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  • Geneve
  • Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
  • éditions Quae
  • 2020-2024  (275)
  • 2015-2019  (122)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Where and how will we do our shopping tomorrow? With the rise of digital platforms, self-service is being called into question, in the food sector as elsewhere. And yesterday's customer journey is being groped and reinvented. This book imagines four likely scenarios up to 2050. For each of them, it shows how the platforms, based on a specific customer journey, will bring out a new food offering. The products in each scenario combine distinctive modes of consumption and production. In the Personalisation scenario, customers delegate the anticipation of their desires to a platform, which offers them a personalised food stream for their well-being; the offering sees the merging of final processing and local logistics. In the Commitment scenario, empowered customers accept that a platform will control and radically change their diet for the common good; the platforms coordinate to steer the transition to a sustainable food system. In the Community scenario, customers looking for authenticity want to join short-distance platforms where genuine, strong relationships are forged between producers and consumers; the supply chains are decentralised. In the Low Price scenario, customers who have lost interest in their food use platforms to access commoditised products at very competitive prices; production becomes globalised and costs are crushed. This book is aimed at retail professionals, public authorities, researchers and students, as well as consumers and anyone interested in the market economy.
    Keywords: food ; consumer ; economy ; market ; modelling ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJE E-commerce: business aspects
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels by human activity, reinforce the greenhouse effect and cause climate disruption. While public awareness of this global problem is growing, ocean acidification, described as "the other CO2 problem", is still largely unknown. This book answers ten key questions on the biogeochemical foundations of acidification, past, current and future trends, the impact on marine organisms and on humans, and finally, ways to remedy the situation. It draws its answers from fields as diverse as biogeochemistry, ecology, physiology, evolution, aquaculture and fisheries, economics and sociology.
    Keywords: seaweed ; aquaculture ; biodiversity ; climate ; shellfish ; crustacean ; sustainable development ; seawater ; ecology ; ecosystem ; seabed ; fisheries ; oyster ; sea ; mollusc ; oceanography ; fish ; pollution ; seafood ; forecast ; fisheries resources ; sediment ; toxicity ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest::WNCS1 Sea life and the seashore: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Language: French
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Each year, the world burns an area of forest and natural vegetation equivalent to that of Europe. Climate, human activities and vegetation are the three main factors that control fires and sometimes modify their behaviour and even their danger. The danger is therefore increasing in certain "hot spots" around the world where most fires are concentrated, particularly with the development of mega-fires. However, the millennia-old history of fires in the world teaches us that fire is a natural process that is essential for the maintenance of many ecosystems and species. In many countries, it is also an ally in cultivating the land. The effects of fire can therefore be dramatic, but also beneficial. There is little literature on fire on a global scale. Aimed at decision-makers as well as a wider public, this book, illustrated with numerous examples, is a synthesis of current knowledge on the ecology of fire and its geography. It suggests that it is possible to live sustainably with fire provided that we adapt and manage landscapes intelligently, in order to reduce the risk of fire while preserving biodiversity.
    Keywords: land use planning ; biodiversity ; climate ; sustainable development ; ecology ; ecosystem ; forest fire ; geography ; landscape ; natural hazard ; vegetation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKF Fire protection and safety ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKF Fire protection and safety
    Language: French
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  • 4
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Torrential hydraulics occupies an intermediate position between classical fluvial hydraulics and soil and rock mechanics (ground movements); it uses concepts common to fluvial hydraulics, sometimes departing from them. Published in 1992, this book sets out the problems specific to torrent hydraulics, describing the particular phenomenon of debris flow through a qualitative description of a famous debris-flowing torrent and its workings. Shifts in meaning also affect certain concepts when moving from river hydraulics to torrential hydraulics: viscosity and concentration are more complex to use in torrential hydraulics. New theories are then presented: fluid mechanics-type research work that tackles the problem of which model to apply to which torrential flow, starting with knowledge of the behavior law (rheology) and ending with knowledge of the flow law. Many of the tools developed by researchers are still far from being directly applicable to engineering problems, apart from physical scale models. This study then focuses on methods that can be used by people in the field: we will no longer talk about behavior laws and velocity profiles, but only about average velocities. This change in the level of our approach will enable us to use the few existing field measurements, which until now have only concerned the global parameters of torrential flows. A book for students and teachers with a scientific background in classical hydraulics.
    Keywords: development;technical consulting;river;dyke;freshwater;energy;hydrology;flooding;modeling;water resource;technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology & the hydrosphere
    Language: French
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, INRAE and Ifremer were entrusted in 2020 with the task of conducting a collective scientific assessment on the impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The results, released in May 2022, confirm that all types of terrestrial and aquatic environments, all of their compartments and most of the organisms found there are contaminated by plant protection products. Contamination varies according to the distance from the areas where the products are used, mainly in agriculture. It has direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems, in particular the decline of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate and bird populations, as well as the alteration of ecosystem functions and services. Different levers contribute to mitigating contamination and its impacts, with varying effectiveness depending on their combination (regulations, conditions of use of products, etc.). This expertise identifies research needs, in particular to better understand dynamic phenomena in a context of multiple pressures on the environment. The aim is to characterise and predict the impacts and to improve the procedures for assessing the risks associated with the use of plant protection products. This book is intended for all actors and decision-makers concerned by the use of plant protection products, whether they are involved in the legal, political, industrial or associative fields, or in research or teaching.
    Keywords: agriculture ; agronomy ; watershed ; biodiversity ; contamination ; river ; sustainable development ; water ; seawater ; freshwater ; ecology ; ecosystem ; environment ; flora ; risk management ; herbicide ; plant protection ; animal pathology ; pesticide ; public policy ; pollution ; plant production ; toxicology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-11
    Description: Faced with the ecological imperative, how have public action and professional and citizen practices been positioned and reconfigured in France in the fields of urban planning and architecture since the 2000s? How have the injunctions of sustainable development and ecological transition been translated into public policies, mediation mechanisms and project situations? This book analyses, from a comprehensive and critical perspective, the political, professional, citizen, scientific and media spheres that have mobilised and interacted to negotiate this societal shift. It describes the tensions that have arisen between an approach to the ecological city that is still marked by normative and productivist logics, and another based on the idea of sobriety and the capacity of the citizen-inhabitant to control the transformation of his or her living environment. In an economic context strongly influenced by neo-liberal logics, it questions the very notion of 'factory' which has progressively replaced that of production in the fields of urban transformation since the beginning of the third millennium. This book brings together articles by a group of researchers - sociologists, geographers, urban planners, architects - who are members of different scientific laboratories in France and who have actively contributed to this reflection. It is intended for academics and students of architecture, urban planning or urban engineering, as well as for practitioners and actors in charge of developing ecological urban policies.
    Keywords: planning ; land use ; climate ; sustainable development ; ecology ; environment ; urban space ; land ; inhabitant ; Ile de France ; landscape ; public policy ; prospective ; regulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning
    Language: French
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-11
    Description: Animals are all around us. We overlap with them in environments across the globe, which leads to myriad interactions, including shared infectious and parasitic diseases. Such diseases, known as zoonoses, are the focus of this book. Within its pages, the authors describe the nature and transmission of zoonoses, discuss the diseases of greatest concern, detail different protective measures, and examine the factors responsible for zoonosis emergence and evolution. This work encourages readers to delve deeper into the world of animals and microbes that surrounds us. It presents knowledge we must possess to better protect ourselves and, more importantly, to adopt a more holistic approach to our relationships with animals and the living world.
    Keywords: biodiversity ; ecology ; epidemiology ; wildlife ; animal pathology ; health ; virus ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, health & safety::KNXC Health & safety issues
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In the South, access to land and its resources, its control and its uses are crucial issues. At the heart of the challenges of state-building, agricultural development, food security and environmental sustainability, land is also a marker of identity and a recurrent source of conflict. Over the past twenty years, a great deal of research has renewed knowledge on these issues. In a processual and multidisciplinary approach, this book offers an overview of rural land dynamics in the South. Based on a very rich international bibliography, it deals with the main themes related to land issues: from local practices and dynamics (evolution of land rights, land markets, conflicts, etc.) to public policies (agrarian reforms, programmes for the formalisation of land rights), including issues of method and land expertise. Each chapter proposes a critical dialogue between the questions, the categories of analysis and the results of the research. This book is a unique reference tool for students, researchers and development practitioners who wish to deepen their understanding of land tenure dynamics in contemporary rural areas.
    Keywords: Africa ; agriculture ; land use ; Latin America ; Asia ; economic development ; environment ; land ; geography ; market ; public policy ; food security ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVH Human rights, civil rights ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFF Food security and supply
    Language: French
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Let's ask the question around us: "Why don't people change?" The answer will most often be: "because they are too attached to their privileges, traditions, achievements, relationships, cultures, lands, etc. They will never change! They will never change!" This theory that attachment prevents change is common sense. However, for many years, researchers who study the concept of attachment, and in particular attachment to place, have shown that this theory is not validated. On the contrary, attachment can provide security to individuals and support change. This book is based on lessons learned from the literature, as well as on transdisciplinary theoretical and methodological proposals. It is the result of interactions between researchers from different disciplines working in France, the UK, South Africa and Senegal. Reading this book will invite, stimulate and guide students, researchers, decision-makers, users, or anyone involved in processes of change in social and ecological systems in taking into account attachments and affective relationships to accompany transitions.
    Keywords: human activity ; decision support ; spatial planning ; climate ; sustainable development ; rural development ; ecology ; environment ; inhabitant ; public policy ; sociolog ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory
    Language: French
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, INRAE and Ifremer were in 2020 commissioned to conduct a collective scientific assessment of the impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The results, released in May 2022, confirm that plant protection products contaminate all types of terrestrial and aquatic environments, all of their compartments and most of their organisms. Contamination varies according to the distance from the areas where the products are used, principally in agriculture. It causes direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems, notably the decline of populations of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and birds, and the loss of ecosystem functions and services. Different measures can help mitigate contamination and its impacts, with varying degrees of effectiveness depending on the particular combination of measures (regulations, conditions of use of products, etc.). This assessment identifies research needs, in particular to improve our understanding of dynamic phenomena in a context of multiple environmental stresses. It aims to characterise and predict impacts and to improve the procedures for assessing the risks associated with the use of plant protection products. This book is targeted at all stakeholders and decision-makers with an interest in the use of plant protection products, whether they are involved in the legal, political, industrial or non-profit sectors, or in research or teaching.
    Keywords: agriculture;agronomy;watershed;biodiversity;contamination;river;sustainable development;water;seawater;freshwater;ecology;ecosystem;environment;flora;risk management;herbicide;plant protection;animal pathology;pesticide;public policy;pollution;plant production;toxicology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: As in other parts of the world, agriculture in Europe is not sustainable. It must urgently and importantly evolve. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) must foster this evolution. In that perspective, this book draws the contours of an ambitious CAP that would facilitate the necessary agro-ecological transition of agricultural systems in the European Union. The book is divided into three parts. The economic aspects are the subject of the first part. The climate, environmental and health dimensions are addressed in the second part. The third part deals with rural development and innovation. With the exception of the first chapter, which provides a brief history of the CAP, the different chapters are organized according to the same structure. They begin with a description of the issue; they continue with a critical presentation of how the issue has been considered within the CAP to date and, if relevant, in other public policies; they finally propose policy recommendations to better address the issue. Each chapter can be read independently. Even if the disciplines and skills mobilized cover a broad spectrum, the general framework of analysis is that of public economics. This reading key is used both to justify the objectives of the CAP and to define the policy instruments to be implemented in order to achieve these objectives in the most efficient way. The concluding chapter addresses three aspects: first, an analysis of the global coherence of our recommendations, including in terms of their links with other policies than the CAP; second, a critical reading of the June 2021 agreement for the 2023-2027 CAP in the light of our recommendations; third, a reading of our recommendations in the light of the ambition of the European Green Deal for agriculture and food. This book is aimed at all actors interested in the future of the CAP and more generally of agriculture in the European Union: policy makers, agricultural stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, researchers, teachers and students.
    Keywords: innovation ; agriculture ; biodiversity ; climate ; trade ; sustainable development ; ecology ; Europe ; CAP ; public policy ; health ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKF Agricultural law ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKF Agricultural law
    Language: French
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  • 12
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: In France and around the world, there's a growing trend towards board games for agriculture and landscaping. Most of the time, this craze is the result of isolated initiatives, successful or not, based on trial and error. Their design can pose a number of problems for novices. This guide proposes to capitalize on this experience to support the design, animation and evaluation of new games in the fields of agriculture and landscape management. The social environment is at the heart of the guide, as the driving force behind the game and the learning, attitudinal changes and actions it generates. The authors propose a highly operational method for designing a game based on an agricultural or landscape issue, ranging from theoretical concepts to the evaluation of the object created. Each chapter includes a detailed case study to help you understand the design process. The authors' decades of experience have gone into the formalization of this methodology, so that this guide can be used in the field by as many novice designers as possible.
    Keywords: agriculture;decision support;regional planning;landscape;forecasting;research;sociology;development ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPG Rural planning
    Language: French
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Over the past years, controversies about plant intelligence became featured in scientific journals in ecology and plant biology. Mainstream media and educational literature have also taken up the topic. Could plants be intelligent? Could it be true that they talk to each other, assist and defend each other, etc.? What is the scientific truth behind this idea of plant intelligence? Tackling the issue of intelligence in any organism requires us to study and theorize its behavior. Is the behavior of a plant more like the one of a machine? Or more like animal behavior? Or could some of its aspects even be like the human mind? The experimental results are difficult to interpret in a conceptual tradition focused on humans and animals. They entail a controversial –and sometimes unclear – methodological pluralism.
    Keywords: tree;biology;botany;behavior;ecology;flora;research;vegetation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The notion of environmental justice is emerging in the face of evidence of differential access to environmental resources and unequal distribution of environmental risks affecting certain social groups. Often addressed in research in the North, the analysis of criteria of justice or injustice associated with the environment, such as access to water, mineral extraction or the recognition of local communities, has been little studied in Africa. However, many African territories are undergoing unbridled development to accompany their strong growth and to respond to development issues that affect the environment of the local populations. The theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions presented in this book make it possible to identify the issues of environmental justice beyond the traditional perspectives. They show how the historicity of the relations of domination between different types of actors in Africa is a determining variable in the understanding of the notion of justice. This book is intended for researchers interested in socio-environmental justice issues in the South, for NGOs fighting against these injustices, for students of social sciences and spatial planning, and for donors financing infrastructures and confronted with the growing opposition of local or international actors.
    Keywords: human activity ; Africa ; farmer ; agriculture ; planning ; land use ; anthropology ; biodiversity ; contamination ; river ; waste ; sustainable development ; economic development ; rural development ; water ; drinking water ; ecosystem ; environment ; farming ; land ; risk management ; inhabitant ; history ; justice ; migration ; natural park ; pollution ; prevention ; water resource ; health ; sociology ; soil ; labour ; vegetation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues
    Language: French
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Many of the world's large lakes are, in fact, not large enough to cope with the uses to which they are put by human activities, as they have been going on for over a century. The limits of these continental-scale macro-ecosystems are reflected in a whole series of pathologies that affect them and are accompanied by a deterioration in the ecosystem services provided: fishing, water supply, self-purification, dilution of pollution, cultural and recreational services, etc. In addition, all of the tensions involved are now exercised in a context of multi-stress due to climate change. The "large lake" size, inertia and complexity with which it endows the systems concerned, results in new conditions of exposure and responses, difficult to integrate in terms of management. The book offers a multidisciplinary analysis of various restoration experiments carried out on large lakes around the world (successes and failures). Rich in lessons on the safeguarding and preservation of the world's lake heritage, this study opens up avenues of reflection on the future ecological challenges to be met in order to prepare the "lake-watershed-society" systems for the new situation, in terms of climate and pollution. This book is intended for students, teachers and researchers, lake managers, as well as the general public interested in the preservation and restoration of large lakes.
