frequency study was performed using four recent updated global paleomagnetic field reconstructions (SHA.DIF.14k, CALS10k.2, BIGMUDI4k and SHAWQ2k) by applying three techniques commonly used in signal analysis: the Fourier transform, the Empirical Mode Decomposition, and the wavelet analysis. Short-term variability of the geomagnetic field energy shows recurrent periods of around 2000, 1000–1400, and 600–800 and 250–400 years. The characteristic time around 600–800 years is well determined in all paleomagnetic reconstructions and it is mostly related to the axial dipole and axial octupole terms, but also observable in the equatorial dipole. In addition to this period, longer characteristic times of around 1000–1400 years are found particularly in the equatorial dipole and quadrupole terms in SHA.DIF.14k, CALS10k.2 and BIGMUDI4k while the 2000 year period is only well determined in the total geomagnetic field energy of SHA.DIF.14k and CALS10k.2. The most detailed paleoreconstructions for younger times also detect shortest characteristic times of around 250–400 years. The long-term variation of the geomagnetic energy is only observable in the axial dipole. A characteristic period of around 7000 years in both SHA.DIF.14k and CALS10k.2 has been found. This long period is related to two decays in the dipole field and a period of increasing intensity. The oldest decay took place between 7000 BCE and 4500 BCE and the present decay that started around 100 BCE. We have modeled the 4500 BCE up to present variation as a combination of a continuous decay, representing the diffusion term of the geomagnetic field, and one pulse that reinforces the strength of the field. Results show a characteristic diffusion time of around 11,000–15,000 years, which is compatible with the diffusion times of the dipole field used in geodynamo theories.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106656
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 86
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    New insights on metals in the Arctic aerosol in a climate changing world (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: Ship traffic, population, infrastructure development, and mining activities are expected to increase in the Arctic due to its rising temperatures. This is expected to produce a major impact on aerosol composition. Metals contained in atmospheric particles are powerful markers and can be extremely helpful to gain insights on the different aerosol sources. Thiswork aims at studying the sources of metals in the Arctic aerosol sampled at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; Greenland, 76.5°N 68.8°W). Due to the particular composition of Greenlandic soils and to properties of other sources, it was possible to find several signatures of natural and anthropogenic aerosols transported from local and long-range regions. Arctic haze (AH) at Thule builds up on long-range transported aerosol mainly from Canada and Nord America. From a chemical standpoint, this aerosol is characterized by a high concentration of sulfate, Pb, As and Cd and by a La/Ce ratio larger than 1. The Ti/Al and Fe/Al ratios in the AH aerosol are lower (Ti/Al = 0.04 w/w; Fe/ Al= 0.79 w/w) than for local aerosol (Ti/Al= 0.07 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.89 w/w). Conversely, aerosol arising from coastal areas of South-West Greenland is characterized by a high concentration of V,Ni, and Cr. These metals, generally considered anthropogenic, arise heremainly fromnatural crustal sources. In some summer samples, however, the V/Ni ratio becomes larger than 3. In particular, cases displaying this characteristic ratio, as also shown by backward trajectories, are associated with sporadic transport to Thule of ship aerosol from ships passing through Baffin Bay and arriving to Thule during summer. Although further measurements are necessary to confirm the discussed results, the analysis carried out in this work on a large number of metals sampled in coastal Greenland aerosol is unprecedented.
