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  • Articles  (6,850)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,644)
  • Annual Reviews  (3,206)
  • 2020-2024
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  • Medicine  (6,850)
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  • Articles  (6,850)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE LYMPHATIC VASCULATURE: Recent Progress and Paradigms (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 457-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The field of lymphatic research has been recently invigorated by the identification of genes and mechanisms that control various aspects of lymphatic development. We are beginning to understand how, starting from a subgroup of embryonic venous endothelial cells, the whole lymphatic system forms in a stepwise manner. The generation of genetically engineered mice with defects in different steps of the lymphangiogenic program has provided models that are increasing our understanding of the lymphatic system in health and disease. This knowledge, in turn, should lead to the development of better diagnostic methods and treatments of lymphatic disorders and tumor metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.132338
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IN AWE OF SUBCELLULAR COMPLEXITY: 50 Years of Trespassing Boundaries Within the Cell (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 1-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this review I describe the several stages of my research career, all of which were driven by a desire to understand the basic mechanisms responsible for the complex and beautiful organization of the eukaryotic cell. I was originally trained as an electron microscopist in Argentina, and my first major contribution was the introduction of glutaraldehyde as a fixative that preserved the fine structure of cells, which opened the way for cytochemical studies at the EM level. My subsequent work on membrane-bound ribosomes illuminated the process of cotranslational translocation of polypeptides across the ER membrane and led to the formulation, with Gunter Blobel, of the signal hypothesis. My later studies with many talented colleagues contributed to an understanding of ER structure and function and aspects of the mechanisms that generate and maintain the polarity of epithelial cells. For this work my laboratory introduced the now widely adopted Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, and demonstrated the polarized budding of envelope viruses from those cells, providing a powerful new system that further advanced the field of protein traffic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.020904.151711
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASSEMBLY OF VARIANT HISTONES INTO CHROMATIN (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 133-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chromatin can be differentiated by the deposition of variant histones at centromeres, active genes, and silent loci. Variant histones are assembled into nucleosomes in a replication-independent manner, in contrast to assembly of bulk chromatin that is coupled to replication. Recent in vitro studies have provided the first glimpses of protein machines dedicated to building and replacing alternative nucleosomes. They deposit variant H2A and H3 histones and are targeted to particular functional sites in the genome. Differences between variant and canonical histones can have profound consequences, either for delivery of the histones to sites of assembly or for their function after incorporation into chromatin. Recent studies have also revealed connections between assembly of variant nucleosomes, chromatin remodeling, and histone post-translational modification. Taken together, these findings indicate that chromosome architecture can be highly dynamic at the most fundamental level, with epigenetic consequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.133518
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION OF THE PLANT CELL WALL (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 203-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Plants shape their organs with a precision demanded by optimal function; organ shaping requires control over cell wall expansion anisotropy. Focusing on multicellular organs, I survey the occurrence of expansion anisotropy and discuss its causes and proposed controls. Expansion anisotropy of a unit area of cell wall is characterized by the direction and degree of anisotropy. The direction of maximal expansion rate is usually regulated by the direction of net alignment among cellulose microfibrils, which overcomes the prevailing stress anisotropy. In some stems, the directionality of expansion of epidermal cells is controlled by that of the inner tissue. The degree of anisotropy can vary widely as a function of position and of treatment. The degree of anisotropy is probably controlled by factors in addition to the direction of microfibril alignment. I hypothesize that rates of expansion in maximal and minimal directions are regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms that regulate interactions between matrix and microfibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.082503.103053
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IN VIVO IMAGING OF LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 581-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Over the past decades, intravital microscopy (IVM), the imaging of cells in living organisms, has become a valuable tool for studying the molecular determinants of lymphocyte trafficking. Recent advances in microscopy now make it possible to image cell migration and cell-cell interactions in vivo deep within intact tissues. Here, we summarize the principal techniques that are currently used in IVM, discuss options and tools for fluorescence-based visualization of lymphocytes in microvessels and tissues, and describe IVM models used to explore lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. The latter will be introduced according to the physiologic itinerary of developing and differentiating T and B lymphocytes as they traffic through the body, beginning with their development in bone marrow and thymus and continuing with their migration to secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.133159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CENTROSOMES IN CELLULAR REGULATION (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 411-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Centrosomes, spindle pole bodies, and related structures in other organisms are a morphologically diverse group of organelles that share a common ability to nucleate and organize microtubules and are thus referred to as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Features associated with MTOCs include organization of mitotic spindles, formation of primary cilia, progression through cytokinesis, and self-duplication once per cell cycle. Centrosomes bind more than 100 regulatory proteins, whose identities suggest roles in a multitude of cellular functions. In fact, recent work has shown that MTOCs are required for several regulatory functions including cell cycle transitions, cellular responses to stress, and organization of signal transduction pathways. These new liaisons between MTOCs and cellular regulation are the focus of this review. Elucidation of these and other previously unappreciated centrosome functions promises to yield exciting scientific discovery for some time to come.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120418
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE GREAT ESCAPE: When Cancer Cells Hijack the Genes for Chemotaxis and Motility (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 695-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The combined use of the new technologies of multiphoton-based intravital imaging, the chemotaxis-mediated collection of invasive cells, and high sensitivity expression profiling has allowed the correlation of the behavior of invasive tumor cells in vivo with their gene expression patterns. New insights have resulted including a gene expression signature for invasive cells and the tumor microenvironment invasion model. This model proposes that tumor invasion and metastasis can be studied as a problem resembling normal morphogenesis. We discuss how these new insights may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of the invasive behavior of tumor cells in vivo, which may result in new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMĐ??ASSOCIATED DEGRADATION (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 435-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Secretory and transmembrane proteins enter the secretory pathway through the protein-conducting Sec61 channel in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. In the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins fold, are frequently covalently modified, and oligomerize before they are packaged into transport vesicles that shuttle them to the Golgi complex. Proteins that misfold in the endoplasmic reticulum are selectively transported back across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes. Depending on the topology of the defect in the protein, cytosolic or lumenal chaperones are involved in its targeting to degradation. The export channel for misfolded proteins is likely also formed by Sec61p. Export may be powered by AAA-ATPases of the proteasome 19S regulatory particle or Cdc48p/p97. Exported proteins are frequently ubiquitylated prior to degradation and are escorted to the proteasome by polyubiquitin-binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.133250
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHAGOCYTOSIS: At the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 511-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phagocytosis, the process by which cells engulf large particles, requires a substantial contribution of membranes. Recent studies have revealed that intracellular compartments, including endocytic organelles and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can engage in fusion events with the plasma membrane at the sites of nascent phagosomes. The finding that ER proteins are delivered to phagosomes, where degraded peptides are loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, has significantly enhanced our understanding of the immune functions associated with these organelles. Although it is well known that pathogens are killed in phagosomes, the contribution of ER proteins to phagosomes has provided a novel pathway for the loading of exogenous peptides onto MHC class I molecules, a process known as cross-presentation. Thus, phagocytosis has evolved from a nutritional function in unicellular organisms to play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.102755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RETINOTECTAL MAPPING: New Insights from Molecular Genetics (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 551-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sensory and motor components of nervous systems are connected topographically and contain neural maps of the external world. The paradigm for such maps is the precisely ordered wiring of the output cells of the eye to their synaptic targets in the tectum of the midbrain. The retinotectal map is organized in development through the graded activity of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands. These signaling proteins are arrayed in complementary expression gradients along the orthogonal axes of the retina and tectum, and provide both input and recipient cells with Cartesian coordinates that specify their location. Molecular genetic studies in the mouse indicate that these coordinates are interpreted in the context of neuronal competition for termination sites in the tectum. They further suggest that order in the retinotectal map is determined by ratiometric rather than absolute difference comparisons in Eph signaling along the temporal-nasal and dorsal-ventral axes of the eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.022403.093702
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPATIAL CONTROL OF CELL EXPANSION BY THE PLANT CYTOSKELETON (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 271-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoskeleton plays important roles in plant cell shape determination by influencing the patterns in which cell wall materials are deposited. Cortical microtubules are thought to orient the direction of cell expansion primarily via their influence on the deposition of cellulose into the wall, although the precise nature of the microtubule-cellulose relationship remains unclear. In both tip-growing and diffusely growing cell types, F-actin promotes growth and also contributes to the spatial regulation of growth. F-actin has been proposed to play a variety of roles in the regulation of secretion in expanding cells, but its functions in cell growth control are not well understood. Recent work highlighted in this review on the morphogenesis of selected cell types has yielded substantial new insights into mechanisms governing the dynamics and organization of cytoskeletal filaments in expanding plant cells and how microtubules and F-actin interact to direct patterns of cell growth. Nevertheless, many important questions remain to be answered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.114901
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGULATION OF ROOT APICAL MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 485-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The establishment of the Angiosperm root apical meristem is dependent on the specification of a stem cell niche and the subsequent development of the quiescent center at the presumptive root pole. Distribution of auxin and the establishment of auxin maxima are early formative steps in niche specification that depend on the expression and distribution of auxin carriers. Auxin specifies stem cell niche formation by directly and indirectly affecting gene activities. Part of the indirect regulation by auxin may involve changes in redox, favoring local, oxidized microenvironments. Formation of a QC is required for root meristem development and elaboration. Many signals likely pass between the QC and the adjacent root meristem tissues. Disappearance of the QC is associated with roots becoming determinate. Given the many auxin feedback loops, we hypothesize that roots evolved as part of an auxin homeostasis mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.114753