    Keywords: human activity ; algae ; watershed ; biodiversity ; climate ; contamination ; economic development ; water ; freshwater ; ecosystem ; hydrology ; lake ; pesticide ; fish farming ; public policy ; pollution ; prevention ; sediment ; stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPF Freshwater biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest::WNCS2 Freshwater life: general interest
    Language: French
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The advent of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has enabled farmers to free themselves from environmental constraints that limit yields, and has been accompanied by a simplification of agricultural plots and landscapes. The environmental and health impacts of this dominant model, as well as its interrelations with climate change and the erosion of biodiversity, are now well established by the scientific community. Society is increasingly demanding a form of agriculture that meets food needs while respecting the environment and human health, but the transition of farming systems is insufficiently underway. The lack of effective alternatives to synthetic pesticides to protect crops is cited as one of the reasons for this inertia. This collective scientific appraisal takes stock of crop protection strategies based on plant diversification in agricultural plots and landscapes, and analyzes the obstacles and levers to their deployment. It is part of the ""Research-Innovation"" axis of the Écophyto 2+ plan, which supports the production of the knowledge and tools needed to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides. The book is aimed at teachers, researchers and students, as well as players in the agricultural world, land managers, environmental organizations and associations, and any citizen interested in these issues.
    Keywords: agriculture;organic farming;agronomy;decision support;land use planning;biodiversity;sustainable development;ecology;environment;farm;fallow land;biological control;pest management;plant pathology;grazing;landscape;pesticide;public policy;plant production;regulation;cropping system;vegetation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production
    Language: French
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: As in other parts of the world, agriculture in Europe is not sustainable. It must urgently and importantly evolve. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) must foster this evolution. In that perspective, this book draws the contours of an ambitious CAP that would facilitate the necessary agro-ecological transition of agricultural systems in the European Union. The book is divided into three parts. The economic aspects are the subject of the first part. The climate, environmental and health dimensions are addressed in the second part. The third part deals with rural development and innovation. With the exception of the first chapter, which provides a brief history of the CAP, the different chapters are organized according to the same structure. They begin with a description of the issue; they continue with a critical presentation of how the issue has been considered within the CAP to date and, if relevant, in other public policies; they finally propose policy recommendations to better address the issue. Each chapter can be read independently. Even if the disciplines and skills mobilized cover a broad spectrum, the general framework of analysis is that of public economics. This reading key is used both to justify the objectives of the CAP and to define the policy instruments to be implemented in order to achieve these objectives in the most efficient way. The concluding chapter addresses three aspects: first, an analysis of the global coherence of our recommendations, including in terms of their links with other policies than the CAP; second, a critical reading of the June 2021 agreement for the 2023-2027 CAP in the light of our recommendations; third, a reading of our recommendations in the light of the ambition of the European Green Deal for agriculture and food.This book is aimed at all actors interested in the future of the CAP and more generally of agriculture in the European Union: policy makers, agricultural stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, researchers, teachers and students.
    Keywords: agriculture ; biodiversity ; climate ; trade ; sustainable development ; ecology ; Europe ; CAP ; public policy ; health ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKF Agricultural law
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-11
    Description: The development of offshore wind energy is currently under debate. The possible detrimental effects of noise pollution on marine life are a legitimate concern for civil society, industry and political bodies. This book, which brings together experts from various disciplines, reviews the scientific knowledge on the acoustic impact of offshore wind projects on marine fauna and the methods to reduce it. It is written in the context of the expected development of marine renewable energy (MRE) projects and focuses on the impact of noise from offshore works for the construction, operation and dismantling of offshore wind turbines on various compartments of marine fauna (marine mammals, fish, invertebrates, birds and turtles) This book is intended for impact study professionals, researchers, students, MRE industrialists, as well as territorial managers and members of nature protection associations.
    Keywords: human activity ; energy ; environment ; wildlife ; seabed ; risk management ; shellfish ; oceanography ; fisheries ; public policy ; pollution ; prevention ; fisheries resource ; sonar ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities::KNBT Alternative & renewable energy industries
    Language: French
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Intended as guide for designing the fertilization system in oil palm plantations, this book explains in clear language how to define fertilizer recommendations for each plantation, considering the specific characteristics of each site. The authors present the principles for interpreting the results of plant tissue analysis, mainly leaflets, taking into account the influence of factors specific to each plantation (age, plant material, climate, soil). They detail how to experimentally determine site-specific reference levels of mineral elements and sampling rules for monitoring the nutritional status of the plantation. Priority is given to the most specific facies (soil, plant material) of the planted areas rather than to an average representation of the plots. This guide explains how to create fertilization schedules to achieve optimal leaf contents from experimentation, and to compare these data with information from geographic information systems. This decision support system is designed to be valid in all situations. In addition to the economic optimization of fertilization, environmental concerns are considered: soil health and absorption efficiency must be integrated into the fertilization strategy by optimizing cultivation practices for fertilizer application and organic matter management. This guide is illustrated by numerous examples from trials in various soil, climate and plant material conditions in Africa and Latin America.
    Keywords: agriculture ; agronomy ; decision support ; nitrogen ; technical advice ; sustainable development ; fertiliser ; fertilisation ; chain ; nitrate ; oilseed ; palm ; planting ; prevention ; crop production ; soil ; cropping system ; tropics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The STICS crop model has been developed since 1996 at INRA (French National Institute for Agronomic Research) in collaboration with other research and technical institutes. The model syntheses, illustrates and concretizes an important part of the French agronomic knowledge as a point of view on the field and cropping systems working. The formalisations of the STICS crop model presented in this book can be considered as references used in the framework of crop sciences. They will help professionals and students in the partitioning and understanding of the complex agronomic system. The book arrangement relies on the way the model designs the crop-soil system functioning, each chapter being devoted to a set of important functions such as growth initiation, yield onset, water uptake, transformation of organic matter etc. One chapter deals with the cropping system and long term simulations and the final chapter is about the involvement of the user in terms of option choices and parameterization. If this book is mainly intended for scientists who use the STICS model, it can also be useful for agronomists, crop modellers, students and technicians looking for elementary formalizations of the crop-soil system functioning.
    Keywords: agronomy;nitrogen;modelling;crop production;harvesting;soil;cropping system;tropics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Family-run ruminant pasture farms in Mediterranean and tropical territories contribute directly to eight of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. For a long time, these farms have been on the fringe of agricultural investment efforts. However, they have undeniable assets for meeting these SDGs in interaction with other forms of livestock farming present in the territories. However, they also face a number of constraints that call into question their sustainability. The interdisciplinary synthesis presented here aims to answer three key questions: How can the adaptive capacities of these livestock farms be strengthened to respond to climatic, social and economic changes? How can their efficiency be improved at different levels of organisation and at social, economic and environmental levels? Finally, how can these farms contribute to innovation processes for the agro-ecological transition? This book is based on research recently published by the UMR Selmet (CIRAD-INRAE-Institut Agro) on a variety of sites around the world and in a broad international partnership. It is intended for the teaching and scientific community, students, and stakeholders in the livestock sector and in the territories, working at different decision-making levels.
    Keywords: sustainable development ; agriculture ; spatial planning ; livestock ; Mediterranean ; climate ; tropics ; grazing ; stics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Family-run ruminant grazing systems in the Mediterranean and tropical areas contribute directly to eight of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. For a long time, these livestock systems have been on the fringe of agricultural investment efforts. However, they have undeniable assets to meet these SDGs in interaction with other forms of livestock production systems present in the territories. But they also face a set of constraints that call into question their continuity. The interdisciplinary synthesis presented here aims to answer three key questions: How can the adaptive capacities of these grazing livestock systems be strengthened to respond to climatic, social and economic changes? How to improve their efficiency at different levels of organisation and on social, economic and environmental levels? Finally, how can these livestock systems contribute to innovation processes for the agro-ecological transition? This book is based on recently published research by UMR Selmet (CIRAD-INRAE-Institut Agro) on a variety of sites around the world and in a broad international partnership. It is intended for the teaching and scientific community, students, and stakeholders in the livestock sector and in the territories, who are involved at different decision-making levels.
    Keywords: sustainable development ; agriculture ; spatial planning ; livestock ; Mediterranean ; climate ; tropics ; grazing ; stics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture
    Language: French
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: In a context where we are increasingly able to detect and quantify contaminants and highlight their effects on organisms, what can ecotoxicology contribute today? A better understanding of the problems linked to contaminants, which could lead to overprotective measures? Or a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes involved to better manage the ecotoxicity of substances in the environment? This book addresses the major current approaches in ecotoxicology through open questions that readers who are curious to learn more about this discipline or, more generally, who are concerned about environmental issues, may ask themselves. The answers to these questions provide an overview of the main notions of ecotoxicology and the main associated concepts, and explain the changes that have transformed the traditional approaches to this science into a more holistic approach that takes into account the complexity of real-life conditions. Focusing on ecotoxicological processes and mechanisms enables the causal relationships between the presence and ecotoxicity of contaminants to be addressed, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The pursuit of progress in ecotoxicological science is now a major challenge in accounting for the relationship between health and the environment (Eco-Health concept).
    Keywords: contamination ; sustainable development ; water ; freshwater ; ecology ; ecotechnology ; environment ; fauna ; flora ; pollution ; health ; soil ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: French
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Viruses continue to fascinate and frighten us because of their pathogenic nature for plants and animals. In the seas and oceans, they are major players in the functioning of ecosystems. Viruses are the smallest, most abundant and most diverse biological entity known to date in the marine environment, where they perform multiple functions. In addition to their role in cell death and the redistribution of matter, viruses are also a powerful vector for the evolution of their hosts and represent a major source of genetic diversity, rich in discoveries for fundamental and applied research. This book aims to shed light on an invisible biological community that is essential to understanding and explaining the functioning of the oceans. The authors, specialists in the ecology and evolution of aquatic viruses, show how viruses regulate the microbial ecosystems at the base of the ocean's food chains and how their action could, if necessary, affect the climate. This book is intended for students of life and earth sciences, teachers, researchers and academics, as well as for the general public interested in the subject of viruses and oceans.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest::WNCS1 Sea life and the seashore: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest::WNCS1 Sea life and the seashore: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: French
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Family-run ruminant pasture farms in Mediterranean and tropical territories contribute directly to eight of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. For a long time, these farms have been on the fringe of agricultural investment efforts. However, they have undeniable assets for meeting these SDGs in interaction with other forms of livestock farming present in the territories. However, they also face a number of constraints that call into question their sustainability. The interdisciplinary synthesis presented here aims to answer three key questions: How can the adaptive capacities of these livestock farms be strengthened to respond to climatic, social and economic changes? How can their efficiency be improved at different levels of organisation and at social, economic and environmental levels? Finally, how can these farms contribute to innovation processes for the agro-ecological transition? This book is based on research recently published by the UMR Selmet (CIRAD-INRAE-Institut Agro) on a variety of sites around the world and in a broad international partnership. It is intended for the teaching and scientific community, students, and stakeholders in the livestock sector and in the territories, working at different decision-making levels.
    Keywords: agriculture ; land use ; climate ; sustainable development ; livestock ; Mediterranean ; grazing ; tropics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding
    Language: French
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The invasive presence of mosquitoes and their pathogens is changing our daily lives and challenging our lifestyles. Mosquitoes contribute to thousands of deaths worldwide each year by transmitting various parasites and viruses, responsible for diseases with well-known names: malaria, dengue, zika, chikungunya, etc. What is less well known, however, is that mosquitoes also contribute to the balance of ecosystems as a source of food for many species and help pollinate plants. Their great morphological, biological, ecological and genetic diversity must be well understood before solutions can be considered to better control their spread and outbreak, and thus control the transmission of pathogens. Faced with this rapidly evolving threat, innovative and concerted strategies to control these insects are being deployed in many countries. Aimed at a wide audience, but also at students and their teachers, this book, illustrated with numerous examples, is a synthesis of knowledge on mosquitoes and current control methods.
    Keywords: biology ; mapping ; entomology ; epidemiology ; risk management ; identification ; insect ; modeling ; pest ; prevention ; research ; health ; virus ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases
    Language: French
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  • 27
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Jean-Marc Callois proposes to understand the mechanisms of territorial development, to identify the local potential of bioresources and the articulation between uses, to activate the various public policy tools, to articulate the scales of governance and finally to conceive the economic system as an ecosystem. Living resources are a major element in the response to the environmental crisis. Admittedly, photosynthesis has a much lower energy yield than photovoltaics, but it has the advantage of not requiring increasingly rare minerals whose extraction is polluting. Bioresources have considerable potential for creating activities and jobs, well beyond current food and energy uses. They are also a means of revitalising many rural areas in decline. The book sets out a methodological framework for implementing a territorial development strategy based on bioresources. It brings together the various theoretical tools needed to understand the economic mechanisms underlying territorial development and details their practical application. It is also a plea for greater consideration of the bioeconomy in public policies and in economic thinking. This book is primarily intended for regional development practitioners (local authorities, development agencies, consultants, etc.) who wish to implement such an approach to development.
    Keywords: human activity ; agriculture ; decision support ; food ; land use planning ; sustainable development ; economic development ; rural development ; economy ; environmental technology ; employment ; industry ; France ; geography ; economic impact ; public policy ; valorisation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVD Agricultural and rural economics
    Language: French
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  • 28
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The Guide for the evaluation of agroecology proposes an approach and methodological tools to assess, on the one hand, the effects of agroecological practices and systems on the agro-environmental and socio-economic performance of agriculture and, on the other hand, the conditions for the development of agroecology. It aims to help development actors to better design their projects, programmes and public policies in favour of agroecology, to facilitate the creation of references (performance and development conditions) and to support farmers so that they can better evaluate the results of their practices and thus have a decision-making aid. This guide is divided into three parts. The first part presents the general approaches to spot evaluation and monitoring-evaluation. The second part consists of evaluation sheets dealing either with the elements on which agroecology is likely to have effects in the agro-environmental and socio-economic fields, or with the conditions for its development. Finally, the third part offers methodological complements in the form of tool sheets. This book is the result of collaboration between teams from GTAE (Agrisud International, AVSF, Cari and GRET), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRD and the Institut Agro Montpellier.