    Description: Published
    Description: 140511
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 87
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    Subduction-related melt refertilisation and alkaline metasomatism in the Eastern Transylvanian Basin lithospheric mantle: Evidence from mineral chemistry and noble gases in fluid inclusions (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: Calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatic activity is generally separated in space and/or in time. The Eastern Transylvanian Basin in Romania is one of the few places where, during Pleistocene, alkaline eruptions occurred contemporaneously with the calc-alkaline activity. Mantle xenoliths entrained in Perşani Mts. alkaline volcanic products have been studied in order to investigate the interaction of metasomatic agents of different magmatic affinities with the mantle wedge. Based on mineral major and trace element and noble gases in fluid inclusions, two main events have been recognized. The first was a pervasive, complete re-fertilization of a previously depleted mantle by a calc-alkaline subduction-related melt, causing the formation of very fertile, amphibole-bearing lithotypes. This is shown by the a) increased amounts of modal clinopyroxene up to 21.9 % with Al2O3 contents up to 8.16 wt%, higher than what is expected for clinopyroxene in Primordial Mantle; b) 4He/40Ar* ratios up to 1.2, within the reported range for mantle production; c) 3He/4He in olivine, opx and cpx of 5.8 ± 0.2 Ra, among the most radiogenic values of European mantle, below the typical MORB mantle value (8 ± 1 Ra), reflecting recycling of crustal material in the local lithosphere. The second event is related to later interaction with an alkaline metasomatic agent similar to the host basalts that caused slight LREE enrichment in pyroxenes and disseminated amphiboles and precipitation of vein amphiboles with a composition similar to amphiboles megacrysts also found in the Perşani Mts. volcanic deposits. This is highlighted by the 4He/40Ar* and 3He/4He values found in some opx and cpx, up to 2.5 and 6.6 Ra, respectively, more typical of magmatic fluids.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105516
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mantle refertilisation ; Eastern Transylvanian Basin ; Noble gases ; Post-collisional ; Subduction-related metasomatism ; Solid Earth ; 04.01. Earth Interior
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  • 88
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    Local earthquake tomography of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The Larderello-Travale Geothermal Field in South-West Tuscany (Italy) is the oldest and among the most pro- ductive geothermal fields in the world. A new 3D model of seismic P-wave velocity (V P ) of the upper crust beneath the geothermal field is derived by inverting a set of highly consistent travel-times from local-earth- quakes. Results document a marked correlation of V P with previously described, high-reflectivity horizons. We also determined a low velocity body (V P ∼5 km s −1 ) culminating at depths of about 7 km, with estimated vo- lume of 35–40 km 3 . Such low velocities are consistent with a granite at temperatures above 700 °C, thus in a partially-molten status.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101731
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.01
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 89
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    Boron and lithium behaviour in river waters under semiarid climatic conditions (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: Boron (B) and Lithium (Li) concentrations were studied in the Platani river, one of the most important catchments of South-Central Sicily which is under semiarid climatic conditions for roughly eight months to a year. In this area, evaporites result in potential B and Li sources for surface waters. Results from river waters have measured ionic strength values between 0.1 and 4.54 M. B and Li distributions in these waters were studied in colloidal (CF, extracted by ultrafiltration from the 0.45 μm filtrate) and total dissolved (TDF) fractions and in fractions extracted from corresponding riverbed sediments, according to changes of the B/Li ratio. In river waters, CF and TDF showed very similar B/Li values, suggesting that only negligible fractionation occurs between Li and B in the aqueous phase. Similar evidence was observed between B/Li values in TDF and the labile sediment fraction, whereas an inverse relationship arose between B/Li values in TDF and in the easily reducible sediment fraction. This relationship indicates that Mn oxy-hydroxides preferentially react with aqueous B species relative to Li at the riverbed sediment interface. The extent of the B-Mn oxy-hydroxide reactions is influenced by the ionic strength, so that only B/Li values below 4 are measured in river waters with ionic strength values above 0.5 M. Comparing B/Li and ionic strength values measured in the Platani river with those from oxic brines worldwide, the same preferential B removal relative to Li is observed. This evidence suggests that B is removed as positively-charged borate ion-pairs, formed in the aqueous phase under higher ionic strength conditions, reacting with negatively charged surfaces of Mn oxy-hydroxides. The observed B reactivity relative to Li could be exploited to bring down the B excess from natural or waste waters, allowing the natural reactions with Mn oxy-hydroxides to take place under natural conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 135509
