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  • Springer Nature  (20,439)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (6,733)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • PANGAEA
  • 2020-2023  (44)
  • 1975-1979  (27,822)
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  • 1
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    Deep water inflow slowed offshore expansion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 3(1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is threatened by the incursion of warm Circumpolar Deepwater which flows southwards via cross-shelf troughs towards the coast there melting ice shelves. However, the onset of this oceanic forcing on the development and evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet remains poorly understood. Here, we use single- and multichannel seismic reflection profiles to investigate the architecture of a sediment body on the shelf of the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We estimate the formation age of this sediment body to be around the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and find that it possesses the geometry and depositional pattern of a plastered sediment drift. We suggest this indicates a southward inflow of deep water which probably supplied heat and, thus, prevented West Antarctic Ice Sheet advance beyond the coast at this time. We conclude that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has likely experienced a strong oceanic influence on its dynamics since its initial formation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite these differences, calculations highlight a similar parental melt for EF and MSC products, suggesting only a different evolutionary history after melt generation. While MSC magmas underwent a further step of storage at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the base of the crust without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it indicates a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the base of the crust, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 21821
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Energy threshold changes in volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) inferred from volcanic tremor (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: From the 2010s on, pattern classification has proven an effective method for flagging alerts of volcano unrest before eruptive activity at Mt. Etna, Italy. The analysis has been applied online to volcanic tremor data, and has supported the surveillance activity of the volcano that provides timely information to Civil Protection and other authorities. However, after declaring an alert, no one knows how long the volcano unrest will last and if a climactic eruptive activity will actually begin. These are critical aspects when considering the effects of a prolonged state of alert. An example of longstanding unrest is related to the Christmas Eve eruption in 2018, which was heralded by several months of almost continuous Strombolian activity. Here, we discuss the usage of thresholds to detect conditions leading to paroxysmal activity, and the challenges associated with defining such thresholds, leveraging a dataset of 52 episodes of lava fountains occurring in 2021. We were able to identify conservative settings regarding the thresholds, allowing for an early warning of impending paroxysm in almost all cases (circa 85% for the first 4 months in 2021, and over 90% for the whole year). The chosen thresholds also proved useful to predict that a paroxysmal activity was about to end. Such information provides reliable numbers for volcanologists for their assessments, based on visual information, which may not be available in bad weather or cloudy conditions.
    Description: Project IMPACT (A multidisciplinary Insight on the kinematics and dynamics of Magmatic Processes at Mt. Etna Aimed at identifying preCursor phenomena and developing early warning sysTems). IMPACT belongs to the Progetti Dipartimentali INGV [DIP7], https://progetti.ingv.it/index.php/it/progetti-dipartimentali/vulcani/impact#informazioni-sul-progetto.
    Description: Published
    Description: 17895
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic tremor ; Volcano monitoring ; Pattern recognition ; Self Organizing maps ; Fuzzy clustering ; Mt. Etna ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Evidence for late glacial oceanic carbon redistribution and discharge from the Pacific Southern Ocean (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 13, 12 p., ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: Southern Ocean deep-water circulation plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. On geological time-scales, upwelling along the Chilean continental margin likely contributed to the deglacial atmospheric carbon dioxide rise, but little quantitative evidence exists of carbon storage. Here, we use a new X-ray Micro-Computer-Tomography method to assess foraminiferal test dissolution as proxy for paleo-carbonate ion concentrations [CO3^2−]. Our subantarctic Southeast Pacific sediment core depth transect shows significant deep-water [CO3^2−] variations during the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation (10 – 22 ka BP). We provide evidence for an increase in [CO3^2−] during the early deglacial period (15-19 ka BP), followed by a ca. 40 µmol kg^-1 reduction in Lower Circumpolar Deepwater (CDW). This decreased Pacific to Atlantic export of low-carbon CDW contributed to significantly lowered carbon storage within the Southern Ocean, highlighting the importance of a dynamic Pacific–Southern Ocean deep-water reconfiguration for shaping late-glacial oceanic carbon storage, and subsequent deglacial oceanic-atmospheric CO2 transfer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Southern Ocean biogenic blooms freezing-in Oligocene colder climates (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 1-10, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Crossing a key atmospheric CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 threshold triggered a fundamental global climate reorganisation ~34 million years ago (Ma) establishing permanent Antarctic ice sheets. Curiously, a more dramatic CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 decline (~800–400 ppm by the Early Oligocene(~27 Ma)), postdates initial ice sheet expansion but the mechanisms driving this later, rapid drop in atmospheric carbon during the early Oligocene remains elusive and controversial. Here we use marine seismic reflection and borehole data to reveal an unprecedented accumulation of early Oligocene strata (up to 2.2 km thick over 1500 × 500 km) with a major biogenic component in the Australian Southern Ocean. High-resolution ocean simulations demonstrate that a tectonically-driven, one-off reorganisation of ocean currents, caused a unique period where current instability coincided with high nutrient input from the Antarctic continent. This unrepeated and short-lived environment favoured extreme bioproductivity and enhanced sediment burial. The size and rapid accumulation of this sediment package potentially holds ~1.067 × 10〈jats:sup〉15〈/jats:sup〉 kg of the ‘missing carbon’ sequestered during the decline from an Eocene high CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉-world to a mid-Oligocene medium CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉-world, highlighting the exceptional role of the Southern Ocean in modulating long-term climate.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Site dependence of the magnetocaloric effect in Mn5−xFexSi3 (2022)
    Ait Haddouch, Mohammed ; Abboushi, Nour ; Sharma, Neetika ; [et al.]
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The nuclear and magnetic structures of Mn3Fe2Si3 are investigated in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. The magnetic properties of Mn3Fe2Si3 were measured on a single crystal. The compound undergoes a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at TN2 ≃ 120 K and an antiferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at TN1 ≃ 69 K. A similar sequence of magnetic phase transitions is found for the parent compound Mn5Si3 upon temperature variation, but the field‐driven transition observed in Mn5Si3 is not found in Mn3Fe2Si3, resulting in a strongly reduced magnetocaloric effect. Structurally, the hexagonal symmetry found for both compounds under ambient conditions is preserved in Mn3Fe2Si3 through both magnetic transitions, indicating that the crystal structure is only weakly affected by the magnetic phase transition, in contrast to Mn5Si3 where both transitions distort the nuclear structure. Both compounds feature a collinear high‐temperature magnetic phase AF2 and transfer into a non‐collinear phase AF1 at low temperature. While one of the distinct crystallographic sites remains disordered in the AF2 phase in the parent compound, the magnetic structure in the AF2 phase involves all magnetic atoms in Mn3Fe2Si3. These observations imply that the distinct sites occupied by the magnetic atoms play an important role in the magnetocaloric behaviour of the family.
    Description: The nuclear and magnetic structures of Mn3Fe2Si3 are determined and the magnetic properties are compared with those of the parent compound Mn5Si3. The results imply that the distinct magnetic sites play an important role in the magnetocaloric behaviour of the family. image
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; magnetocaloric effect ; magnetic structure ; neutron diffraction ; synchrotron diffraction ; site dependence
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Environmental stability and phenotypic plasticity benefit the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in an acidified fjord (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 5(683)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-13
    Description: The stratified Chilean Comau Fjord sustains a dense population of the cold-water coral (CWC) Desmophyllum dianthus in aragonite supersaturated shallow and aragonite under- saturated deep water. This provides a rare opportunity to evaluate CWC fitness trade-offs in response to physico-chemical drivers and their variability. Here, we combined year-long reciprocal transplantation experiments along natural oceanographic gradients with an in situ assessment of CWC fitness. Following transplantation, corals acclimated fast to the novel environment with no discernible difference between native and novel (i.e. cross-transplanted) corals, demonstrating high phenotypic plasticity. Surprisingly, corals exposed to lowest ara- gonite saturation (Ωarag 〈 1) and temperature (T 〈 12.0 °C), but stable environmental condi- tions, at the deep station grew fastest and expressed the fittest phenotype. We found an inverse relationship between CWC fitness and environmental variability and propose to consider the high frequency fluctuations of abiotic and biotic factors to better predict the future of CWCs in a changing ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Sub‐micrometer focusing setup for high‐pressure crystallography at the Extreme Conditions beamline at PETRA III (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Scientific tasks aimed at decoding and characterizing complex systems and processes at high pressures set new challenges for modern X‐ray diffraction instrumentation in terms of X‐ray flux, focal spot size and sample positioning. Presented here are new developments at the Extreme Conditions beamline (P02.2, PETRA III, DESY, Germany) that enable considerable improvements in data collection at very high pressures and small scattering volumes. In particular, the focusing of the X‐ray beam to the sub‐micrometer level is described, and control of the aberrations of the focusing compound refractive lenses is made possible with the implementation of a correcting phase plate. This device provides a significant enhancement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio by conditioning the beam shape profile at the focal spot. A new sample alignment system with a small sphere of confusion enables single‐crystal data collection from grains of micrometer to sub‐micrometer dimensions subjected to pressures as high as 200 GPa. The combination of the technical development of the optical path and the sample alignment system contributes to research and gives benefits on various levels, including rapid and accurate diffraction mapping of samples with sub‐micrometer resolution at multimegabar pressures.
    Description: Facing the challenges of X‐ray diffraction from tiny samples subjected to multimegabar pressures, instrumentation developments are presented that enable, among other studies, single‐crystal data collection from micrometer‐ to sub‐micrometer‐sized grains. The developments are based on a sub‐micrometer beam capability employing compound refractive lenses operating with a phase correcting plate and a precise motorization solution.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Mid-Pliocene El Niño/Southern Oscillation suppressed by Pacific intertropical convergence zone shift (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, ISSN: 1752-0908
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant driver of year-to-year climate variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, impacts climate pattern across the globe. However, the response of the ENSO system to past and potential future temperature increases is not fully understood. Here we investigate ENSO variability in the warmer climate of the mid-Pliocene (~3.0–3.3 Ma), when surface temperatures were ~2–3 °C above modern values, in a large ensemble of climate models—the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project. We show that the ensemble consistently suggests a weakening of ENSO variability, with a mean reduction of 25% (±16%). We further show that shifts in the equatorial Pacific mean state cannot fully explain these changes. Instead, ENSO was suppressed by a series of off-equatorial processes triggered by a northward displacement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone: weakened convective feedback and intensified Southern Hemisphere circulation, which inhibit various processes that initiate ENSO. The connection between the climatological intertropical convergence zone position and ENSO we find in the past is expected to operate in our warming world with important ramifications for ENSO variability.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science - INTERACT Workshop 2022 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3INTERACT Webinar on Data Repositories, Online, 2022-05-12Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 11
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    Robust approaches for model‐free small‐angle scattering data analysis (2022)
    Bender, Philipp ; Honecker, Dirk ; Bersweiler, Mathias ; [et al.]
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: The small‐angle neutron scattering data of nanostructured magnetic samples contain information regarding their chemical and magnetic properties. Often, the first step to access characteristic magnetic and structural length scales is a model‐free investigation. However, due to measurement uncertainties and a restricted q range, a direct Fourier transform usually fails and results in ambiguous distributions. To circumvent these problems, different methods have been introduced to derive regularized, more stable correlation functions, with the indirect Fourier transform being the most prominent approach. Here, the indirect Fourier transform is compared with the singular value decomposition and an iterative algorithm. These approaches are used to determine the correlation function from magnetic small‐angle neutron scattering data of a powder sample of iron oxide nanoparticles; it is shown that with all three methods, in principle, the same correlation function can be derived. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, and thus the recommendation is to combine these three approaches to obtain robust results.
    Description: Three different approaches are compared for determination of the correlation function from the small‐angle neutron scattering data of a powder sample of iron oxide nanoparticles.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Sea ice surface temperatures from helicopter-borne thermal infrared imaging during the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 9(1), ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: The sea ice surface temperature is important to understand the Arctic winter heat budget. We conducted 35 helicopter flights with an infrared camera in winter 2019/2020 during the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The flights were performed from a local, 5 to 10 km scale up to a regional, 20 to 40 km scale. The infrared camera recorded thermal infrared brightness temperatures, which we converted to surface temperatures. More than 150000 images from all flights can be investigated individually. As an advanced data product, we created surface temperature maps for every flight with a 1 m resolution. We corrected image gradients, applied an ice drift correction, georeferenced all pixels, and corrected the surface temperature by its natural temporal drift, which results in time-fixed surface temperature maps for a consistent analysis of one flight. The temporal and spatial variability of sea ice characteristics is an important contribution to an increased understanding of the Arctic heat budget and, in particular, for the validation of satellite products.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    Structure determination from unindexed powder data from scratch by a global optimization approach using pattern comparison based on cross‐correlation functions (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-16
    Description: A method of ab initio crystal structure determination from powder diffraction data for organic and metal–organic compounds, which does not require prior indexing of the powder pattern, has been developed. Only a reasonable molecular geometry is required, needing knowledge of neither unit‐cell parameters nor space group. The structures are solved from scratch by a global fit to the powder data using the new program FIDEL‐GO (`FIt with DEviating Lattice parameters ‐ Global Optimization'). FIDEL‐GO uses a similarity measure based on cross‐correlation functions, which allows the comparison of simulated and experimental powder data even if the unit‐cell parameters deviate strongly. The optimization starts from large sets of random structures in various space groups. The unit‐cell parameters, molecular position and orientation, and selected internal degrees of freedom are fitted simultaneously to the powder pattern. The optimization proceeds in an elaborate multi‐step procedure with built‐in clustering of duplicate structures and iterative adaptation of parameter ranges. The best structures are selected for an automatic Rietveld refinement. Finally, a user‐controlled Rietveld refinement is performed. The procedure aims for the analysis of a wide range of `problematic' powder patterns, in particular powders of low crystallinity. The method can also be used for the clustering and screening of a large number of possible structure candidates and other application scenarios. Examples are presented for structure determination from unindexed powder data of the previously unknown structures of the nanocrystalline phases of 4,11‐difluoro‐, 2,9‐dichloro‐ and 2,9‐dichloro‐6,13‐dihydro‐quinacridone, which were solved from powder patterns with 14–20 peaks only, and of the coordination polymer dichloro‐bis(pyridine‐N)copper(II).
    Description: A new method for the structure determination of molecular crystals from unindexed powder data has been developed and successfully applied. The method performs a global optimization using pattern comparison based on cross‐correlation functions.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Diversity and origins of bacterial and archaeal viruses on sinking particles reaching the abyssal ocean (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Luo, E., Leu, A. O., Eppley, J. M., Karl, D. M., & DeLong, E. F. Diversity and origins of bacterial and archaeal viruses on sinking particles reaching the abyssal ocean. ISME Journal, 16, : 1627–1635, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01202-1.
    Description: Sinking particles and particle-associated microbes influence global biogeochemistry through particulate matter export from the surface to the deep ocean. Despite ongoing studies of particle-associated microbes, viruses in these habitats remain largely unexplored. Whether, where, and which viruses might contribute to particle production and export remain open to investigation. In this study, we analyzed 857 virus population genomes associated with sinking particles collected over three years in sediment traps moored at 4000 m in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Particle-associated viruses here were linked to cellular hosts through matches to bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genome (MAG)-encoded prophages or CRISPR spacers, identifying novel viruses infecting presumptive deep-sea bacteria such as Colwellia, Moritella, and Shewanella. We also identified lytic viruses whose abundances correlated with particulate carbon flux and/or were exported from the photic to abyssal ocean, including cyanophages. Our data are consistent with some of the predicted outcomes of the viral shuttle hypothesis, and further suggest that viral lysis of both autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes may play a role in carbon export. Our analyses revealed the diversity and origins of prevalent viruses found on deep-sea sinking particles and identified prospective viral groups for future investigation into processes that govern particle export in the open ocean.
    Description: This project is funded by grants from the Simons Foundation (#329108 to EFD and DMK, #721223 to EFD, and #721252 to DMK) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF3777 to EFD and GBMF3794 to DMK). Partial support for EL was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGSD3-487490-2016).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 15
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    Intracellular nitrate storage by diatoms can be an important nitrogen pool in freshwater and marine ecosystems (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 3(1), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Identifying and quantifying nitrogen pools is essential for understanding the nitrogen cycle in aquatic ecosystems. The ubiquitous diatoms represent an overlooked nitrate pool as they can accumulate nitrate intracellularly and utilize it for nitrogen assimilation, dissipation of excess photosynthetic energy, and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA). Here, we document the global co-occurrence of diatoms and intracellular nitrate in phototrophic microbial communities in freshwater (n = 69), coastal (n = 44), and open marine (n = 4) habitats. Diatom abundance and total intracellular nitrate contents in water columns, sediments, microbial mats, and epilithic biofilms were highly significantly correlated. In contrast, diatom community composition had only a marginal influence on total intracellular nitrate contents. Nitrate concentrations inside diatom cells exceeded ambient nitrate concentrations ∼100–4000-fold. The collective intracellular nitrate pool of the diatom community accounted for 〈1% of total nitrate in pelagic habitats and 65–95% in benthic habitats. Accordingly, nitrate-storing diatoms are emerging as significant contributors to benthic nitrogen cycling, in particular through Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium activity under anoxic conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 16
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    HTD2: a single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer for combined high‐pressure/low‐temperature experiments at laboratory scale (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-15
    Description: High‐pressure (HP) X‐ray diffraction experiments at low temperature (LT) require dedicated instruments as well as non‐standard sample environments and measuring strategies. This is especially true when helium cryogenic temperatures below 80 K are targeted. Furthermore, only experiments on single‐crystalline samples provide the prerequisites to study subtle structural changes in the p–T phase diagram under extreme LT and HP conditions in greater detail. Due to special hardware requirements, such measurements are usually in the realm of synchrotron beamlines. This contribution describes the design of an LT/HP diffractometer (HTD2) to perform single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments using a laboratory source in the temperature range 400 〉 T 〉 2 K while applying pressures of up to 20 GPa.