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLANAR CELL POLARIZATION: An Emerging Model Points in the Right Direction (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 155-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polarization is a feature common to many cell types. Epithelial cells, for example, exhibit a characteristic apical-basolateral polarity that is critical for their function. In addition to this ubiquitous form of polarity, whole fields of cells are often polarized in a plane perpendicular to the apical-basal axis. This form of polarity, referred to as planar cell polarity (PCP), exists in all adult Drosophila cuticular tissues, as well as in numerous vertebrate tissues, including the mammalian skin and inner ear epithelia. Recent advances in the study of PCP establishment are beginning to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying this cellular process. This review discusses new developments in the molecular understanding of PCP in Drosophila and vertebrates and integrates the current data in a model to illustrate how interactions between PCP factors might function to generate planar polarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.132806
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID, FATTY ACIDĐ??INTERACTING PROTEINS, AND NEURONAL FUNCTION: Breastmilk and Fish Are Good for You (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 633-657 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In contrast to other tissues, the nervous system is enriched in the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). Despite their abundance in the nervous system, AA and DHA cannot be synthesized de novo by mammals; they, or their precursors, must be ingested from dietary sources and transported to the brain. During late gestation and the early postnatal period, neurodevelopment is exceptionally rapid, and substantial amounts of PUFAs, especially DHA, are critical to ensure neurite outgrowth as well as proper brain and retina development. Here, we review the various functions of DHA in the nervous system, the proteins involved in its internalization and metabolism into phospholipids, and its relationship to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120624
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUORUM SENSING: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 319-346 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacteria communicate with one another using chemical signal molecules. As in higher organisms, the information supplied by these molecules is critical for synchronizing the activities of large groups of cells. In bacteria, chemical communication involves producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to small hormone-like molecules termed autoinducers . This process, termed quorum sensing, allows bacteria to monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter behavior on a population-wide scale in response to changes in the number and/or species present in a community. Most quorum-sensing-controlled processes are unproductive when undertaken by an individual bacterium acting alone but become beneficial when carried out simultaneously by a large number of cells. Thus, quorum sensing confuses the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes because it enables bacteria to act as multicellular organisms. This review focuses on the architectures of bacterial chemical communication networks; how chemical information is integrated, processed, and transduced to control gene expression; how intra- and interspecies cell-cell communication is accomplished; and the intriguing possibility of prokaryote-eukaryote cross-communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF STEROID HORMONE SIGNALING IN PLANTS (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 177-201 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of plants, regulate the growth and differentiation of plants throughout their life cycle. Over the past several years, genetic and biochemical approaches have yielded great progress in understanding BR signaling. Unlike their animal counterparts, BRs are perceived at the plasma membrane by direct binding to the extracellular domain of the BRI1 receptor S/T kinase. BR perception initiates a signaling cascade, acting through a GSK3 kinase, BIN2, and the BSU1 phosphatase, which in turn modulates the phosphorylation state and stability of the nuclear transcription factors BES1 and BZR1. Microarray technology has been used extensively to provide a global view of BR genomic effects, as well as a specific set of target genes for BES1 and BZR1. These gene products thus provide a framework for how BRs regulate the growth of plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.090704.151241
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    INTEGRIN STRUCTURE, ALLOSTERY, AND BIDIRECTIONAL SIGNALING (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 381-410 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: ʼ̛?‚ heterodimeric integrins mediate dynamic adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in metazoa that are critical in growth and development, hemostasis, and host defense. A central feature of these receptors is their capacity to change rapidly and reversibly their adhesive functions by modulating their ligand-binding affinity. This is normally achieved through interactions of the short cytoplasmic integrin tails with intracellular proteins, which trigger restructuring of the ligand-binding site through long-range conformational changes in the ectodomain. Ligand binding in turn elicits conformational changes that are transmitted back to the cell to regulate diverse responses. The publication of the integrin ʼ̛V?‚3 crystal structure has provided the context for interpreting decades-old biochemical studies. Newer NMR, crystallographic, and EM data, reviewed here, are providing a better picture of the dynamic integrin structure and the allosteric changes that guide its diverse functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.090704.151217
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CAJAL BODIES: A Long History of Discovery (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 105-131 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This review surveys what is known about the structure and function of the subnuclear domains called Cajal bodies (CBs). The major focus is on CBs in mammalian cells but we provide an overview of homologous CB structures in other organisms. We discuss the protein and RNA components of CBs, including factors recently found to associate in a cell cycle-dependent fashion or under specific metabolic or stress conditions. We also consider the dynamic properties of both CBs and their molecular components, based largely on recent data obtained thanks to the advent of improved in vivo detection and imaging methods. We discuss how these data contribute to an understanding of CB functions and highlight major questions that remain to be answered. Finally, we consider the interesting links that have emerged between CBs and alterations in nuclear structure apparent in a range of human pathologies, including cancer and inherited neurodegenerative diseases. We speculate on the relationship between CB function and molecular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.103738
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  • 19
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    REGULATION OF PROTEIN ACTIVITIES BY PHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHATES (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 57-79 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) correspond to phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Despite their relatively low abundance in the plasma membrane, PIPs play a crucial role as precursors of second messengers and are themselves important signaling and targeting molecules. Indeed, modulation of levels of PIPs affects, for example, cortical actin organization, membrane dynamics, and cell migration. The focus of this review is on selected interesting targets of PIPs. Those proteins that bind PIPs and are involved in regulation of actin assembly, actin membrane linkage, and actin contractility are discussed, as well as those that are involved in signaling, such as small GTPases, protein kinases, and phosphatases, or in regulation of membrane dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.021704.102317
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    RNA TRANSPORT AND LOCAL CONTROL OF TRANSLATION (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 21 (2005), S. 223-245 
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    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In eukaryotes, the entwined pathways of RNA transport and local translational regulation are key determinants in the spatio-temporal articulation of gene expression. One of the main advantages of this mechanism over transcriptional control in the nucleus lies in the fact that it endows local sites with independent decision-making authority, a consideration that is of particular relevance in cells with complex cellular architecture such as neurons. Localized RNAs typically contain codes, expressed within cis-acting elements, that specify subcellular targeting. Such codes are recognized by trans-acting factors, adaptors that mediate translocation along cytoskeletal elements by molecular motors. Most transported mRNAs are assumed translationally dormant while en route. In some cell types, especially in neurons, it is considered crucial that translation remains repressed after arrival at the destination site (e.g., a postsynaptic microdomain) until an appropriate activation signal is received. Several candidate mechanisms have been suggested to participate in the local implementation of translational repression and activation, and such mechanisms may target translation at the level of initiation and/or elongation. Recent data indicate that untranslated RNAs may play important roles in the local control of translation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.120653
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    PCR SSCP REVEALS HAPLOTYPE RELATED POLYMORPHISM OF PERB 1: A NEW MARKER FOR MHC β BLOCK TYPING (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Many new Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes have been discovered in the last 5 years. Defining the polymorphism of these new genes may elucidate their function and their relevance to diseases with MHC associations. Polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) analyses were used to detect sequence polymorphisms of PERB1 demonstrated by comparing the available genomic sequence of four haplotypes. This study showed that PCR SSCP of PERB 1 is reproducible. In addition, PERB1 alleles segregate within families together with MHC haplotypes. Typing results from the Forth Asia and Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop (4AOHW) cell panel indicate that the identified polymorphisms of PERB 1 are ‘haplotypic’, i.e., unrelated individuals carrying the same MHC ancestral haplotypes carry the same PERB1 SSCP pattern. Interestingly, PERB1 SSCP patterns allow the distinction of ancestral haplotypes which share HLA-B serological specificities, such as HLA-B44 and therefore this analysis can be used to further define MHC haplotypes and thus to improve our understanding of the evolution of this complex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00216.x
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  • 22
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    THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COELIAC DISEASE, DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AND CERTAIN HLA-ANTIGENS IN ICELANDERS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-eight cases of coeliac disease (CD) and seven of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have been verified in Iceland. Standard serological techniques were used for HLA typing. Twenty-five individuals with CD were typed, 21 (84%) of whom carried DR3, DQ2. Twelve of these 25 (48%) had DR3, DR7, DQ2, which makes them possibly homozygous for DQ2, and suggests that homozygosity of DQ2 increases the risk for CD. The four DH patients that were typed all had HLA-B8, DR3, DQ2. It is concluded that CD and DH are associated with DR3, DQZ in Icelanders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00218.x
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    T CELL RECEPTOR DELTA LOCUS POLYMORPHISM IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to identify new susceptibility markers for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), we analysed the dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the T cell receptor delta locus (TCRD) in 65 RA patients and 99 healthy Belgian controls. A significant under-representation of the A4-A5 TCRD genotype was observed in the RA population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00221.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00224.x
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  • 25
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    THE FIRST HLA ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE KUWAITI POPULATION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA antigens of the Kuwaiti population are not as well characterized as those of other international ethnic groups. We present results for HLA typing of Kuwaiti individuals using commercial Biotest sera. Six hundred and seventy one Kuwaiti were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C antigens and 399 were typed for HLA-DR, -DQ antigens. Antigen frequency and gene frequency were computed for each phenotype observed. The antigens with the highest frequencies were HLA-A2, A1 and A3; B5, B12 and B7; Cw″4 and Cw-l; DR52, DR5, DR3 and DR7; DQ1 and DQ2. HLA haplotypes with strong linkage disequilibrium and characteristic of Kuwaiti population are A2-B5, A1-B8, B7-DR7 and B8-DR3. A comparison study with other populations is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00200.x