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: B/Li ratio; Ionic strength; Mine drainage; Mn-oxyhydroxides; Salt minerals
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 90
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    Liquefaction source layer for sand blows induced by the 2016 megathrust earthquake (Mw 7.8) in Ecuador (Boca de Briceño) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: Numerous sand boils were generated in the alluvial plain at the mouth of the Rio Brice˜no valley (Ecuador) during the Mw 7.8 earthquake of April 2016. The area is characterized by a series of raised marine terraces formed as a consequence of the rapid tectonic coastal uplift during the Quaternary. Boreholes and geotechnical investigations were carried during post-earthquake surveys and for the purpose of mitigating the liquefaction effects. Five lithological units were identified at a site of embankment, which represented continental-marine and transitional sedimentation since the Last Glacial Maximum. A comprehensive study of texture and petrographic composition of sand boils has been performed and compared with sandy silts and silty sands of the buried sedimentary sequence in order to identify the source levels for liquefaction. The petrographic components, in particular the low content of bioclasts and carbonate fragments of the sand boils, allow to pinpoint a source layer made up of fine-grained silty sands located between 2 and 4.5 m depth (Unit 2) whereas the deeper marine sands, richer in bioclasts, were not involved. The results support the idea that earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena are not restricted to clean sands and well-sorted deposits, but may affect sand layers with significant amount of nonplastic silt.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102737
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake-induced liquefaction ; Sand blows ; Ecuadorian coast ; Sand composition ; Holocene depositional sequences ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 91
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    The eruption run-up at Mt. Etna volcano: constraining magma decompression rates and their relationships with the final eruptive energy (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: Although explosivity is linked with high decompression rates induced by magma ascent, the quantitative relationships between decompression rate and eruption energy have yet to be properly assessed, especially for open-conduit basaltic volcanoes, where ordinary weak activity can rapidly evolve into more intense eruptions. Here, we selected three eruptions of different explosivity from Mt. Etna’s recent activity to study the relationships between the observed explosive intensities and decompression rates determined through diffusion chronometry, which is based on modeling volatile diffusion along olivine-hosted melt embayments. The approach used in this study has provided important indications on differences in the timescales of decompression-driven degassing for magmas emitted with markedly distinct eruptive dynamics, starting from similar physical and chemical conditions of the magmas involved in the three eruptions. The intense paroxysmal activity at Voragine Crater on December 3, 2015, was fostered by high decompression rate (∼0.36-0.74 MPa/s), slightly higher than in the less energetic paroxysm that occurred on February 19, 2013, at New South-East Crater (NSEC) (∼0.14-0.29 MPa/s). Decompression rates of magmas emitted during lava fountaining are one order of magnitude greater than values obtained for the mild flank eruption that occurred in December 2018 (∼0.045-0.094 MPa/s). Our results indicate that degassing kinetics controlled the intensity of activity at Mt. Etna, thus suggesting that the explosivity does not depend exclusively on the degree of overpressurization of the shallowest reservoir due to injection of gas from the deepest levels of the plumbing system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 117821
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 92
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    Theoretical principles and application to measure the flux of carbon dioxide in the air of urban zones (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: •Anthropogenic CO2 flux can be estimated by stable isotopic surveying. •Gas emissions from human activities force the atmospheric CO2. •The monitoring of stable isotopes allows identifying the CO2 sources in the air. •Several tons per day of CO2 flow through the geosphere in urban zones. •Transient in the air CO2 occurs owing to changes in weather variables.