    Description: The design and operation of a newly commissioned single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer (HTD2) are presented. The device enables experiments under simultaneous low‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions using a laboratory X‐ray source.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; HTD2 ; low temperature ; high pressure ; single crystals ; instrumentation
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    PISM parameter ensemble analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet glacial cycle simulations - additional data (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This dataset contains PISM simulation results of the Antarctic Ice Sheet based on code release v1.0-paleo-ensemble (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3574033). PISM is the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model developed mainly at UAF, USA and PIK, Germany. See documentation in https://www.pism.io. These are additional netCDF data from the same ensemble simulations already stored in doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.909728. 1) 1000-year snapshots since 125000 years before present, of ice thickness, bed topography, change in bed topography, floating/grounded mask, surface elevation, basal melt rate and vertically averaged velocity magnitude (SIA+SSA) (16GB) 2) 5000-year snapshots since 125000 years before present, SSA velocity components in x and y direction (8GB)
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 18
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    On incoherent diffractive imaging (2021)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-07
    Description: Incoherent diffractive imaging (IDI) promises structural analysis with atomic resolution based on intensity interferometry of pulsed X‐ray fluorescence emission. However, its experimental realization is still pending and a comprehensive theory of contrast formation has not been established to date. Explicit expressions are derived for the equal‐pulse two‐point intensity correlations, as the principal measured quantity of IDI, with full control of the prefactors, based on a simple model of stochastic fluorescence emission. The model considers the photon detection statistics, the finite temporal coherence of the individual emissions, as well as the geometry of the scattering volume. The implications are interpreted in view of the most relevant quantities, including the fluorescence lifetime, the excitation pulse, as well as the extent of the scattering volume and pixel size. Importantly, the spatiotemporal overlap between any two emissions in the sample can be identified as a crucial factor limiting the contrast and its dependency on the sample size can be derived. The paper gives rigorous estimates for the optimum sample size, the maximum photon yield and the expected signal‐to‐noise ratio under optimal conditions. Based on these estimates, the feasibility of IDI experiments for plausible experimental parameters is discussed. It is shown in particular that the mean number of photons per detector pixel which can be achieved with X‐ray fluorescence is severely limited and as a consequence imposes restrictive constraints on possible applications.
    Description: Starting from a simple model of stochastic fluorescence emission, a theory is derived of contrast formation and signal‐to‐noise ratio for incoherent diffractive imaging; its feasibility for plausible experimental parameters is discussed. image
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Exploring Employee Perceptions towards Smart Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Comparative Analysis of Two Italian Public Research Organizations (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Of all the socio-economic changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the disruption to workforce organizations will probably leave the largest indelible mark. The way work will be organized in the future will be closely linked to the experience of work-ing under the same institution’s response to the pandemic. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge about smart working (SW) in public organizations, with a focus on the experience of the employees of two Italian research organizations, CNR and INGV. Analysing primary data, it explored and assessed how SW had been experi-enced following the implementation of governmental measures aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19
    Description: Published
    Description: 815–833
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Combining audio and visual displays to highlight temporal and spatial seismic patterns (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Data visualization, and to a lesser extent data sonification, are classic tools to the scientific community. However, these two approaches are very rarely combined, although they are highly complementary: our visual system is good at recognizing spatial patterns, whereas our auditory system is better tuned for temporal patterns. In this article, data representation methods are proposed that combine visualization, sonification, and spatial audio techniques, in order to optimize the user’s perception of spatial and temporal patterns in a single display, to increase the feeling of immersion, and to take advantage of multimodal integration mechanisms. Three seismic data sets are used to illustrate the methods, covering different physical phenomena, time scales, spatial distributions, and spatio-temporal dynamics. The methods are adapted to the specificities of each data set, and to the amount of information that the designer wants to display. This leads to further developments, namely the use of audification with two time scales, the switch from pure audification to time-modulated noise, and the switch from pure audification to sonic icons. First user feedback from live demonstrations indicates that the methods presented in this article seem to enhance the perception of spatio-temporal patterns, which is a key parameter to the understanding of seismically active systems, and a step towards apprehending the processes that drive this activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125–142
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
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    Short-term clustering modeling of seismicity in Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece): a retrospective forecast test of the 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos earthquake sequences (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: Short-term earthquake clustering properties in the Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece) area investigated through the application of an epidemic type stochastic model (Epidemic Type Earthquake Sequence; ETES). The computations are performed in an earthquake catalog covering the period 2008 to 2020 and including 2332 events with a completeness threshold of Mc = 3.1 and separated into two subcatalogs. The first subcatalog is employed for the learning period, which is between 2008/01/01 and 2016/12/31 (N = 1197 earthquakes), and used for the model’s parameters estimation. The second subcatalog from 2017/01/01 to 2020/11/10 (1135 earthquakes), in which the sequences of 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos main shocks are included, and used for a retrospective forecast testing based on the constructed model. The estimated model parameters imply a swarm like behavior, indicating the ability of earthquakes of small to moderate magnitude above Mc to produce their own offsprings, along with the stronger earthquakes. The retrospective evaluation of the model is examined in the three aftershock sequences, where lack of foreshocks resulted in low predictability of the mainshocks, with estimated daily probabilities around 10– 5. Immediately after the mainshocks occurrence the model adjusts with notable resemblance between the expected and observed aftershock rates, particularly for earthquakes with M ≥ 3.5.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1085–1099
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Simulation of non-stationary stochastic ground motions based on recent Italian earthquakes (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: This work presents an up-to-date model for the simulation of non-stationary ground motions, including several novelties compared to the original study of Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996). The selection of the input motion in the framework of earthquake engineering has become progressively more important with the growing use of nonlinear dynamic analyses. Regardless of the increasing availability of large strong motion databases, ground motion records are not always available for a given earthquake scenario and site condition, requiring the adoption of simulated time series. Among the different techniques for the generation of ground motion records, we focused on the methods based on stochastic simulations, considering the time- frequency decomposition of the seismic ground motion. We updated the non-stationary stochastic model initially developed in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) and later modified by Pousse et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 96:2103–2117, 2006) and Laurendeau et al. (Nonstationary stochastic simulation of strong ground-motion time histories: application to the Japanese database. 15 WCEE Lisbon, 2012). The model is based on the S-transform that implicitly considers both the amplitude and frequency modulation. The four model parameters required for the simulation are: Arias intensity, significant duration, central frequency, and frequency bandwidth. They were obtained from an empirical ground motion model calibrated using the accelerometric records included in the updated Italian strong-motion database ITACA. The simulated accelerograms show a good match with the ground motion model prediction of several amplitude and frequency measures, such as Arias intensity, peak acceleration, peak velocity, Fourier spectra, and response spectra.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3287–3315
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Insights on the Italian Seismic Network from location uncertainties (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Probabilistic earthquake locations provide confidence intervals for the hypocentre solutions such as errors encountered in the position, the origin time, and in magnitude. If the relationship of the parameters relative to the local arrangement of the seismic network is considered, such as the node distance, the number of stations, the seismic gap, and the quality of phase readings), the uncertainties can then provide insights on the location capability of the network. In this paper, we collect the earthquake data recorded from the Italian Seismic Network for a time span of 5 years. The data pertain to three different catalogues according to the progressive refinement phases of the location procedure: automatic location, revised location, and published location. By means of spatial analysis,we assess the distribution of the location-related and network-related estimators across the study area. These estimators are subsequently combined to assess the existence of spatial correlations at a local scale. The results indicate that the Italian network is generally able to provide robust locations at the national scale and for smaller earthquakes, and the elongated shape of Italy (and of its network) does not cause systematic bias in the locations. However, we highlight the existence of subregions in which the performance of the network is weaker. At present, a unique 2D, 3-layer velocity model is used for the earthquake location procedure, and this could represent the main limitation for the improvement of the locations. Therefore, the assessment of locally optimized velocity models is the priority for the homogenization and the improvement of the Italian Seismic Network performance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1061–1076
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
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    New trenching results along the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): an integration with preexisting data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: This paper provides a new contribution to the construction of the complex and fragmentary mosaic of the Late Holocene earthquakes history of the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (CNAF) in Turkey. The CNAF clearly displays lower dextral slip rates with respect to the northern strand however, surface rupturing and large damaging earthquakes (M 〉 7) occurred in the past, leaving clear signatures in the built and natural environments. The association of these historical events to specific earthquake sources (e.g., Gemlik, İznik, or Geyve fault segments) is still a matter of debate. We excavated two trenches across the İznik fault trace near Mustafali, a village about 10 km WSW of İznik where the morphological fault scarp was visible although modified by agricultural activities. Radiocarbon and TL dating on samples collected from the trenches show that the displaced deposits are very recent and span the past 2 millennia at most. Evidence for four surface faulting events was found in the Mustafali trenches. The integration of these results with historical data and previous paleoseismological data yields an updated Late Holocene history of surface-rupturing earthquakes along the İznik Fault in 1855, 740 (715), 362, and 121 CE. Evidence for the large M7 + historical earthquake dated 1419 CE generally attributed to this fault, was not found at any trench site along the İznik fault nor in the subaqueous record. This unfit between paleoseismological, stratigraphic, and historical data highlights one more time the urge for extensive paleoseismological trenching and offshore campaigns because of the high potential to solve the uncertainties on the seismogenic history (age, earthquake location, extent of the rupture and size) of this portion of NAFZ and especially on the attribution of historical earthquakes to the causative fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    Checking the site categorization criteria and amplification factors of the 2021 draft of Eurocode 8 Part 1–1 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: In this paper the site categorization criteria and the corresponding site amplification factors proposed in the 2021 draft of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 (2021-draft, CEN/TC250/SC8 Working Draft N1017) are first introduced and compared with the current version of Eurocode 8, as well as with site amplification factors from recent empirical ground motion prediction equations. Afterwards, these values are checked by two approaches. First, a wide dataset of strong motion records is built, where recording stations are classified according to 2021-draft, and the spectral amplifications are empirically estimated computing the site-to-site residuals from regional and global ground motion models for reference rock conditions. Second, a comprehensive parametric numerical study of one-dimensional (1D) site amplification is carried out, based on randomly generated shear-wave velocity profiles, classified according to the new criteria. A reasonably good agreement is found by both approaches. The most relevant discrepancies occur for the shallow soft soil conditions (soil category E) that, owing to the complex interaction of shear wave velocity, soil deposit thickness and frequency range of the excitation, show the largest scatter both in terms of records and of 1D numerical simulations. Furthermore, 1D numerical simulations for soft soil conditions tend to provide lower site amplification factors than 2021-draft, as well as lower than the corresponding site-to-site residuals from records, because of higher impact of non-linear (NL) site effects in the simulations. A site-specific study on NL effects at three KiK-net stations with a significantly large amount of high-intensity recorded ground motions gives support to the 2021-draft NL reduction factors, although the very limited number of recording stations allowing such analysis prevents deriving more general implications. In the presence of such controversial arguments, it is reasonable that a standard should adopt a prudent solution, with a limited reduction of the site amplification factors to account for NL soil response, while leaving the possibility to carry out site-specific estimations of such factors when sufficient information is available to model the ground strain dependency of local soil properties.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4199–4234
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: ShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5391–5414
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Automatic inspection and analysis of digital waveform images by means of convolutional neural networks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Analyzing seismic data to get information about earthquakes has always been a major task for seismologists and, more in general, for geophysicists. Recently, thanks to the technological development of observation systems, more and more data are available to perform such tasks. However, this data “grow up” makes “human possibility” of data processing more complex in terms of required efforts and time demanding. That is why new technological approaches such as artificial intelligence are becoming very popular and more and more exploited. In this paper, we explore the possibility of interpreting seismic waveform segments by means of pre-trained deep learning. More specifically, we apply convolutional networks to seismological waveforms recorded at local or regional distances without any pre-elaboration or filtering. We show that such an approach can be very successful in determining if an earthquake is “included” in the seismic wave image and in estimating the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the recording station.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1347–1359
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Midlatitude climatology of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness over two solar cycles (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: Themain climatological features of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ ) for the Northern hemispheremidlatitudes are analyzed. F2-layer peak electron density values recorded at three midlatitude ionospheric stations (Chilton 51.5° N, 0.6° W, U.K.; Roquetes 40.8° N, 0.5° E, Spain;Wallops Island 37.9° N, 75.5°W, USA) and vertical total electron content values from colocated ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers are used to calculate a dataset of τ values for the last two solar cycles, considering only magnetically quiet periods. Results are presented both as grids of binned medians and as boxplots as a function of local time and month of the year, for different solar activity levels. Corresponding trends are first compared to those output by the midlatitude empirical model developed by Fox et al. (Radio Sci 26:429–438, 1991) and then discussed in the light of what is known so far. From this investigation, the strong need to implement an improved empirical model of τ has emerged. Both Space Weather and Space Geodesy applications might benefit from such model. Therefore, both the dataset and the methodology described in the paper represent a first fundamental step aimed at implementing an empirical climatological model of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness. The study highlighted also that at midlatitudes τ shows the following main patterns: daytime values considerably smaller than nighttime ones (except in summer); well-defined maxima at solar terminator hours; a greater dispersion during nighttime and solar terminator hours; no clear and evident solar activity dependence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The eruption of basaltic magmas dominates explosive volcanism on Earth and other planets within the Solar System. The mechanism through which continuous magma fragments into volcanic particles is central in governing eruption dynamics and the ensuing hazards. However, the mechanism of fragmentation of basaltic magmas is still disputed, with both viscous and brittle mechanisms having been proposed. Here we carry out textural analysis of the products of ten eruptions from seven volcanoes by scanning electron microscopy. We find broken crystals surrounded by intact glass that testify to the brittle fragmentation of basaltic magmas during explosive activity worldwide. We then replicated the natural textures of broken crystals in laboratory experiments where variably crystallized basaltic melt was fragmented by rapid deformation. The experiments reveal that crystals are broken by the propagation of a network of fractures through magma, and that afterwards the fractures heal by viscous flow of the melt. Fracturing and healing affect gas mobility, stress distribution, and bubble and crystal size distributions in magma. Our results challenge the idea that the grain size distribution of basaltic eruption products reflects the density of fractures that initially fragmented the magma and ultimately indicate that brittle fracturing and viscous healing of magma may underlie basaltic explosive eruptions globally.
    Description: Published
    Description: 248–254
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Neapolitan volcanoes (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: This book serves as a guide to discovering the most interesting volcano sites in Italy. Accompanied by some extraordinary contemporary images of active Neapolitan volcanoes, it explains the main volcanic processes that have been shaping the landscape of the Campania region and influencing human settlements in this area since Greek and Roman times and that have prompted leading international scientists to visit and study this natural volcanology laboratory. While volcanology is the central topic, the book also addresses other aspects related to the area’s volcanism and is divided into three sections: 1) Neapolitan volcanic activity and processes (with a general introduction to volcanology and its development around Naples together with descriptions of the landscape and the main sites worth visiting); 2) Volcanoes and their interactions with local human settlements since the Bronze Age, recent population growth and the transformation of the territory; 3) The risks posed by Neapolitan Volcanoes, their recent activity and the problem of forecasting any future eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
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    Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Nature, 4(1), ISSN: 2397-3722
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Babbin, A. R., Tamasi, T., Dumit, D., Weber, L., Rodríguez, M. V. I., Schwartz, S. L., Armenteros, M., Wankel, S. D., & Apprill, A. Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00845-2.