    Keywords: Africa ; farmer ; agriculture ; organic farming ; agronomy ; decision support ; Asia ; biodiversity ; technical advice ; sustainable development ; water ; ecology ; economy ; ecosystem ; livestock ; employment ; fertilizer ; environment ; equipment ; Europe ; evaluation ; expertise ; farm ; economic impact ; pesticide ; public policy ; crop production ; quality ; harvest ; health ; food safety ; soil ; cropping system ; terroir ; valorisation ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
    Language: French
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  • 29
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Mosquitoes are vectors of many disease-causing agents, such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. According to the World Health Organisation, they cause several hundred thousand deaths each year. They are also the cause of zoonoses, such as Rift Valley fever and West Nile fever. In this context, there is a great need for operational tools to guide surveillance and control actions, both in the South - tropical and subtropical areas are the most affected by mosquito-borne diseases - and in the North, where the establishment of new species such as the tiger mosquito increases the risk of disease emergence. Earth observation imagery is of great interest to meet these needs: the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of mosquitoes are influenced by climatic (temperature, precipitation, humidity) and environmental (availability of water areas, vegetation) variables, indicators of which can be derived from satellite imagery. Many recent studies have developed innovative methods combining remote sensing and spatial modelling to predict the spatial and temporal dynamics of mosquito vectors and associated diseases. Beyond the feasibility study, some of these methods have led to tools and processing chains that are now operational and used by public health actors and vector control operators. This book, intended for students and researchers as well as public health actors, presents a summary of this research work and these tools.
    Keywords: image analysis ; mapping ; contamination ; issue ; entomology ; epidemiology ; risk management ; biological control ; modelling ; pest ; prevention ; health ; information system ; virus ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXC Health and safety in the workplace
    Language: French
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Scientific integrity is defined by the French Research Code as "the set of rules and values that must govern research activities in order to guarantee their honest and rigorous nature". It applies to all knowledge production and dissemination practices. It is essential not only to the smooth running of scientific communities, and to the robustness and reliability of the knowledge produced, but also to the sustainability of public confidence in science. In France, as in other countries, an institutional and legal framework for research has gradually been established, encouraging all players in the world of research to rigorously exercise their responsibility for self-regulation. This book recalls the essential principles of scientific integrity and the stakes involved in respecting them, as well as the role that each player in research must play. It also outlines the context in which this notion has been mediatized, and suggests ways of building a favorable ecosystem. This book is aimed at students and all research professionals.
    Keywords: ethics;research;sociology;work ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAT Legal profession: general::LATC Legal ethics & professional conduct ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: French
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In the early 1960s, French livestock production was at a crossroads, having been disrupted by the impact of agricultural modernisation and European integration. Public authorities and professional representatives agreed to create a development apparatus dedicated to ruminant animal production, in order to facilitate the adoption of innovations resulting from research. This is how the Technical Institute for Cattle Breeding was founded in 1962 and the Technical Institute for Sheep and Goat Breeding in 1967. Initially, the missions of these institutes were limited to testing innovations on experimental farms and transferring knowledge, in line with the modernising measures set out in the 1966 law on livestock farming. However, faced with the great diversity of livestock systems and the growing challenges that they had to face, the agents of the technical institutes began, in the 1970s, to develop original methods to support livestock farmers. At first marginal, this know-how gained legitimacy in the face of the social, economic and finally ecological consequences of the race for innovation and competitiveness. Gathered together in 1991 in a single Institute of Animal Husbandry with cross-disciplinary skills, these agents found themselves confronted with major health crises and the cross-cutting issues of the digital revolution, the advent of genomics, new societal expectations and, above all, environmental issues, which became significant at the turn of the century. Support for the world of livestock farming can no longer be thought of solely in terms of development, it must also take into account the necessary transitions. Based on unpublished archives and the testimonies of men and women who have lived through and supported these changes, this book retraces the little-known history of an engineering department that has played a crucial role in the metamorphosis of French livestock farming, making an important contribution to the debate on the future of the relationship between livestock farming and society.
    Keywords: farmer ; agriculture ; genetic improvement ; cattle ; goat ; rural development ; livestock ; environment ; genetics ; history ; sheep ; public policy ; animal production ; sociology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding
    Language: French
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  • 32
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The phytosanitary protection of vineyards raises many questions of interest to winegrowers. What diseases and pests attack vines in the different producing countries? What vineyard management practices ensure phytosanitary protection? What are the consequences of the use of organic and inorganic pesticides in terms of environmental risks on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems? What are the reactions of biological species to the impacts of pesticides? In order to provide the best possible answers to these questions, researchers from various disciplines (agronomists, agro-ecologists, agro-economists, environmental chemists, hydrobiologists, ecologists, ecotoxicologists) have joined forces to provide scientific explanations, backed up by their experiences on a common study site. The authors also explore strategies for changing winegrowing systems to drastically reduce the current phytosanitary pressure of pesticides on ecosystems and biota. Finally, they examine the action of public policies to support these strategies. Each chapter is accompanied by the testimony of a socio-professional actor or scientific expert, in order to establish a close relationship between the needs in the field and the research conducted. This book is mainly intended for managers of agricultural and environmental services, teachers and students, professionals in the field: wine growers and advisors, river technicians, etc., but also for anyone interested in the issue of pesticides, particularly in viticulture.
    Keywords: organic farming ; agronomy ; algae ; contamination ; river ; sustainable development ; water ; seawater ; freshwater ; ecology ; ecosystem ; environment ; pest control ; pesticide ; public policy ; pollution ; plant production ; soil ; wine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCT Food and beverage technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCT Food and beverage technology
    Language: French
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  • 33
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Marine Ökosysteme wie Mangrovenwälder, Seegraswiesen, Salzwiesen und Makroalgen sowie marine Sedimente verfügen über die Eigenschaft, Kohlenstoff in ihrer Biomasse und Sedimenten zu speichern. Durch die Rehabilitation, Wiederherstellung und den Schutz dieser Ökosysteme kann somit das Potential des Ozeans zur Aufnahme von atmosphärischem CO2 erhöht werden. Dieses Potential wurde in Vorbereitung der 15. UN-Klimakonferenz in Kopenhagen 2009 unter dem Konzept „Blue Carbon" eingeführt und wird seitdem weiter erforscht und in politischen Prozessen weiterentwickelt. Die langfristige Sequestrierung von atmosphärischem CO2 durch Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme unterstützt Umsetzungsprozesse zur Erreichung der Ziele des Pariser Abkommens. Das über Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme sequestrierte CO2 zählt als Teil der globalen Kohlenstoffsenke als „negative Emissionen". So erreichte negative Emissionen sollten jedoch nicht zur Umgehung von ohnehin notwendigen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Schritten in Richtung einer CO2-neutralen Zukunft führen. Die Wiederherstellung und Rehabilitation von Blue-Carbon-Ökosystemen zur Erhöhung der natürlichen Kohlenstoffsenke des Planeten sollte zusätzlich zu einer signifikanten globalen Emissionsreduktion eingesetzt werden. Diese Studie erörtert die wissenschaftlichen, ökonomischen und politischen Fortschritte im Bereich Blue Carbon und stellt mögliche politische Handlungspfade vor, die das Potential von Blue-Carbon-Ökosystemen zum Klimaschutz in, durch und mit Deutschland stärken. Für die verschiedenen Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme wird aufgezeigt, inwiefern die Ausweitung und der Schutz dieser Ökosystemen weitere Ziele der Klimaanpassung und der nachhaltigen Entwicklung unterstützen. Aufbauend auf einer Auswertung praktischer Umsetzungsbeispiele von Blue-Carbon-Projekten und möglicher Finanzierungsmechanismen wird nachfolgend ein politischer Handlungsleitpfaden für Deutschland in Bezug auf Blue Carbon entwickelt. Die politischen Handlungsempfehlungen wurden gemeinsam mit dem Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Nukleare Sicherheit entwickelt.
    Description: Marine ecosystems like mangroves forests, seagrass meadows, salt marshes and macroalgae can store carbon in their biomass and sediments. Rehabilitation, restoration and conservation of these ecosystems can increase the potential for atmospheric carbon uptake by the ocean. This concept was first introduced as ‘blue carbon’ during the preparation for the 15th UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in 2009 and since then it has seen continuous incorporation into politics and research. The long-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 via blue carbon ecosystems supports the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement. The CO2 that is sequestered by blue carbon ecosystems is part of the global carbon sink and therefore it can be counted as ‘negative emissions’ in the global carbon stocktake. However, such negative emissions should not be implemented as a substitute for necessary political and economic measures towards a carbon neutral future. Rehabilitation and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems as a natural carbon sink is one of many measures but cannot replace the significant reduction of global emissions needed for the realisation of the global climate targets. This study discusses the scientific, economic and political realm of blue carbon. Furthermore, possible courses for political action “in”, “by”, and “through” Germany that could strengthen the potential of blue carbon ecosystems to sequester carbon are explored. The study investigates a variety of blue carbon ecosystems to determine to what extent the expansion and conservation of blue carbon ecosystems can support additional climate adaptation targets and Sustainable Development Goals. The evaluation of a multitude of implemented and ongoing blue carbon projects across the globe gives insight to best practices and possible financing mechanisms. A political guideline for Germany regarding blue carbon was developed together with the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
    Language: German
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  • 34
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Este documento sirve de pauta orientativa para quienes deseen colaborar con las Organizaciones Regionales de Ordenación Pesquera (OROP) y explica cómo lograr medidas de conservación en una OROP, mediante el establecimiento de decisiones jurídicamente vinculantes. Se trata de una destilación de experiencias personales que incluye éxitos, fracasos y reflexiones sobre algunos de los aspectos más arcanos o complejos de las OROP. El propósito de este documento es el imperativo del proyecto STRONG High Seas: explorar el fracturado régimen de gobernanza de los océanos y, más explícitamente, ofrecer orientación práctica para apoyar la implementación de la conservación espacial en alta mar. Por lo tanto, este trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la obtención de medidas de conservación espacial, usando ejemplos de otros esfuerzos de conservación de la biodiversidad a la vez que ofrece orientación para lograr medidas vinculantes para cualquier asunto, en cualquier OROP.
    Language: Spanish
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  • 35
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The challenges facing European regions undergoing structural transformations as they transition towards sustainable development pathways have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Straddling the border between Germany and Poland, Lusatia is experiencing considerable transformation pressure. Various domestic and European funding programmes, for example under the umbrella of the European Green Deal, are intended to cushion the impacts of the phase-out or reduction of coal-fired power generation. The recently adopted EU Just Transition Mechanism aims to support sustainable structural transformations and the broader goal of achieving climate neutrality by mitigating impacts on the workforce and contributing to the diversification of economies in the most affected areas. Funds made available through this mechanism should be deployed in consultation with regional stakeholders in Lusatia to complement national support measures. Further funding programmes are available targeting various policy areas and could be harnessed to strengthen integration throughout the region. Funding programmes that are centrally managed by the European Commission (i.e. not under shared management with national governments) are of particular interest in this context. Closer political and economic cooperation, coupled with a deeper exchange of experience, can accelerate regional integration and guide processes of structural transformation towards sustainable outcomes. However, there are some practical hurdles to overcome in border regions. The primary objectives in using available EU funding are to mitigate the social impacts of processes of structural transformation and to deliver a just transition at all levels. Measures funded through these programmes should be aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and contribute to the goal of achieving climate neutrality.
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Ce rapport a été préparé dans le cadre du projet STRONG High Seas, à partir d’une série d’enquêtes menées auprès des parties prenantes et de l’expérience tirée de divers ateliers organisés dans la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est, ainsi que d’études documentaires et d’avis d’experts. Le rapport a été revu par plusieurs experts dans le but de valider les résultats et de garantir la rigueur du contenu. Ce document s’inscrit dans une série de rapports couvrant les questions de gouvernance des océans en mettant l’accent sur les ZAJN du Pacifique du Sud-Est et de l’Atlantique du SudEst et s’appuie sur les rapports précédents publiés par le projet STRONG High Seas. Les autres rapports du projet portent sur le cadre juridique et institutionnel applicable aux ZAJN, l’état écologique et l’importance socio-économique des ZAJN dans les régions du projet, les options de gestion et les mesures de conservation de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN, et les considérations relatives à la gestion intégrée des océans. Ces rapports sont disponibles sur le site web du projet STRONG High Seas.
    Language: French
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Este informe se ha elaborado en el marco del proyecto STRONG High Seas, basándose en una serie de encuestas a las partes interesadas, en la opinión de expertos y estudios bibliográficos, así como en la experiencia adquirida en varios talleres celebrados en la región del Pacífico Sudeste. El informe fue revisado por expertos para validar las conclusiones y garantizar un contenido sólido. Este informe forma parte de una serie de trabajos que abarcan cuestiones de gobernanza de los océanos, centrándose en las ABNJ de las regiones del Pacífico Sudeste y del Atlántico Sudeste, y se basa en informes anteriores publicados por el proyecto STRONG High Seas. Otros informes del proyecto abarcan el marco jurídico e institucional aplicable a las ABNJ, el estado ecológico y la importancia socioeconómica de las ABNJ en las regiones de interés, las distintas opciones en cuanto a medidas de gestión y conservación para la conservación de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ y las consideraciones para la gestión integrada de los océanos. Estos informes están disponibles en el sitio web del proyecto STRONG High Seas. Tras este capítulo introductorio, el capítulo 2 ofrece el contexto pertinente en relación con la gobernanza de los océanos en las zonas que se encuentran fuera de la jurisdicción nacional, las negociaciones en curso para alcanzar un nuevo acuerdo en el marco de la CONVEMAR y las necesidades y enfoques de desarrollo de capacidades relacionados. El capítulo 3 presenta un breve resumen de las encuestas realizadas por el proyecto STRONG High Seas en relación con las necesidades de capacidad en la región del Pacífico Sudeste y el capítulo 4 es un resumen de los correspondientes esfuerzos de desarrollo de capacidad llevados a cabo por parte del proyecto STRONG High Seas. El capítulo 5 ofrece reflexiones y recomendaciones para futuras actividades de desarrollo de capacidades más allá del ámbito del proyecto y destaca las lecciones aprendidas a lo largo de los cinco años de este proyecto. En los Anexos se ofrece información adicional sobre los antecedentes.
    Language: Spanish
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report was prepared as part of the STRONG High Seas project, based on a series of stakeholder surveys and experience gathered through various workshops held in the Southeast Pacific region, as well as on literature surveys and expert opinion. The report was reviewed by experts to validate findings and ensure robust content. This report is part of a series of reports covering issues of ocean governance with a focus on the ABNJ of the Southeast Pacific and the Southeast Atlantic regions and builds on previous reports published by the STRONG High Seas project. Further project reports cover the legal and institutional framework applicable to ABNJ, the ecological state and the socioeconomic importance of ABNJ in the project regions, options for management and conservation measures for conservation of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, and considerations for integrated ocean management. These reports are available through the STRONG High Seas project website. Following this introductory chapter, Chapter 2 provides relevant context with regards to ocean governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the ongoing negotiations towards a new agreement under UNCLOS and related capacity development needs and approaches. Chapter 3 presents a short summary of the surveys undertaken by the STRONG High Seas project with regards to capacity needs in the Southeast Pacific region and Chapter 4 is a summary of the corresponding capacity development efforts undertaken as part of the STRONG High Seas project. Chapter 5 provides reflections and recommendations for future capacity development activities beyond the scope of the project and highlights lessons learned through the five years of this project. Additional background information is provided in the Annexes.