    Description: Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations increase due to volcanic emissions, diffuse degassing from fault zones, and various human-caused gas emissions, especially in densely populated urban zones, which play a pivotal role in the ongoing climate change. This study aims to examine changes in the concentration and stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2. A laser-based analyzer provided the δ13C and δ18O values based on concentration measurements for various CO2 isotopologues. Multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that almost 30% of the atmospheric CO2 changes are caused by weather variations, while ~70% of the changes involve CO2 from various gas sources related to human activities. The Keeling plot approach was used to identify the isotopic signature of the extra CO2, which points to the gas produced by hydrocarbon combustion. An isotopic mass balance model was designed to show the relation between excess atmospheric CO2 and the flux of human-related gas emissions. Calculating the CO2 flux in the atmosphere based on this isotopic mass balance model showed that several tons of CO2 move daily between geospheres. This study shows that surveying atmospheric CO2 in urban zones allows quantifying the CO2 emissions from various sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 119302
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Carbon stable isotopes ; Oxygen isotope composition ; Atmospheric CO2 ; Geochemical modeling ; Gas Hazard ; Stable isotopes ; Isotopes ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; environmental geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
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    Mush cannibalism and disruption recorded by clinopyroxene phenocrysts at Stromboli volcano: New insights from recent 2003–2017 activity (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: The Present-day (〈1.2 kyr) activity of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy) is fed by a vertically-extended mush column with an open-conduit configuration. The eruptive products are the result of periodic supply of mafic magma (low porphyritic or Lp-magma) from depth into a homogeneous shallow reservoir (highly porphyritic or Hp-magma). Clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the 2003–2017 activity exhibit marked diopside-augite heterogeneities caused by continuous Lp-Hp magma mixing and antecryst recycling. Diopsidic bands record Lp-recharge injected into the shallow Hp-reservoir, whereas resorbed diopsidic cores testify to the continuous disruption and cannibalism of relic antecrysts from the mush. The transition between diopside (∼1175 °C) and augite (∼1130 °C) takes place at comparable P (∼190 MPa) and H2O (0.5–2.4 wt%) conditions. Short timescales (∼1 year) for diopsidic bands from the 2003 paroxysm document restricted temporal intervals between mafic injection, magma mixing and homogenization in the Hp-reservoir. Longer timescales (∼4–182 years) for diopsidic cores indicate protracted antecryst remobilization times. By comparing clinopyroxenes from the Present-day and Post-Pizzo eruptions, we argue a distinct phase in the life of Stromboli volcano is evident from the 2003 paroxysm onwards. More efficient mechanisms of mush disruption and cannibalism involve diopsidic antecrysts remobilized and transported by Lp-magmas permeating the mush, in concert with gravitational instability of the solidification front and melt migration within the shallow Hp-reservoir. Magmatic injections feeding the persistent Present-day activity are more intensively mixed and homogenized prior to eruption, reflecting small recharge volumes and/or a more mafic system in which the mafic inputs are less pronounced.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105440
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Evidence for a large-magnitude Holocene eruption of Mount Rittmann (Antarctica): A volcanological reconstruction using the marine tephra record (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In Antarctica, the near-source exposures of volcanic eruption deposits are often limited as they are not well preserved in the dynamic glacial environment, thus making volcanological reconstructions of explosive eruptions extremely challenging. Fortunately, pyroclastic deposits from explosive eruptions are preserved in Southern Ocean sediments surrounding Antarctica, and the tephrostratigraphy of these sequences offers crucial volcanological information including the timing and tempo of past eruptions, their magnitude, and eruption dynamics. Here we report the results of a tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology study focused on four sediment cores recovered from the Wood Bay area in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. In all these sedimentary sequences, we found a well-stratified primary tephra of considerable thickness, up to 80 cm, hereafter named the Aviator Tephra (AVT). According to the characteristics of the tephra deposit and its distribution, the AVT was associated with an eruption of considerable intensity, potentially representing one of the largest Holocene eruptions recorded in Antarctica. Based on the major and trace element geochemistry and the mineral assemblage of the tephra, Mount Rittmann was identified as the source of the AVT. A Holocene age of ∼11 ka was determined by radiocarbon dating organic material within the sediments and 40Ar-39Ar dating of alkali-feldspar crystals included in the tephra. Eruption dynamics were initially dominated by hydromagmatic magma fragmentation conditions producing a sustained, relatively wet and ash-rich eruptive cloud. The eruption then evolved into a highly energetic, relatively dry magmatic Plinian eruption. The last phase was characterized by renewed efficient magma-water interaction and/or collapse of the eruptive column producing pyroclastic density currents and associated co-ignimbritic plumes. The distal tephra deposits might be linked to the widespread lag breccia layer previously identified on the rim of the Mount Rittmann caldera which share the same geochemical composition. Diatoms found in the sediments surrounding the AVT and the primary characteristics of the tephra indicate that the Wood Bay area was open sea at the time of the eruption, which is much earlier than previously thought. AVT is also an excellent tephrostratigraphic marker for the Wood Bay area, in the Ross Sea, and a useful marker for future synchronization of continental ice and marine archives in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106629