    Description: Coral reef health depends on an intricate relationship among the coral animal, photosynthetic algae, and a complex microbial community. The holobiont can impact the nutrient balance of their hosts amid an otherwise oligotrophic environment, including by cycling physiologically important nitrogen compounds. Here we use 15N-tracer experiments to produce the first simultaneous measurements of ammonium oxidation, nitrate reduction, and nitrous oxide (N2O) production among five iconic species of reef-building corals (Acropora palmata, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Porites porites) in the highly protected Jardines de la Reina reefs of Cuba. Nitrate reduction is present in most species, but ammonium oxidation is low potentially due to photoinhibition and assimilatory competition. Coral-associated rates of N2O production indicate a widespread potential for denitrification, especially among D. labyrinthiformis, at rates of ~1 nmol cm−2 d−1. In contrast, A. palmata displays minimal active nitrogen metabolism. Enhanced rates of nitrate reduction and N2O production are observed coincident with dark net respiration periods. Genomes of bacterial cultures isolated from multiple coral species confirm that microorganisms with the ability to respire nitrate anaerobically to either dinitrogen gas or ammonium exist within the holobiont. This confirmation of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms by coral-associated microorganisms sheds new light on coral and reef productivity.
    Description: Research was conducted in the Gardens of the Queen, Cuba in accordance with the requirements of the Republic of Cuba, conducted under permit NV2370 and NV2568 issued by the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this research by MIT Sea Grant award #2018-DOH-49-LEV, Simons Foundation award #622065, and MIT ESI seed funding to ARB, the MIT Montrym, Ferry, and mTerra Seed Grant Funds, and the generous contributions by Dr Bruce L. Heflinger.
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    Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seyler, L. M., Trembath-Reichert, E., Tully, B. J., & Huber, J. A. Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00843-4.
    Description: The oceanic crustal aquifer is one of the largest habitable volumes on Earth, and it harbors a reservoir of microbial life that influences global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Here, we use time series metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from a low-temperature, ridge flank environment representative of the majority of global hydrothermal fluid circulation in the ocean to reconstruct microbial metabolic potential, transcript abundance, and community dynamics. We also present metagenome-assembled genomes from recently collected fluids that are furthest removed from drilling disturbances. Our results suggest that the microbial community in the North Pond aquifer plays an important role in the oxidation of organic carbon within the crust. This community is motile and metabolically flexible, with the ability to use both autotrophic and organotrophic pathways, as well as function under low oxygen conditions by using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate and thiosulfate. Anaerobic processes are most abundant in subseafloor horizons deepest in the aquifer, furthest from connectivity with the deep ocean, and there was little overlap in the active microbial populations between sampling horizons. This work highlights the heterogeneity of microbial life in the subseafloor aquifer and provides new insights into biogeochemical cycling in ocean crust.
    Description: The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation sponsored most of the observatory components at North Pond through grant GBMF1609. This work was supported by NSF OCE-1062006, OCE-1745589 and OCE-1635208 to J.A.H. E.T.R. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute and a L’Oréal USA For Women in Science Fellowship. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI OCE-0939564) also supported the participation of J.A.H. and B.T. This is C-DEBI contribution number 548.
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    Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Coskun, O. K., Vuillemin, A., Schubotz, F., Klein, F., Sichel, S. E., Eisenreich, W., & Orsi, W. D. Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01066-x.
    Description: Thermodynamic models predict that H2 is energetically favorable for seafloor microbial life, but how H2 affects anabolic processes in seafloor-associated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used quantitative 13C DNA stable isotope probing (qSIP) to quantify the effect of H2 on carbon assimilation by microbial taxa synthesizing 13C-labeled DNA that are associated with partially serpentinized peridotite rocks from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The rock-hosted seafloor community was an order of magnitude more diverse compared to the seawater community directly above the rocks. With added H2, peridotite-associated taxa increased assimilation of 13C-bicarbonate and 13C-acetate into 16S rRNA genes of operational taxonomic units by 146% (±29%) and 55% (±34%), respectively, which correlated with enrichment of H2-oxidizing NiFe-hydrogenases encoded in peridotite-associated metagenomes. The effect of H2 on anabolism was phylogenetically organized, with taxa affiliated with Atribacteria, Nitrospira, and Thaumarchaeota exhibiting the most significant increases in 13C-substrate assimilation in the presence of H2. In SIP incubations with added H2, an order of magnitude higher number of peridotite rock-associated taxa assimilated 13C-bicarbonate, 13C-acetate, and 13C-formate compared to taxa that were not associated with peridotites. Collectively, these findings indicate that the unique geochemical nature of the peridotite-hosted ecosystem has selected for H2-metabolizing, rock-associated taxa that can increase anabolism under high H2 concentrations. Because ultramafic rocks are widespread in slow-, and ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere, continental margins, and subduction zones where H2 is formed in copious amounts, the link between H2 and carbon assimilation demonstrated here may be widespread within these geological settings.
    Description: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 364653263—TRR 235 to WDO and WE, and under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2077-390741603. The work was also supported by the Dalio Explore Fund and LMU Mentoring Program. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
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    Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Castro, S. P., Borton, M. A., Regan, K., de Angelis, I. H., Wrighton, K. C., Teske, A. P., Strous, M., & Ruff, S. E. Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01026-5.
    Description: Hydrothermal sediments contain large numbers of uncultured heterotrophic microbial lineages. Here, we amended Guaymas Basin sediments with proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids under different redox conditions and cultivated heterotrophic thermophiles with the genomic potential for macromolecule degradation. We reconstructed 20 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of uncultured lineages affiliating with known archaeal and bacterial phyla, including endospore-forming Bacilli and candidate phylum Marinisomatota. One Marinisomatota MAG had 35 different glycoside hydrolases often in multiple copies, seven extracellular CAZymes, six polysaccharide lyases, and multiple sugar transporters. This population has the potential to degrade a broad spectrum of polysaccharides including chitin, cellulose, pectin, alginate, chondroitin, and carrageenan. We also describe thermophiles affiliating with the genera Thermosyntropha, Thermovirga, and Kosmotoga with the capability to make a living on nucleic acids, lipids, or multiple macromolecule classes, respectively. Several populations seemed to lack extracellular enzyme machinery and thus likely scavenged oligo- or monomers (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Archaeoglobus) or metabolic products like hydrogen (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Thermodesulfobacterium or Desulforudaceae). The growth of methanogens or the production of methane was not observed in any condition, indicating that the tested macromolecules are not degraded into substrates for methanogenesis in hydrothermal sediments. We provide new insights into the niches, and genomes of microorganisms that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules under oxic, sulfate-reducing, and fermentative thermophilic conditions. These findings improve our understanding of the carbon flow across trophic levels and indicate how primary produced biomass sustains complex and productive ecosystems.
    Description: We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis AT37-06 as well as the crew of the human occupied vehicle Alvin for their tireless support. Sampling at Guaymas Basin was supported by NSF (OCE-1357238).
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    Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bayer, B., Saito, M. A., McIlvin, M. R., Lucker, S., Moran, D. M., Lankiewicz, T. S., Dupont, C. L., & Santoro, A. E. (2020). Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions. Isme Journal, doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00828-3.
    Description: The genus Nitrospira is the most widespread group of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and thrives in diverse natural and engineered ecosystems. Nitrospira marina Nb-295T was isolated from the ocean over 30 years ago; however, its genome has not yet been analyzed. Here, we investigated the metabolic potential of N. marina based on its complete genome sequence and performed physiological experiments to test genome-derived hypotheses. Our data confirm that N. marina benefits from additions of undefined organic carbon substrates, has adaptations to resist oxidative, osmotic, and UV light-induced stress and low dissolved pCO2, and requires exogenous vitamin B12. In addition, N. marina is able to grow chemoorganotrophically on formate, and is thus not an obligate chemolithoautotroph. We further investigated the proteomic response of N. marina to low (∼5.6 µM) O2 concentrations. The abundance of a potentially more efficient CO2-fixing pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) complex and a high-affinity cbb3-type terminal oxidase increased under O2 limitation, suggesting a role in sustaining nitrite oxidation-driven autotrophy. This putatively more O2-sensitive POR complex might be protected from oxidative damage by Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase, which also increased in abundance under low O2 conditions. Furthermore, the upregulation of proteins involved in alternative energy metabolisms, including Group 3b [NiFe] hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, indicate a high metabolic versatility to survive conditions unfavorable for aerobic nitrite oxidation. In summary, the genome and proteome of the first marine Nitrospira isolate identifies adaptations to life in the oxic ocean and provides insights into the metabolic diversity and niche differentiation of NOB in marine environments.
    Description: We thank John B. Waterbury and Frederica Valois for providing the culture of Nitrospira marina Nb-295T and for continued advice about cultivation. The N. marina genome was sequenced as part of US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Project 1337 to CLD, AES, and MAS in collaboration with the user community. We thank Claus Pelikan for bioinformatic assistance. This research was supported by a Simons Foundation Early Career Investigator in Marine Microbiology and Evolution Award (345889) and US National Science Foundation (NSF) award OCE-1924512 to AES. Proteomics analysis was supported by NSF awards OCE-1924554 and OCE-1850719, and NIH award R01GM135709 to MAS. BB was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project Number: J4426-B (“The influence of nitrifiers on the oceanic carbon cycle”), SL by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) grant 016.Vidi.189.050, and CLD by NSF award OCE-125999.
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    Resource partitioning of phytoplankton metabolites that support bacterial heterotrophy (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ferrer-González, F. X., Widner, B., Holderman, N. R., Glushka, J., Edison, A. S., Kujawinski, E. B., & Moran, M. A. Resource partitioning of phytoplankton metabolites that support bacterial heterotrophy. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00811-y.
    Description: The communities of bacteria that assemble around marine microphytoplankton are predictably dominated by Rhodobacterales, Flavobacteriales, and families within the Gammaproteobacteria. Yet whether this consistent ecological pattern reflects the result of resource-based niche partitioning or resource competition requires better knowledge of the metabolites linking microbial autotrophs and heterotrophs in the surface ocean. We characterized molecules targeted for uptake by three heterotrophic bacteria individually co-cultured with a marine diatom using two strategies that vetted the exometabolite pool for biological relevance by means of bacterial activity assays: expression of diagnostic genes and net drawdown of exometabolites, the latter detected with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance using novel sample preparation approaches. Of the more than 36 organic molecules with evidence of bacterial uptake, 53% contained nitrogen (including nucleosides and amino acids), 11% were organic sulfur compounds (including dihydroxypropanesulfonate and dimethysulfoniopropionate), and 28% were components of polysaccharides (including chrysolaminarin, chitin, and alginate). Overlap in phytoplankton-derived metabolite use by bacteria in the absence of competition was low, and only guanosine, proline, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine were predicted to be used by all three. Exometabolite uptake pattern points to a key role for ecological resource partitioning in the assembly marine bacterial communities transforming recent photosynthate.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (5503) and the National Science Foundation (IOS-1656311) to MAM, ASE, and EBK, and by the Simons Foundation grant 542391 to MAM within the Principles of Microbial Ecosystems (PriME) Collaborative.
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    Stable aerobic and anaerobic coexistence in anoxic marine zones (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zakem, E. J., Mahadevan, A., Lauderdale, J. M., & Follows, M. J. Stable aerobic and anaerobic coexistence in anoxic marine zones. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 288–301, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0523-8.
    Description: Mechanistic description of the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism is necessary for diagnostic and predictive modeling of fixed nitrogen loss in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). In a metabolic model where diverse oxygen- and nitrogen-cycling microbial metabolisms are described by underlying redox chemical reactions, we predict a transition from strictly aerobic to predominantly anaerobic regimes as the outcome of ecological interactions along an oxygen gradient, obviating the need for prescribed critical oxygen concentrations. Competing aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms can coexist in anoxic conditions whether these metabolisms represent obligate or facultative populations. In the coexistence regime, relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic activity are determined by the ratio of oxygen to electron donor supply. The model simulates key characteristics of AMZs, such as the accumulation of nitrite and the sustainability of anammox at higher oxygen concentrations than denitrification, and articulates how microbial biomass concentrations relate to associated water column transformation rates as a function of redox stoichiometry and energetics. Incorporating the metabolic model into an idealized two-dimensional ocean circulation results in a simulated AMZ, in which a secondary chlorophyll maximum emerges from oxygen-limited grazing, and where vertical mixing and dispersal in the oxycline also contribute to metabolic co-occurrence. The modeling approach is mechanistic yet computationally economical and suitable for global change applications.
    Description: We are grateful for the thorough and thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. We also thank Andrew Babbin for helpful comments. EJZ was supported by the Simons Foundation (Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marine Microbial Ecology). AM was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR #N000-14-15-1-2555). JML was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF #OCE-1259388). MJF was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF #3778) and the Simons Foundation: the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE #329108) and the Simons Collaboration on Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES #549931).
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    Comparative proteomics of related symbiotic mussel species reveals high variability of host-symbiont interactions (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ponnudurai, R., Heiden, S. E., Sayavedra, L., Hinzke, T., Kleiner, M., Hentschker, C., Felbeck, H., Sievert, S. M., Schlüter, R., Becher, D., Schweder, T., & Markert, S. Comparative proteomics of related symbiotic mussel species reveals high variability of host-symbiont interactions. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 649–656, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0517-6.
    Description: Deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels and their chemoautotrophic symbionts are well-studied representatives of mutualistic host–microbe associations. However, how host–symbiont interactions vary on the molecular level between related host and symbiont species remains unclear. Therefore, we compared the host and symbiont metaproteomes of Pacific B. thermophilus, hosting a thiotrophic symbiont, and Atlantic B. azoricus, containing two symbionts, a thiotroph and a methanotroph. We identified common strategies of metabolic support between hosts and symbionts, such as the oxidation of sulfide by the host, which provides a thiosulfate reservoir for the thiotrophic symbionts, and a cycling mechanism that could supply the host with symbiont-derived amino acids. However, expression levels of these processes differed substantially between both symbioses. Backed up by genomic comparisons, our results furthermore revealed an exceptionally large repertoire of attachment-related proteins in the B. thermophilus symbiont. These findings imply that host–microbe interactions can be quite variable, even between closely related systems.
    Description: Thanks to captain, crew, and pilots of the research vessels Atlantis (ROV Jason cruise AT26–10 in 2014) and Meteor (cruise M82–3 in 2010). We thank Jana Matulla, Sebastian Grund, and Annette Meuche for excellent technical assistance during sample preparation, MS measurements in the Orbitrap Classic, and TEM imaging preparation, respectively. We appreciate Nikolaus Leisch’s help with TEM image interpretation, Inna Sokolova’s advice on bivalve physiology, and Marie Zühlke’s support during manuscript revision. RP was supported by the EU-funded Marie Curie Initial Training Network ‘Symbiomics’ (project no. 264774) and by a fellowship of the Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. TH was supported by the German Research Foundation DFG (grant MA 6346/2–1 to SM). The Atlantis cruise was funded by a grant of the US National Science Foundation’s Dimensions of Biodiversity program to SMS (OCE-1136727).
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    Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Miller, C. A., Holm, H. C., Horstmann, L., George, J. C., Fredricks, H. F., Van Mooy, B. A. S., & Apprill, A. Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 688-701, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0549-y.
    Description: Whale digestion plays an integral role in many ocean ecosystems. By digesting enormous quantities of lipid-rich prey, whales support their energy intensive lifestyle, but also excrete nutrients important to ocean biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, whale digestion is poorly understood. Gastrointestinal microorganisms play a significant role in vertebrate digestion, but few studies have examined them in whales. To investigate digestion of lipids, and the potential contribution of microbes to lipid digestion in whales, we characterized lipid composition (lipidomes) and bacterial communities (microbiotas) in 126 digesta samples collected throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of 38 bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Alaskan Eskimos. Lipidomes and microbiotas were strongly correlated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Lipidomes and microbiotas were most variable in the small intestine and most similar in the large intestine, where microbiota richness was greatest. Our results suggest digestion of wax esters, the primary lipids in B. mysticetus prey representing more than 80% of total dietary lipids, occurred in the mid- to distal small intestine and was correlated with specific microorganisms. Because wax esters are difficult to digest by other marine vertebrates and constitute a large reservoir of carbon in the ocean, our results further elucidate the essential roles that whales and their gastrointestinal microbiotas play in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in high-latitude seas.
    Description: Devonshire Foundation (to CAM), Marine Mammal Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI; to CAM), WHOI Ocean Life Institute (to AA and CAM), Dalio Foundation’s Dalio Ocean Initiative (now ‘OceanX’) (to AA), National Science Foundation (OCE-1756254 and OPP-1543328 to BASVM). Samples were collected under Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service permit numbers 17350-00, 17350-01, and 17350-02 to North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management.
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    Potential virus-mediated nitrogen cycling in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gazitua, M. C., Vik, D. R., Roux, S., Gregory, A. C., Bolduc, B., Widner, B., Mulholland, M. R., Hallam, S. J., Ulloa, O., & Sullivan, M. B. Potential virus-mediated nitrogen cycling in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00825-6.