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Local cooperation between civil society and the public sector is becoming increasingly important – in local transformation projects, in science, and occasionally in politics and administration. Commons-Public Partnerships (CPPs) provide a way to frame, promote and extend this collaboration. In civil society, CPPs are typically defined by the practice of commoning, where local communities exercise self-regulation based on the principles of community welfare and the common good. This discussion paper examines the theory and practice of commoning and other forms of cooperation. While focusing on the challenges of social-ecological transformation, the paper also identifies areas where CPPs can be implemented and highlights fields of tension exposed by the concept.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Measures to support conservation efforts must put the protection of biodiversity and/or ecological integrity as the primary objective and consider cumulative pressures on the marine environment. This also means including ecological connectivity (e.g., migratory routes of marine species, transboundary impacts of human activities), and climate change impacts in their design and implementation. Moreover, the complexity and dynamic nature of the ocean, including in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), requires that conservation efforts acknowledge uncertainty, include options to address it or adapt swiftly to new scientific information, and consider the three-dimensional space of the ocean. This also requires that the best available interdisciplinary scientific and indigenous knowledge provide the basis for the design and implementation of such measures. It will be essential that measures to support conservation efforts apply mechanisms for cross-sectoral consultation, cooperation, and collaboration, as well as consider appropriate spatial and temporal scales for implementation. They must reflect broad societal goals and consider uneven distribution of socio-economic outcomes resulting from exploitative activities in ABNJ. Governance and management actions must recognise coupled and diverse social-ecological systems, and the interconnection between ocean health and human wellbeing, including diverse stakeholder considerations in the design and implementation of the measure or approach. It is essential that the design and implementation of measures to support conservation efforts include appropriate means to ensure the regular monitoring, control, and surveillance of human activities as well as the compliance and enforcement of the laws and regulations in place. States are familiar with legal instruments, such as those under the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), International Maritime Organisation (IMO) conventions, International Seabed Authority (ISA), and management measures adopted by the Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs). They have developed governance structures and capacity to support their implementation. The recommendation in this context would be for States to support the consolidation and further development of measures to support conservation efforts with the aim to ensure that they integrate their approach with considerations for ecological connectivity, biodiversity protection, ecosystem-based integrated ocean management and climate change implications for the conservation and management of biodiversity in ABNJ. To be effective, any measures to support conservation efforts proposed for ABNJ in the Southeast Atlantic region must consider the socio-economic and political realities of the countries whose Exclusive Economic Zones border these areas. In this sense, it is important to note the important role that the fishing sector has historically played and continues to play for most economies of this region. The proposed Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Instrument in negotiation at the United Nations, will be fundamental for establishing the legal basis for developing and implementing cross-sectoral measures to support conservation efforts in ABNJ. The way in which the proposed BBNJ Instrument is integrated and how the link to existing conservation and sustainable use measures established under existing management organisations is made will determine the effectiveness of the possible measures to support current and future conservation efforts. In this regard, it is particularly important for the Southeast Atlantic region how existing RFMOs will be able to interact with the proposed BBNJ Instrument. Considering the capacity (technological, experience, financial, logistical) challenges of many of the countries in the Southeast Atlantic, it is important that measures to support conservation efforts under existing international treaties or legal mechanisms be integrated, practical, and cost-effective. The different legal status of the water column and the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction and the different legal provisions in place represent a challenge for the development of a coherent, comprehensive, and integrated approach to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in ABNJ. Lack of uniformity in compliance among flag States and the lack of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms in ABNJ jeopardise the achievement of an integrated approach for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in these vast areas of ocean. The wide array of existing instruments can be used to improve conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ through improved monitoring and enforced compliance. This remains the responsibility of individual flag States, but at present there is limited reporting of vessels and minimum follow up action by flag or port States.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In April 2021, under the “IMPACT R” project, IASS Potsdam and HEDERA Sustainable Solutions GmbH in Berlin, together with University of Rwanda and Sustainable Villages Foundation (SVF), conducted a household survey in two villages in Rwanda. SVF has started an integrated village development pilot project in those two villages and wanted to better understand the local populations’ needs and establish a baseline for impact measurement, in order to track the project’s progress over time. In parallel, focus group discussions and key stakeholder interviews were carried out. The main results are as follows: Over 80 % of households get their main income from agriculture, largely on small plots. Two-thirds of the households have USD 45 or less to spend on a 5-person family, on average. There is no public electricity grid. Half of the households have access to very basic electricity through solar systems; the other half has none at all. Over 90 % of households use wood and open fire pits or handmade clay stoves for cooking, mostly indoors, causing deforestation and health problems because of the smoke. There is no public or private drinking water supply. Villagers collect rainwater and/or surface water, which has to be carried over several kilometers by adults and children. The water is dirty and not treated before drinking in one-third of households, which triggers diseases. Only 26 % of households are classified as food-secure, whereas 15.5 % are above the severe food insecurity threshold. A significant percentage of the inhabitants does not eat a balanced diet due to lack of resources. The local community especially emphasized the need for: Priority 1: Safe drinking water Priority 2: Electricity Priority 3: Clean cooking devices Another severe challenge is poverty in general. There is a shortage of food in terms of quantity and quality for a significant portion of the population. This is caused by households’ limited financial capacity and insufficient agricultural yield due to the absence of water for irrigation and inefficient agricultural techniques. Furthermore, teacher qualification in English and information technology (IT) is not satisfactory, and the primary school has no electricity in most of the classrooms and no computers. Professional training options are only offered far away from the villages and are very costly. New business development is hindered by the lack of electricity. The target communities seek for support to address all the above challenges and are willing to contribute their part.
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report presents a framework for the systematic monitoring of the global hydrogen economy. It suggests data sources and indicators to systematically survey the most important trends and developments of a future global hydrogen economy. Monitoring based on this framework could provide an important knowledge base for the continuous review of policy measures related to the German and European hydrogen policy.
    Description: Im folgenden Bericht wird ein Konzept für ein systematisches Monitoring der globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft vorgestellt. Der Bericht stellt Datenquellen und Indikatoren zur systematischen Erfassung der wichtigsten Trends und Entwicklungen im Rahmen einer globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft vor. Ein entsprechendes Monitoring könnte einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kontinuierlichen Überprüfung von Politikmaßnahmen im Rahmen der deutschen und europäischen Wasserstoffpolitik leisten.
    Language: German
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  • 43
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Deep-seabed mining in the Area is regulated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA) which is mandated to act on behalf of humankind as a whole. Consistent with international environmental law and human rights norms, in its decision making the ISA is expected to engage with its broad constituency. Using ten assessment criteria, this paper analyses the extent to which the ISA has facilitated public participation to date. This paper finds that, while the ISA has increased outreach activities, significant scope for improvement remains. Several ways to improve public participation at the ISA are identified, including (1) proactive consultation with a wider reach, including stakeholders that are hitherto not engaged; (2) mechanisms to ensure stakeholder consultations and submissions are given due consideration, and that the rationale for decisions are publicly communicated; and (3) enhanced public engagement in the implementation of decisions.
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: La gestión integrada de los océanos (GIO) es un enfoque adaptativo de la gestión de las actividades humanas en el océano, que tiene sus raíces en el enfoque ecosistémico. Requiere la consideración de todas las dimensiones del espacio oceánico – esferas física, oceanográfica, climática, biológica, social y económica – e incluye la dinámica espacial y temporal del sistema. Su objetivo es crear un marco para una economía oceánica sostenible. Para lograr este ambicioso objetivo, los procesos de gestión deben integrarse entre la gobernanza, las partes interesadas, los conocimientos, la dinámica del sistema y ser transfronterizos, lo que constituirá los "pilares" para una integración eficaz. Las características clave del enfoque integrado propuesto para la gestión de los océanos exigen una mayor colaboración, intercambio de conocimientos, transparencia, coordinación y comunicación. Los puntos de vista y valores de la comunidad, así como los conocimientos científicos, tradicionales y locales, desempeñan un papel fundamental en la definición y puesta en marcha de los pilares mencionados. El enfoque de la GIO aún no se ha aplicado a las ABNJ, pero sí a las aguas costeras. La GIO será cada vez más importante en las ABNJ para hacer frente a los crecientes desafíos de lograr la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina. Por ello, este informe pretende ofrecer una visión general de la aplicación de la GIO en el contexto de la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ, especialmente en las regiones del Atlántico Sudeste y del Pacífico Sudeste. En particular, pretende promover la GIO para las ABNJ en todos los sectores y dimensiones ecológicas, considerando la aplicación de condiciones propicias para lograr la cooperación y la colaboración entre los diversos actores que trabajan en las ABNJ o que las afectan. Este informe resume Resumen ejecutivo los retos actuales a los que se enfrenta la gestión de las ABNJ, identifica las oportunidades para aplicar la GIO a través de las fronteras y ofrece recomendaciones para avanzar en esta prioridad urgente, guiada por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Abordar la GIO en las ABNJ es especialmente pertinente en este momento, ya que los Estados están negociando un nuevo instrumento jurídicamente vinculante para la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ (denominado en este informe Acuerdo BBNJ). Por lo tanto, existe la oportunidad de que los Estados incorporen disposiciones que permitan que el mecanismo sea plenamente operativo en el marco del Acuerdo BBNJ una vez que éste sea adoptado y ratificado. Este informe abarca los conceptos de la GIO, sus pilares, la importancia de la GIO para la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ y las oportunidades de reforzar la GIO para la conservación de la BBNJ en las dos regiones focales del proyecto STRONG High Seas: el Atlántico Sudeste y el Pacífico Sudeste. Tras analizar las oportunidades en estas dos regiones, este informe destaca algunas vías claras por las que este enfoque integrado puede apoyar significativamente la conservación de la biodiversidad en ABNJ. A continuación, se incluyen algunas recomendaciones de este informe. Para un conjunto más completo de posibles acciones y decisiones que podrían adoptar una serie de actores para mejorar la GIO, véase Table 2 en el capítulo 3.
    Language: Spanish
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The high volume of plastic packaging currently consumed in Germany poses a complex socio-ecological risk. As part of the BMBF-funded ENSURE research consortium, environmental psychologists at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam have studied various policy options to promote a reduction in individual consumption of plastic food packaging. A representative nationwide survey of 1,200 persons conducted by the researchers shows that 92 per cent of the interviewed consumers consider plastic waste in the environment a threat to the preservation of our natural resources and the foundations of life. Despite this widespread awareness, the consumption of plastic packaging continues to grow: In 2018, Germany generated over three million tonnes of plastic packaging waste; more than double the amount produced in 1997. The findings of the ENSURE project indicate that consumers are willing and indeed wish to reduce their consumption of plastic packaging; however, they are hindered by personal and structural barriers. Political action is needed to break down these barriers to change and support consumers in their efforts. This IASS Policy Brief presents three strategic policy recommendations that could help reduce the consumption of packaging in daily life. Following an outline of the broader context and key issues, these three recommendations are explained in detail. In conclusion, we highlight the need for a systemic approach to the reduction of plastic packaging.
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report aims to showcase and assess the participative multi-stakeholder approach used in the STRONG High Seas project to co-develop and co-design activities and outputs such as scientific assessments and capacity development programs. In particular, the report provides reflections from the project team on the numerous lessons learned during the project duration on participative multi-stakeholder approaches in transdisciplinary ocean governance research, such as designing and implementing effective engagement strategies, designing targeted capacity development programmes, and fostering co-creative research processes for supporting decision-making and achieving policy impact. The reflections on and recommendations for participative multi-stakeholder approaches within transdisciplinary ocean governance research gained through the course of the STRONG High Seas project can be found in Chapter 3.
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Report | COBENEFITS Policy Report
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This COBENEFITS report gives an overview of enabling policies that have high potential to make fair use of the maximum potential of co-benefit opportunities that can be unlocked by following the pathway of a high share of renewable energies in the power sector. They are presented according to the different COBENEFITS categories. Enabling policies for renewable energy (RE) cobenefits and their specification and implementation are highly context-specific. They need to take into account the context of the country or region they are planned for, and need to be tailored to remove specific barriers preventing communities from unlocking them. Therefore, each enabling policy option presented in this report is accompanied by a short summary of an initial situation that they might solve or improve.
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: In the last years, the concept of tipping points received increasing recognition in social science and rose on the political agenda. Identifying tipping points would allow researchers to identify the point in time in which a transition happens, and to understand the processes of overcoming lock-in mechanisms and trigger deliberate tipping an existing system into a qualitatively new state. Because tipping points bring about rapid systemic change, it is desirable to further understand how tipping points may be triggered to accelerate the transformation of social and economic systems. There is little doubt that tipping points exist in both social and socio-technical systems because we can observe that systems and societies are fundamentally different today than they were in the past. However, despite a growing body of literature, there remain many open questions how to conceptualise and ultimately operationalize social tipping points. This also stems from a lack of empirical studies and insights observing tipping points in social contexts. In the Tipping.Plus project we addressed this gap with a literature review and empirical case studies investigating tipping dynamics from a public policy and governance perspective. In the literature review we explored definitions, characteristics, and the application of the concept and notion of tipping points in political and governance theories and contexts. In the second step, we conducted an empirical study investigating the socio-economic transition processes of the two German neigbouring cities Essen and Duisburg, which have both phased out their coal industries, as part of the wider structural change in the Ruhr Region. We focused on (political) interventions and their effects on the cities’ development trajectories in the last 30+ years to identify differences in outcome as a function of policy interventions and/or contextual differences. Apart from identifying the key development drivers, we investigate whether either city crossed a tipping point in their transition process (yet), away from coal towards a low carbon but still prosperous future (Mey and Lilliestam 2022). In the following we synthesise the findings of this work and our observations and experiences in order to contribute to the overall Tipping.Plus Integration Framework and Social Theory on social tipping points in energy transitions.
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Research undertaken in Task 2.2 identified a range of governance challenges to ocean-based NETs related to the global ocean governance framework, e.g., linked to the transboundary nature of the ocean, potential effects of ocean-based NETs on the ocean’s condition and marine ecosystem services, as well as the many unknowns and uncertainties linked to NET-deployment. The fragmented approaches and frameworks in place to govern the global ocean further complicate comprehensive governance of these emerging technologies. This deliverable presents results from a workshop that explored how ocean-based NETs should be governed to best confront these challenges and integrate international climate targets as well as global goals for ocean and biodiversity conservation, in addition to global ambitions towards sustainable development. The workshop is part of research undertaken by Task 2.2 to assess how ocean-based NETs are addressed by the current global ocean governance framework and develop governance scenarios and recommendations to policy makers for a “good governance” of NETs in the ocean.