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 95
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    Stick-slip vs. stable sliding fault behaviour: A case-study using a multidisciplinary approach in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In active volcanic zones, fault dynamics is considerably fast but it is often difficult to separate the pattern of nearly continuous large-scale volcanic processes (inflation/deflation processes, flank instability) from impulsive episodes such as dyke intrusions or coseismic fault displacements. At Etna, multidisciplinary studies on active faults whose activity does not strictly depend on volcanic processes, are relatively few. Here we present the case-study of the San Leonardello fault, an active structure located in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna characterised by a well-known seismic history. This fault saw renewed activity in May 2009, when pre-seismic creeping along the southern segment preceded an MW 4.0 earthquake in the northern segment, followed by some twenty-five aftershocks. Later, in March–April 2016, creep events reactivated the southern section of the same fault. Both the seismic and aseismic phenomena were recorded by the seismic and GNSS networks of INGV-Osservatorio Etneo, and produced surface faulting that left a footprint in the pattern of ground deformation detected by the InSAR measurements. We demonstrate that the integration of multidisciplinary data collected for volcano surveillance may shed light on different aspects of fault dynamics, and allow understanding how coseismic slip and creep alternate in space and time along the strike. Moreover, we use findings from our independent datasets to propose a conceptual model of the San Leonardello fault, taking into account behaviour and previous constraints from fault-based seismic hazard analyses. Although the faulting mechanisms described here occur at a very small scale compared with those of a purely tectonic setting, this case-study may represent a perfect natural lab for improving knowledge of seismogenic processes, also in other fault zones characterised by stick slip vs. stablesliding fault behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228554
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fault ; Earthquake ; Creep ; Seismotectonics ; Behaviour ; Mt. Etna volcano ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 96
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    PICOSS: Python Interface for the Classification of Seismic Signals (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: Over the last decade machine learning has become increasingly popular for the analysis and characterization of volcano-seismic data. One of the requirements for the application of machine learning methods to the problem of classifying seismic time series is the availability of a training dataset; that is a suite of reference signals, with known classification used for initial validation of the machine outcome. Here, we present PICOSS (Python Interface for the Classification of Seismic Signals), a modular data-curator platform for volcano-seismic data analysis, including detection, segmentation and classification. PICOSS has exportability and standardization at its core; users can select automatic or manual workflows to select and label seismic data from a comprehensive suite of tools, including deep neural networks. The modular implementation of PICOSS includes a portable and intuitive graphical user interface to facilitate essential data labelling tasks for large-scale volcano seismic studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104531
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanoes ; Software ; Classification ; Segmentation ; Detection ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 97
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    Shear wave velocity and attenuation structure of Ischia island using broad band seismic noise records (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In volcanic areas, accurate localization of earthquakes requires detailed velocity and, possibly, attenuation models, taking into account wide lithological variability and high geothermal gradients. Ischia island (Campania region, Italy) is a seismically-active volcano recently affected by a Mw 3.9 event (Casamicciola, August 21, 2017, 1 km depth). Due to the lack of a specific velocity model, the earthquakes occurred on the island were localized using the one developed for the nearby Campi Flegrei caldera. The aim of this work is the definition of a mean representative 1D shear-wave velocity (Vs) and attenuation (Q) model of the shallower crust (up to 2 km depth) of Ischia. Seismic noise array and spectral ratios techniques were applied to broad band seismic signals recorded by temporary and permanent networks updated after the August 2017 earthquake. The values of both shear-wave velocity (Vs) and quality factor (Q) are realistic, with Q values comparable with those obtained for Campi Flegrei and Stromboli volcanic areas. By taking into account stratigraphic information from deep wells and ultrasonic measurements of velocity on granite and trachytic lava samples, a geological interpretation of the resulting velocity model is provided. Such a model can have significant implications for understanding the dynamics of a volcano, mainly those leading to seismic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106970