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  • 26
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    MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CYP21 GENE MUTATIONS CARRIED ON HLA-B14 POSITIVE HAPLOTYPES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA-B14 positive haplotypes have increased frequencies in a group of patients with puberty disorders, IgA deficiency and cancer of the ovary. Clinical investigations demonstrated that all these patients have high values of 170H progesteron after the ACTH test which suggests an alterated function of 21 hydroxylase enzyme. In order to investigate whether these B14 positive haplotypes carry the same CYP21 mutation in the various diseases and controls, we have amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the sections of CYP21B gene which include amino acid positions 172 and 281 where typical mutations are known to occur in 21 hydroxylase deficiency. The presence or absence of the defined mutations was tested by oligonucleotide hybridization using oligonucleotides, labelled with DIG-ddUTP, designed to hybridize with the mutated or with the normal sequence. It was found that regardless of whether the subject tested was a patient or a healthy control the mutation at position 281 was found in all cases carrying HLA-B14, DR1 haplotype. Interestingly, this mutation does not seem to be in association with HLA-B14, DR7 haplotype.These findings suggest that CYP21 gene plays a role in all these differing diseases although it must be stressed that there may be alternative explanations for the observed data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00204.x
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  • 27
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    Gm and Km PHENOTYPE FREQUENCIES IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS (CAH) B VIRUS INFECTION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Patients with CAH, extrahepatic HBV manifestation and healthy children were studied for presence of Gm 1,2,3,10,21 factors and Km 1 factor. Significantly higher frequency of Gm (1, 2, 3, 10, 21) phenotype was shown in CAH group as compared with the other two groups. Relationship between Km factors and examined groups was not found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00207.x
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    British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00211.x
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  • 29
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    HLA-DQA1 AND DQB 1 ALLELE AND GENOTYPE CONTRIBUTION TO IDDM SUSCEPTIBILITY IN AN ETHNICALLY MIXED POPULATION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles have been determined in 42 families with one IDDM proband and 64 healthy controls, by oligotyping (PCR-SSO) using primers and probes from the XI International Histocompatibility Workshop. A positive DRB1 *03 and DRB1 *04 association with the disease was observed, whereas DRB 1*11 and DRB 1 *07 showed negative association but 19% of patients carried DRB1 alleles different to DRB 1 *03 or *04. When single alleles were considered, DQA1 *03 showed the strongest association with susceptibility to the disease (RR = 8.2, Pc = 0.00001) but this association was outgrown by 2 and 3 allele combinations, with genotype DRB 1 *04-DQA 1 *03-DQB1*0302/DRB1*03- DQA 1*0501- DQB 1*0201 showing the strongest association (RR = 28, Pc = 0.002). Application of the relative predispositional effect (RPE) method to our data, revealed a further susceptibility risk provided by the DRB1*13-DQA1*0102-DQB 1*0604 haplotype once DR3 and DR4 haplotypes were removed. When DQA1-DQB1 genotypes were analysed for presence of Arg 52 (DQ α) and absence of Asp 57 (DQ β), genotypes SS/SS were found significantly increased in diabetics. Interestingly, one of the strongest associations with the disease was observed with the DQA 1*03-DQB 1*0201 combination encoded mainly by genes in trans (RR = 11.7 Pc = 0.00004). These observations and their comparison with DR-DQ haplotypes in more homogeneous ethnic groups support the stronger influence of the DQ molecule rather than the individual DR or DQ alleles in the susceptibility to IDDM. They also emphasize the need for detailed HLA haplotype studies in non-Caucasian and ethnically mixed populations to gain further insight into the nature of genetic and environmental factors contribution to autoimmunity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00213.x
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  • 30
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    TNF Nco-I RFLP IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human TNF genes are located within the MHC class-III region on chromosome 6. The presence or absence of an Nco-I restriction site in the 5’ non-coding sequence of the TNFβ gene defines two alleles (TNFB*1 and TNFB*2). The segregation of these alleles has been associated with levels of TNFα or TNFβ production in systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in healthy control individuals.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by high levels of TNFα within the synovial fluid and to address the question of whether this could be brought about by a genetic predisposition to high TNF production by RA individuals, we examined the distribution of this Nco-I polymorphism in 98 healthy volunteers and 123 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. No difference was observed between the normal and RA groups with respect to haplotype segregation or allelic frequency. Furthermore, no difference was observed between DR4+ or DR4- individuals in the control or RA groups.These data demonstrate that the high level of TNFα seen in the joints of RA patients is unlikely to be due to a genetic predisposition of these patients to high TNFα production, as defined by the TNF Nco-I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00219.x
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    NOMENCLATURE FOR FACTORS OF THE HLA SYSTEM, 1994 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00222.x
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    INDICATIONS OF AN AUTOIMMUNE COMPONENT IN LP(a) ASSOCIATED DISORDERS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The exceptionally strong independent association found between Lp(a) lipoprotein [Lp(a)] levels and atherosclerotic disorders indicate that Lp(a) is a factor of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The association between Lp(a) and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and renal diseases suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in immunological mechanisms.Lp(a) has a great tendency to aggregate and bind to glucosaminoglycans, fibrin and fibronectin and is preferentially retained in the extracellular matrix during development of atherosclerosis and is in vitro phagocytosed by macrophages, probably as small aggregates. It was previously found that the Lp(a) level is significantly related to the HLA class II genotype in male patients with early coronary artery disease. In this paper additional results of interleukin determinations in relation to HLA type and Lp(a) levels are presented and discussed. It is suggested that an autoimmune process, perhaps triggered by a concomitant intracellular infection may occur, especially in patients with inherited high Lp(a) levels in combination with certain inherited HLA class II genotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00201.x
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  • 33
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    DPB1 LOCUS PCR-RFLP TYPING OF THE FOURTH ASIA-OCEANIA HISTOCOMPATIBILITY WORKSHOP CELL PANEL REVEALS A NOVEL DPB1 ALLELE (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DPB1 locus typing of the 155 cell 4AOHW panel was performed using a PCR-RFLP method. Ambiguity of allele assignment was resolved by amplification using sequence-specific primers. Of the 150 cells for which typings were achieved, three exhibited unusual restriction enzyme fragment patterns, suggesting the possibility of novel DPB1 alleles. Sequence analysis revealed one allele present in the currently reported 46, one novel allele (4AOHW/107) not present among the 46, and one from a non-human primate which is being investigated. Twenty-six (26) of the 34 10IHW cells have been studied previously by cDNA RFLP, and strong haplotypic associations have been demonstrated between DPA1 and DPB1 locus alleles. It is proposed that exploitation of intron polymorphisms marking haplotypes will be an integral part of future DPB 1 typing as a ‘first-pass’ stratification process to minimize the requirement for sequence-based methods to definitively assign DPB 1 alleles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00205.x
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    DISTRIBUTION OF HLA-A*28 ALLELES IN A SPANISH POPULATION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA oligotyping was used to determine HLA-A28 subtypes in 25 unrelated Caucasian individuals living in or around Seville, Spain. Results showed that HLA-A*6802 was the most frequent allele, found in 14 individuals (53.8%), followed by HLA-68.3, which was present in eight subjects (30.8%), and both combined represented 84.6% of A28+ individuals in the area. The HLA-A*6801 allele was found in three individuals (11.5%), whereas HLA-A*6901 was present in one subject only (3.8%). Results indicate that the distribution of HLA-A28 alleles can vary among different Caucasoid populations. In this way, the high frequency obtained for A*6802 supports previous studies suggesting that the HLA-A*6802 allele was prevalent in people of the Mediterranean basin, in contrast to A*6801, prevalent in northern European populations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00181.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00185.x
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    MHC IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A STUDY ON A KUWAITI POPULATION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA alleles were studied in Kuwaiti patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although significant association of B5, B8, and DR3 has been reported in the literature, the most common phenotype for our patients is A3, DR2 as susceptible alleles and DQ1 as a protective gene.
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    SEROLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW HLA-B7 VARIANT ANTIGEN –HLA-B7QUI (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A new HLA-B antigen, HLA-B7Qui that appears to be a variant of HLA-B7 has been identified. This antigen, which is HLA-Bw6 associated, reacts with approximately two-thirds of cytotoxic antisera stimulated by HLA-B7 or B27 that lack a B27 or B7 component, respectively. All anti-B7+27 antisera (stimulated by either B7 or B27) react with B7Qui as do most B22-stimulated sera possessing a B7 component. However, sera stimulated by B60, with or without a B7 component, fail to react with B7Qui.Family studies show the B7Qui allele to be unique to the haplotype –HLA-A32 CW6 B7Qui Bf*S C4A*6 C4B*1 DR11 DQ7 (GL02). Six Caucasoid subjects on the panel of 6861 HLA-typed potential bone marrow donors have this antigen (phenotype frequency, 0.08745%; gene frequency, 0.04473%). Work undertaken during the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop (Reekers et al., 1992) showed that B7Qui has the same isoelectric point as HLA-B702 and HLA-B703 (Bpot) and that B7Qui is distinct from the HLA-B7 variants B703, B7SL, BDT, B7x40, BRI, and B41v.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN TERATOMA CELL LINES FOR THEIR IN VITRO DEVELOPMENTAL PROPERTIES AND EXPRESSION OF EMBRYONIC AND MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 8 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five human teratoma cell lines have been characterized for the presence of a certain number of marker antigens whose presence or absence has been shown to be characteristic of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Four out of the five lines have been shown to respond to at least some of the criteria associated with murine EC cells even though only limited in vitro differentiation could be demonstrated. The significance of certain unusual marker antigen combinations present on the cell line Tera I and its clones and so far unobserved for the murine model is discussed. The observation in Tera I populations of cells carrying simultaneously both the F9 and β2-microglobulin or HLA antigens, suggest that the human cell lines may represent a novel material for the study of mammalian differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00752.x
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    BOOK REVIEW (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 8 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Principles of Gene Manipulation. Studies in Microbiology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00753.x
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    GENE FREQUENCY AND LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF HLA-DRB1*04 HAPLOTYPES IN A SOUTH WALES POPULATION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA-DRB1*04 allele frequencies have been determined in 184 HLA-DR4-positive unrelated blood donors from the South Wales area, using group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers, and PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis.Eight of the fifteen known HLA-DR4 sequences were detected in this study. Linkage disequilibrium analysis of HLA-DRB1 *04 and HLA-B, -DR and -DQ alleles revealed distinct haplotypic associations for all the major alleles detected in this population, including the novel linkage of HLA-B55 with DRB1*0407.These results are relevant to the role of HLA-DRB 1*04 haplotypes in determining allogeneic histocompatibility and disease susceptibility.