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperatur-anstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussen-den Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. DasEcologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevantenInformationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Ka-nada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten.Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht behandelt die für den Meeresschutz in der russischen Arktis relevanten Informationen. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigstenMerkmale der Meeresumwelt der russischen Arktis. Anschließend werden wesentlichen Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der russischen Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten nationalen Institutionen sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der russischen arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Description: Global interest and activity in the Arctic have increased greatly in recent decades. The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing – and will continue to change – the Arctic, with yet unknown consequences for the people, environment, and economy in the region as well as worldwide (SDWG, 2021). The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic (Raspotnik et al., 2021). The challenge now is to identify development pathways that can ensure the sustainable use and conservation of the Arctic marine environment (SDWG, 2021). In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. The reports were published in 2022 and are available for download on the websites of the Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in the Russian Arctic. The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Russian Arctic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in the Russian Arctic. The last part of the report describes the Russian ocean governance system and provides an overview of relevant national institutions as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect marine biodiversity in this region and ensure its sustainable use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts of these events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Este informe – Estudio sobre medidas para apoyar esfuerzos de conservación en áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional en la región del Pacífico Sudeste – pretende proporcionar recomendaciones para la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (ABNJ, por sus siglas en inglés) en la región del Pacífico Sudeste. Estas recomendaciones incluyen consideraciones para establecer nuevas medidas de conservación y manejo y expandir o mejorar en la región otras medidas existentes; así como el uso de herramientas que apoyan el desarrollo de medidas de conservación. Este informe ha sido elaborado por investigadores del proyecto STRONG High Seas a partir de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos académicos, análisis de datos, conocimientos de las partes interesadas y experiencias recogidas en talleres de expertos celebrados en la región de interés del proyecto en 2021. La información presentada aquí pretende apoyar a tomadores de decisiones, incluyendo funcionarios de los gobiernos, el sector privado y otras partes interesadas que trabajen en el tema de la gobernanza oceánica en ABNJ y que participen o tengan interés en el actual desarrollo de la Conferencia Intergubernamental sobre un instrumento internacional jurídicamente vinculante en el marco de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR) relativo a la conservación y el uso sostenible de la diversidad biológica marina de las áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (BBNJ, por sus siglas en inglés). Este informe hace parte de una serie de informes publicados por el proyecto STRONG High Seas [Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas (June 2017 – May 2022)], que cubren aspectos de la gobernanza de los océanos con un foco geográfico en la región del Pacífico Sudeste (y el Atlántico Sudeste).
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  • 52
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    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In diesem Beitrag wird das aktuelle Interesse der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungsträger in den öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten des Golf-Kooperationsrates (GCC) an der Wasserstoffenergie untersucht. Obwohl die Hauptakteure die fossilen Energieträger, die die politische Ökonomie der Region seit Jahrzehnten bestimmen, weiterhin stärken, erkennen sie zunehmend, dass sich das Zeitalter der Kohlenwasserstoffe dem Ende zuneigt. Dies hat zu einer Zunahme verschiedener "Post-Öl"-Energieinvestitionen geführt, zu denen in letzter Zeit auch Wasserstoff gehört. In diesem Diskussionspapier wird untersucht, warum dies der Fall ist, d. h. warum die politischen und unternehmerischen Spitzen des Golf-Kooperationsrates (GCC) an der Förderung von Wasserstoffenergiesystemen in der Region interessiert sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Bestrebungen zur Herstellung von "grünem" Wasserstoff - die ihren Ursprung in Europa und insbesondere in Deutschland haben - zunehmend als eine Möglichkeit gesehen werden, den grünen Ruf der Region zu verbreiten und gleichzeitig Investitionen in "blauen" Wasserstoff zu unterstützen, die von den staatlichen Öl- und Gasriesen in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten (VAE) und Saudi-Arabien gefördert werden.
    Language: German
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Dieses Paper behandelt Barrieren und positive Einflussfaktoren auf persönliches und öffentliches Engagement für Klimaschutz. Der Erfolg von ambitionierter Klimaschutzpolitik hängt in Demokratien von gesellschaftlicher Zustimmung und Ownership für die unternommenen Maßnahmen ab. AktivistInnen und EntscheidungsträgerInnen müssen ihre Ideen auf eine Weise kommunizieren, die die Menschen anspricht und sie aufrüttelt. Um dabei Erfolg zu haben, muss zunächst verstanden werden, was Menschen zum Handeln motiviert und was sie daran hindert. Dieses Paper trägt zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen bei, indem es einen Überblick über Theorien der Psychologie und der Kommunikationswissenschaft über die kognitiven Tendenzen gibt, die eine logische Entscheidungsfindung behindern. Anschließend wird eine Alternative zum weitverbreiteten „Angstaufruf“ in der Klimawandelkommunikation vorgeschlagen: ein positives, chancenorientiertes Framing, das mit den Werten der Menschen im Einklang steht und das Potenzial hat, langfristiges Engagement für nachhaltige Maßnahmen anzuregen. Schließlich wird aufgezeigt, wie das sogenannte Co-benefits Framing in der Politik genutzt werden kann.
    Language: German
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  • 54
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Jordan’s energy transition has been rapid and ambitious: in 2021 renewables accounted for 26 % of electricity production in Jordan, up from less than 1 % in 2014. This massive leap forward was prompted by energy security concerns in the wake of the Arab Spring that forced the government to scramble for alternatives to Egyptian gas. Today, Jordan is a regional clean energy industry frontrunner, with over 300 PV companies and around 13 000 employees in the sector. However, recent policy decisions have stalled further progress. Auctions for new projects have been scaled back or postponed, and new ventures in excess of 1 MW were indefinitely suspended in January 2019. At the same time, changes to electricity tariff structures have dampened demand for residential PV. This loss of momentum is largely due to financial constraints on Jordan’s state-owned National Electric Power Company (NEPCO), which is caught in long-term purchasing agreements for fossil fuels that conflict with the goal of growing Jordan’s renewable energy sector and are exacerbating NEPCO’s already significant debt burden. With 20 % of public debt linked to the electricity sector, this also has ripple effects for the rest of the Jordanian economy. Increased regional cooperation will be needed to re-negotiate Jordan’s commitments to purchase fossil fuels and to expand the regional market for renewable energy, allowing Jordan to export surplus electricity and establish itself as a clean energy hub while at the same time giving neighbours the chance to sell energy elsewhere and increasing regional stability. And while Jordan’s top-down approach to energy policy was crucial to driving the rapid growth of renewables, the current risk of stalling progress makes it clear that stakeholders from different ministries as well as industry and civil society must be involved in future policy development processes to accelerate Jordan’s energy transition and shift the country from the current single-buyer model towards a more competitive market for electricity.
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Die lokale Zusammenarbeit von organisierter Zivilgesellschaft und öffentlicher Hand gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung: in lokalen Transformationsprojekten, in der Wissenschaft und vereinzelt auch in Politik und Verwaltung. Commons-Public Partnerships (CPPs) bieten eine Möglichkeit, diese Zusammenarbeit zu rahmen, zu fördern und auszuweiten. Auf Seite der Zivilgesellschaft zeichnen sich CCPs durch die Praxis des Commoning aus, also gemeinschafts- wie gemeinwohlorientierte Praktiken der lokalen Selbstorganisation. Im vorliegenden Diskussionspapier wird sowohl das Commoning als auch die Form der Kooperation konzeptuell und in der Praxis verortet. Mit einem Fokus auf die Herausforderungen der sozialökologischen Transformation werden Potenzialfelder für den Einsatz von CPPs identifiziert. Darüber hinaus werden konzeptuelle Spannungsfelder beleuchtet.
    Language: German
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) or CO2 utilization technologies attract researchers, policy makers, and industry actors in search of sustainable solutions for industrial processes. This increasing interest can be explained by the fact that these processes comprise the capturing of CO2 – the most relevant greenhouse gas (GHG) – from the air or industrial point sources, and promote its use as a feedstock for the production of goods. CCU processes are expected to contribute to the greenhouse gas neutrality targets of several industrial sectors and the development of a circular economy. Therefore, understanding the environmental impacts and economics of CO2 utilization routes is essential for decision makers from relevant fields, such as technology developers, entrepreneurs, funding agencies, policy makers, administrators and more. A deep understanding of the specific implications of CO2 utilization technologies is needed to make decisions in line with sustainability strategies, and to discard inappropriate solutions. The ‘Techno-Economic Assessment & Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization’1 (henceforth TEA and LCA Guidelines) published by the Global CO2 Initiative (GCI) in October 2018, represent a milestone in the harmonization of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) for evaluating CCU technologies. Henceforth, we refer to this document as TEA and LCA Guidelines. The TEA and LCA Guidelines provide a guide to overcoming methodological discrepancies that lead to confusion among practitioners, concerning how to conduct assessments, and which often lead to contradictory results.2 3 Documents with a similar focus have also been published by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL).4 The success of the GCI publication and the demand for such guidelines is evidenced by the strong response that the authors registered in the months following its publication: more than 2,000 copies of the TEA and LCA Guidelines have been distributed in digital form or hard copy, and a growing community of practitioners, and decision makers from science, industry, and public administration are learning how to generate robust and comparable assessments when evaluating CCU technologies. In addition to the guidelines and the present report, the same research group has recently released five illustrative worked examples5 to support the application of the TEA and LCA Guidelines, and three accompanying peer-reviewed articles.6 At the same time, policy officers at national and international levels have frequently signaled the urgency of further developing these tools, to enable evaluation of innovative technologies as a basis for decision making in funding and policy design (e.g., the EU Innovation Fund). Despite the urgent need to address planetary climate change, the development and diffusion of new technologies often takes considerable time. Consequently, leveraging the current momentum amongst all involved actors that CCU has achieved to date is paramount and is an opportunity that must not be missed. Despite demands for aligned assessment methods from the industrial and policy spheres,7 there are evident challenges in dealing with the practical application of such methods in commissioning, reading, and interpreting LCA and TEA studies. There is also a risk of insufficient transfer into policy or other decision-making processes, in cases where the involved actors do not possess disciplinary expertise in the relevant methodology.
    Language: English
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This study is part of my research project on "Subnational Climate Governance Policies in the Brazilian Amazon – challenges and opportunities of cross border transformative co-creation", carried out at the IASS Potsdam. To acess my article, access https://www.iass-potsdam.de/en/output/publications/2021/subnational-climate-policiesbrazils- legal-amazon-glance.
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: In this paper, we investigate the socio-economic transition processes of Essen and Duisburg as part of the wider structural change in the Ruhr Region. In the two case studies, we explore causes and effects of the cities’ development trajectories in the last 30+ years, seeking to identify differences in outcome as a function of the interventions and/or contextual differences. We analyse events, interventions and their impacts on the social and economic systems of the two cities across time. Apart from identifying the key development drivers, we investigate whether either city crossed a tipping point in their transition process (yet), away from coal towards a low-carbon but still prosperous future. Therefore, we specifically evaluate the cities’ development trajectories by seeking evidence for “no”, “incremental” or “radical” changes in a set of indicators. Here, we have taken a long temporal perspective, because trajectories of and trajectory changes in social systems are specifically visible in demographic dynamics, economic structures and political arrangements across time.
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Report
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Die diesen Handlungsempfehlungen zu Grunde liegende Studie „Mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Quartier erzielen – Erfolgsfaktoren aus drei kommunalen Planungsprozessen“ (DOI: 10.48481/iass.2022.032) des Instituts für transformative Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (IASS) ging der folgenden Frage nach: Wie gelingt es Kommunen, Quartiere mit einem hohem Nachhaltigkeitsanspruch zu planen, ohne die Qualitäten im Prozess zu verlieren?
    Language: German
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  • 60
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperatur-anstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussenden Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. DasEcologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevantenInformationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Kanada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten.Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über Informationen, die für den Meeresschutz in der Arktis relevant sind. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale der arktischen Meeresumwelt. Anschließend werden wesentliche Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten internationalen und regionalen Vereinbarungen und Rahmenwerke sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Description: The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing the Arctic – and will continue to do so – with yet unknown consequences for the region as well as worldwide. The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic. In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Green-land), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in the Arctic.The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Arctic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in the Arctic. The last part of the report provides an overview of relevant international and regional agreements and frameworks as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect the Arctic marine biodiversity and ensure its sustain-able use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts oft hese events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
    Language: English
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperaturanstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussenden Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. Das Ecologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevanten Informationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Kanada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten. Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über Informationen, die für den Meeresschutz in der Arktis relevant sind. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale der arktischen Meeresumwelt. Anschließend werden wesentliche Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten internationalen und regionalen Vereinbarungen und Rahmenwerke sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Description: The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing the Arctic – and will continue to do so – with yet unknown consequences for the region as well as worldwide. The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic. In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in Greenland.The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Greenlandic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in Greenland. The last part of the report describes the Greenlandic ocean governance system and provides an overview of relevant national institutions as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect the Greenlandic marine biodiversity and ensure its sustainable use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts oft hese events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: Portuguese
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Ernährung ist zentral für die sozial-ökologische Transformation und dabei ein für Bürger:innen zugängliches Alltagsthema. Einige Städte und Gemeinden in Deutschland und Frankreich haben das Potenzial einer innovativen lokalen Politik für nachhaltige Ernährung erkannt und spannende Ansätze entwickelt und erprobt. Dabei stoßen sie jedoch auf strukturelle Barrieren, die nicht auf der kommunalen Ebene zu beseitigen sind. Das Deutsch-Französische Zukunftswerk hat zu den Chancen und Hemmnissen lokaler Ernährungswenden recherchiert und engagierte Kommunen beider Länder miteinander in Austausch gebracht. Gemeinsam mit Expert:innen aus der Wissenschaft, Verwaltung und Zivilgesellschaft hat es darüber hinaus die Handlungsempfehlung „Entwicklung lokaler und nachhaltiger Ernährungssysteme priorisieren“ mit fünf Aktionsvorschlägen an die nationalen Regierungen entwickelt. Diese Studie versteht sich als Hintergrundpapier zur Handlungsempfehlung. Anhand des konkreten Beispiels von Mouans-Sartoux und anderen Kommunen beschreibt es die Potenziale einer nachhaltigen kommunalen Ernährungspolitik und liefert – aus der konkreten lokalen Praxis heraus – das Hintergrundwissen für jeden der fünf Aktionsvorschläge.
    Description: Food and food policy is central to social-ecological transformation. It is also an everyday issue that is easy to communicate to citizens. Municipalities in Germany and France have recognized the potential of innovative local food policies and have developed and tested innovative approaches to transforming local food systems. However, they are encountering structural barriers that cannot be overcome at the municipal level. The Franco-German Forum for the Future has researched the opportunities and obstacles of local nutritional change and brought engaged municipalities from both countries into exchange with each other. Together with experts from academia, public administrations and civil society, it has developed the seven recommendations for the national governments, one of which concerns "Prioritizing the development of local and sustainable food systems" with five proposals for action. This study is intended as a background paper to the Recommendation. With recourse to the concrete example of Mouans-Sartoux and other municipalities in France and Germany, it describes the potentials of a sustainable municipal food policy and provides – from concrete local practice – the background knowledge for each of the five proposals for action.
    Language: German
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Deliberative Mini-Publics (DMPs) employ randomly selected groups of citizens, who work together to develop recommendations on specific issues. In democratic practice, DMPs, which include Citizens’ Assemblies, Citizens’ Councils, Deliberative Panels, Citizens’ Jury, etc., are usually called into action by policymakers to complement representative decision-making. The following describes how DMPs work, why they are used, and what determines their success.