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia volcanic island ; Shear wave velocity model ; Seismic attenuation ; Seismic noise ; Velocity and Attenuation model
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 98
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    The role of trapped fluids during the development and deformation of a carbonate/shale intra-wedge tectonic mélange (Mt. Massico, Southern Apennines, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: Numerous studies exist on exhumed tectonic mélanges along subduction channels whereas, in accretionary wedge interiors, deformation mechanisms and related fluid circulation in tectonic mélanges are still underexplored. We combine structural and microstructural observations with geochemical (stable and clumped isotopes and isotope composition of noble gases in fluid inclusions of calcite veins) and U-Pb geochronological data to define deformation mechanisms and syn-tectonic fluid circulation within the Mt. Massico intra-wedge tectonic mélange, located in the inner part of the central-southern Apennines accretionary wedge, Italy. This mélange developed by shear deformation at the base of a clastic succession. Deformation was characterized by disruption of the primary bedding, mixing, and deformation of relicts of competent olistoliths and strata within a weak matrix of deformed clayey and marly interbeds. Recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting fracturing/veining and pressure-solution processes generated a block-in-matrix texture. The geochemical signatures of syntectonic calcite veins suggest calcite precipitation in a closed system from warm (108°-147 °C) paleofluids, with δ18O vlaues between þ9‰ and 14‰, such as trapped pore waters after extensive 18O exchange with the local limestone host rock and/or derived by clay dehydration processes at T 〉 120 °C. The 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions are lower than 0.1 Ra, indicating that He was exclusively sourced from the crust. We conclude that: (1) intraformational rheological contrasts, inherited trapped fluids, and low-permeability barriers such as marlyshaly matrix, can promote the generation of intra-wedge tectonic mélanges and the development of transient fluid overpressure; (2) clay-rich tectonic mélanges, developed along intra-wedge décollement layers, may generate low-permeability barriers hindering the fluid redistribution within accretionary wedges.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104086
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tectonic mélange ; Fluid-rock interaction ; Stable and clumped isotopes ; Noble gases ; Fold and thrust belt ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 99
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    Studying postseismic deformation of the 2010–2011 Rigan earthquake sequence in SE Iran using geodetic data (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In this paper, we study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the postseismic deformation of the 2010–2011 Rigan earthquake sequence which occurred at the southern termination of the East Lut fault system, southeast Iran. One-year GPS measurements after the Rigan earthquake sequence reveals right-lateral postseismic displacement along the East Chahqanbar fault and left-lateral postseismic displacement along the South Chahqanbar fault. To investigate the deformation variations in time and space, InSAR time-series of COSMO-SkyMed images is applied using the Small Baseline Subset algorithm. The results confirm a clear cumulative postseismic signal increasing to 8 mm during the first five months following the first mainshock in the direction of the coseismic displacement. The cumulative postseismic displacements are well correlated with the cumulative number of the aftershocks and their associated moment release. Considering this correlation and the observation of a sharp discontinuity along the coseismic fault in the displacement map, it is concluded that the after-slip mechanism is responsible for the observed postseismic deformation in the study region. This study is the first observation of a short-term postseismic motion in eastern Iran through geodetic data in contrast with long-lasting postseismic displacements following the earthquakes that occurred around Lut block. Modeling of the postseismic displacement results in a distributed slip pattern with a maximum slip of 0.8 m on the fault plane responsible for the 2010 Rigan coseismic deformation. This indicates that the postseismic deformation on barriers remained unbroken during the mainshock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228630
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rigan earthquake ; Postseismic deformation ; InSAR ; Lut block Southeastern Iran
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Improvements of data analysis and self-consistent monitoring methods for the MEV telescope (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: The MEV project is running for a long-term muography measurement at the North-East crater of the Etna Volcano, after the successful conclusion of the test phase in July 2017. Two sets of data were already acquired during 2017, during the last months of the summer, and 2018. Data analysis is currently ongoing in order to extract a two-dimensional density map of the target from the measured muon flux. But before, a major improvement on data pre-processing was required. It regards in particular the algorithm for event reconstruction and filtering and the introduction of a method to extract the telescope efficiency from data themselves. The main steps of this pre-analysis and their application to the test data set is described in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 162052
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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