    Description: Viruses play an important role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems. Beyond mortality and gene transfer, viruses can reprogram microbial metabolism during infection by expressing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in photosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and nutrient cycling. While previous studies have focused on AMG diversity in the sunlit and dark ocean, less is known about the role of viruses in shaping metabolic networks along redox gradients associated with marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here, we analyzed relatively quantitative viral metagenomic datasets that profiled the oxygen gradient across Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ waters, assessing whether OMZ viruses might impact nitrogen (N) cycling via AMGs. Identified viral genomes encoded six N-cycle AMGs associated with denitrification, nitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and nitrite transport. The majority of these AMGs (80%) were identified in T4-like Myoviridae phages, predicted to infect Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, or in unclassified archaeal viruses predicted to infect Thaumarchaeota. Four AMGs were exclusive to anoxic waters and had distributions that paralleled homologous microbial genes. Together, these findings suggest viruses modulate N-cycling processes within the ETSP OMZ and may contribute to nitrogen loss throughout the global oceans thus providing a baseline for their inclusion in the ecosystem and geochemical models.
    Description: We thank Sullivan Lab members and Heather Maughan for comments on the paper, Bess Ward for her contribution in the N-cycle context of our story, Kurt Hanselmann for his assistance in the calculations of the Gibbs-free energies, and the scientific party and crew of the R/V Atlantis (grant OCE-1356056 to MRM) for the sampling opportunity and support at sea. This work was funded in part by awards from the Agouron Institute to OU and MBS, a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award (#3790) and NSF Biological Oceanography Awards (#1536989 and #1829831) to MBS, and the Millennium Science Initiative (grant ICN12_019-IMO) to OU. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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    Physiological dynamics of chemosynthetic symbionts in hydrothermal vent snails (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Breusing, C., Mitchell, J., Delaney, J., Sylva, S. P., Seewald, J. S., Girguis, P. R., & Beinart, R. A. Physiological dynamics of chemosynthetic symbionts in hydrothermal vent snails. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-0707-2.
    Description: Symbioses between invertebrate animals and chemosynthetic bacteria form the basis of hydrothermal vent ecosystems worldwide. In the Lau Basin, deep-sea vent snails of the genus Alviniconcha associate with either Gammaproteobacteria (A. kojimai, A. strummeri) or Campylobacteria (A. boucheti) that use sulfide and/or hydrogen as energy sources. While the A. boucheti host–symbiont combination (holobiont) dominates at vents with higher concentrations of sulfide and hydrogen, the A. kojimai and A. strummeri holobionts are more abundant at sites with lower concentrations of these reductants. We posit that adaptive differences in symbiont physiology and gene regulation might influence the observed niche partitioning between host taxa. To test this hypothesis, we used high-pressure respirometers to measure symbiont metabolic rates and examine changes in gene expression among holobionts exposed to in situ concentrations of hydrogen (H2: ~25 µM) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S: ~120 µM). The campylobacterial symbiont exhibited the lowest rate of H2S oxidation but the highest rate of H2 oxidation, with fewer transcriptional changes and less carbon fixation relative to the gammaproteobacterial symbionts under each experimental condition. These data reveal potential physiological adaptations among symbiont types, which may account for the observed net differences in metabolic activity and contribute to the observed niche segregation among holobionts.
    Description: We thank the Schmidt Ocean Institute, the crew of the R/V Falkor and the pilots of the ROV ROPOS for facilitating the sample collections and shipboard experiments, and the Broad Institute Microbial ‘Omics Core for preparing and sequencing the transcriptomic libraries. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers NSF OCE-1536653 (to PRG), OCE-1536331 (to RAB and JSS), OCE-1819530 and OCE-1736932 (to RAB).
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    Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Mara, P., Vik, D., Pachiadaki, M. G., Suter, E. A., Poulos, B., Taylor, G. T., Sullivan, M. B., & Edgcomb, V. P. Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00739-3.
    Description: Little is known about viruses in oxygen-deficient water columns (ODWCs). In surface ocean waters, viruses are known to act as gene vectors among susceptible hosts. Some of these genes may have metabolic functions and are thus termed auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). AMGs introduced to new hosts by viruses can enhance viral replication and/or potentially affect biogeochemical cycles by modulating key microbial pathways. Here we identify 748 viral populations that cluster into 94 genera along a vertical geochemical gradient in the Cariaco Basin, a permanently stratified and euxinic ocean basin. The viral communities in this ODWC appear to be relatively novel as 80 of these viral genera contained no reference viral sequences, likely due to the isolation and unique features of this system. We identify viral elements that encode AMGs implicated in distinctive processes, such as sulfur cycling, acetate fermentation, signal transduction, [Fe–S] formation, and N-glycosylation. These AMG-encoding viruses include two putative Mu-like viruses, and viral-like regions that may constitute degraded prophages that have been modified by transposable elements. Our results provide an insight into the ecological and biogeochemical impact of viruses oxygen-depleted and euxinic habitats.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-1336082 to VPE, OCE-1335436 to GTT, OCE-1536989, a Moore Foundation Award (#3790) to MBS, and WHOI subaward A101259 to MP. The sequencing conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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    Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay-marsh complex (2020)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Springer Nature , 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Springer Nature for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nowacki, D. J., & Ganju, N. K. Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay-marsh complex. Estuaries and Coasts, (2020), doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5.
    Description: Bay–marsh systems, composed of an embayment surrounded by fringing marsh incised by tidal channels, are widely distributed coastal environments. External sediment availability, marsh-edge erosion, and sea-level rise acting on such bay–marsh complexes may drive diverse sediment-flux regimes. These factors reinforce the ephemeral and dynamic nature of fringing marshes: material released by marsh-edge erosion becomes part of a bay–marsh exchange that fuels the geomorphic evolution of the coupled system. The dynamics of this sediment exchange determine the balance among seaward export, deposition on the embayment seabed, flux into tidal channels, and import to the marsh platform. In this work, we investigate the sediment dynamics of a transgressive bay–marsh complex and link them to larger-scale considerations of its geomorphic trajectory. Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi, is a shallow microtidal embayment surrounded by salt marshes with lateral erosion rates of up to 5 m year−1. We collected 6 months of oceanographic data at four moorings within Grand Bay and its tidal channels to assess hydrographic conditions and net sediment-flux patterns and augmented the observations with numerical modeling. The observations imply a divergent sedimentary system in which a majority of the suspended sediment is exported seaward, while a smaller fraction is imported landward via tidal channels, assisting in vertical marsh-plain accumulation, maintenance of channel and intertidal-flat morphologies, and landward transgression. These results describe a dynamic system that is responsive to episodic atmospheric forcing in the absence of a strong tidal signal and the presence of severe lateral marsh loss.
    Description: We thank the staff of the Grand Bay NERR for their role in facilitating fieldwork within Grand Bay. Jonathan Pitchford, also of the Grand Bay NERR, provided the SET data. Giulio Mariotti and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged for their helpful comments.
    Keywords: Salt marsh ; Geomorphic trajectory ; Sediment flux
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  • 45
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    Mikrobiologisch-ökologische Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Flüssen Schleswig-Holsteins - Zusammenstellung der Daten (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    Spurenmetall-Untersuchungen in den Förden der Kieler Bucht - Datenbericht von 1977/78 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 66, 38 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    Minéralogie, composition chimique et milieux de sédimentation de concrétions polymétalliques (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    eep-sea sediments and manganese nodules from the Southern Tasman Sea (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Karte: Nördliches Bockkar Kees 1979 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 50
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    Kupfer-Verhüttung auf Helgoland zur Wikinger-Zeit (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Umschau, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 12, pp. 390-39
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 51
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    Distribution of benthic abyssal gastropods in the Iberian Deep-Sea Basin (Table 2) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fechter, Rosina (1979): Gastropoden aus der Iberischen Tiefsee. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe D Biologie, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, D30, 23-40
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: During the cruises 3 and 15 of R.V. "Meteor", representatives of 7 families of benthic abyssal gastropods were collected. The prevalent group was the Turridae; the Naticidae are represented by 2 species, the remaining families by a single species each. A survey of the frequency and distribution of the species within the study area is given. A systematic part deals with the individual species in detail, including notes on taxonomy, material and distribution. Concerning the composition of the abyssal gastropod fauna of the present material, Neogastropoda are 4 times as many as Archaeogastropoda and 6 times as many as Mesogastropoda and Opisthobranchia. 89 % of all specimens are Neogastropoda. Usually deep-sea organisms have a non-pelagic development, but many of the Iberian deep-sea Turrids have a planktotrophic protoconch, that means a long pelagic larval period. Among the 19 species, 2 are cosmopolitan, 9 show a transatlantic distribution and 8 are confined to East-Atlantic basins.
    Keywords: Agassiz Trawl; AGT; Belomitra quadrunplex; Benthomangelia sp.; Cocculina aff. C. pusilla; Cyclostrema richardi; Cylichnium oliviformis; DEPTH, water; Event label; Gymnobela engonia; Iberian deep sea; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M15; M15_024; M15_025; M3; M3/1_024; M3/1_030; M3/1_037; M3/1_038; Meteor (1964); Neverita cf. nana; Number of species; Phymorhynchus alberti; Pleurotomella (Theta) bathyiberica; Pleurotomella (Theta) lyronuclea; Pleurotomella bruneri; Pleurotomella catherinae; Pleurotomella packardi; Pleurotomella phyxanor; Pleurotomella sandersoni; Pleurotomella tincta; Polinices (Euspira) aff. P. agujanus; Seguenzia elegans; Shannon Diversity Index; Turbonilla sp.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 126 data points
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  • 52
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    Major and trace element content of the 17 lithostratigraphic units recovered during DSDP Leg 49 (Table 1) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wood, D A; Tarney, J; Varet, J; Saunders, Andrew D; Bougault, Henri; Joron, Jean Louis; Treuil, M; Cann, Joe R (1979): Geochemistry of basalts drilled in the North Atlantic by IPOD Leg 49: implications for mantel heterogeneity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 42(1), 77-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90192-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: IPOD Leg 49 recovered basalts from 9 holes at 7 sites along 3 transects across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: 63°N (Reykjanes), 45°N and 36°N (FAMOUS area). This has provided further information on the nature of mantle heterogeneity in the North Atlantic by enabling studies to be made of the variation of basalt composition with depth and with time near critical areas (Iceland and the Azores) where deep mantle plumes are thought to exist. Over 150 samples have been analysed for up to 40 major and trace elements and the results used to place constraints on the petrogenesis of the erupted basalts and hence on the geochemical nature of their source regions. It is apparent that few of the recovered basalts have the geochemical characteristics of typical "depleted" midocean ridge basalts (MORB). An unusually wide range of basalt compositions may be erupted at a single site: the range of rare earth patterns within the short section cored at Site 413, for instance, encompasses the total variation of REE patterns previously reported from the FAMOUS area. Nevertheless it is possible to account for most of the compositional variation at a single site by partial melting processes (including dynamic melting) and fractional crystallization. Partial melting mechanisms seem to be the dominant processes relating basalt compositions, particularly at 36°N and 45°N, suggesting that long-lived sub-axial magma chambers may not be a consistent feature of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparisons of basalts erupted at the same ridge segment for periods of the order of 35 m.y. (now lying along the same mantle flow line) do show some significant inter-site differences in Rb/Sr, Ce/Yb, 87Sr/86Sr, etc., which cannot be accounted for by fractionation mechanisms and which must reflect heterogeneities in the mantle source. However when hygromagmatophile (HYG) trace element levels and ratios are considered, it is the constancy or consistency of these HYG ratios which is the more remarkable, implying that the mantle source feeding a particular ridge segment was uniform with respect to these elements for periods of the order of 35 m.y. and probably since the opening of the Atlantic. Yet these HYG element ratios at 63°N are very different from those at 45°N and 36°N and significantly different from the values at 22°N and in "MORB". The observed variations are difficult to reconcile with current concepts of mantle plumes and binary mixing models. The mantle is certainly heterogeneous, but there is not simply an "enriched" and a "depleted" source, but rather a range of sources heterogeneous on different scales for different elements - to an extent and volume depending on previous depletion/enrichment events. HYG element ratios offer the best method of defining compositionally different mantle segments since they are little modified by the fractionation processes associated with basalt generation.
    Keywords: 49-407; 49-408; 49-409; 49-410; 49-410A; 49-411; 49-412A; 49-413; Aluminium oxide; Caesium; Calcium oxide; Carbon dioxide; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Europium; Event label; Gadolinium; Glomar Challenger; Hafnium; Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) (Reimann et al., 1998); Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Leg49; Longitude of event; Lutetium; Magnesium number; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Neodymium; Nickel; Niobium; North Atlantic/BASIN; North Atlantic/FRACTURE ZONE; North Atlantic/RIDGE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rubidium; Samarium; Sample code/label; Sample code/label 2; Scandium; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Tantalum; Terbium; Thorium; Thulium; Titanium dioxide; Uranium; Vanadium; Water in rock; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Ytterbium; Yttrium; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 722 data points
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  • 53
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    Occurrence of nannoplankton observed in Early Pliocene samples from Zanclean stratotype of Capo Rossello, Sicily (Table I) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ellis, C Howard; Lohman, William H (1979): Neogene calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy in eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments (DSDP Leg 42A, Sites 375 and 376). Marine Micropaleontology, 4, 61-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(79)90006-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy has been worked out in the eastern Mediterranean utilizing deep-sea sediments recovered from DSDP Leg 42A Sites 375 and 376. These two drill sites were located approximately 55 km west of Cyprus on the Florence Rise. Sediments, ranging in age from early Miocene (Helicosphaera ampliaperta Zone) through Holocene, contain sufficient age-diagnostic species to recognize essentially all of the lowlatitude nannoplankton zones described by Bukry, although regional, secondary marker species are needed to define some zonal boundaries. Reworked Cretaceous and Paleogene nannoplankton occur throughout the stratigraphic interval studied, but not in quantities large enough to mask indigenous species. Sedimentation rates at Sites 375 and 376 were highest in the late Miocene and late Pleistocene. Open-marine, warm-water species of discoasters are present in significant numbers throughout the Miocene and Pliocene. Earliest Pliocene assemblages contain numerous specimens of ceratoliths. Nannoplankton in post-Messinian sediments at the drill sites and the Zanclean stratotype at Capo Rossello, Sicily, indicate that the base of the Amaurolithus tricorniculatus Zone (base of Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Subzone) corresponds with the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.