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  • 65
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Kenya is a climate and renewable energy frontrunner in the sub-Saharan region. The country is committed to decarbonisation and currently aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 32 % by 2030, relative to the business-as-usual scenario. Kenya has rapidly increased electrification access over the last decade thanks to a strong on- and off-grid renewable energy sector. Electricity from renewable sources covered 88 % of total domestic demand in 2020. The bulk of this is generated using geothermal energy, followed by hydro and wind power. These are complemented by a growing solar PV sector. Despite this laudable progress and the introduction of policies to foster renewables, the energy sector still faces significant challenges, including a lack of universal access, affordability issues and limitations in the transmission and distribution network. These circumstances result in a capacity surplus of generated electricity that cannot be absorbed by demand. Recent discoveries of oil and gas reserves risk derailing efforts to decarbonise the energy sector unless the Kenyan government strengthens its current course. This policy brief identifies three key areas for action to enhance energy security and continue on a sustainable energy path: Recommendation 1: Improve the quality of the grid Kenya should bolster its digitalisation efforts, support the adoption of new technologies, invest in research to reduce inefficiencies, foster regional integration to increase connectivity, and implement demand scheduling mechanisms to harness the advantages of different energy sources. These efforts should be flanked by an update of the national grid code. Recommendation 2: Liberalise the electricity market The procurement process needs to remain competitive and based on least cost criteria. Net metering programmes and renewables auctions should be implemented in order to attract more players and investment. Improved regulations about public-private partnerships and power purchase agreements will be needed to remove bottlenecks for market entry and establish an equal playing field. These measures should be accompanied by open consultations to ensure public participation and improve the investment climate. Recommendation 3: Promote decentralised energy supply options Decentralised renewable energy generation should be promoted to ensure that off-grid consumers can access affordable, reliable, and secure energy. Kenya should enhance sustainable financing structures and improve tax incentives for technology development and distribution of decentralised energy options. Capacity building efforts should target local communities, domestic companies, and government agencies to facilitate the maintenance and administration of off-grid systems and increase their sustainability.
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Integrated ocean management (IOM) is an adaptive approach to managing human activities in the ocean, which is rooted in the ecosystem approach. It requires all dimensions of ocean space to be considered – physical, oceanographic, climatic, biological, social, economic spheres – and includes spatial and temporal dynamics of the system. It aims to create a framework for a sustainable ocean economy. To achieve this ambitious aim, management processes need to be integrated across governance, stakeholders, knowledge, system-dynamics, and be trans- boundary, which will form the ‘pillars’ for effective integration. Key features of the proposed integrated approach to ocean management call for enhanced collaboration, knowledge sharing, transparency, coordination, and communication. Community views and values, and scientific, traditional, and local knowledge play key roles in defining the design and operationalization of the above-mentioned pillars. The IOM approach has yet to be applied to ABNJ but is commonly applied to coastal waters. IOM will be increasingly important in ABNJ for addressing the rising challenges of achieving conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity. This report therefore aims to provide an overview on the application of IOM in the context of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, particularly within the Southeast Atlantic and Southeast Pacific regions. It particularly aims at promoting IOM for ABNJ across sectors and ecological dimensions by considering the application of enabling conditions to achieve cooperation and collaboration between the various actors working in or affecting ABNJ. This report summarises the current challenges facing management of ABNJ, identifies opportunities to implement IOM across boundaries and provides recommendations for moving forward on this urgent priority, guided by the Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing IOM in ABNJ is particularly relevant at this point in time as States are negotiating a new legally binding instrument for the protection and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ (referred to in this report as the BBNJ Agreement). Therefore, an opportunity exists for States to embed provisions that will allow IOM to be fully operational in the framework of the BBNJ Agreement upon its adoption and ratification. This report covers the concepts of IOM, its pillars, the importance of IOM for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ and the opportunities for strengthening IOM for BBNJ conservation in both STRONG High Seas project focal regions: the Southeast Atlantic and the Southeast Pacific. After analysing opportunities in these two regions, this report highlights some clear pathways by which this integrated approach can significantly support the conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ. Selected recommendations from this report are included below. For a more thorough set of possible actions and decisions that could be adopted by a range of actors to improve IOM, see Table 2 in Chapter 3.
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This paper examines the recent interest in hydrogen energy among political and economic leaders in the oil and gas producing states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Although key stakeholders continue to reinforce the fossil fuel systems that have defined the region’s political economy for decades, they increasingly recognize that the hydrocarbon era is drawing to a close. This has led to an increase in various “post-oil” energy investments, which most recently include hydrogen energy. This discussion paper examines why this is the case – that is, why the GCC’s political and corporate leaders are keen on promoting hydrogen energy systems in the region. It shows that the aspiration to produce “green” hydrogen – originating in Europe and Germany in particular – is increasingly seen as a way to broadcast the region’s green credentials, while simultaneously supporting the investments in “blue” hydrogen promoted by the state-owned hydrocarbon giants in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation doivent faire de la protection de la biodiversité et/ou de l’intégrité écologique leur principal objectif et prendre en compte les pressions cumulatives sur l’environnement marin. Cela implique également d’inclure la connectivité écologique (par ex. les voies de migration des espèces marines ou les impacts transfrontaliers des activités humaines) et les impacts du changement climatique dans leur conception et leur mise en œuvre. En outre, la complexité et la nature dynamique de l’océan, notamment dans les zones situées au-delà de la juridiction nationale (ZAJN), exigent que les efforts de conservation reconnaissent l’incertitude, incluent des options pour y faire face ou s’adapter rapidement aux nouvelles informations scientifiques, et tiennent compte de l’espace tridimensionnel de l’océan. Cela nécessite également que la conception et la mise en œuvre de ces mesures s’appuient sur les meilleures connaissances interdisciplinaires scientifiques et autochtones disponibles. Il sera essentiel que les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation appliquent des mécanismes de consultation, de cooperation et de collaboration intersectorielles, et qu’elles tiennent compte des échelles spatio-temporelles appropriées pour leur mise en œuvre. Elles doivent refléter des grands objectifs sociétaux et tenir compte de la répartition inégale des retombées socio-économiques découlant des activités d’exploitation dans les ZAJN. Les actions de gouvernance et de gestion doivent reconnaître les systèmes socio-écologiques associés et diversifiés, ainsi que l’articulation entre la santé des océans et le bien-être humain, en intégrant les préoccupations des différentes parties prenantes dans la définition et la mise en œuvre de la mesure ou de l’approche. Il est essentiel que la conception et la mise en œuvre des mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation comprennent des moyens appropriés pour assurer le suivi, le contrôle et la surveillance réguliers des activités humaines, ainsi que le respect et l’application des lois et règlements en vigueur. Les États connaissent bien les instruments juridiques, tels que ceux de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (CNDUM), de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (FAO, par son acronyme en anglais), des conventions de l’Organisation maritime internationale (OMI), de l’Autorité internationale des fonds marins (ISA, par son acronyme en anglais), ainsi que les mesures de gestion adoptées par les organisations régionales de gestion de la pêche (ORGP). Ils ont développé des structures et des capacités de gouvernance pour soutenir leur mise en œuvre. Dans ce contexte, il est recommandé aux États de soutenir la consolidation et le développement des mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation, afin de s’assurer qu’elles inscrivent leur approche dans le cadre de considérations relatives à la connectivité écologique, à la protection de la biodiversité, à la gestion intégrée des océans fondée sur les écosystèmes et aux implications du changement climatique pour la conservation et la gestion de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN. Pour être efficace, toute mesure visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation proposés pour les ZAJN dans la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est doit tenir compte des réalités socio-économiques et politiques des pays dont les zones économiques exclusives bordent ces espaces. En ce sens, il est important de noter le rôle considérable que le secteur de la pêche a historiquement joué et continue de jouer pour la plupart des économies de cette région. La proposition d’instrument relatif à la biodiversité marine des zones situées au-delà de la juridiction nationale (BZAJN), en cours de négociation aux Nations unies, sera fondamentale pour établir la base juridique du développement et de la mise en œuvre de mesures intersectorielles visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation dans les ZAJN. L’efficacité des mesures envisageables pour soutenir les efforts de conservation actuels et futurs dépendra du mode d’intégration de l’instrument BZAJN proposé et de son articulation avec les mesures de conservation et d’utilisation durable établies dans le cadre des organisations de gestion existantes. À cet égard, il est particulièrement important pour la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est de savoir comment les ORGP existantes pourront interagir avec l’instrument BZAJN proposé. Compte tenu des difficultés en termes de capacité (technologique, expérience, financière, logistique) de nombreux pays de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est, il est important que les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation dans le cadre des traités internationaux ou des mécanismes juridiques existants soient intégrées, pratiques et rentables. Le statut juridique différent de la colonne d’eau et des grands fonds marins au-delà de la juridiction nationale et les différentes dispositions juridiques en place représentent un défi pour le développement d’une approche cohérente, complète et intégrée de la conservation et de l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN. Le manque d’uniformité dans le respect des règles entre les États du pavillon et l’absence de mécanismes de surveillance et d’application dans les ZAJN compromettent la réalisation d’une approche intégrée pour la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans ces vastes zones océaniques. La grande variété d’instruments existants peut être utilisée pour améliorer la conservation de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN grâce à une meilleure surveillance et une application plus stricte des règles. Cette responsabilité reste celle de chaque État du pavillon, mais à l’heure actuelle, cela se limite au signalement des navires et à une action de suivi minimale de la part des États du pavillon ou du port.
    Language: French
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The STRONG High Seas project has published a guidance document to support the implementation of the international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) that is being negotiated under the United Nations. This work is framed in the context of achieving spatial conservation measures but draws on examples from other biodiversity conservation efforts and offers guidance for achieving binding measures for any matter, in any regional fisheries management organisation (RFMO). Aspirations for achieving biodiversity conservation using enforceable, area-based management tools (ABMTs) in an RFMO will require dedicated action if they are to move from aspirations to actuality. Getting legally binding measures for areas beyond national jurisdiction approved and enforced in an RFMO is a complex, multi-stage process. The guidance document offers insights and strategic considerations on how to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes in an RFMO and have such measures adopted (i.e. made legally binding). It is a distillation of personal experiences including successes, failures, and insights into some of the more arcane aspects of RFMOs’ functioning, derived from the authors’ participation in dozens of meetings at many RFMOs.
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report - Study on Measures to Support Conservation Efforts in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction in the Southeast Pacific Region - aims to provide recommendations for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the Southeast Pacific region. These recommendations include considerations for establishing new conservation and management measures and expanding or improving existing measures in the region, as well as the use of tools to support the development of conservation measures. This report has been prepared by STRONG High Seas project researchers based on a literature review of cademic articles, data analysis, stakeholder insights, and experiences gathered at expert workshops held in the project’s focus regions in 2021. The information presented here is intended to support decision-makers, including government officials, the private sector and other stakeholders working on ocean governance in ABNJ who are involved or have an interest in the ongoing development of the Intergovernmental Conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). This report is part of a series of reports published by the STRONG High Seas project [Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas (June 2017 - May 2022)], covering aspects of ocean governance with a geographic focus on the Southeast Pacific (and Southeast Atlantic) region.
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Malaysia has set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy (RE) in its energy mix. In 2021, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Malaysia (KeTSA) established an aspirational target for national installed RE capacity of 3 1% by 2025.1 This aspiration was recently reaffirmed by the National Energy Policy 2022 – 20402, which lays out a long-term plan for Malaysia’s green future. Although the country has abundant solar, biomass, and hydro resources for clean energy production, a number of barriers are slowing the energy transition. With its economy heavily reliant on fossil fuels, Malaysia risks a carbon lock-in that would perpetuate existing pathdependencies, infrastructure, technologies, institutions and behaviours that are embedded in and intertwined with the carbon economy. State revenues derive to a large extent from fossil fuels and previous reforms to support the growth of renewables have been hampered by the fact that the state is both responsible for shaping energy policy and is also the largest stakeholder in Malaysia’s highly centralised fossil-based energy system. Structural changes in both the energy system and decision-making processes are needed to support a timely transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy. Post-pandemic recovery packages and policy changes can lend critical momentum to this process if they are properly targeted. In this policy brief we identify three key opportunities for action to advance the Malaysian energy transition: Recommendation 1: Broaden the range of actors in the electricity sector Efforts to liberalise Malaysia’s highly concentrated electricity sector, increase competition, and improve market efficiency should be strengthened. Existing reform plans should be extended to the areas of transmission and distribution. Recommendation 2: Involve stakeholders in policy design processes The government should facilitate the participation of stakeholders in all stages of the policy process by formalising participation processes and establishing permanent, independent bodies to vet government decisions as well as regular forums for stakeholder dialogue. The decentralisation of decision processes should be promoted. Recommendation 3: Prioritise green growth in post-pandemic recovery programmes Recovery programmes should prioritise investment in sustainable energy infrastructure, clean technology industries, capacity-building, and research and development. Targeted social investment is needed to cushion the social impacts of decarbonisation and harness co-benefits.
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Als Teil der kollaborativen Aktionsforschung des Deutsch-Französischen Zukunftswerkes beleuchtet diese Studie die aktuellen Entwicklungen der Universitätsstadt Marburg in ihren Bestrebungen, bis 2030 klimaneutral zu werden. Die Analyse skizziert die Chancen und Herausforderungen lokaler Klimapolitik. Sie zeigt auf, wie trotz einer hohen Motivation seitens der lokalen politischen Führung und der Zivilgesellschaft, die Klimaneutralität zu erreichen, strukturelle Hemmnisse – wie zum Beispiel eine versäulte Verwaltung, Mangel an Kapazitäten und Ressourcen für die Messung des Fortschritts und für strukturierte Beteiligungs- und Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten – die Umsetzung des lokalen Klima-Aktionsplans ausbremsen können. Anhand der Daten über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von einem Jahr erläutert die Analyse ebenso, wie transformative Forschungsansätze, in Form von regelmäßigen Reflektionen mit Akteur:innen vor Ort, lokale Bestrebungen der Klimapolitik unterstützen und vorantreiben können.
    Description: This paper reflects on how, and under what conditions local transformative change towards climate neutrality can flourish, based on the case of the German city of Marburg, which has committed to become a climate neutral city by 2030. The research findings are drawn from the work of the Franco-German Forum for the Future established in 2020. The Forum seeks to accelerate social and ecological transformation through collaborative action research with pioneering municipalities in France and Germany, through the fostering of dialogue among these initiatives and through the development of political recommendations for the respective national governments. We show how despite a strong political will in Marburg among both political leadership and civil society to act decisively for the achievement of climate neutrality, institutional constraints, such as a lack of flexibility within the local administration, shortage of capacity and resources for the monitoring of progress and the absence of institutionalised mechanisms for citizen participation and collaboration can hamper progress towards achieving the ambitious goals.
    Language: German
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  • 73
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: W ostatnich latach coraz większą uwagę zyskują wyzwania stojące przed europejskimi regionami związane ze zmianami strukturalnymi w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju. Łużyce, leżące na granicy Niemiec i Polski, doświadczają znacznej presji związanej z transformacją. Krajowe i europejskie programy finansowania, m.in. w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, mają na celu łagodzenie skutków odchodzenia od wydobycia i konsumpcji węgla. Niedawno przyjęty unijny Mechanizm Sprawiedliwej Transformacji ma za zadanie wspieranie zrównoważonych zmian strukturalnych poprzez pomoc pracownikom i przyczynianie się do dywersyfikacji gospodarki w najbardziej dotkniętych obszarach. Niniejszy Policy Brief przedstawia trzy rekomendacje związane z wykorzystaniem funduszy UE w polsko-niemieckim obszarze granicznym w celu wspierania sprawiedliwej transformacji. Po pierwsze, fundusze udostępnione w ramach Mechanizmu powinny być wykorzystywane w porozumieniu z regionalnymi interesariuszami w Łużycach w celu uzupełnienia krajowych środków wsparcia. Dalsze programy finansowania ukierunkowane na różne obszary polityki publicznej powinny być wykorzystane w celu wzmocnienia spójności w całym regionie. W tym kontekście szczególnie interesujące są programy zarządzane centralnie przez Komisję Europejską (tzn. nie podlegające zarządzaniu dzielonemu z rządami krajowymi). Ściślejsza współpraca polityczna i gospodarcza, w połączeniu z głębszą wymianą doświadczeń, może przyspieszyć integrację regionalną i ukierunkować procesy przekształceń strukturalnych na osiągnięcie trwałych rezultatów. Użycie tych programów w obszarze granicznym obarczone jest jednak praktycznymi przeszkodami, które należy pokonać. Ponadto powyżej wymienione działania powinny być realizowane zgodne z celami zrównoważonego rozwoju (SDGs), przyczyniać się do osiągnięcia celu, jakim jest neutralność klimatyczna, a także do złagodzenia społecznych skutków transformacji strukturalnej na wszystkich poziomach.