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    A CLASS I cDNA FROM SPAFAS LINE-11 CHICKENS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A chicken MHC class I (B-F) cDNA from SPAFAS line 11 embryonic liver tissue was isolated and characterized by nucleotide sequencing. Comparing this sequence with previously described B-FcDNAs highlights clustered nucleotide substitutions in exon 3, encoding amino acids located on the a-helical region of the α2 domain.
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    HLA DOA-DQB HAPLOTYPES IN A SWEDISH POPULATION (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Samples from 94 Swedish blood donors were analysed for HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles by the PCR-SSO technique used in the XIth Histocompatibility Workshop. Seven DQA1 and 12 DQB1 alleles were identified and a total of 17 haplotype combinations were found deduced from the most probable allele combinations. Frequencies calculated from these haplotypes were compared to those calculated from the phenotypes according to Mattiuz et al. (1970). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 17 haplotype combinations deduced. Eight haplotype combinations had exactly the same frequencies and four had approximately the same frequencies independent of the calculation method used. The DQA1*0301-DQB 1*0302, DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, DQA1* 0101-DQB1* 0501, and DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 were the most frequent haplotypes with frequencies over 0.130.
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    British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00168.x
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    T-CELL RECEPTOR α, δ, AND γ CHAIN GENES IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the genotypic, haplotypic, and allelic distribution of germline Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of T-cell receptor (Tcr) α, γ, and δ loci in 75 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 84 healthy blood donors as control population. The restriction endonuclease PvuII produces three allelic fragments of Tcr C-γ (TcrCG) gene segment of 16,13, and 11.3 Kb respectively. Our observations revealed that PvuII/TcrCG RFLP allelic distributions were not significantly different in the IDDM and the control group. However, 85% of IDDM patients carried HLA DR3 and/or DR4 haplotypes, and when comparing these patients with a second group of HLA DR3+ and/or DR4+ healthy individuals, the 11Kb/PvuII fragment of TcrCG gene was found to be associated with IDDM patients (χ= 11.4, P= 0.003). 54.9% of IDDM patients carried at least one 11.3 Kb allele vs. 21% in controls (χ= 10.77, P = 0.004). No significant association was found between RFLP in Tcr, Cα, Cδ, Vγ9 loci and IDDM.
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  • 45
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    GENETIC CONTROL OF LEISHMANIA MAJOR INFECTION IN CONGENIC, RECOMBINANT INBRED AND F2 POPULATIONS OF MICE (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The outcome of subcutaneous infection with L. major NIH 173 was evaluated in a series of recombinant inbred and congenic strains, as well as F2 progeny generated from a genetic linkage testing stock carrying the visible markers Ra, Os, and Pt. The disease parameters monitored were the incidence of open or necrotic lesions and footpad depths of infected feet, and the incidence and number of amastigotes in livers following infection. Regions of mouse chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 8, 12 and 15 were excluded from linkage to a gene (Scl-1)involved in the susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to cutaneous infection with L. major NIH 173 by F2 and congenic strain analyses. Strain distribution patterns generated for Scl-1 in the CXB and CXS recombinant inbred strains suggested linkage to the distal end of mouse Chromosome 11.
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    ROLE OF A GENETIC REGION ON CHROMOSOME 4 IN THE REGULATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY IN MICE (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Natural killer cell (NK) activity is regulated by both the H-2 and non-H-2 genes. Using bilineal congenic HW26C and HW13 mice which differ from the background strain C57BL/6By (B6) in a region of chromosome 4, we investigated the role played by a gene/genes in a segment of chromosome 4 of BALB/cBy on NK cell activity. Percoll separated low density spleen cells from young HW26C and HW13 mice showed a 3.5 fold higher NK activity than the B6. We also observed that the increase in NK activity of HW26C was not due to an increase in the number of NK cells. Using five other bilineal congenics containing different regions of chromosome 4 of BALB/cBy, we observed that the putative gene(s) regulating NK activity may be located between b and IFN-α/β genes of chromosome 4. The level of NK activity of (B6xHW26C)F1 ranked between the HW26C and B6 suggesting that the gene product described is inherited in an incompletely dominant fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00157.x
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    HLA CLASS II TYPING IN A MICROTITRE PLATE FORMATE USING DIGOXIGENIN-LABELLED AMPLIFIED DNA AND BIOTIN-LABELLED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a new, non-radioactive microtitre plate assay for the analysis of genetic variations at the DNA level. The new method combines hybridization of oligonucleotides with PCR amplified DNA in liquid phase with detection in solid phase using an elisa-reader. Genomic DNA is labelled with digoxigenin during PCR using a nucleotide mix containing DIG-11-2′-deoxy-uridine-5′-triphosphate (DIG-11-dUTP) DIG labelled, amplified genomic DNA is hybridized in solution with an oligon de which is labelled with one biotin at its 3′-end, using biotin-16,2′,3′-dideoxy ine-5′-triphosphate (BIO-16-ddUTP) and DNA deoxynucleotidylexo-transferase (TdT). The hybridized complex is immobilized in a streptavidin (SA) coated microtitre plate via the biotin and detection of digoxigenin is performed using anti-digoxigenin horseradish peroxidase, fab fragments (anti-DIG-POD), and the colorimetric substrate 2,2′-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolinsulfonat[6]) (ABTS®). The resulting absorbtion of the assay is analysed in a microtitre plate reader. This method results in highly specific and sensitive hybridization signals and with the 15 oligonucleotides chosen, allows the typing of DR1-DR10.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00161.x
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    A NEW Pk PHENOTYPE IN THE P BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A healthy 22-year-old woman was noted to have erythrocytes of the Pk phenotype: a strong Pk antigen, no detectable P antigen and anti-P antibody in her serum. Her erythrocytes contained four to six times as much Pk glycolipid (globotriaosylceramide or CTH) and approximately half as much P glycolipid (globotertraosylceramide or globoside) as normal red cells. The structures of CTH and globoside were characterized by analysis of permethylated sugars and complement fixation in addition to chromaographic mobility and sugar composition. Inasmuch as the erythrocytes of two Pk individuals that were analysed previously (Marcus et al., 1976) contained no detectable globoside, these abnormalities appear o represent a new phenotype in the P blood group system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00738.x
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  • 49
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    HIGH FREQUENCY OF THE PROPERDIN FACTOR Bf F1 AND ITS LINKAGE TO HLA IN FRENCH BASQUES (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied 201 unrelated French Basque individuals for HLA and Bf polymorphisms. The haplotypes of eighty-seven of them were deduced from family studies. The results show the frequency of the Bf F1 allele (0.1393) which is the highest one currently reported. They confirm the high frequencies of HLA-Aw19.2 and B18 previously reported in that population and show that a whole haplotype with strong linkage disequilibria, namely Aw19.2, Cw5, B18, Bf F1, DRw3 is frequent. On the other hand, the gene frequency of Bf S is decreased (0.5497) as compared with the other European Caucasoïd populations, while a slight increase in the Bf F gene frequency (0.2960) appears. These results point out that it is of importance to consider the genetic background in choosing the population where linkage disequilibria are to be studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00739.x
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  • 50
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    NON-H-2-LINKED GENETIC CONTROL OF RESISTANCE TO BALB/c FIBROSARCOMA METH-A (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genetic control of hybrid resistance to BALB/c fibrosarcoma Meth-A was investigated. A Meth-A tumour grew slower in (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 and reciprocal hybrid mice than in syngeneic BALB/c mice and was also found to grow slower in females than in males. Significant F1 resistance was demonstrated after both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of tumour cells. However, (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 mice did not show any significant resistance to Meth-A. In H-2 linkage studies of [BALB/c X (BALB/c X C57BL/6)] backcross mice, no statistically significant differences in the resistance of H-2 heterozygotes and homozygotes to Meth-A were observed. These results indicated that F1 hybrid resistance to Meth-A was controlled by non-H-2-linked resistance factor(s). No linkage was observed between resistance to Meth-A and coat colour c- and b-loci.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00740.x
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    Nomenclature for human complement factor B (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this note is recommended a unified nomenclature for allotypes and variants of human complement factor B, which was approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00149.x
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  • 52
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    QUANTITATION OF HLA CLASS II ANTIGENS ON B-CELL LINES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By quantitation of elutable immunoglobulin G in a recently described elisa, the number of HLA class I and II molecules on B-cell lines was determined using monomorphic monoclonal antibodies. An average number of 183 000 binding sites per cell for HLA class I-, 99000 for HLA-DR-, 63000 for DQ- and 42000 for DP-specific monoclonal antibodies were determined. The small amount of HLA class II molecules can in part explain the difficulties observed in HLA class II typing or in detection of class II antibodies using the lymphocytotoxicity text.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00109.x
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  • 53
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    HLA-DRB1* GENE SEQUENCES IN HLA-DR4 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The second exon of the DRB1 gene encoding for the first domain of the HLA-DR β-chain was sequenced in 16 patients (10 DR4/DR1 positive, 6 DR4/DR1 negative) with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We could confirm the strong association of susceptibility to RA with functionally equivalent conformations on otherwise distinct MHC molecules. At least one HLA-DR allele in all of the analysed DR4 or DR1 positive patients showed such an epitope with a minimal variability limited to residue 71.However, in HLA-DR4 and -DR1 negative patients such a similar epitope could not be detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00096.x