    Keywords: Amaurolithus amplificus; Amaurolithus delicatus; Amaurolithus primus; Amaurolithus tricorniculatus; Angulolithina arca; Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis; Braarudosphaera bigelowii; Broinsonia parca; Capo_Rossello; Ceratolithus acutus; Ceratolithus rugosus; Chiasmolithus grandis; Chiasmolithus sp.; Coccolithus miopelagicus; Coccolithus pelagicus; Coronocyclus nitescens; Cretarhabdus crenulatus; Cribrosphaera ehrenbergii; Cyclicargolithus abisectus; Cyclicargolithus floridanus; Cyclococcolithus leptoporus; Cyclococcolithus macintyrei; Dictyococcites bisectus; Discoaster asymmetricus; Discoaster barbadiensis; Discoaster bellus; Discoaster binodosus; Discoaster bollii; Discoaster braarudii; Discoaster brouweri; Discoaster challengerii; Discoaster deflandrei; Discoaster divaricatus; Discoaster druggii; Discoaster intercalaris; Discoaster lautus; Discoaster lodoensis; Discoaster loeblichii; Discoaster multiradiatus; Discoaster obtusus; Discoaster pentaradiatus; Discoaster quinqueramus; Discoaster sp.; Discoaster sp. cf. D. quinquenamus; Discoaster stellulus; Discoaster surculus; Discoaster variabilis; Discolithina japonica; Discolithina multipora; Discolithina sp.; Eiffellithus eximius; Eiffellithus turriseiffelii; Gartnerago obliquum; Helicosphaera ampliaperta; Helicosphaera carteri; Helicosphaera euphratis; Helicosphaera intermedia; Helicosphaera sellii; Isthmolithus recurvus; Italy; Lithostromation perdurum; Micrantholithus entaster; Micrantholithus sp.; Microrhabdulus decoratus; Micula staurophora; Nannofossil zone; ORDINAL NUMBER; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Parhabdolithus embergeri; Prediscosphaera cretacea; Reticulofenestra hillae; Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus; Reticulofenestra umbilicus; Rhabdosphaera procera; Rhabdosphaera sp.; Scapholithus fossilis; Scyphosphaera apsteinii; Scyphosphaera globulata; Scyphosphaera intermedia; Scyphosphaera pulcherrima; Scyphosphaera sp.; Sphenolithus abies; Sphenolithus distentus; Sphenolithus heteromorphus; Sphenolithus moriformis; Sphenolithus neoabies; Sphenolithus predistentus; Sphenolithus radians; Tetralithus aculeus; Tetralithus nitidus; Tetralithus trifidus; Thoracosphaera sp.; Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus; Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus; Triquetrorhabdulus sp.; Umbilicosphaera cricota; Vagalapilla octoradiata; Watznaueria barnesae; Watznaueria gronosa; Zygodiscus deflandrei; Zygodiscus sp.; Zygrhablithus bijugatus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2254 data points
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  • 54
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    (Enclosure 1, Fig. 2) Macroremains from sediment core Samerberg 1 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Abies, needles; Age, comment; Ajuga; Alchemilla; Alnus sp., fruits; Apiaceae indeterminata; Arabis alpina/jacquini; Arenaria cf. ciliata; Armeria calyx; Betula cf. nana, fruits; Betula humilis, fruits; Betula humilis, fruit scales; Betula pubescens, fruits; Betula pubescens, fruit scales; Betula sp., fruits; Betula sp., fruit scales; Carex cf. elongatum utriculi; Carum carvi; Caryophyllaceae, seeds; Caryophyllaceae capsule; cf. Heracleum; cf. Potentilla; Cirsium arvense; Cirsium cf. arvense; Cladium; Comment; Compositae indeterminata; Coniferae, buds; Coniferae, bud scales; Coniferae, cone scales; Coniferae, seeds; Coniferae, seed wings; Counting, palynology; Cyperaceae biconvex, nuts; Cyperaceae trigonous, nuts; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Eupatorium cannabinum; Gypsophila cf. repens; Heracleum; Juniperus, needles; Labiatae indeterminata; Larix, needles; Linum alpinum; Najas flexilis; Najas marina; Picea, anthers; Picea, needles; Picea, seed wings; Picris cf. hieracioides; Picris hieracioides; Pinus, needles; Pinus, spur shoots; Poaceae; Pollen zone; Polygonum; Potamogeton alpinus; Potamogeton cf. alpinus; Potamogeton cf. natans; Potamogeton sp.; Potentilla; Quercus, bud scales; Ranunculus cf. montanus; Ranunculus sp.; Rubus; Rumex; Rumex perianth; Salix, bud scales; Sambucus; Samerberg, Bavaria, Germany; Samerberg1; Scabiosa; Silene cucubalus; Stachys cf. silvatica; Taraxacum; Thalictrum alpinum; Thalictrum minus; Viola; Wood remains; Zannichellia
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9416 data points
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  • 55
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    (Enclosure 1, Fig. 2) Macroremains from exposure Fluderbach I, Samerberg (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Abies, cone scales; Abies, needles; Abies, seeds; Abies, seed wings; Alnus glutinosa, fruits; Alnus sp., cones; Alnus sp., fruits; Betula cf. humilis, fruits; Betula sp., fruits; Betula sp., fruit scales; Carex cf. elongatum utriculi; Carpinus; cf. Heracleum; Cladium; Comment; Compositae indeterminata; Coniferae, buds; Coniferae, bud scales; Coniferae, cone scales; Coniferae, seeds; Coniferae, seed wings; Counting, palynology; Cyperaceae trigonous, nuts; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; Eupatorium cannabinum; Fluderbach_I; HAND; Ilex; Larix, needles; Picea, anthers; Picea, needles; Picea, seed wings; Picea omorica, needles; Pinus, needles; Pinus, spur shoots; Pollen zone; Populus tremula, bud scales; Quercus, bud scales; Rubus; Rumex; Salix, bud scales; Samerberg, Bavaria, Germany; Sampling by hand; SECTION, height; Taxus; Taxus, needles; Tilia platyphyllos; Wood remains
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1505 data points
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  • 56
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    (Enclosure 1, Fig. 2) Macroremains of the samples represented by the composite macroremains diagram from site Samerberg (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Abies, cone scales; Abies, needles; Abies, seeds; Abies, seed wings; Age, comment; Ajuga; Alchemilla; Alnus glutinosa, fruits; Alnus sp., cones; Alnus sp., fruits; Apiaceae indeterminata; Arabis alpina/jacquini; Arenaria cf. ciliata; Armeria calyx; Betula cf. humilis, fruits; Betula cf. nana, fruits; Betula humilis, fruits; Betula humilis, fruit scales; Betula pubescens, fruits; Betula sp., fruits; Betula sp., fruit scales; Carex cf. elongatum utriculi; Carpinus; Carum carvi; Caryophyllaceae, seeds; Caryophyllaceae capsule; cf. Heracleum; cf. Potentilla; Cirsium arvense; Cirsium cf. arvense; Cladium; COMPCORE; Compositae indeterminata; Composite Core; Coniferae, buds; Coniferae, bud scales; Coniferae, cone scales; Coniferae, seeds; Coniferae, seed wings; Counting, palynology; Cyperaceae biconvex, nuts; Cyperaceae trigonous, nuts; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, composite; Depth, top/min; Eupatorium cannabinum; Gypsophila cf. repens; Heracleum; Ilex; Juniperus, needles; Labiatae indeterminata; Larix, needles; Linum alpinum; Najas flexilis; Najas marina; Picea, anthers; Picea, needles; Picea, seed wings; Picea omorica, needles; Picris cf. hieracioides; Picris hieracioides; Pinus, needles; Pinus, spur shoots; Poaceae; Pollen zone; Polygonum; Populus tremula, bud scales; Potamogeton alpinus; Potamogeton cf. alpinus; Potamogeton sp.; Potentilla; Quercus, bud scales; Ranunculus cf. montanus; Ranunculus sp.; Rubus; Rumex; Rumex perianth; Salix, bud scales; Sambucus; Samerberg; Samerberg, Bavaria, Germany; Sample comment; Scabiosa; Silene cucubalus; Stachys cf. silvatica; Taraxacum; Taxus; Taxus, needles; Thalictrum alpinum; Thalictrum minus; Tilia platyphyllos; Viola; Wood remains; Zannichellia
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12330 data points
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  • 57
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    (Table 3B) Paleocene distribution of calcareous nannofossils at DSDP Hole 43-384 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 43-384; Biantholithus sparsus; Biscutum aff. dimorphosum; Biscutum tenuiculum; Braarudosphaera bigelowii; Braarudosphaera discula; Braarudosphaera imbricata; Bramletteius sp.; Campylosphaera eodela; Chiasmolithus bidens; Chiasmolithus californicus; Chiasmolithus consuetus; Chiasmolithus danicus; Chiasmolithus sp.; Coccolithus eopelagicus; Coccolithus pelagicus; Crepidolithus spp.; Cruciplacolithus primus; Cruciplacolithus subrotundus; Cruciplacolithus tenuis; Cyclolithella robusta; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Discoaster lenticularis; Discoaster mohleri; Discoaster multiradiatus; Discoaster nobilis; Discoaster sp.; Discolithina plana; Discolithina rimosa; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Ellipsolithus distichus; Ellipsolithus macellus; Epoch; Ericsonia subpertusa; Etching index; Fasciculithus aff. richardii; Fasciculithus alanii; Fasciculithus clinatus; Fasciculithus hayi; Fasciculithus pileatus; Fasciculithus sp.; Fasciculithus tympaniformis; Fasciculithus ulii; Glomar Challenger; Goniolithus fluckigeri; Heliolithus cantabriae; Heliolithus conicus; Heliolithus kleinpellii; Heliolithus riedelii; Leg43; Markalius astroporus; Markalius sp.; Nannofossil abundance; Nannofossils preservation; Nannofossil zone; Neochiastozygus concinnus; Neochiastozygus imbriei; Neochiastozygus junctus; North Atlantic/RIDGE; Overgrowth index; Prinsius bisulcus; Reworked; Sample code/label; Sphenolithus anarrhopus; Sphenolithus moriformis; Thoracosphaera deflandrei; Thoracosphaera operculata; Thoracosphaera saxea; Toweius craticulus; Toweius eminens; Toweius tovae; Zygodiscus plectopons; Zygodiscus sigmoides; Zygodiscus simplex
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5286 data points
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  • 58
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    (Table 3C) Distribution of Mesozoic nannoliths at DSDP Hole 43-384 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 43-384; Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis; Biscutum constans; Braarudosphaera spp.; Broinsonia enormis; Broinsonia parca; Broinsonia signata; Chiasmolithus danicus; Chiastozygus litterarius; Corollithion exiguum; Crepidolithus spp.; Cretarhabdus conicus; Cretarhabdus coronadventis; Cretarhabdus surirellus; Cribrosphaera ehrenbergii; Cyclagelosphaera margerelii; Cylindralithus spp.; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Discorhabdus rotatorius; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eiffellithus trabeculatus; Eiffellithus turriseiffelii; Epoch; Etching index; Gartnerago obliquum; Glomar Challenger; Kamptnerius magnificus; Leg43; Lithastrinus floralis; Lithraphidites carniolensis; Lithraphidites helicoideus; Lithraphidites quadratus; Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii; Manivitella pemmatoidea; Markalius astroporus; Marthasterites furcatus; Microrhabdulus decoratus; Micula mura; Micula staurophora; Nannofossil abundance; Nannofossils preservation; Nephrolithus frequens; North Atlantic/RIDGE; Octopodorhabdus decussatus; Overgrowth index; Parhabdolithus angustus; Parhabdolithus embergeri; Parhabdolithus splendens; Podorhabdus decorus; Prediscosphaera cretacea; Prediscosphaera spinosa; Pseudoemiliania regularis; Reinhardtites anthophorus; Sample code/label; Staurolithites laffittei; Tegumentum stradneri; Tetracolporopollenites obscurus; Tetralithus aculeus; Thoracosphaera spp.; Tranolithus gabalus; Tranolithus orionatus; Vagalapilla aachena; Vagalapilla compacta; Vagalapilla matalosa; Vagalapilla octoradiata; Vekshinella stradneri; Watznaueria barnesae; Watznaueria communis; Zeugrhabdotus diplogrammus; Zeugrhabdotus elegans; Zygodiscus sigmoides; Zygodiscus spiralis
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2442 data points
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  • 59
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    (Table 4) Distribution of Mesozoic nannoliths at DSDP Hole 43-385 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 43-385; Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis; Biscutum constans; Broinsonia enormis; Chiastozygus litterarius; Cretarhabdus conicus; Cretarhabdus surirellus; Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii; Cyclagelosphaera margerelii; Cylindralithus spp.; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Discorhabdus rotatorius; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eiffellithus turriseiffelii; Epoch; Etching index; Glomar Challenger; Leg43; Lithraphidites carniolensis; Lithraphidites quadratus; Manivitella pemmatoidea; Microrhabdulus decoratus; Micula mura; Micula staurophora; Nannofossil abundance; Nannofossils preservation; North Atlantic/SEAMOUNT; Overgrowth index; Parhabdolithus splendens; Prediscosphaera cretacea; Prediscosphaera spinosa; Pseudoemiliania regularis; Sample code/label; Staurolithites laffittei; Tetralithus aculeus; Tetralithus trifidus; Vekshinella stradneri; Watznaueria barnesae; Zeugrhabdotus diplogrammus; Zygodiscus spiralis
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 272 data points
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  • 60
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    (Supplement) Chemical composition of bottom sediments at the Transpacific profile (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Aluminium; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Arsenic; Calcium carbonate; Calculated from skeletal dry weight; Carbon, organic, total; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DM9; DM9-611; DM9-612; DM9-613; DM9-615; DM9-625; DM9-626; DM9-627; DM9-628; DM9-629; DM9-641; DM9-643; DM9-645; DM9-647; DM9-649; DM9-651; DM9-653; DM9-655; DM9-668; DM9-669; DM9-670; DM9-671; DM9-672; DM9-673; DM9-674; DM9-675; DM9-677; DM9-678; DM9-685; DM9-686; Dmitry Mendeleev; Elevation of event; Event label; Gallium; GC; Germanium; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Iron; Latitude of event; Lead; Longitude of event; Manganese; Molybdenum; MULT; Multiple investigations; Nickel; Niobium; Northeast Pacific; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; Opal, biogenic silica; PC; Phosphorus; Piston corer; Quantitative emission spectral analysis; Selenium; Sulfur, total; Tantalum; Titanium; Vanadium; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); VITYAZ6158-GC; VITYAZ6159-GC; VITYAZ6160-PC; VITYAZ6161-PC; VITYAZ6162-GC; VITYAZ6163-GC; VITYAZ6164-GC; VITYAZ6165-GR-2; VITYAZ6166-GC; VITYAZ6167-GC; VITYAZ6168-GC; VITYAZ6169-GC; VITYAZ6171-GC; VITYAZ6172-GC; VITYAZ6173-GC; VITYAZ6174-PC; VITYAZ6175-GC; VITYAZ6176-GC; Water in rock; Wet chemistry; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10509 data points
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  • 61
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    (Table 4) Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of foraminifera from DSDP Leg 10 (1979)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 10-86; 10-94; 10-95; Acarinina collactea, δ13C; Acarinina collactea, δ18O; Acarinina mckannai, δ13C; Acarinina mckannai, δ18O; Acarinina nitida, δ13C; Acarinina nitida, δ18O; Chiloguembelina midwayensis, δ13C; Chiloguembelina midwayensis, δ18O; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Foraminifera, benthic δ13C; Foraminifera, benthic δ18O; Gavelinella spp., δ13C; Gavelinella spp., δ18O; Glomar Challenger; Gulf of Mexico/BENCH; Gulf of Mexico/SCARP; Leg10; Morozovella subbotinae, δ13C; Morozovella subbotinae, δ18O; Morozovella uncinata, δ13C; Morozovella uncinata, δ18O; Morozovella velascoensis, δ13C; Morozovella velascoensis, δ18O; Nuttallides spp., δ13C; Nuttallides spp., δ18O; Planktic foraminifera zone; Planorotalites compressus, δ13C; Planorotalites compressus, δ18O; Planorotalites pseudomenardii, δ13C; Planorotalites pseudomenardii, δ18O; Robulus spp., δ13C; Robulus spp., δ18O; Sample code/label; Subbotina trilocularis, δ13C; Subbotina trilocularis, δ18O; Subbotina triloculinoides, δ13C; Subbotina triloculinoides, δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 58 data points
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  • 62
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    (Table 4) Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of foraminifera from DSDP Leg 39 (1979)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 39-356; 39-357; Acarinina spp., δ13C; Acarinina spp., δ18O; Chiloguembelina midwayensis, δ13C; Chiloguembelina midwayensis, δ18O; Cibicides spp., δ13C; Cibicides spp., δ18O; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Foraminifera, benthic δ13C; Foraminifera, benthic δ18O; Gavelinella spp., δ13C; Gavelinella spp., δ18O; Globoconusa daubjergensis, δ13C; Globoconusa daubjergensis, δ18O; Glomar Challenger; Guembelitria cretacea, δ13C; Guembelitria cretacea, δ18O; Lagena spp., δ13C; Lagena spp., δ18O; Leg39; Morozovella aff. trinidadensis, δ13C; Morozovella aff. trinidadensis, δ18O; Morozovella angulata, δ13C; Morozovella angulata, δ18O; Morozovella conicotruncata, δ18O; Morozovella inconstans, δ13C; Morozovella inconstans, δ18O; Morozovella trinidadensis, δ13C; Morozovella trinidadensis, δ18O; Morozovella uncinata, δ13C; Morozovella uncinata, δ18O; Morozovella velascoensis, δ18O; Nuttallides spp., δ13C; Nuttallides spp., δ18O; Planktic foraminifera zone; Planorotalites compressus, δ13C; Planorotalites compressus, δ18O; Planorotalites eugubinus, δ13C; Planorotalites eugubinus, δ18O; Pulleniatina spp., δ13C; Pulleniatina spp., δ18O; Robulus spp., δ13C; Robulus spp., δ18O; Sample code/label; South Atlantic/CONT RISE; South Atlantic/PLATEAU; Subbotina fringa, δ13C; Subbotina fringa, δ18O; Subbotina pseudobulloides, δ13C; Subbotina pseudobulloides, δ18O; Subbotina triloculinoides, δ13C; Subbotina triloculinoides, δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 179 data points
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  • 63
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    (Table 5) Vertical distribution of biomass of Euphausiacea, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, and Ostracoda in the Sea of Japan at Station VITYAZ7519 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; North Pacific; PLA; Plankton net; Sample comment; Thysanoessa longipes, biomass; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); VITYAZ7519
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 240 data points
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  • 64
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    Unknown
    (Table 1) Heavy mineral content in sediments of the southern Mediterranean Ridge, Nile Cone and Egyptian Shelf (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stanley, Daniel Jean; Sheng, Harrison; Kholief, Mahmoud M (1979): Sand on the southern Mediterranean Ridge: proximal basement and distal African-Nile provenance. Nature, 279(5714), 594-598, https://doi.org/10.1038/279594a0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Petrographic analysis of Quaternary terrigenous sand layers in eastern Mediterranean cores reveals distinct mineralogical differences between the Egyptian Shelf–Nile Cone region and the southern part of the Mediterranean Ridge. A compositionally and texturally immature suite in Ridge cores, mixed with a Nile-derived assemblage, identifies a fresh non-recycled mineral component derived from proximal igneous and metamorphic surface or near-surface exposures, probably in the south–central Ridge area rather than from distal African sources. The presence of such basement terrains would be consistent with a compressive thrust-belt origin for this part of the Mediterranean Ridge.