    Language: Polish
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The STRONG High Seas project has published a Glossary of Ocean Governance Terms to provide decision-makers and other stakeholders, including the private sector, scientific communities, civil society, and traditional communities, with a reference lexicon on ocean governance related terms to facilitate understanding when engaging in negotiations and implementation of international and national policies and regulations. As in most areas of knowledge or activity, the field of ocean governance is associated with specialized terminology, or jargon. The use of specific terms is essential for clear communication, particularly among peers, but also to a wider audience. However, as one area becomes more specialized and consequently the use of jargons increases, the challenge for comprehensible communication also grows. A shared understanding of terms by stakeholders engaging in policy instruments is particularly critical. Texts of policy instruments and of decisions (or similar documents, such as Resolutions or measures) under these instruments are, in some cases, legally-binding, which makes States Parties generally abide by them. The same word could have different meaning to different audiences and at different times. Having a common understanding of a term will, therefore, ease communication and, ultimately, help decision-makers achieve agreement in a political context.
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In dieser qualitativen Analyse dreier kommunaler Planungsprozesse wird das in Norderstedt entstehende Quartier „Grüne Heyde“ mit dem etwa gleichzeitig entstehenden Hamburger Stadtteil „Oberbillwerder“ sowie der lang zurückliegenden Planung des „Rotbäumlesfeldes“ in Ludwigsburg verglichen. In allen drei Fällen wurden besondere Ansprüche an die Nachhaltigkeit der Planungen gestellt und jeweils in unterschiedlichem Grade realisiert und durchgehalten. Die Studie arbeitet heraus, dass insbesondere der Zugriff auf verwaltungsexterne Kompetenzen, die explizite Heraushebung der Vorhaben als „Modelle“, der Bezug auf gesamtstädtisch-strategische Ziele sowie der Mut, beim Projektmanagement strukturell zu experimentieren, in einigen der Fälle zu einem ‚Mehr‘ an Nachhaltigkeit beitrugen bzw. dass diese Faktoren dort, wo sie fehlten, zu Risiken in der Planung führten. Eine strategisch durchdachte Bodenpolitik bildet einen weiteren Einflussfaktor, der sich aufgrund der Fallstudien solide bejahen lässt, während Öffentlichkeitskommunikation und -beteiligung in ihrer Auswirkung auf die städtebaulichen Qualitäten schwerer zu beurteilen sind. Der Studie separat zugeordnet ist ein Einleger mit Handlungsempfehlungen an kommunale Verwaltungen.
    Description: In this qualitative analysis of three municipal planning processes, the housing project “Grüne Heyde” in Norderstedt is compared with projects in Hamburg (“Oberbillwerder”) and Ludwigsburg (“Rotbäumlesfeld”). The former two are still being developed whereas the third was planned quite some time ago. In all three cases, special demands were made for sustainable planning which were carried out and maintained to different degrees. The study shows that especially making use of competencies external to public administration, the fact that the projects are explicitly called “models”, the reference to strategic goals for the city as a whole, and the courage to experiment structurally in project management contributed to “more” sustainability in some of the cases. On the other hand, these factors led to risks in planning where they were lacking. A strategically though-out land policy is another influential factor that can be solidly affirmed on the basis of the case studies; however, public communication and participation are more difficult to assess in terms of their impact on urban development qualities. The study is accompanied by an insert with recommendations for action for municipal administrations.
    Description: Cette analyse qualitative de trois processus de planification communaux compare le quartier “Grüne Heyde” en cours de réalisation à Norderstedt avec le quartier “Oberbillwerder” à Hambourg, qui a vu le jour à peu près au même moment, ainsi que la planification du “Rotbäumlesfeld” à Ludwigsburg, qui remonte à plus longtemps. Dans les trois cas, des exigences particulières ont été posées à la durabilité des planifications, qui ont été réalisées et maintenues à des degrés divers. L'étude montre que le recours à des compétences externes à l'administration, la mise en avant explicite des projets en tant que “modèles”, la référence à des objectifs stratégiques pour l'ensemble de la ville ainsi que le courage d'expérimenter des structures de gestion de projet ont contribué dans certains cas à un “plus” en matière de durabilité ou que ces facteurs ont entraîné des risques dans la planification lorsqu'ils faisaient défaut. Une politique foncière stratégiquement réfléchie constitue un autre facteur d’une influence positive sur la durabilité de ces études de cas, tandis que la communication et la participation du public sont plus difficiles à évaluer dans leur impact sur les qualités urbanistiques. L'étude est accompagnée d'un encart contenant des recommandations d'action pour les administrations communales.
    Language: German
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is accelerating across the globe, as prices continue to fall and countries begin their transition from fossil to renewable energy. Public auctions have become the dominant policy tool for solar PV deployment: 106 countries held renewable energy auctions (dominated by solar) by the end of 2018 (IRENA a, 2019). One third of the 55 countries that held renewable auctions in 2017 – 2018 did so for the first time (ibid.). Little solar-specific experience and capacity in newly adopting countries can result in technical failures and lower solar plant performance (IRENA 2017). For instance, it was reported that 30 percent of nearly 100 analysed projects in different countries indicate severe defects that impact performance (TÜV Rheinland 2015). This makes investment in solar plants in newcomer countries risky, hindering the development of the solar sector and undermining political targets of solar energy deployment in these countries. In this context, international organisations have suggested that policymakers in adopting countries include international quality standards1 as technical requirements in the design of public auctions. This policy brief outlines the potential benefits and challenges of doing so, highlighting the crucial role of the Quality Infrastructure (QI) system in newcomer countries. Key lessons learnt are synthesised from international experiences with technical requirements in solar PV auctions. On this basis, entry points are identified for the development of strategies for their introduction in newly adopting countries. The two key things policymakers should consider are the adoption of appropriate standards based on the specific country context and the implementation of real-time data monitoring.
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report was prepared as part of the STRONG High Seas project, based on a series of stakeholder surveys and experience gathered through various workshops held in the Southeast Atlantic region, as well as on literature surveys and expert opinion. The report was reviewed by multiple experts to validate findings and ensure robust content. This report is part of a series of reports covering issues of ocean governance with a focus on the ABNJ of the Southeast Pacific and the Southeast Atlantic regions and builds on previous reports published by the STRONG High Seas project. Further project reports cover the legal and institutional framework applicable to ABNJ, the ecological state and the socioeconomic importance of ABNJ in the project regions, options for management and conservation measures for conservation of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, and considerations for integrated ocean management. These reports are available through the STRONG High Seas project website.
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Ce document est un guide pragmatique à destination de ceux qui souhaitent coopérer avec les organisations régionales de gestion des pêches (ORGP). Il explique comment mettre en œuvre des mesures de conservation dans une ORGP, en adoptant des décisions juridiquement contraignantes. Il s’agit d’une synthèse d’expériences personnelles, composées de réussites et d’échecs, et d’un aperçu de certains des aspects les plus obscurs des ORGP. L’objectif de ce document est celui du projet STRONG High Seas – explorer le régime de gouvernance fracture des océans, et plus précisément pour ce travail, formuler des conseils pour soutenir la mise en œuvre de la conservation spatiale en haute mer. Ce travail s’inscrit donc dans le contexte de la mise en place de mesures de conservation spatiale, mais s’inspire d’exemples tirés d’autres efforts de préservation de la biodiversité et propose des orientations pour la mise en place de mesures contraignantes pour tout type de sujet, dans n’importe quelle ORGP.
    Language: French
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  • 80
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In einem Bürgerrat erarbeitet eine heterogen zusammengesetzte und zufällig ausgewählte Gruppe von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern Empfehlungen zu einer bestimmten Fragestellung. Bürgerräte werden meist von politischen Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern eingesetzt und stellen eine Ergänzung zu repräsentativen Entscheidungen dar. Im Folgenden wird dargestellt, wie Bürgerräte ablaufen, warum sie zum Einsatz kommen und was gelungene Bürgerräte ausmacht.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: La gestion intégrée des océans (GIO) est une approche adaptative de la gestion des activités humaines dans l'océan, qui est ancrée dans l'approche écosystémique. Elle nécessite la prise en compte de toutes les dimensions de l'espace océanique – sphères physique, océanographique, climatique, biologique, sociale, économique – et inclut la dynamique spatiale et temporelle du système. Elle vise à créer un cadre pour une économie océanique durable. Pour atteindre cet objectif ambitieux, les processus de gestion doivent être intégrés dans la gouvernance, les parties prenantes, les connaissances, la dynamique du système et être transfrontaliers, ce qui constituera les "piliers" d'une intégration efficace. Les principales caractéristiques de l'approche intégrée proposée pour la gestion des océans exigent une collaboration accrue, le partage des connaissances, la transparence, la coordination et la communication. Les points de vue et les valeurs des communautés, ainsi que les connaissances scientifiques, traditionnelles et locales, jouent un rôle clé dans la definition de la conception et de l'opérationnalisation des piliers susmentionnés. L'approche de la GIO n'a pas encore été appliquée aux zones situées au-delà des limites de la juridiction nationale, mais elle est couramment appliquée aux eaux côtières. La GIO sera de plus en plus importante dans les ZAJN pour relever les défis croissants de la conservation et de l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine. Ce rapport vise donc à donner un aperçu de l'application de la GIO dans le contexte de la conservation et de l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN, en particulier dans les régions de l'Atlantique du Sud-Est et du Pacifique du Sud-Est. Il vise en particulier à promouvoir l'application de la GIO pour les ZAJN à travers les secteurs et les dimensions écologiques en envisageant l'application de conditions favorables pour parvenir à une coopération et une collaboration entre les différents acteurs travaillant dans les ZAJN ou les affectant. Ce rapport résume les défis actuels auxquels est confrontée la gestion des ZAJN, identifie les opportunités de mise en œuvre de la GIO à travers les frontières et fournit des recommandations pour aller de l'avant sur cette priorité urgente, guidée par les objectifs de développement durable. La question de la GIO dans les ZAJN est particulièrement pertinente à l'heure actuelle, car les Etats négocient actuellement un nouvel instrument juridiquement contraignant pour la protection et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN (appelé dans le présent rapport l'Accord BZAJN). Les États ont donc la possibilité d'intégrer des dispositions qui permettront à la GIO d'être pleinement opérationnelle dans le cadre de l'Accord BZAJN dès son adoption et sa ratification. Ce rapport couvre les concepts de la GIO, ses piliers, l'importance de la GIO pour la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN et les opportunités de renforcement de la GIO pour la conservation des ZAJN dans les deux régions focales du projet STRONG High Seas: l'Atlantique du Sud-Est et le Pacifique du Sud-Est. Après avoir analysé les opportunités dans ces deux régions, ce rapport met en évidence certaines voies claires par lesquelles cette approche intégrée peut soutenir de manière significative la conservation de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN. Les recommandations sélectionnées dans ce rapport sont incluses ci-dessous. Pour un ensemble plus complet d'actions et de décisions possibles qui pourraient être adoptées par une série d'acteurs pour améliorer la GIO, voir Table 2 au chapitre 3.
    Language: French
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: This report contributes to the modelling work in SENTINEL and beyond in three main ways. First, we provide three social storylines that are closely linked to different governance logics and build on observed social and political drivers and barriers in the European energy transition. This is different than most other storylines used for modelling, because ours are based on governance patterns and normative assumptions of a “good future”, and not on the more commonly used geopolitical or techno-economic storyline assumptions. Second, we provide quantitative, empirical data for several important social/political parameters that can be used together with the storylines or as separate building blocks to answer specific research questions with energy models. Third, to test the usefulness of QTDIAN, we have soft-linked QTDIAN with the energy demand models DESSTINEE, HEB and DREEM, the energy system design model Euro-Calliope, and indirectly with the economic model WEGDYN. Based on feedback from the modelling exercises, we have revised QTDIAN and publish now this updated report 2.0 to improve its usefulness for a more realistic analysis of potential future energy systems.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 83
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperatur-anstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussen-den Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. DasEcologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevantenInformationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Ka-nada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten.Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht behandelt die für den Meeresschutz in der norwegischen Arktis relevantenInformationen. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale der Meeresumwelt der norwegischen Arktis. Anschließend werden wesentlichenBelastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der norwegischen Arktis. Der letzteTeil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten nationalen Institutionen sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der norwegischen arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt wer-den könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Description: The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing the Arctic, and will continue to do so, with yet unknown con-sequences for the region as well as worldwide. The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic. In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Green-land), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in the Norwegian Arctic. The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Norwegian Arctic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in the Norwegian Arctic. The last part of the report describes the Norwegian ocean governance system and provides an overview of relevant national institutions as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect Norwegian Arctic marine biodiversity and ensure its sustainable use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts of these events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: The demands and uses of satellite spatial data are developing and diversifying significantly, in line with the precision, frequency of shooting and size of the images. It is therefore necessary to understand and report on the impact of this growing production on the organisation and rationalisation of the structures that use them, but also on the effectiveness and transparency of public policies that use this information. Spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) are essential devices: they facilitate access to images (acquisition, processing, archiving), as well as the processes of sharing and methodological innovation. They constitute public information goods and mobilise increasing resources, which requires us to question the types of "economic models" to which they belong. This guide, which is both educational and operational, is intended for all those involved in the production or use of spatial information. It allows for an à la carte reading according to centres of interest and disciplines, through multiple boxes and examples. It presents the concepts and methods of economic evaluation applied to spatial information, detailing three types of approach depending on whether one wants to estimate the value of spatial information, measure the economic spin-offs of an SDI or characterise its impacts using multi-criteria approaches.
    Keywords: biodiversity ; economy ; geography ; migration ; sociology ; soil ; information system ; technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGW Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing
    Language: French
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  • 85
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Following on from the 'Understanding' and 'Assessing' booklets, this booklet presents ways to improve farm animal welfare, focusing on the physical and social environment of animals, the human-animal relationship, pain management, and humane transport and slaughter. Certain levers for improvement are particularly highlighted, such as the creation of positive relationships based on a better understanding of animals, the integrated management of their health and the promotion of solutions to eliminate, replace or relieve painful practices. The implementation of actions must of course be adapted to each farm, and also respect the well-being of the farmer. This approach is part of the "one welfare" concept, where the benefits for the animal, for humans and for the environment are closely linked. This book is intended for students and professionals in the agricultural and veterinary sectors, as well as for any citizen interested in the welfare of farm animals.