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  • 54
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    SHARED EPITOPES OF THE HLA-DR10 MOLECULE RECOGNIZED BY MURINE AND HUMAN mAbs (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to produce mAbs directed specifically against HLA-DR10 molecule, transfected mouse L cells, expressing the DRB 1*1001 allele, were used to immunize C3H mice over a period of 4 weeks. Two mAbs, 2C12 and 4B6, derived from this fusion were found to recognize, with different affinity, polymorphic epitopes of DR10 that are shared with DR1, 3, 7, and 9. These mAbs were screened on a large panel of homozygous B lymphoblastoid cell lines using microlymphocytotoxicity and the results were confirmed by flow cytometry. The reactive pattern of 2C12 and 4B6 was compared to that of MP10 human mAb also recognizing the DR10 specificity in addition to DR1, 2 and 9.Based on serologic specificity and cellular absorption experiments, we conclude that the epitopes the murine and human mAbs respectively recognize on the DR10 molecule, are probably different.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00100.x
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    COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4 DEFICIENCIES AND GENE ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Deficiency of complement component C4 is considered playing a role in the genetic predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the genomic alterations of the C4 and CYP21 genes in 40 caucasoid patients with SLE by C4 allotyping and by RFLP analysis. Nineteen patients (47.5%) carried C4A null alleles and eight patients (20.0%) C4B null alleles. SLE patients had more frequent C4A null alleles (47.5%) than healthy individuals (20%) (X2= 10.75; P 〈 0.005). The commonest molecular alteration in the patients with C4A null alleles was a large gene deletion affecting both C4A and CYP21A genes. However, among the patients with C4A null alleles, 16.7% persons had no detectable C4A deletion. The non-expression of C4A gene might be due to defects at various levels of gene expression (i.e. transcription and translation).Among the patients with C4B null alleles, 62.5% persons had no detectable gene lesion, whereas 37.5% showed a C4B deletion including both C4B/CYP21A or C4B/CYP21B genes.Duplication of the C4B gene was not rare in SLE patients, as we found 15.0% of the patients with a heterozygous C4B/CY21A gene duplication. The patients typed as having C4B gene homoduplication (B1,1) demonstrated two long C4B loci, whereas heteroduplication (B1,2) displayed two short loci, therefore the type of C4B gene duplication may be related to the gene length.In conclusion, C4 deficiencies observed in 26 of the 40 SLE patients studied were very heterogeneous. In every case, the gene alteration affected both C4 and CYP21 genes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00091.x
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  • 56
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    FUNCTIONAL ANTIGEN BINDING BY THE DEFECTIVE B CELLS OF CBA/N x C3H/HeN F1 MALE MICE (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CBA/N mice have an X-linked B cell defect which prevents them from responding to non-mitogenic thymic independent (TI-II) antigens such as dinitrophenylated (DNP-AGG) Ficoll. The F1 male progeny of CBA/N female mice express the same defect. Spleen cell suspensions from such defective mice (CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 males) could not respond to DNP-AGG-Ficoll following in vitro immunization and subsequent transfer into irradiated, syngeneic, F1 male recipients as expected. In contrast, normal CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 female spleen cells could respond and effect a ‘rescue'; they mounted strong plaque-foriming cell 7 days after in vitro exposure to DNP-AGG-Ficoll and subsequent transfer into irradiated F1 male recipients. Defective F1 male spleen cells could bind significant quantities of DNP-AGG-Ficoll, however, after, in vitro exposure. Extensive washing of these spleen cells could not reverse this binding. Such DNP-AGG-Ficoll-exposed and washed F1 male spleen cells could, after transfer, aid normal untreated F1 female cells in their rescue function. The defective F1 male spleen cells could convey immunogenic quantities of DNP-AGG-Ficoll to the ‘rescuing’ F1 female cells.Mitomycin treatment of F1 male cells did not interfere with their conveyor function. Goat anti-mouse μ serum impeded the passive antigen conveyor function of defective F1 male cells as did prior exposure to high concentrations of free DNP-AGG hapten. Our data support the view that the B cell defect of CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 male mice does not relate to antigen binding, but rather to an inability to be effectively triggered by certain cell-bound polymeric antigens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00735.x
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  • 57
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    ONE-STEP MOLECULAR HLA-DR PRESCREENING EMPLOYING A SET OF 14 SEQUENCE SPECIFIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDES IN A NON-RADIOACTIVE TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE HYBRIDIZATION PROTOCOL (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A novel non-radioactive protocol for molecular generic HLA-DR typing is introduced, employing sequence specific oligonucleotides (SSOs) enzymatically 3′-labelled with biotin-14-dATP via terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase in a tetramethylammonium chloride hybridization procedure. The detection reaction is carried out, using streptavidine conjugated horseradish peroxidase which is bound to the SSOs, in combination with a light emitting detection system. Fourteen SSOs and one control SSO are employed for generic HLA-DR typing in a one-step protocol. In order to demonstrate the suitability of this procedure, 5 homozygous typing cell lines and samples of 11 pretyped individuals which include most serologically defined HLA-DR specificities (DR1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 52, and DR53) are analysed with the panel of 14 SSOs. The typing results show that this protocol, which avoids the use of radioisotopes, combines high specificity and easy handling. It also allows typing of poorly amplified samples because even after longer exposition times no false positive signals were observed and is particularly suitable for routine molecular HLA-DR typing on the generic level. In addition it can easily be adapted to DP and DQ typing or DR subtyping.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00082.x
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  • 58
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    C5 DEFICIENCY IN A/J MICE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY AMYLOIDOSIS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to determine whether C5 deficiency in the mouse is associated with resistance to the development of secondary amyloidosis. Chronic inflammation was induced in the F2 progeny, derived from matings between amyloid-susceptible and amyloid-resistance mice, by daily injections of azocasein for thirty days. Using a restriction fragment length polymorphism generated by digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme HindIII, C5 sufficient and deficient DNA can be clearly differentiated. Eight mice were found to be C5 sufficient, 32 were heterozygotes and 14 were found to be C5 deficient. Grading of the splenic amyloid load from negative to 4+ was performed after staining tissue squashes with Congo red and viewing them under a polarizing microscope. Seventeen mice were noted to have negative to trace, 18 had moderate (1+-2+) and 19 had heavy (3 H+-4+) amyloid deposition. There was no correlation between splenic amyloid load and C5 deficiency. Based on these results it is clear that C5 deficiency and resistance to secondary amyloidosis are not associated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00085.x
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    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00087.x
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  • 60
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    TWELVE HLA-DR6-RELATED DRB1 ALLELES AND ASSOCIATED DR, DQ HAPLOTYPES IN TRADITIONAL AUSTRALIANS AND OTHER POPULATIONS OF ASIA-OCEANIA (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relative distributions of 12 HLA-DR6-related HLA-DRB1 alleles in indigenous populations of Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and northern and southern China have been determined by analysis of nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in 364 examples of HLA-DR6 positive chromosomes. Oligonucleotide hybridizations of polymerase chain reaction products of HLA-DQA1, DQB1, DRB1 and DRB3 genes generated 24 HLA-DR6-related haplotypes. The study aimed to determine the regional distribution of DR DQ haplotypes associated with three novel HLA-DR6 alleles, namely DRB1*1408, 1409, and 1410, known to occur in Australian Aborigines, to gain further insights into the molecular phylogeny of these alleles. DRB1*1408 was the most common HLA-DR6 subtype in Oceania, although it was not detected in Chinese. In Australian Aborigines and Papua New Guinean highlanders, DRB1*1408 was associated with DRB3*0202, while in Polynesians and Micronesians it was associated with DRB3*0101. The different haplotype arrangements, together with the near absence of DRB1*1408 in coastal Melanesians, suggest the possibility that two independent mutations have generated DRB1*1408 in Australia and Oceania. DRB1*1409 and 1410 alleles were confined to Australian Aborigines, while DRB1*1407 was found exclusively in Melanesians; DRB1*1401 was the only HLA-DR6 allele represented in all study populations. The population-specific HLA-DR6 alleles and haplotypes have important implications for unrelated bonemarrow donor registries in Australia and Oceania.
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    ALENA LENGEROVÁ (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00928.x
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    THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OF RHESUS MONKEYS: XIII. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF DR AND OTHER B-CELL SPECIFIC ANTIGENS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Results of a population study with all currently available B-cell specific alloantisera indicate that eight antigens controlled by the RhLA-linked DR locus can now be identified. This leaves a gene frequency of about 0.15 for unidentified or ‘blank’ antigens of that locus. Of the nine identifiable la antigens which are not controlled by the DR locus, three or four may form the basis of a second series which is probably also controlled by the RhLA region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00727.x
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  • 63
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    TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN MICE SELECTED FOR HIGH OR LOW ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Induction of tolerance to bovine serum albumin was studied in mice selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody responsiveness and in their F1 hybrids. No high or low zone tolerances were obtained in H mice whereas L mice were susceptible to tolerance induction by the two schedules. H mice were immunized by repeated injections of tolerogenic BSA for low zone tolerance induction but not after the administration of a single high dose of tolerogenic BSA. Resistance to tolerance induction is dominant in F1 hybrids.