    Keywords: 13-130; 13-131; Amphibole; Apatite; Area/locality; CHN119-11; Clinopyroxene; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Epidote; Event label; Garnet; GC; Glomar Challenger; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Heavy minerals; Heavy minerals, opaque; Heavy minerals, sum; Leg13; Mediterranean Sea; Mediterranean Sea/CONE; Mediterranean Sea/RIDGE; Orthopyroxene; P6508-42; P6508-45; P6510-10; P6510-5; P6510-6; P6510-8; P6510-P14; P6510-P17; P6510-P4; PC; Piston corer; Sample code/label; Sphene; V10; V10-53; Vema; Zircon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 533 data points
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  • 65
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    (Table 5) Heavy mineral composition of 0.05-0.01 mm grain size fraction from sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks drilled in DSDP Legs 43 and 44 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 43-382; 43-383; 43-384; 43-385; 43-386; 43-387; 44-388A; 44-390; 44-391A; Anatase; Apatite; Barite; Biotite; Calculated; Chlorite; Clinopyroxene; Counting, Stereo Microscope; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Disthene; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Epidote; Event label; Formation; Garnet; Glomar Challenger; Hornblende; Iron hydroxides; Latitude of event; Leg43; Leg44; Leucoxene; Longitude of event; Magnetite; Minerals; Minerals, other; Monazite; North Atlantic; North Atlantic/BASIN; North Atlantic/CONT RISE; North Atlantic/RIDGE; North Atlantic/SEAMOUNT; Orthopyroxene; Palagonite; Pyrite, FeS2; Rutile; Sample code/label; Siderite; Sillimanite; Sphene; Spinel; Staurolite; Sum; Tourmaline; Tremolite/Actinolite; Zircon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2604 data points
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  • 66
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    (Table 2) Chemical composition of fine grain size fractions of samples from the red bed layer in DSDP Hole 38-336 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: 38-336; Aluminium oxide; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Calcium oxide; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg38; Loss of ignition analysis; Loss on ignition; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Atlantic/Norwegian Sea; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon dioxide; Size fraction; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water in rock; Wet chemistry
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 74 data points
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  • 67
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    (Table 17) Chemical composition of phillipsites from pelagic sediments of the Transpacific profile (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Barium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DM9; DM9-612; DM9-643; Dmitry Mendeleev; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Northeast Pacific; Northwest Pacific; OKEAN; Okean Grab; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Silicon dioxide; Size fraction; Sodium oxide; Sum; Titanium dioxide; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); Vityaz-29; VITYAZ4362-GR-2; VITYAZ6176-GC; Water in rock; Wet chemistry
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 80 data points
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  • 68
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    (Tabble 54) Rare earth element contents in different size fractions of pelagic red clays from Core VITYAZ6176GC (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Cerium; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Dysprosium; Erbium; Gadolinium; GC; Gravity corer; Holmium; Lanthanum; Neodymium; Northwest Pacific; Praseodymium; Samarium; Size fraction; Terbium; Thulium; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); VITYAZ6176-GC; Wet chemistry; Ytterbium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 88 data points
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  • 69
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    (Table 2) Chemical composition of altered basalt, altered basalt breccia, and clay fractions from them (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: 38-337; 38-345; Aluminium oxide; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Latitude of event; Leg38; Longitude of event; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Atlantic/Norwegian Sea/BASIN; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Sample type; Silicon dioxide; Size fraction; Sodium oxide; Sulfur, total; Sum; Titanium dioxide; Water in rock; Wet chemistry
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 82 data points
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  • 70
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    Heavy metal contents in Fe-Mn nodules and crusts from R/V Vityaz polygons and stations in the East Indian Ocean (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Skornyakova, Nadezhda S; Bezrukov, Panteleimon L; Bazilevskaya, Elena S; Gordeev, Viacheslav V (1979): Fe-Mn nodules from the western Indian Ocean (zonal and local variability). Litologiya i Poleznyye Iskopaemyye (Lithology and Mineral Resources), 14(3), 3-18
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Regional variations in abundance, morphology, and chemical composition of Fe-Mn nodules have a zonal character. Due to circumcontinental zonality of terrigenous sedimentation the main mass of the nodules occurs in the pelagic part of the ocean, in areas of minimal sedimentation rates. In spatial variations in morphology and chemical composition of the nodules the latitudinal zonality is very clear and associated with latitudinal changes in facial conditions of sedimentation. Elevated contents of Mn, Ni, and Cu and of Mn/Fe ratio occur in nodules from the radiolarian belt. Changes of chemical composition of the nodules with depth (vertical zonality of mineralization) are confirmed. Local variations in abundance, morphology and chemical composition of the nodules are caused by ruggedness of relief and depth variations, variations in sedimentation rate, age of ore formation, intensity of diagenetic redistribution of metals.
    Keywords: Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Bottom trawl; BT; Dredge; DRG; East Indian Ocean; GC; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Indian Ocean; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; SIGSBY; Sigsby trawl; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); VITYAZ6729; VITYAZ6731-5; VITYAZ6731-6; VITYAZ6732-1; VITYAZ6734; VITYAZ6736-1; VITYAZ6737-1; VITYAZ6742-11; VITYAZ6742-13; VITYAZ6742-15; VITYAZ6742-2; VITYAZ6742-21; VITYAZ6742-22; VITYAZ6742-4; VITYAZ6742-6; VITYAZ6742-8; VITYAZ6742-9; VITYAZ6744-1; VITYAZ6744-2; VITYAZ6744-37; VITYAZ6744-39; VITYAZ6744-8; VITYAZ6746-1; VITYAZ6749-1; VITYAZ6751-2; VITYAZ6753-1; VITYAZ6754-1; VITYAZ6754-10; VITYAZ6754-11; VITYAZ6754-12; VITYAZ6754-15; VITYAZ6754-16; VITYAZ6754-4; VITYAZ6754-5; VITYAZ6754-6; VITYAZ6754-7; VITYAZ6755; VITYAZ7411-1; VITYAZ7411-2; VITYAZ7413; VITYAZ7414-1; VITYAZ7430; VITYAZ7446
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 71
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    Description of manganese nodules and crust collected from the Hakurei Maru Cruise GH77-1, January-March, 1977, in the Central Pacific Basin (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge, box; DRG_B; Elevation of event; Event label; FFGR; Free-fall grab; GH77-1; GH77-1-C11; GH77-1-C12; GH77-1-D211; GH77-1-D212; GH77-1-FG33-1; GH77-1-FG33-1C; GH77-1-FG33-2; GH77-1-FG33-2C; GH77-1-FG34-2; GH77-1-FG34-2C; GH77-1-FG37-1; GH77-1-FG37-1C; GH77-1-FG37-2; GH77-1-FG37-2C; GH77-1-FG39-1; GH77-1-FG39-1C; GH77-1-FG39-2; GH77-1-FG39-2C; GH77-1-FG40-1; GH77-1-FG40-1C; GH77-1-FG40-2; GH77-1-FG40-2C; GH77-1-FG41-1; GH77-1-FG41-1C; GH77-1-FG41-2; GH77-1-FG41-2C; GH77-1-FG42-1; GH77-1-FG42-1C; GH77-1-FG42-2; GH77-1-FG42-2C; GH77-1-FG43-1; GH77-1-FG43-1C; GH77-1-FG43-2; GH77-1-FG43-2C; GH77-1-FG44-1; GH77-1-FG44-1C; GH77-1-FG44-2; GH77-1-FG44-2C; GH77-1-FG45-1; GH77-1-FG45-1C; GH77-1-FG45-2; GH77-1-FG45-2C; GH77-1-FG46-1; GH77-1-FG46-1C; GH77-1-FG46-2; GH77-1-FG46-2C; GH77-1-FG48-1; GH77-1-FG48-1C; GH77-1-FG48-2; GH77-1-FG48-2C; GH77-1-FG49-1; GH77-1-FG49-1C; GH77-1-FG49-2; GH77-1-FG49-2C; GH77-1-FG50-1; GH77-1-FG50-1C; GH77-1-FG50-2; GH77-1-FG50-2C; GH77-1-FG51-1; GH77-1-FG51-1C; GH77-1-FG51-2; GH77-1-FG51-2C; GH77-1-FG52-1; GH77-1-FG52-1C; GH77-1-FG52-2; GH77-1-FG52-2C; GH77-1-FG53-1; GH77-1-FG53-1C; GH77-1-FG53-2; GH77-1-FG53-2C; GH77-1-FG54-1; GH77-1-FG54-1C; GH77-1-FG54-2; GH77-1-FG54-2C; GH77-1-FG55-1; GH77-1-FG55-1C; GH77-1-FG55-2; GH77-1-FG55-2C; GH77-1-FG60-1; GH77-1-FG60-1C; GH77-1-FG60-2; GH77-1-FG61-1; GH77-1-FG61-1C; GH77-1-FG61-2; GH77-1-FG61-2C; GH77-1-FG62-1; GH77-1-FG62-1C; GH77-1-FG62-2; GH77-1-FG62-2C; GH77-1-FG64-1; GH77-1-FG64-2; GH77-1-FG64-2C; GH77-1-FG65-1; GH77-1-FG65-2; GH77-1-FG65-2C; GH77-1-FG66-1; GH77-1-FG66-1C; GH77-1-FG66-2; GH77-1-FG67-1; GH77-1-FG67-1C; GH77-1-FG67-2; GH77-1-FG67-2C; GH77-1-FG68-1; GH77-1-FG68-1C; GH77-1-FG68-2; GH77-1-FG69-1; GH77-1-FG69-1C; GH77-1-FG69-2; GH77-1-FG69-2C; GH77-1-FG70-1; GH77-1-FG70-1C; GH77-1-FG70-2; GH77-1-FG70-2C; GH77-1-FG71-1; GH77-1-FG71-2; GH77-1-FG71-2C; GH77-1-FG71-3; GH77-1-FG71-4; GH77-1-FG71-4C; GH77-1-FG71-5; GH77-1-FG71-6; GH77-1-FG71-7; GH77-1-FG71-7C; GH77-1-FG71-8; GH77-1-FG72-1; GH77-1-FG72-1C; GH77-1-FG72-2; GH77-1-FG72-2C; GH77-1-G373; GH77-1-G376; GH77-1-G378; GH77-1-G379; GH77-1-G380; GH77-1-G381; GH77-1-G383; GH77-1-G384; GH77-1-G385; GH77-1-G387; GH77-1-G388; GH77-1-G389; GH77-1-G390; GH77-1-G391; GH77-1-G392; GH77-1-G393; GH77-1-G394; GH77-1-G397; GH77-1-G402; GH77-1-G403; GH77-1-G405; Hakurei-Maru (1974); Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; O70; Ocean 70 grab; Pacific Ocean; Photo/Video; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 836 data points
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  • 72
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    (Fig. VIII-1-14, Page 107-120) Visual characteristics of manganese nodules on bottom photographs collected in the Pacific Ocean during cruise GH77-1 of R/V Hakurei Maru (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kinoshita, Yasumasa; Moritani, Tomoyuki; Handa, Keiji (1979): Manganese nodule occurrence and benthonic activities observed from deep sea photographs, in: Deep Sea Mineral Resources Investigation in the Central-Western Part of Central Pacific Basin, January-March 1977 (GH77-1 Cruise). Geological Survey of Japan, Cruise Report, 106-130, https://www.gsj.jp/data/cruise-rep/12-08.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Deep sea photographs in the GH77-1 cruise were obtained by two methods, namely a one-shot 16 mm camera attached to the freefall (boomerang) type photo grab and an independent 35 mm deep sea camera.
    Keywords: Concentration; Coverage; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; GH77-1; GH77-1-C11; GH77-1-C12; GH77-1-FG33-1C; GH77-1-FG33-2C; GH77-1-FG34-2C; GH77-1-FG37-1C; GH77-1-FG37-2C; GH77-1-FG39-1C; GH77-1-FG39-2C; GH77-1-FG40-1C; GH77-1-FG40-2C; GH77-1-FG41-1C; GH77-1-FG41-2C; GH77-1-FG42-1C; GH77-1-FG42-2C; GH77-1-FG43-1C; GH77-1-FG43-2C; GH77-1-FG44-1C; GH77-1-FG44-2C; GH77-1-FG45-1C; GH77-1-FG45-2C; GH77-1-FG46-1C; GH77-1-FG46-2C; GH77-1-FG48-1C; GH77-1-FG48-2C; GH77-1-FG49-1C; GH77-1-FG49-2C; GH77-1-FG50-1C; GH77-1-FG50-2C; GH77-1-FG51-1C; GH77-1-FG51-2C; GH77-1-FG52-1C; GH77-1-FG52-2C; GH77-1-FG53-1C; GH77-1-FG53-2C; GH77-1-FG54-1C; GH77-1-FG54-2C; GH77-1-FG55-1C; GH77-1-FG55-2C; GH77-1-FG60-1C; GH77-1-FG61-1C; GH77-1-FG61-2C; GH77-1-FG62-1C; GH77-1-FG62-2C; GH77-1-FG64-2C; GH77-1-FG65-2C; GH77-1-FG66-1C; GH77-1-FG67-1C; GH77-1-FG67-2C; GH77-1-FG68-1C; GH77-1-FG69-1C; GH77-1-FG69-2C; GH77-1-FG70-1C; GH77-1-FG70-2C; GH77-1-FG71-2C; GH77-1-FG71-4C; GH77-1-FG71-7C; GH77-1-FG72-1C; GH77-1-FG72-2C; Hakurei-Maru (1974); Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Photo/Video; PV
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 177 data points
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  • 73
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    (Table 4, page 1372) Element abundances in ferromanganese oxide crusts on bioclastic limestones at R.R.S. Shackleton Sta. 1225 (Annan Seamount) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Jones, E J W; Goddard, D A (1979): Deep-sea phosphorite of tertiary age from Annan Seamount, eastern equatorial atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 26(12), 1363-1379, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(79)90004-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Phosphatized bioclastic limestones of Early Tertiary age have been dredged from the crest of a seamount in the equatorial Atlantic near 9°N, 21°W. The samples were recovered from water depths of 700 to 970 m but clearly were deposited in a high-energy reefal environment, thus indicating significant Tertiary subsidence. The vertical movement is beleived to reflect reactivation of an old structural line, the Guinée Fracture Zone, which may have had important effects on the transfer of bottom waters of polar origin between the Sierra Leone and Gambia basins. Examination of foraminiferal limestone coating the shallow water material suggests that deep-water conditions were established on the seamount by Middle Miocene time. All phosphatized samples are covered with a layer of ferromanganese oxides which, from textural and faunal evidence, is Palaeocene or Eocene in age and of shallow water origin. Pervasive phosphatization of the bioclastic limestones appears to have been accomplished before the end of the Eocene while the crest of the seamount was near sea level, because Upper Eocene limestone of shallow water facies is unaffected by such radical diagenesis. Phosphatization probably was associated with vigorous upwelling near the seamount and has been taken to an unusually advanced stage, resulting in a phosphoritesof high economic grade. P2O5 contents are in the range of 37 to 41%. The purity of the phosphorites may be related to the intensity of upwelling during the Early Tertiary, but other factors such as the paucity of terrigenous detritus, frequent reworking of the sedimentary capping of the seamount, and a high primary porosity of the limestones may have been important in their information. The Early Tertiary period of phosphorite deposition on the seamount and in northwest Africa ended before the close of Eocene time in both areas, while shallow water conditions prevailed. It is argued that the cessation of phosphorite formation reflects major changes in the surface circulation of the Atlantic during the Eocene.
    Keywords: Annan Seamount, Atlantic Ocean; Atomic absorption spectrometry (Unicam SP90); Calcium; Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Insoluble residue; Iron; Magnesium; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Potassium; Sample ID; Shackleton; Shackleton75/1; Shackleton75/1_1225; Sodium; Substrate type; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 45 data points
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  • 74
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    Growth rates and possible age of a North Pacific manganese nodule (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The rate of accumulation of a ferromanganese coating on a fragment of pillow basalt was estimated using a variety of techniques. Unsupported 230 Th activity decrease in the oxide layer, K/A dating of the basalt, fission tracks dating of the glassy layer around the basalt, thickness of the palagonitization rind, and integrated 230 Th activity give ages from approximately 3 x 10-6 years to 5 x 10-3 years. Data suggest that the ferromanganese material formed rapidly (33 mm/10-6 years) and by hydrothermal or volcanic processes.