    Keywords: breeding ; ethology ; animal production ; health ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHB Animal breeding
    Language: French
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  • 86
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Since the Second World War, agronomy has become a scientific and technical discipline in its own right, supporting the reasoning behind plant production practices. Initially conceived as an application of agricultural chemistry and plant physiology, it has developed its own concepts and extended its field by integrating knowledge from many other disciplines. It has also developed by studying the practices of farmers and other rural actors. These developments have enabled it to renew its usefulness, by responding to the new challenges that agriculture is constantly facing. How did this construction take place? What were the processes, stages and actors involved? By analysing the way in which agronomy has been shaped in France, from the middle of the 20th century to the present day, La Fabrique de l'agronomie aims to shed light on the future and to stimulate useful reflection on the conditions for its development in the coming decades. This book on the evolution of the discipline is intended for agronomists of all professions who are faced with the challenges of the future, whether they are students, working or retired.
    Keywords: farmer ; agriculture ; agronomy ; teaching ; history ; public policy ; research ; farming system ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production
    Language: French
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  • 87
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the internationally recognized method to assess the environmental impacts of products and services. Its application to agri-food systems in developing or emerging contexts is recent and represents many challenges of scientific, partnerial and operational nature. With more than 10 years of scientific and field experience, the CIRAD LCA team has synthesized, with other internationally recognized experts, the best knowledge and approaches available to apply LCA under these conditions. This operational guide is a useful tool for LCA practitioners; it provides best practice recommendations to carry out LCA studies on agri-food products in developing and emerging contexts.
    Keywords: agriculture ; food ; sustainable development ; industry ; modelling ; regulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The ancestor of the large camelids, originally from North America, is thought to have migrated to Asia several million years ago, to settle in arid areas: the Arabian Peninsula for the dromedaries - also called Arabian camels or one-humped camels -, and Central Asia for the Bactrians - or two-humped camels, sometimes called Asian camels. The remarkable resistance of large camels to extreme climatic conditions, their service functions (transport, riding or management of pastoral areas), as well as the quality and good value of their products on national and international markets (milk, meat or wool), have led to the emergence over the last few decades of a new industry for these species, which until recently were confined to the subsistence of nomadic populations living in the desert regions of Africa and Asia. This industry is now being established not only in the countries of origin, but also in the Western world, where livestock management, based on practices implemented for the bovine species, often proves to be ineffective. This reference book, the only one of its kind in French, is therefore intended for all those involved in the industry, whether they are concerned with breeding activities, technical advice or the care of large camelids. It successively describes general information on the species, the physiological bases of reproduction, lactation and feeding, the main productions, as well as health and hygiene management in camel breeding.
    Keywords: Africa ; food ; anatomy ; Asia ; biology ; technical advice ; breeding ; ethology ; Europe ; industry ; hygiene ; milk ; Mediterranean ; nutrition ; animal pathology ; animal production ; dairy product ; reproduction ; health ; zootechnics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine::MZD Veterinary medicine: large animals
    Language: French
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  • 89
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: Food and nutritional security refers to the challenge of providing sustainable, healthy and accessible food to all people. It has four interconnected dimensions: availability, access, utilization and stability. Tackling this tremendous challenge means transforming our food systems and mobilizing key stakeholders and decision-makers to leverage intersectoral knowledge and scientific evidence. From 2014 to 2020, CIRAD and INRAE led an ambitious interdisciplinary flagship programme on the transitions for global food security called GloFoodS. Authored by principal investigators and contributors to research projects funded by GloFoodS, this book is representative of the programme’s interdisciplinary research but does not claim to provide exhaustive coverage of topics and approaches of food security. It presents recent research findings from many disciplines, including the life, engineering and social sciences. The findings were drawn from different analysis scales as well as from the combination of local and global food security approaches. The various chapters explore issues such as food system governance, balance and discrepancies between agricultural supply and food needs, the role of innovations in providing high-quality foods and promoting resilient value chains, and the role of local resource management in achieving food security. This book will be of interest to a broad scientific audience of researchers, academics, food systems professionals and decision-makers, as well as readers interested in food and nutritional security issues. Découvrez aussi sur notre boutique en ligne
    Keywords: Africa ; agriculture ; food ; Latin America ; consumer ; economy ; Europe ; market ; food security ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFF Food security & supply
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Milk production and marketing in West Africa is an integral part of the economy and way of life of rural herder and agropastoralist families. They represent a significant socio-economic and environmental challenge for the region. Despite the dynamism of the local milk sector, marked by an increase in the number of mini-dairies, the current supply remains insufficient to meet the increase in demand, which is growing faster than production, particularly in the cities. Family farms remain poorly connected to the market and have little incentive to increase their sales. They also face constraints in organising collection, as well as management and marketing difficulties. This book is intended for managers, promoters and advisers of mini-dairies. It provides information on the processing of dairy products and presents the key points for the development of these structures. It provides information on the processing of dairy products and presents the key points for the development of these structures. In a didactic manner, based on GRET's experience, and combining theory and practice, it provides the elements of understanding necessary for the proper conduct of this activity. This guide is completed by a series of sheets summarising the processing stages of the main dairy products manufactured in West Africa.
    Keywords: Africa ; food ; technical advice ; economic development ; rural development ; equipment ; hygiene ; milk ; market ; animal production ; dairy product ; protein ; quality ; preservation technique ; processing technique ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHF Dairy farming
    Language: French
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  • 91
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: Researchers rarely reveal the details of the methodological choices that underpin their research. The theoretical and practical considerations that have guided them in these choices often remain implicit. In this book, the methods for studying food and 'eaters' are central. The use of the term 'eaters' aims to distinguish them from the figure of the consumer. It emphasises the multidimensionality of the act of eating, an act that engages the biological body as much as the sociality of individuals and inserts them into space and time as well as into economic exchanges. This book is the result of a collective effort involving some forty experienced researchers. With a view to pedagogy, it aims to critically present fifteen methods currently used in or at the crossroads of different disciplines: anthropology, economics, geography, nutrition and sociology. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, expert researchers and other professionals looking for methods to better understand or refine their own tools for studying food and eaters.
    Keywords: food ; anthopology ; consumer ; economy ; nutrition ; research ; sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
    Language: French
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  • 92
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The use of chemical pesticides is a major societal concern because of their negative impacts on the environment and health. The Priority Research Programme (PPR) "Cultiver et Protéger Autrement" (Growing and Protecting Differently), led by INRAE, plays a structuring role in the evolution of scientific communities and in the emergence of scientific fronts allowing for pesticide-free crop protection. The aim of the book is to explain the foundations of this strategy and the principles of action. By setting itself a zero pesticide course, research is attempting to overcome the current obstacles and produce breakthrough innovations in the biotechnical and socio-economic fields. In addition to research, teaching and the agricultural sector, this book also targets innovation, development and advisory actors.
    Keywords: farmer ; agriculture ; organic farming ; agronomy ; nitrogen ; sustainable development ; industry ; herbicide ; biological control ; pest control ; nitrate ; GMO ; pesticide ; public policy ; pollution ; regulation ; cropping system ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases
    Language: French
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: Among the observed climate changes, the increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is at the heart of foresters' concerns. The speed and extent of these changes, the long life span of trees, and the impossibility of irrigation are all constraints that make it difficult to meet the challenge of forest adaptation. Although there are many causes, lack of water often plays a central role in the deterioration of tree health. How does a tree function with water? How does it react to drought? What are the means to assess its sensitivity to drought? What is a functioning model and what purpose does it serve? This book answers these questions. To facilitate dialogue between ecophysiological researchers and users of research results, it also presents indicators of the effects of drought on trees and functioning models, with a description of each model developed and used by researchers in France. Above all pedagogical and abundantly illustrated, this summary provides us with all the knowledge we need to understand, observe and anticipate the effects of climate change on forests. It is an indispensable tool for students, teachers, foresters, researchers, development and public policy actors, etc.
    Keywords: tree ; biology ; climate ; water ; forest ; modelling ; plant production ; drought ; soil ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography & topography::RGBL Forests, rainforests
    Language: French
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  • 94
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: Food problems are the order of the day. Solving the problems of hunger and malnutrition, producing and guaranteeing access to healthy food, preserving the environment, valuing local cultures and ensuring citizen participation are some of the many challenges that permeate the dynamics of food systems. This book addresses the role of Latin American public policies and actions in the configuration of healthy and sustainable food systems. Written by scholars specialized in various disciplines (economy, sociology, policy science, etc.) and hailing from ten Latin American countries, it provides a historical overview of national food policies, examines recent policy changes and explores innovative urban and rural experiences at local level. The authors also discuss the challenges of developing specific policy objectives related to sustainable food systems. This book shows how référentiels for public food policies have become more integrated in Latin America and takes a closer look at several promising local initiatives. However, it also highlights the many constraints in fostering sustainable food systems in the region, such as persistent competition among production models, land tenure inequalities and coordination issues among actors and state bodies. It will be of interest to a scientific audience of teachers and food systems professionals, as well as any readers interested in policy dynamics in Latin America.
    Keywords: agriculture ; food ; Latin America ; issue ; environment ; public policy ; health ; food security ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFF Food security & supply
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ideal of the modern cow, a mix of nature, culture and technoscience, is embodied today by the Holstein-Frisonne, the most productive dairy breed, present throughout the world. The object of intensive selection and accelerated circulation of genetic resources, this "global cow" crystallises the tensions between science and capitalism, theory and practice, and so-called developed and developing countries. It is emblematic and gives rise to in-depth reflection on the place of calculation tools applied to living organisms and on the biological limits of industrial and commercial globalisation. This book investigates the black box of life in the complex arrangement of selection. It traces the history of the international organisation of bovine genetic evaluation and follows its actors at different levels, in Europe, the United States and in developing countries, notably South Africa. It is intended for researchers and students in the life sciences, the humanities and social sciences, as well as professionals in the world of animal husbandry and a general public interested in the place of life in industrialised and globalised agriculture.
    Keywords: Africa ; agriculture ; cattle ; economic development ; economics ; livestock ; genetics ; animal production ; sociology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology::TCBG Genetic engineering
    Language: French
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Today, urban agriculture appears to be a lever for the ecological transition of cities and a tool for education in sustainable food. Many urban development actors are setting up projects on their territories: collective gardens, eco-grazing, participative micro-farms, mushroom beds, beehives, etc. However, the implementation of this type of project raises many questions about their relevance and feasibility in the areas concerned. What are the expectations of the different actors and inhabitants? What types of project can be implemented? What surface area is necessary? How to set up a shared garden or a micro-farm? This guide proposes a methodology based on the experience of the Exp'AU research office (Expertises en agricultures urbaines, under the aegis of AgroParisTech Innovation), which since 2015 has been carrying out missions to support local actors in setting up urban agriculture projects. The proposed methodological itinerary is structured in three steps and guides the user step by step in his approach, even without specific knowledge related to this field. This book is intended for owners and managers of urban land (local authorities, landlords, developers, planners) who wish to set up urban agriculture projects, whether commercial (urban farms, eco-grazing) or non-commercial (shared gardens, chicken coops, etc).
    Keywords: agriculture ; decision support ; planning ; land use ; biodiversity ; technical advice ; sustainable development ; ecology ; land ; garden ; public policy ; regulation ; soil ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture
    Language: French
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  • 97
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The history of science is littered with the lives of famous scientists, such as Charles Darwin, Marie Curie or Albert Einstein, who have recounted their passion for research and the emotions that contributed to it. Generally speaking, all researchers know the intellectual pleasure associated with their professional activity. Most are fervently committed to their work and take it to heart to convince the community and/or the general public of its relevance and importance. Few researchers, however, recognise that their emotions can affect the way they approach their research, or the way they practice it. Do emotions affect the choice of the object of study or the choice of tools? Do they influence the reading and interpretation of scientific results or facts? Should or can the researcher control his or her emotions or try to put them at a distance? Or should they have a place in the research process itself? Is an emotion an appropriate source of scientific knowledge? How should emotions be evaluated? This book proposes to answer all these questions.
    Keywords: history ; philosophy ; research ; sociology ; scientific activity ; emotion ; epistemology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: French
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  • 98
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2022-08-03
    Description: The crises we are going through call into question the models of society on which our priorities and actions are based. How can we regain the capacity to act for an ideal of social and ecological justice? How can How can we remobilise our senses and inhabit our territories with awareness and responsibility? Various avenues are being explored by the international community, States and civil society to make the relationship between social well-being and the state of the environment more explicit. But none of them seems to be able to really take root in the decision-making process. The commons deal with these relationships in a sensitive and reasoned way. This book is the result of 20 years of committed research and transdisciplinary thinking by a group of researchers involved in international cooperation with Southern countries (jurist, economist, modeller, sociologist, geographer, ecologist, agronomist, computer scientist). By simultaneously apprehending the needs of humans and non-humans, the common property approach to land and resources presented in this book invites us to identify and invest in the room for manoeuvre that will allow the diversity of users to assert their prerogatives and assume their duties. The proposed social innovation constitutes the crucible for the inclusion of non-humans in collectives that are instituted, if not sometimes institutionalised. The "actors of living together" thus acquire a capacity for analysis and commitment that they are obliged to make explicit; they mobilise tools and methods that facilitate collective action; and they seek to reach agreement in order to deal with uncertainties. The strengthening of social ties and the resulting ecological awareness are the driving force behind new projects for territories to be co-constructed based on a "shared experience" and a rethought governance. This book is intended for students, political and territorial actors, scientists, development operators, representatives of civil society, in a word, all the actors of the living together mobilized in front of the social and ecological emergency at the scale of the lived spaces.
    Keywords: human activity ; decision support ; planning ; land use ; anthropology ; biodiversity ; sustainable development ; rural development ; ecology ; ecosystem ; environment ; ethics ; inhabitant ; modelling ; natural park ; research ; regulation ; sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: French
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: People living or working in the Arctic are faced with uncertainty regarding future social, political, economic, and environmental change. This uncertainty is due not least to the ongoing transformations caused by climate change. This paper presents results from a project entitled “Yamal 2040: Scenarios for the Russian Arctic”, which employed ‘Strategic Foresight’, a specific co-design and engagement methodology, to support stakeholders of one particular region in the Arctic, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamal region) in Western Siberia, Russia. It was the project’s objective to respond to this situation of general uncertainty, to develop forward-looking scenarios to better understand the risks and opportunities associated with future transformations in the Arctic. The findings presented here may be of interest for stakeholders in other parts of the Arctic and Russia that depend on the exploitation of fossil fuels and/or are facing complex and uncertain situations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This report – Study on the socio-economic importance of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the Southeast Atlantic region – aims to analyse the socio-economic importance of the ABNJ adjacent to the countries within the Abidjan Convention Area in West, Central and Southern Africa. It characterizes the socio-economic interests in ABNJ, underpinned by the ecosystem services concept, and the actual and potential social and economic outcomes (costs and benefits) associated with the conservation and use (exploitation) of marine resources, both in qualitative, and to the extent possible in quantitative terms. In this study, the term “socio-economics” is taken in a broad context to include the social aspects related to human well-being, livelihoods, impacts on communities, equity, socio-political systems, as well as economic ones. The analysis is based on an extensive literature review of scientific publications, articles, analysis of available data, stakeholder knowledge and experience, as well as expert opinion gathered through targeted interviews. It provides a narrative and forward-looking assessment of the key activities. The information presented is intend-ed to support decision-makers, including government officials, the private sector and other stakeholders to make informed decisions about ABNJ and weigh environmental, social and eco-nomic objectives, in the context of a new internationally binding treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction, the BBNJ agreement. This report is part of a series of reports covering issues of ocean governance with a focus on the Southeast Atlantic (and Southeast Pacific) published under the STRONG High Seas project – Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas (June 2017 – May 2022).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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