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  • 64
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    DISCONTINUOUS GENES AND DNA SEQUENCE TRANSPOSITION: A MODEL FOR IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHAIN SYNTHESIS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An attempt is made to account for immunoglobulin chain synthesis in terms of genetic events involving IS or controlling elements analogous to those found in bacteria, maize and drosophila. Transposition of variable and constant genes and normal immunoglobulin chain synthesis as well as qualitative and quantitative abnormalities might be explained by such regulatory elements. Intrachromosomal transpositions over short distances would be expressed as apparent hypermutability or redundancy of the variable DNA segment. The constant gene might comprise four sequences coding for the three homology domains and the hinge, separated by intervening sequences. A strong preference for shortrange transposition on the same chromosome and immobilization of the controlling element in the end might account for allelic exclusion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00930.x
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  • 65
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    Fab2 FRAGMENTS FROM HLA XENOANTISERA SPECIFICALLY BLOCK CYTOLYSIS MEDIATED BY HLA-A, B ALLOANTISERA (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fab2 fragments from antisera raised in rabbits with partially purified cellular and serum HLA antigens were tested for their ability to block the cytolytic activity of operationally specific HLA-A, B alloantisera. One Fab2 fragment preparation blocked the cytolytic activity of all the HLA-A,B alloantisera tested; the remaining nine inhibited the lytic activity of alloantisera to certain HLA-A,B allospecificities, suggesting that these xenoantisera contain antibody to certain HLA-A,B allotype determinants or to closely associated structures. In contrast to previous reports in the literature none of the xenoantisera contained significant amounts of antibodies to human β2-microglobulin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1980.tb00931.x
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    HETEROGENEOUS EXPRESSION OF BLOOD GROUP A-DETERMINANT IN A HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE DERIVED FROM A BLOOD GROUP A INDIVIDUAL (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human gastric cancer cell line MKN 45 was derived from the tumour of a blood group A individual, and was known to express large quantities of blood group A-antigen. Using immunofluorescence we found the MKN 45 cells, donated from the Japanese Cancer Research Resources Bank, consisted of A-antigen positive cells (18%) and A-antigen negative cells (82%). After limiting dilution, wild type and mutant cells were cloned with regard to the expression of a cell surface A-antigen. ELISA was used to detect A-antigen in the cell extract of the wild type cells, but none was evident in those of the mutant cells. However, blood group A-gene-specified transferase activity of the mutant cells was comparable to that of the wild type cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00042.x
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    COMPARISON OF TCR-αβ SEQUENCES OF CROSS-REACTIVE ANTI-DR ALLOREACTIVE T-CELL CLONES: IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE CONTACT RESIDUES BASED ON CHARGE COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN TCR CHAINS AND DR DETERMINANTS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We analysed alloreactive T-cell clones selected for their differential recognition of DR variants differing in the third hypervariable region (hvr) of the DRB1 gene (amino acid positions 67–70–71). This polymorphism leads to two main hvr3 types: a basic form (Leu67-Gln70-Arg/Lys71) and an acidic form (Ile67-Asp70-Glu71) where residue 70 is probably directly accessible to the TCR on DRβ chains. The TCRs have been sequenced. Three DRw13-reactive clones use similar Va2 and Vβ13 gene family members but differ mainly by their cross-reactivity towards acidic or basic DR4 variants and by the sequence of CDR3 on their TCRα and/or β chains. One anti-DRw13 clone cross-reacts with most specificities sharing the DRw13 type of hvr3 and reciprocally one anti-DRBon (DRB1*0103) clone cross-reacts with DRwl3. These two clones use similar V0 genes and share negative charges in CDR2α at position 56. They also share these negative charges in CDR2α with two other clones reacting specifically with DRBon, the acidic variant of DR1. We hypothesized that the selective recognition of positively or negatively charged residues on the DR(3 chain would necessitate reciprocal charges on the TCR complementarity determining regions (CDRs) responsible for this interaction. This facilitated identification of those residues of the TCR that possibly interact with the hvr3 determinant of HLA-DR. From these observations the mechanisms allowing the recognition of alloantigens by these T-cell clones are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00044.x
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    NON-RADIOACTIVE OLIGOTYPING FOR HLA-DR1-DRw10 USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, DIGOXIGENIN-LABELLED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a rapid non-radioactive DNA typing of the serological types DR1-DRw10 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA and 15 sequence-specific oligonucleotides (SSO) which are labelled enzymatically at their 3’end with one digoxigenin (DIG). The hybridized SSOs were detected using anti-DIG alkaline phosphatase and Fab fragments and visualization was obtained with the chemilumine-scent substate 3-(2‘-spiroadamantan)-4-(3′-phosphoryloxy)-phenyl-1,2-dioxetan (AMPPD). The results were identical with those of the previously used 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (BCIP)/4-nitrobluetetrazolium chloride (NBT) system. The use of AMPPD is more rapid and allows the repeated rehybridization of the membrane-bound DNA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1991.tb00032.x
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    IMBALANCE OF MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION IN 3LL TUMOUR CELLS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell lines and a clone established from the C57BL/6 (H-2b) Lewis lung (3LL) tumour were previously characterized with respect to tumour growth and metastatic spread in vivo, and to the expression of a 3LL tumour-specific antigen (3LL TA) using a monoclonal antibody raised in syngeneic mice immunized with 3LL cells. No correlation was observed between the presence of 3LL TA and the prevention of metastatic spread which suggests that the immune recognition of this tumour antigen requires the presence of a self H-2 molecule absent from these tumour cells. Indeed, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and cytofluorometric analysis using specific monoclonal antibodies have shown that the H-2Kb molecule was not expressed at the cell surface of all 3LL cell lines and clones, while the H-2Db molecule was present at normal levels. This defect, which was not the consequence of a lack Of (32m expression, was accompanied by an absence or a marked reduction of the H-2K mRNA level (which has been reversed in the M4 cell line by in vitro gamma interferon treatment), while the H-2D class I gene was normally transcribed. Another defective transcription was also observed for a gene in the Tla region (gene 37). This low‘37’phenotype was corrected by in vitro treatment of the M4 cell line with gamma interferon, which indicates that this class I gene of the Qa/Tla region has an interferon response sequence in the promoter.
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    SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MURINE HEPATITIS VIRUS (Type 3)-INDUCED PARALYSIS IS INFLUENCED BY CLASS I GENES OF THE MHC (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using H-2 recombinant congenic strains of mice, genetic analysis of resistance to murine hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3)-induced paralysis was performed. It appeared that both H-2K and H-2D, two class I gene regions of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC), can play independent significant roles in the establishment of such resistance.
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    NOMENCLATURE FOR FACTORS OF THE HLA SYSTEM, 1990 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1991.tb00027.x
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  • 72
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    EXTENDED HLA-DQw2 HAPLOTYPES: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The HLA-DQw2 specificity, homogeneous in serology, is strongly associated to two HLA-DR specificities: DR3 and DR7. These alleles are found mainly on DQw2 bearing extended haplotypes with strong linkage disequilibrium. We describe, with BamHI, HindIII and RsaI, two restriction fragments length polymorphisms (RFLP) for the A gene of DQw2. These two subtypes correlated with the DR3 and DR7 specificities. Interestingly, by non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE), two DQα chains were also found, respectively correlated with the same DR specificities. In addition, Hindi polymorphism allowed us to distinguish several patterns of B genes for (DR7) DQw2 haplotypes but without any detectable association with another HLA marker. However, only one DQ(3 chain was found by NEPHGE in the (DR7) DQw2 haplotype. Furthermore, MncII discriminated the B genes of the two extended haplotypes: (B8, DR3) DQw2 and (B18, DR3) DQw2. The same result was found by NEPHGE: two DQβ chains were described, corresponding to the same extended haplotypes. The use of exon-specific DQB probes showed that the genomic polymorphism in DOw2 haplotypes is located, at least, at the 3’end of the gene. These data add new characteristics to the different DQw2 extended haplotypes.
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    ANALYSIS OF Ly5 CHROMOSOME 1 POSITION USING ALLELIC DIFFERENCES AND RECOMBINANT INBRED MICE (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Differences between the mouse Ly5a and Ly5b alleles can be distinguished on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction enzyme analysis and differential monoclonal antibody reactivities. To more precisely map the Ly5 gene on the mouse chromosome 1, analytical DNA and protein tests were performed on recombinant inbred strains of mice prepared from SJL/J (Ly5a) and B ALB/cke (Ly5b) progenitor strains. Each recombinant inbred strain was characterized to determine whether it carried the Ly5a or Ly5b allele. Both assays, DNA-PCR and protein-immunofluorescence, yielded identical results for each strain examined. Placement of the Ly5 gene with respect to other characterized markers of mouse chromosome 1 for these recombinant inbred mouse strains shows a gene order of Idh-1.Ity:Pep3:/Ly5, CfhJ.
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    APPLICATION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TO HLA-C LOCUS TYPING (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polymerase chain reaction/oligonucleotide typing was used to identify HLA-Cw*0601 (Cw6) in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The assignment of HLA-Cw*0601 was established by the concordant presence of codons for alanine (position 73), lysine (position 80) and tryptophan (position 97). The frequencies of all three codons were increased in the patient groups.