    Keywords: Alpha spectrometry; DEEPSONDE; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DISTANCE; Distance, maximum; Distance, minimum; DPSN02-D3; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Substrate type; Thomas Washington; Thorium-230; Thorium-230, per area; Thorium-230, standard deviation; Thorium-230 excess; Thorium-230 excess, standard deviation; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Uranium-234; Uranium-234, standard deviation; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 228 data points
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  • 75
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the coastal vicinity of the Vulcano Island in the Eolian Islands, Italy (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Monaco, Andre; Valette, J N; Hoffert, Michel; Picot, P (1979): Héritage et néoformation dans les dépôts volcano-sédimentaires et hydrothermaux avoisinant l'île de Vulcano = Heritage and neoformation in volcanic and hydrothermal sediments surrounding Vulcano Island. Oceanologica Acta, 2(1), 75-89, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00122/23365/21192.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The volcanic deposits which surround Vulcano Island may be classified in four phases : a detritic phase, fed from the Island itself and from Sicily; a siliceous and carbonateous organic phase; a neogenesis mineral phase; a precipitation phase. The formation of clay and the mineralization of iron and manganese are the subject of particular study. A number of indications suggest the littoral neogenesis of kaolinite around hydrothermal issues, and the formation of smectite at greater depths. The distribution of iron mineralization in the Baie du Levant follows the physicochemical variations of the environment. Melnikovite, pyrite, marcassite and pyrrhotin are dispersed in aureoles around swallow emission points (fumaroles). Close to the hydrothermal spring, iron precipitates are found in the form of amorphous hydroxydes, while geothite and hematite characterize the deeper area as a whole. Manganese mineralizations are exclusively represented by hydroxides and oxides, locally (about - 250 m) organized as incrustations on. lapilli glasses (micronodules). These would appear to be related to the hydrothermal spring.
    Keywords: Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description; Vulcano_M; Vulcano Island, Italy
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9 data points
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  • 76
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    (Table 1, page 418) 10Be measurements inside a ferromanganese crust of the Atlantic Ocean (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Turekian, Karl K; Cochran, J Kirk; Krishnaswami, Seth; Lanford, W A; Parker, P D; Bauer, K A (1979): The measurement of 10Be in manganese nodules using a tandem Van De Graaff accelerator. Geophysical Research Letters, 6(5), 417-420, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL006i005p00417
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The growth rate of a manganese nodule from the South Atlantic Ocean (Rio Grande Ridge) has been determined using a 10Be profile as measured with a Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. This rate is 4.5 mm /My. A correlation may exist between the 10Be flux and the Mn flux to nodules.
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Beryllium-10; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9, standard deviation; Beryllium-10/Beryllium-9 ratio; Beryllium-10 decay; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DISTANCE; Distance, maximum; Distance, minimum; Dredge; DRG; Identification; Mass, netto; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; RC16; RC16-10RD; Robert Conrad
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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  • 77
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    Observation of manganese deposits in the Cayman Trough, Caribbean Sea by the ALVIN submersible in 1977 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Malcolm, Frieda L (1979): Petrography, mineral chemistry and microstructures of gabbros from the Mid-Cayman Rise Spreading Center. Master thesis, University of Albany, 121 pp, https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/cas_daes_geology_etd/56/
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The suite of gabbroic rocks collected by the DSRV ALVIN in 1976 and 1977 from the walls of the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center were studied in detail to provide the best available data on plutonic rocks sampled directly from the ocean floor. The rock types studied include variably deformed and altered gabbros, orthopyroxene gabbros, olivine gabbros and troctolites, and a few amphibolites. Mineral chemical analyses suggest that the various rock types are representative of a fractionation trend from magnesian troctolites through olivine and clinopyroxene gabbros to iron-enriched orthopyroxene gabbros. Within many individual samples, the primary mineral phases are apparently chemically homogeneous despite sometimes considerable alteration, which suggests reequilibration after original crystallization. Variation in mineral-chemistry across the suite is larger than previously reported for ocean-floor gabbros; this may be due to the larger population of this study. The primary or secondary nature of plagioclase and amphibole must be distinguished in discussions of the igneous processes involved in the genesis of these rocks. In this suite, textural evidence is often inconclusive, and although sodic chemistry is assumed to indicate a secondary origin for plagioclase, no chemical indicator was found to apply to amphiboles. Many different deformation textures are observed in the samples, indicating considerable variation in the conditions of deformation within this slowly accreting ridge environment. Ductile features range from mechanical twins and bent crystals (low strain) to complete recrystallization with a well-developed foliation (high strain). Textures suggestive of cataclasis include zones .1-10 mm wide containing very fine, irregular grains; kinked and cracked grains, usually very undulose; and crosscutting fractures. These textures may occur separately, or next to or overprinting each other. Of the variables controlling the formation of deformation features, temperature and water pressure are most easily estimated. Minimum temperature during deformation is suggested by minimum temperature of formation of mineral assemblages unaffected by this deformation. This temperature is greater than 550°C (epidote-amphibolite facies) for the majority of features observed, although sampling may have introduced a bias away from lower temperature features. Observations suggest enhanced recrystallization where the primary mineralogy has been hydrated to a greater extent. Theoretically, confining pressure for the gabbroic rocks in this suite may have varied from about .3-.9kb; fluid pressure should have been within these limits. Based on mineralogical evidence, cataclastic and ductile textures developed at both high and moderate temperatures. This suggests that strain rates and/or pressure vary considerably within regions where rocks are hot as well as where rocks are cooler, and that after high-temperature deformation some rocks cooled quickly enough to prevent significant recrystallization while others cooled more slowly. These interpretations indicate that the Cayman plutonics were raised to their present position by motions which varied from place to place and time to time, and suggests that the structural history of plutonic.rocks formed at slowly accreting plate boundaries is highly variable and complex.
    Keywords: AL73700; AL73800; AL73900; AL74000; AL74100; AL74200; ALV737; ALV-737; ALV738; ALV-738; ALV739; ALV-739; ALV740; ALV-740; ALV741; ALV-741; ALV742; ALV-742; Alvin; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; Grab; GRAB; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42 data points
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  • 78
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    Observation of manganese deposits in the area of the Galapagos Rift by the ALVIN submersible in 1977 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Williams, David L; Green, K; van Andel, Tjeerd H; von Herzen, Richard P; Dymond, Jack R; Crane, Kathleen (1979): The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84(B13), 7467-7484, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB13p07467
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Ranging in height from gentle hills of less than a meter to steep-sided giants of more than 20 m, the mounds of the Galapagos Rift are spectacular hydrothermal features. Their internal temperatures have been measured at up to 13°C above the bottom water temperature, and total heat flow (conducted plus convected) can be several hundred to several thousand times the normal oceanic values. Fluids, when they discharge from the mound, do so at a very slow rate and at temperatures probably quite near the bottom water temperature. The mounds are principally composed of iron silicates intermixed and incrusted with lesser amounts of manganese oxides. They are generally found in rows, in a uniformly sedimented area above faults or fractures in the crustal rocks which permit fluids to escape from a deep hydrothermal aquifer. The sediment blanket in some way alters the chemistry of the ascending thermal fluids and leads to the development of mounds. The mounds field, covering an area of at least 200 km2 and consisting of thousands of individual mounds, is probably less than 300,000 years old; and many of the mounds may be only a few tens of thousands of years old or less.
    Keywords: AL72500; AL72900; AL73100; AL73400; ALV725; ALV-725; ALV729; ALV-729; ALV731; ALV-731; ALV734; ALV-734; Alvin; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; SMC; Submersible mounted corer; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 32 data points
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  • 79
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 43 (Holes 384, 385, 386 and 387) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: McCave, I Nick; Demars, Kenneth R; Kendrick, J W; Okada, Hisatake; McNulty, C L; Kaneps, Ansis G; Galehouse, J S; Houghton, R L; Rothe, Peter; Murdmaa, Ivar O; Tucholke, Brian E; Vogt, Peter R (1979): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U. S. Government Printing Office, XLIII, 1115 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.43.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Leg 43 was planned to examine a wide variety of geological problems at numerous sites in the deep western North Atlantic basin. A variety of objectives were to be addressed on Leg 43,among these: 1) to investigate the sedimentary development of the North American basin, 2) to recover sediments containing late Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossils for biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic, and paleoceanographic studies 3) to recover samples of basaltic basement from the smooth crest of the basement ridge associated with the northern part of the New England seamounts, 4) To examine the age and nature of volcanism on Bermuda and along the New England seamount chain, in order to test ideas on volcanic* origin such as the "hotspot" hypothesis, and to examine volcaniclastic lithofacies and assess the role of volcanic sources for certain North Atlantic sediments.
    Keywords: 43-384; 43-385; 43-386; 43-387; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg43; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Atlantic/CONT RISE; North Atlantic/RIDGE; North Atlantic/SEAMOUNT; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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  • 80
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits recovered during WHOI R/V Atlantis II Cruise 92 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bryan, Wilfred B; Sargent, John R (1979): Basalt from 22°23°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge Median Valley. In: Melson, W.G.; Rabinowitz, P.D.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 45, U.S. Government Printing Office, 45, 653-655, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.45.140.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: This paper summarizes the petrography and major element chemistry of basalt collected by R/V Atlantis II at 23 °N, and compare these data with published data for 22 °N and with the preliminary shipboard data for DSDP Sites 395 and 396, in order to define the regional petrologic setting of the Leg 45 basalts.
    Keywords: A209201; AII-92-1PC; AII-92-1PG; AII-92-4PC; AII-92-4PG; AII-92-4RD; AII-92-5PC; AII-92-5RD; AII-92-6RD; AII-92-7PC; AII-92-7RD; ATII92; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantis II (1963); Comment; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Piston corer; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 146 data points
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  • 81
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 46 (Hole 396B) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Honnorez, Jose J; Böhlke, John Karl; Honnorez-Guerstein, B-M (1979): Petrographical and Geochemical Study of the Low Temperature Submarine Alteration of Basalt from Hole 396B, Leg 46. In: Dmitriev, L.; Heirtzler, J.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XLVI, 299-329, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.46.120.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A combined mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical study of altered basaltic rock samples of the upper oceanic crust from Hole 396B IPOD Leg 46. The hole was drilled on the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in anomaly 5 at about 23°N. The site is located in a sediment pond at a water depth of 4450 meters; 205 meters of pillow lavas intercalated with indurated ooze and one exceptionally thick lava unit (sill or flow?) were drilled.
    Keywords: 46-396B; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; File name; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg46; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 81 data points
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  • 82
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 45 (Holes 395, 395A and 396) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zolotarev, Boris P; Rhodes, M; Prosser, Egfrid; Natland, James H; Lawrence, James R; Johnson, Harlan; Graham, Andrew L; Fujii, Toshitsugu; Bougault, Henri; Melson, William G; Rabinowitz, Philip D (1979): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XLV, 717 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.45.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Leg 45 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project was the inaugural cruise of the International Phase of Ocean Drilling. Its primary scientific objective was to develop an understanding of the composition, structure, and origin of oceanic crust by drilling as deeply into it as technology would permit. The feasibility of drilling deep into the oceanic crust was demonstrated during Leg 37 when one hole was drilled 586 meters into basaltic volcanic rocks near the crest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at about 37 °N. The areas of principal interest for Leg 45 were survey areas AT-5, situated near 23 °N, 46 °W and AT-6 near 23 °N, 43°W. The two survey areas are on opposite sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, south of the Kane fracture zone. During Leg 45, Holes 395 and 395A were drilled in survey area AT-5 and Hole 396, was drilled in survey area AT-6.
    Keywords: 45-395; 45-395A; 45-396; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg45; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Atlantic/SEDIMENT POND; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 125 data points
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  • 83
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 48 (Holes 400A, 401, 402) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Montadert, Lucien; Roberts, David G; Auffret, Gérard A; Bock, W D; Dupeuble, P A; Hailwood, Ernie A; Harrison, William E; Kagami, H; Lumsden, D N; Müller, C M; Schnitker, Detmar; Thompson, T L; Timofeev, Pyotr P (1979): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U. S. Government Printing Office, XLVIII, 1183 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.48.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Unlike many cruises of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 48 was scientifically planned to drill a number of sites to systematically address the problems of passive margin evolution. Site 400 was drilled at the foot of the Meriadzek Escarpment of North Biscay in 4399 meters depth. The site was located in a half-graben forming part of a succession of tilted and rotated fault blocks near the continent/ocean boundary. Site 401 was situated on the planated edge of a tilted fault-block underlying the southern edge of the Meriadzek Terrace on the north Biscay margin. Site 402 was located on the upper slope of the northern continental margin of the Bay of Biscay. The main objectives were to establish the presence or absence of shallow water Upper Cretaceous beds, and to penetrate pre-Aptian synrift sediments and the upslope equivalent of the deep water Albian-Aptian carbonaceous mudstones penetrated at Hole 400A.
    Keywords: 48-400A; 48-401; 48-402; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg48; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Atlantic/BASIN; North Atlantic/SLOPE; North Atlantic/TERRACE; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 67 data points
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  • 84
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 49 (Holes 407, 408, 410, 412, 412A) (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Luyendyk, Bruce P; Cann, Joe R; Sharman, G; Roberts, W P; Shor, A N; Duffield, W A; Varet, J; Zolotarev, Boris P; Poore, Richard Z; Steinmetz, J C; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Vennum, W; Wood, D A; Steiner, M (1979): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. U. S. Government Printing Office, XLIX, 1020 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.49.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Leg 49 of the International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) was designed with a wide spectrum of problems in mind. Topics investigated were (1) variation with time of mantle sources of spreading-center magmas, (2) aging of the volcanic layer, (3) degree of hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism of the volcanic layer, (4) lateral and vertical variation of the petrochemistry, magnetic properties, and structure of the volcanic layer, (5) north-south variability of spreading-center magmas through the North Atlantic, (6) initiation of glaciation during the late Pliocene, and (7) the influence of bottom currents originating at the Iceland-Faeroes Ridge on sediments of the ridge flank province of the western North Atlantic.
    Keywords: 49-407; 49-408; 49-410; 49-412; 49-412A; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; File name; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg49; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Atlantic/FRACTURE ZONE; North Atlantic/RIDGE; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 99 data points
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  • 85
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits observed from bottom photography taken during the INDOMED-1 expedition (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lonsdale, Peter; Spiess, Fred N (1979): A pair of young cratered volcanoes on the East Pacific Rise. The Journal of Geology, 87(2), 157-173, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30060250
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: 35 km either side of the Pacific-Cocos spreading axis at 846'N, on crust 0.6 x 10SUP-6 years old, a pair of small seamounts rises 1.4 km above the faulted terrain of young abyssal hills. A high-resolution traverse made with the sonars and cameras of a deeply towed vehicle shows that the seamounts are inactive volcanoes, with concave side slopes that steepen upwards to 30, and then abruptly flatten at 2-4 km wide summits. Ledges of pillow basalt outcrop on the lower slopes, and form some talus slopes, but the superficial rock of the upper slopes appear to be mainly hyaloclastite. A transponder-navigated deep-tow survey at the summit area of the eastern seamount mapped an asymmetric caldera containing 3 pit craters, which have vertical walls and flat floors. Dredging across the caldera floor recovered hyaloclastite, angular fragments of primitive tholeiite, and manganese nodules. The paired seamounts probably had a common origin at a 'hot spot' on the spreading axis; continued to grow after they were split by sea-floor spreading; and became extinct and suffered summit collapse after they spread too far from their magma source.
    Keywords: Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; East Pacific Ocean; File name; Identification; Indomed_leg_1; INMD-1-4C; Melville; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Photo/Video; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21 data points
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  • 86
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    Observation of manganese deposits in the Nicoya ophiolite complex of Costa Rica (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kuypers, E P; Denyer, P C (1979): Volcanic exhalative manganese deposits of the Nicoya ophiolite complex, Costa Rica. Economic Geology, 74(3), 672-678, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.74.3.672
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: In Costa Rica the manganese deposits are an integral part of the Nicoya ophiolite complex. They contain both primary mineralization and, due to weathering, small residual concentrations. The most common manganese minerals in surface outcrops are psilomelane and pyrolusite. Most of them exist in jasper bodies often in a form of breccia in contact with underlaying basalt. In some instances stratiform manganese-oxide crusts and nodule deposits cap jasper bodies and stratabound deposits being overlain by radiolarites.
    Keywords: Conchal, Costa Rica; Curiol_K; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; File name; Huacas, Costa Rica; Identification; Los_Limones_K; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pavones_K; Playa_Real_K; Position; Quantity of deposit; San Pablo, Costa Rica; Santa Rosa,Costa Rica; Sediment type; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 29 data points
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  • 87
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the IPOD Atlantic Site Survey near DSDP Leg 45, Site 395 (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: One of the main objectives of the International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) of the Deep Sea Drilling Project was to determine the geological, geochemical, and geophysical character of ocean crust formed at mid-ocean spreading ridges. A series of drill holes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), from near Iceland south to approximately 22°N latitude, was planned to compare the crust being generated near an anomalous ridge (Iceland) with that originating near a normal slow-spreading ridge (22°N). At the same time, a series of holes in near zero-age crust at 22 °N was planned along a "flow line" (a transect parallel to local fracture zones) trending west into increasingly older crust, eventually extending the sampling to crust of apparent Jurassic date off the eastern United States coast. This age-transgressive transect was designed to test the evolution of crust formed at one point in the spreading ridge. The intersection of these two series of holes was designated Atlantic Site 5 and was positioned on the upper western flank of the Mid Atlantic Ridge near 22 °N latitude, as close as possible to the spreading ridge crest. The R/V Kana Keoki conducted a detailed 22-day survey of Atlantic Site 5 during Cruise 74-01-01, Leg 7 prior to the DSDP Leg45 was conducted.