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    ABSTRACTS OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1991.tb00023.x
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  • 76
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    IMMUNOGENETIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN THYROGLOBULIN-REACTIVE T CELL LINES AND HYBRIDOMAS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The in vitro proliferative response of T cells primed with human thyroglobulin (Tg) was compared in 11 independent haplotypes on B10 background. B10.K and B10.S mice were the most responsive, whereas, with the exception of B10.PL (H-2u, all other B10 congenics were intermediate responders. The two best responders to in vitro challenge with human Tg, of the k and s haplotype, are the same as those showing H-2-linked susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with mouse Tg. Since shared epitopes on human and mouse Tgs have been shown to be thyroiditogenic by adoptive transfer studies in CBA (H-2k) mice, the findings indicate that shared epitopes may be studied in appropriate (i.e. EAT-susceptible) strains of mice. Therefore, we proceeded to develop methods to produce T-cell lines and hybridomas to human Tg in B10.K and B10.S mice, test their cross-reactivity to heterologous Tgs and their Ia restriction patterns. By using antigen-presenting cells from recombinant strains, we identified restriction elements encoded by the I-A subregion alone and a combinatorial molecule from the I-AI/I-E subregions.
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    VHDJH TO JH JOINING IS NOT BLOCKED IN μ-CHAIN-PRODUCING PRE-B CELLS, IMPLYING THE BREAKDOWN OF ALLELIC EXCLUSION (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intracytoplasmic μ-positive pre-B cells (μ+VH315− cells) transformed with Abelson virus continuously produced cells (μ+VH315+ cells) that were double-stained by anti-μ and anti-VH315 antibodies which specifically recognized the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region identical or closely related to that of MOPC315 myeloma protein. Southern blot analysis indicated that the μ+VH315+ cells were generated from the μ+VH315- cells by the VH315·D·JH2 to a germline JH3 joining on the non-productive VH315·D·JH2 allele, which resulted in the production of μ-chains with variable region detectable by anti-VH315 antibodies. Therefore, it is strongly indicated that VHDJH to JH joining is not blocked in μ-chain-producing pre-B cells, and thus is free from allelic exclusion machinery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00891.x
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    PREFACE (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00874.x
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    SEROLOGICALLY DEFINED Rh DETERMINANTS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Forty-six numbered Rh antigens which are detected in serological tests are extant; antigens which were most recently numbered are of high or of low incidence. The identification of high incidence Rh antigens through studies involving cells with rare Rh phenotypes, including Rhnull cells, is described briefly. The serological investigations and family studies required to show that a low incidence antigen is an Rh antigen are illustrated by a description of the JAL (Rh48) antigen. Heterogeneity of polymorphic Rh antigens revealed by using monoclonal antibodies (MABS) is demonstrated by consideration of the Rh antigen D. A summary of results of serological tests shows that monoclonal anti-D antibodies define eight D epitopes. Partial D antigens of the D categories are reassessed in terms of expression of D epitopes.
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    MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST Rh AND Rh RELATED ANTIGENS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00882.x
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    REPORT OF STUDIES ON MONOCLONAL ANTI-IgG ANTIBODIES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eleven monoclonal anti-IgG antibodies were evaluated by ten laboratories for possible AHG reagent use by the ISBT/ICSH protocol. Three of the anti-IgGs were selected by tests with weak Fya sensitized cells as this represents the best screening test. One of the IgM class anti-IgGs (205) equalled ISBT/ICSH reference reagents (R3P and RIIIM) against weak anti-D, -K and Fya sensitized cells and it reacted with all four subclasses of IgG. Thus, subject to satisfactory stability and extended trials with a wide range of weak antibodies, monoclonal anti-IgGs for AHG reagent use are now a possible alternative to conventional rabbit anti-IgG.
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    MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF H-2 CLASS I MOLECULES EXPRESSED ON THE UV-INDUCED TUMOUR 1591 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have biochemically characterized by 2D (two-dimensional) electrophoresis three novel class I molecules called A166, A149 and A216 expressed by 1591, a UV-induced fibrosarcoma, and have compared them to class I molecules expressed by mice of the H-2q and H-2s haplotypes. A166 and A149 are very similar if not identical to Dq and Lq respectively. We have shown, using HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography) tryptic peptide mapping, that the expression of A166 is approximately three fold greater than A149, reminiscent of Dd compared to Ld. In addition A216 possess an identical isoelectric point to that of the Ks molecule. We demonstrate that outbred Swiss Webster mice express an analogous constellation of class I molecules and we conclude that our results can be most easily interpreted in terms of an allogeneic origin for the novel class I molecules expressed on 1591.
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    POST-TRANSLATIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF HUMAN IgA IDENTIFIED BY IMMUNOISOELECTROFOCUSING (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Immunoisoelectrofocusing (IIEF) reveals a microheterogeneity of human serum IgA controlled by an autosomal polymorphic gene, termed S. The microheterogeneity disappears when sialic acid is removed from serum glycoproteins by neuraminidase treatment. It can be postulated, therefore, that S encodes a sialyltransferase which attaches sialic acid at the outer prosthetic chains of IgA.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF MHC ANCESTRAL HAPLOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS: EVIDENCE FOR INVOLVEMENT OF NON-HLA GENES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with several DR3- or DR4-containing ancestral haplotypes (AHs). Using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), long range maps of 35 haplotypes have been derived and classified. Two diabetogenic DR3-containing AHs (8.1 and 18.2) possess deletions in the central non-HLA region; these have not been found on non-diabetogenic AHs tested to date. In addition, 8.1 and 18.2 also carry other deletions not found on other AHs. Three DR4 containing AH lack a Not 1 site, which may imply excision of an unidentified gene. These and other data suggest that deletions may be relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, possibly through causing quantitative differences in autoimmune responses involved in IDDM. The MHC contains several regions of potential interest in relation to susceptibility to IDDM; these may explain the association with only certain DR3- and DR4-carrying AH and DR3,4 heterozygosity in terms of cis and trans interactions. On the other hand, the class I1 region may be particularly important in protection.
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    BOOK REVIEW (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A. Read: Medical Genetics: An Illustrated Outline.
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    THE FUTURE OF MABS WORKSHOPS AND THE FUTURE OF BLOOD BANKS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00886.x
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    INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS SECONDARY TO CHRONIC PANCREATITIS IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HLA OR THE OCCURRENCE OF ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We assessed HLA-DR types and investigated serum samples for islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA) in 31 Danish patients with chronic pancreatitis. The antigen frequencies were compared with those in 1177 unrelated healthy Danish controls. Twenty patients had insulin-dependent diabetes and 11 had normal intravenous glucose tolerance. No significant differences in the frequencies of DR3, DR4, or DR2 were found between patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and patients with normal glucose tolerance or between any of these groups and controls. ICA were negative in all patients with chronic pancreatitis. It is concluded that the beta-cell dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes in chronic pancreatitis differs from that of classical insulin-dependent diabetes.
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    LINKAGE OF NEUTROPHIL RESPONSE TO A MUTAGEN GENE (Nrm-1) TO THE AGOUTI LOCUS IN THE RAT (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ACI or BDIV rats responded with decreased or increased neutrophil levels in blood after the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administration. The F1 hybrids had decreased neutrophil counts, and the BDIV × (BDIV × AC1)Fl backcross offspring showed two phenotypes. The sex of the rats and the neutrophil response to MNU assorted independently. The results indicated that the neutrophil response to MNU was regulated by autosomal gene Nrm-1 with two alleles. The Nrm-Id regulates the decrease and the Nrm-1i regulates the increase of neutrophils in blood after the MNU administration. The results were confirmed by the SKUMIX computer program.We found that the Nrm-1 gene was linked to the agouti locus (chi-square = 10–3, P 〈 0.001). The map distance between two genes was 33 ± 5 cM. The Nrm-1 gene thus resides on the linkage group IV of the rat.
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    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIGENS DEFINED AT THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL BoLA WORKSHOP (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparison of lymphocyte antigens showed that 32 of the 33 BoLA antigens defined at the third international BoLA workshop (Bull et al., 1989) corresponded to previously defined local antigens (Stear et al., 1988). The third workshop antigen w18 had no locally defined equivalent. All 32 antigens were shown in family studies to be expressed by autosomal co-dominant genes, and all 32 workshop antigens were shown to be products of the BoLA system. After excluding the supertypic antigens, nearly all animals tested possessed only one or two antigens and there were no observed recombinants in family studies. These results do not exclude the possibility that the 32 workshop antigens are the products of one locus (BoLA-A).
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    METHYLATION PATTERN OF THE HLA-DRα GENE IN HUMAN TISSUES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The CCGG and GCGC sites of the human HLA-DRα gene are hypermethylated in human tissues (including B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, muscle, brain, sperm, skin, kidney, suprarenal and mammary glands) and three B-lymphoid cell lines. Therefore, the HLA-DRα gene can be transcribed even though extensively methylated. The only exception to the hypermethylated state of the HLA-DRα gene is represented by one or both of the two HhaI sites (H1 and H2) localized in the 5’portion of the gene. Analysis of the computer-generated secondary structure of the HLA-DRα mRNA suggests that the H1 and H2 sites belong to a region (5′-GAGCGCCCA-3′/5′-UGAGCGCUC-3′) exhibiting extensive base pairing. Therefore, unmethylation of these CG sites can contribute in preventing mCG→TG/CA changes in this region, which would lead to extensive alterations of the secondary structure of the 5’portion of the HLA-DRα MRNA.On the other hand, the selective pressure to maintain unaltered the methylated CG dinucleotides in the coding regions of the HLA-DRα gene could be due to codon restrictions, since the majority of the methylation-related CG→TG or CG→CA variations would generate aminoacid changes.Accordingly, the analysis of different HLA-DRα genomic sequences indicates that variations of the CpG dinucleotides occur only in the non-coding portions of the HLA-DRα gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00859.x
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  • 91
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    HLA-B8,DR3 PHENOTYPE AND LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several reports have shown that HLA-B8,DR3 positive subjects may display some changes in immune parameters when compared with HLA-B8,DR3 negative ones and are prone to develop several immunological diseases. In the present study we have analysed the proliferative response to phytohaemagglutin (PHA) in HLA-typed healthy subjects. A twin method was also employed to assess the role of genetic and environmental factors in the regulation of the response to the mitogen. It was not possible to demonstrate any difference in proliferative response to optimal doses of PHA between groups of subjects carrying or not carrying the HLA-B8,DR3 phenotype. When suboptimal responses were studied, however, the results showed that ly-mphocyte responses were significantly decreased in HLA-B8,DR3 positive subjects compared with the negative ones. Moreover, the experiments performed with twins demonstrated that environmental factors were more important than genetic factors in the proliferative response to mitogen. The fact that the HLA-B8,DR3 phenotype affects the suboptimal response to PHA although environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in the response to the mitogen seems of some interest. However, these results could be consistent with the high incidence of autoimmune disorders among HLA-B8,DR3 positive individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00863.x
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  • 92
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    EXPRESSION OF I-Aαk AND ALLELIC RESTRICTION ON Aα/Aα PAIRING IN TRANSGENIC MICE (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell surface expression of class II major histocompatibility complex encoded (la) molecules depends on association of the component α and β chain into a stable heterodimer. Studies on cell lines transfected with MHC class II genes have revealed important limitations on the assembly of haplotype-mismatched Aα:Aβ complex. In order to study α: β chain pairing restrictions in vivo a number of lines of transgenic mice carrying the Aαk gene were generated. The transgene was studied in the context of H-2b, H-2s, H-24, H-2u, H-2f and H-2v haplotypes. Initial FACS analysis of spleen and peripheral blood cells showed no Aαk expression. Spleen cells stimulated with LPS and analysed by FACS showed Aαk expression in three different H-2b strains as well as H-2u, but not in others. These data indicate that Aαk can associate with Aβb and Aαk, but not with Aβs,Aβq, Aβf, Aβv.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00867.x
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  • 93
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    EDITORIAL (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00058.x
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  • 94
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    RESTRICTED EXPRESSION OF LW ANTIGEN ON SUBSETS OF HUMAN B AND T LYMPHOCYTES (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: NIM-M8 is a monoclonla IgM antibody, specific for the LWab antigen as shown by its reaction with red cells of all donors except those lacking LWa, LWb and LWab. Indirect immunofluorescent staining and cell sorter analyses have shown that LWab is present on a subpopulation of human lymphoctes. Cell fractionation studies indicate that subsets of both B and T cells express LWab and it may, therefore, provide a further marker for heterogeneity in these lymphocyte populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb00816.x
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  • 95
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    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS: THE Wrb ANTIGEN IN Sta-POSITIVE AND DANTU-POSITIVE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Immunoprecipitation using a monoclonal antibody showed that the Wrb antigen is present on the abnormal (δ-α) hybrid sialoglycoprotein of Sta-positive human erythrocytes but not on the abnormal (δ-α) hybrid sialoglycoprotein of Dantu-positive erythrocytes. These results provide further information regarding the nature and location of the Wrb antigen on the normal erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb00822.x
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  • 96
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    CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY IN THE BABOON (PAPIO CYNOCEPHALUS): EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT AND FETAL LYMPHOID CELLS (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied structural and functional characteristics of lymphocytes from adult and fetal baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte antigens and plant lectins was used to define expression of surface antigens on lymphocytes from adult and 140 day fetal baboons (term = 180 days). Major T cell antigenic determinants on adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes were the Tp50, Tp32-45, and p45 glycoproteins detected by monoclonal reagents T11, OKT8, and OKT10 respectively. Baboon T lymphocytes did not react with the OKT3/anti-Leu4 or OKT4/ anti-Leu3a reagents which detect, respectively, Tp19-29 and Tp55, major surface glycoproteins on human T lymphocytes. OKT6, which identifies the human TL antigen equivalent on thymocytes, did not react with baboon thymocytes. These data demonstrate major evolutionary divergence between human and baboon T lymphocytes. By contrast, baboon lymphocytes resembled human peripheral lymphocytes in reactivities with several non-T cell reagents. Lectin binding studies revealed substantially fewer peanut agglutinin-and wheat germ agglutinin-binding cells in suspensions of baboon fetal splenocytes and adult peripheral lymphocytes compared with fetal thymocytes. Thereffore, maturation of baboon T lymphocytes is associated with loss of surface carbohydrate structures that bind these lectins. Adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes resembled human and murine lymphocytes in their capabilities to respond to mitogens and to produce interleukin-2. As in oter species, adult, but not fetal baboon lymphocytes, mediated NK activity against a variety of nucleated target cells. Despite divergence in lymphocyte antigen epression, babbon lymphocyte functional development colsely parallels that seen in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01058.x
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  • 97
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    GENETIC STUDY OF TUNISIAN BERBERS. I. Gm, Am AND Km IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND ABO BLOOD GROUPS (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes and ABO blood groups were studied in three groups of Tunisian Berbers.The results showed that the actual Berbers of Tunisia present certain heterogeneity and their ancestors were probably the first inhabitants of North Africa. Indeed, although their Gm-Am haplotypes are mainly Caucasoid, some of them are typically African.The group of Kesra village, the most Caucasoid, shows frequencies of Gm-Am haplotypes very close to those of South European populations, particularly the Spanish, who are probably of the same origin. The gene frequencies of the ABO groups in the three Berber groups were similar to those recorded in European populations with a relatively high frequency of the O genes typical of the Berbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01044.x
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  • 98
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    H - 2 ANTIGENS OF CERTAIN t AND NON-t MICE REACT WITH THE SAME MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 11 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibody 212.i.4.2 mediated complement-dependent lysis of spleen and lymph node cells carrying the tw1, tw12, tw71, t6, tw73, and tLub1 haplotypes, while cells from mice carrying 11 other t haplotypes were not lysed. The antibody also detected an epitope controlled by genes in the H-2Dd region of non-t mice. A molecule of 46,000 molecular weight was immunoprecipitated by 212.i.4.2 from detergent extracts of 125I-labelled spleen cells of +/tw12 and B10.D2 mice. The H-2dm2 mutation did not alter the expression of the epitope recognized by 212.i.4.2. However, the H-2dm1 mutation decreased the reactivity of lymphoid cells with the antibody in cytotoxicity tests, and 212.i.4.2 immunoprecipitated little or no protein from extracts of B10.D2(R106) spleen cells which carry the H-2dm1 mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01047.x
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  • 99
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    PCR-SSO TYPING IN HLA-DISEASE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Associations between a large number of diseases and markers within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been described. In particular, susceptibility to several autoimmune disorders, including type I diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, is linked to genes within the MHC and strong population associations are demonstrable between certain HLA class II alleles and these conditions. Genetic mapping of HLA susceptibility loci has traditionally relied on the use of phenotypic markers defined by alloantisera, cellular typing reagents and biochemical analysis of histocompatibility antigens. Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) typing combines the ability to define the finest of HLA specificities, by analysis of the corresponding DN A sequences, with the possibility of studying large populations of normal and affected individuals. The applications of this technology to characterizing precisely the MHC loci associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, coeliac disease and pemphigus vulgaris are reviewed here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1991.tb00013.x
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  • 100
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBLE HLA MOLECULES IN SWEAT AND QUANTITATIVE HLA DIFFERENCES IN SERUM OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Soluble class I molecules were immunoprecipitated from human sweat and serum using the BB7.7 monoclonal antibody (mAb) coupled to immunomagnetic beads. Molecules were analysed biochemically on SDS-PAGE gels and finally by 1D-isoelectric-focusing (IEF). Serum- and sweat-HLA IEF-band patterns of the same individual were fully identical, showing that HLA excreted in sweat possess polymorphic structures like those in serum. Quantitatively, we used a highly sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay to determine soluble class I concentrations. The first group was that of non-HLA-A9 and -Bw62 sera, which were found to contain HLA levels with a mean concentration of 0.82 ± 0.63 μg/ml (n= 44). However, sera that were HLA-A23 or −24 (splits of HLA-A9) contained higher levels, with a mean of 3.2 ± 0.94 μg/ml (n= 20). Similarly, HLA-Bw62 individuals had a higher mean of 2.05 ± 0.65 μg/ml (n= 10). The difference of the HLA-A9 group to the first group was statistically highly significant, P 〈 0.0001, and that of the HLA-Bw62 to the first was also significant, P 〈 0.004. Individuals who were both HLA-A9 and -Bw62 (n = 5) did not express significantly higher levels than those who only had one of these specificities. Sweat HLA levels had a mean of 0.42 ± 0.4 μg/ml (n= 10). These results show for the first time that soluble class I peptides are excreted in relatively high concentrations in sweat and possess polymorphic structures identical to those of serum HLA and that serum HLA levels are allotype dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1990.tb00890.x
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