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; Identification; IPOD-Leg7; Kana Keoki; KK7401L7-RD1; KK7401L7-RD10; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points
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  • 88
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Oceanographer Cruise RP-7-OC-77 in the DOMES, Site C area (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: In surface sediment at the three DOMES sites in the equatorial North Pacific, the percentage of reworked fauna and the thickness of the acoustically transparent uppermost layer increases from east to west (Sites C to B to A) and the percentage of volcanogenic products decreases. On the basis of lithology and acoustic signature (3.5 kHz) this sediment can be correlated with surface sediment recovered in Deep Sea Drilling Project cores from this same area. It has been assigned to the radiolarian ooze unit of the Clipperton Ocean Formation. The underlying Marquesas Oceanic Formation, well documented in DSDP cores, was not observed in DOMES cores but was identified in the acoustic records as an acoustically transparent to weakly reflective unit. In the study area, the Clipperton Formation is commonly deeply eroded and unconformable with the sea-floor surface, but the Marquesas Formation is present everywhere and has a fairly uniform thickness.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DOMES Site C, Pacific Ocean; Elevation of event; Event label; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oceanographer; Position; Quantity of deposit; RP7OC77; RP7-OC-77; RP7OC77-10-6; RP7OC77-1-10; RP7OC77-2-5; RP7OC77-3-9; RP7OC77-4-4; RP7OC77-5-2; RP7OC77-6-3; RP7OC77-7-1; RP7OC77-8-8; RP7OC77-9-7; Sediment type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 70 data points
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  • 89
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DOMES sites in the Pacific Ocean (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sorem, Ronald K; Fewkes, Ronald H; McFarland, William Douglas; Reinhart, W R (1979): Physical aspects of the growth environment of manganese nodules in the "Horn region", East Equatorial Pacific Ocean. in: Lalou, C. (Ed.), La Genèse Des Nodules de Manganèse. Centre National de la recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 61-76, https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/NOAA-MMS/MnHornRegion.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Recent study of many box cores and deep sea photographs from DOMES Sites A, B, and C throws new light on the mode or occurrence of manganese nodules in the Horn Region o f the Pacific. Most bos cores from which the supernatant water has been carefully removed show nodules resting on a relatively firm mud surface, and deep imbedding is rare except for very large nodules; yet many bottom photographs from sites nearby show nodules well-imbedded in what appears to be soft muddy sediment. Observations of nodules still covered by sea water in box cores and experiments designed to preserve the natural relationships between nodules and sediment may explain this paradox. We conclude that at least the upper part of the original sediment, which we call the sediment-water interface "boundary layer", collapses when de-watered to form a wet mud only a fraction the thickness of the material on the sea bed. The relatively firm mud upon which nodules rest in many box cores is thought to underlie the boundary layer at a fairly abrupt contact, but the boundary layer proper probably grades upward, becoming progressively more water-rich, to a diffuse contact with sea water. Small nodules tend to be suspended in the boundary layer and grow largely or totally surrounded by it. As nodules grow, they may reach a size which permits anchoring in the firmer mud below by growth o f oxide dendrites downward, with the result that morphology becomes more asymmetrical as overall growth proceeds. Nodules grow by adding the crystalline manganese oxides todorokite and birnessite where they are in contact with sediment or sediment rich water and iron-rich amorphous oxides where they are in contact with the sea water above. Nodules which show alternating Mn-rich and Fe-rich internal layers may owe this pattern to long-continued sedentary growth during which periods of exposure to sea water alternated with periods during which the upper nodule surface was covered by the boundary layer. Similar nodule structures may also result from periodic overturn of nodules, and many nodules probably experience both kinds of events. The long-standing problem of concentration of manganese nodules at the present deep sea sediment-water interface may be partly explained by the unusual properties of the boundary layer. Although it appears to be both fragile and mobile, it also seems to have a cohesiveness or strength which permits it to hold nodules in suspension in spite of the relatively high density or most nodules. The presence o f organic material (mucoprotein) may contribute to the special properties of the boundary layer. There is photographic evidence that the boundary layer may hide small nodules from view in camera surveys, but the layer is so mobile that even bottom organisms can remove it. The use o f some kind of simple "cleaning" device during camera surveys may produce photographs which give a more accurate record o f nodule distribution than is presently possible.
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sample ID; SAN_JUAN_1963; Size; SNJ-DH8; Spencer F. Baird; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9 data points
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  • 90
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Knorr Cruise K79-05 in the MANOP Area S, Pacific Ocean (1979)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Cores, submarine photography and dredges described in this report were taken during the R/V Knorr Cruise K79-05 in 1979. Cores and dredges were recovered for 43 stations.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Comment; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; K7905; K7905-001BC; K7905-046GC; K7905-047BC; K7905-049GC; K7905-050BC; K7905-054BC; K7905-058BC; K7905-062BC; K7905-063GC; K7905-066BC; K7905-068BC; K7905-073BC; K7905-075BC; K7905-077GC; K7905-081BC; K7905-084GC; K7905-085BC; K7905-091BC; K7905-094BC; K7905-099BC; K7905-101BC; K7905-104BC; K7905-106BC; Knorr; MANOP; MANOP Site S, Pacific Ocean; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 319 data points
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  • 91
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    Manganese nodule and surface sediment compositions: DOMES sites A, B, and C (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Piper, David Z; Leong, Kam; Cannon, William F (1979): Manganese nodule and surface sediment compositions: domes sites A, B, and C. in: Bischoff, J.L. (ed.), Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Pacific Manganese Nodule Province, Marine Science. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, U.S.A., 437-474, https://store.pangaea.de/Projects/NOAA-MMS/chp_10.1007_978-1-4684-3518-4_13.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Manganese nodules and associated sediment from the equatorial North Pacific have been examined to ascertain relations between nodule abundance, texture, and composition, and sediment composition, lithology and acoustic stratigraphy. Nodules are most abundant in areas where the uppermost acoustically transparent layer of sediment is less than approximately 15 m thick. Abundance drops off sharply in areas where this acoustic unit is thicker than 20 m. Nodules have average Zn/Mn and Co/Mn ratios which are approximately the same as these ratios for the component of sediment soluble in hydroxylamine hydrochloride-acetic acid. The relations between Cu and Mn and Ni and Mn in the sediment are also approximately the same as in nodules, but only for those nodules which have a smooth surface texture. Granular nodules have relatively more Ni and Cu. Antimony in nodules, similar to Ni, Cu, and Zn, is strongly correlated with Mn, whereas Co, Hf, Th, and U are strongly correlated with Fe. The insoluble component of sediment has a uniform composition which is similar to the composition of terrigenous shale. This similarity holds for the major oxides as well as for Co, Cr, Zn, Hf, Sb, Th, U, Sc, Cs, Rb, and Ta.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 92
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    Chemical composition of the soluble fraction of oxidate portions of Lakes Shebadnowan ferromanganese concretions (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sozanski, Andrew George; Cronan, David S (1979): Ferromanganese concretions in Shebandowan Lakes, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16(1), 126-140, https://doi.org/10.1139/e79-012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Shebandowan Lakes, Ontario, are the site of at least 49 shallow (2-12 m) ferromanganese concretion deposits, widely distributed throughout the 48 km of the watercourse. X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer methods have revealed the presence of goethite in some of the concretions. Chemical analyses of the acid soluble portions of 72 samples gave an average composition of 43.1% Fe and 5.65% Mn with a low content of trace elements. The Shebandowan concretions are among the richest in iron of lake concretions reported, possibly because only the acid soluble portion was analysed. Their low content of trace elements suggests rapid growth rates and a relatively young age. A positive correlation was found between Mn and K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Ni, and Co and the relationship between the last three and Mn was deemed significant. Zn was independent of association with either Mn and Fe, probably due to the presence locally of zinc sulphide deposits. Analyses of lake bottom and influent waters suggested that frequent resampling of the sites would be required throughout the year to permit meaningful interpretation of the effect of water composition of concretions. Analyses of sediment cores from 20 concretion sites indicated an upward increase in Fe and Mn and in the Mn/Fe ratio, consistent with the model of upward migration of the elements, where Mn is more mobile than Fe. This study concludes that a considerable proportion of the elements have been supplied to the Shebandowan concretions via the diagenetic process; generally a minor fraction of the elements has been abstracted directly from the superjacent water.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 93
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    Metal content of nodules determined by Deepsea Ventures, Inc. with different methods (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography (1979): Analyses done by Deepsea Ventures, Inc of manganese nodules and crusts from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (private communication). unpublished
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Information on possible resource value of sea floor manganese nodule deposits in the Pacific has been assessed by Deepsea ventures Inc, from the collection of manganese nodules and crusts obtained during past research vessels' cruise from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 94
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    Analysis of polymetallic micromineralization in pelagic sediments (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Monaco, Andre (1979): Les microminéralisations polymétalliques: Structures bloquées des sédiments pélagiques. Chemical Geology, 27(1-2), 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(79)90108-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Mineralogical and chemical analysis of an Eastern Pacific core has been conducted in the context of a study of mineralisations in pelagic sediments; the data point out the relations between thin (2-100 m) manganese oxyhydroxide concretions and volcano-sedimentary environments. Between Clarion and Clipperton Islands, the polymetallic precipitates are precocious and they are due to the submarine volcanic activity of this spreading zone; in spite of their small size, all the elements are concentrated in the precipitates: Mn (9-46%), Fe (0.2-11%), Ni (0.1-3.4%), Cu (0.1-1.7%), Co (0.1-0.8%). The high internal structuration of micromineralisations, the splitting up of the elements in the laminations, the variability of contents according to the state of crystallinity can be explained by diagenetic processes at the scale of the grain. The contrast between the degree of evolution of these mineralisations and the situation of the area, that was submitted to important terrigenous and volcanic sedimentary inputs, lead to consideration of the micronodules as 'blocked structures', precursors of nodules, developed from diagenetic reactions of the micro-environment.
    Keywords: GC; Gravity corer; Le Noroit; NIXO30; NIXO30-NR71; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; NOR76/5; Pacific Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 95
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    Chemical composition of manganese nodules from the Pacific Ocean (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Banning, Davey Lee (1979): Variations of certain transition elements in the oxides in marine manganese nodules (MS thesis). Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U.S.A., https://download.pangaea.de/reference/92495/attachments/Banning_1979.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Manganese nodules from six Pacific Ocean sites contain two chief oxide components which can be distinguished by both optical and X-ray diffraction methods. Optically coordinated electron microprobe spot analyses reveal that copper and nickel are concentrated in the manganese-rich crystalline oxides (birnessite and todorokite) while cobalt is concentrated in the iron-rich amorphous oxides. In the nodules studied the maximum nickel content in the crystalline material is 3.6%, while the maximum copper content is 2.95%. The highest cobalt content found in the amorphous material was 0.74%. Large variations in concentrations were found within individual nodule layers as well as from one layer to another. Most of the variations cannot be accounted for by admixed nodule components. The variations cannot be distinguished by any optical or X-ray diffraction criteria and are probably controlled by the availability of the elements during primary deposition. There does not appear to be any linear interelement relationship between concentrations of the major elements (Mn and Fe) and the minor elements (Ni, Cu and Co). Linear relationships that have been reported in the past must be interpreted with care, for crystalline oxides and amorphous oxides may have been mixed in varying amounts during the sampling. In view of the different element associations in the crystalline and the amorphous oxides, the main factor for controlling bulk chemical analysis of a particular nodule appears to be the ratio of crystalline to amorphous material in the nodule. NSF-IDOE support of this research is acknowledged with thanks.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 96
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    (Table XIII-2, Page 166) Physical characteristics of manganese nodules collected in the Pacific Ocean during cruise GH77-1 of R/V Hakurei Maru (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Moritani, Tomoyuki; Maruyama, Shuji; Nohara, Masato; Kinoshita, Yasumasa; Koizumi, Toshio; Ito, Tadashi (1979): Description, types and distribution of manganese nodules, in: Deep Sea Mineral Resources Investigation in the Central-Western Part of Central Pacific Basin, January-March 1977 (GH77-1 Cruise). Geological Survey of Japan, Cruise Report, 163-205, https://www.gsj.jp/data/cruise-rep/12-13.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: In the GH77-1 cruise, manganese nodules were obtained from 31 stations among 37 total ones. Here are reported the preliminary results of the observation mainly done on-board. Special attention was paid to confirming the applicability of the nodule type classification tentatively established in the previous GH76-1 cruise and to delineating the pattern of the nodule distribution and clarifying its relation to the geological factors, such as topography, surface sediment types, and substrate stratigraphy. In addition, a short description of the obtained rock samples from a few stations is included in this chapter.
    Keywords: Concentration; Density; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge, box; DRG_B; Elevation of event; Event label; FFGR; Free-fall grab; GH77-1; GH77-1-D211; GH77-1-D212; GH77-1-FG33-1; GH77-1-FG33-2; GH77-1-FG34-2; GH77-1-FG37-1; GH77-1-FG37-2; GH77-1-FG39-1; GH77-1-FG39-2; GH77-1-FG40-1; GH77-1-FG40-2; GH77-1-FG41-1; GH77-1-FG41-2; GH77-1-FG42-1; GH77-1-FG42-2; GH77-1-FG43-1; GH77-1-FG43-2; GH77-1-FG44-1; GH77-1-FG44-2; GH77-1-FG45-1; GH77-1-FG45-2; GH77-1-FG46-1; GH77-1-FG46-2; GH77-1-FG48-1; GH77-1-FG48-2; GH77-1-FG49-1; GH77-1-FG49-2; GH77-1-FG50-1; GH77-1-FG50-2; GH77-1-FG51-1; GH77-1-FG51-2; GH77-1-FG52-1; GH77-1-FG52-2; GH77-1-FG53-1; GH77-1-FG53-2; GH77-1-FG54-1; GH77-1-FG54-2; GH77-1-FG55-1; GH77-1-FG55-2; GH77-1-FG60-1; GH77-1-FG60-2; GH77-1-FG61-1; GH77-1-FG61-2; GH77-1-FG62-1; GH77-1-FG62-2; GH77-1-FG64-1; GH77-1-FG64-2; GH77-1-FG65-1; GH77-1-FG65-2; GH77-1-FG66-1; GH77-1-FG66-2; GH77-1-FG67-1; GH77-1-FG67-2; GH77-1-FG68-1; GH77-1-FG68-2; GH77-1-FG69-1; GH77-1-FG69-2; GH77-1-FG70-1; GH77-1-FG70-2; GH77-1-FG71-1; GH77-1-FG71-2; GH77-1-FG71-3; GH77-1-FG71-4; GH77-1-FG71-5; GH77-1-FG71-6; GH77-1-FG71-7; GH77-1-FG71-8; GH77-1-FG72-1; GH77-1-FG72-2; GH77-1-G373; GH77-1-G376; GH77-1-G378; GH77-1-G379; GH77-1-G380; GH77-1-G381; GH77-1-G383; GH77-1-G384; GH77-1-G385; GH77-1-G387; GH77-1-G388; GH77-1-G389; GH77-1-G390; GH77-1-G391; GH77-1-G392; GH77-1-G393; GH77-1-G394; GH77-1-G397; GH77-1-G402; GH77-1-G403; GH77-1-G405; Hakurei-Maru (1974); Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mass; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Nodules; O70; Ocean 70 grab; Pacific Ocean; Shape
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 644 data points
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  • 97
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DEEPSONDE Expedition stations near the East Pacific Rise (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Johnson, J R (1979): Transitional basalts and tholeiites from the East Pacific Rise, 9°N. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84(B4), 1635, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB04p01635
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Basalts from the base of a small seamount on ~1.5-m.y.-old crust west of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°N are intermediate in chemical and isotopic composition between light-rare-earth-element-depleted tholeiite (normal midocean ridge basalt (MORB)) and alkali basalt. Like oceanic alkali basalt, these rocks contain significantly more Ba, K, P, Sr, Ti, U, and Zr than normal MORB. Since the absolute abundances of these elements are still well below alkali basalt levels, the label transitional is adopted for these basalts. A series of fractionated MORB also occurs in this area, northwest of the Siqueiros Fracture Zone - Transform Fault. The normal tholeiites are either olivine-plagioclase or plagioclase-clinopyroxene phyric, while the transitional basalts are spinel-olivine phyric. Fractional crystallization quantitatively accounts for the chemical variability of the tholeiitic series but not for the transitional basalts. The tholeiitic series probably evolved in a crustal magma chamber ~4 km below the crest of the East Pacific Rise. 143Nd/144Nd and other chemical data suggest that the large-ion-lithophile-enriched transitional basalts may represent a hybrid of normal MORB and Siqueiros area alkali basalt. Incompatible element plots of K, P, and U indicate possible derivation of the transitional basalts by magma mixing. Magma mixing of unfractionated normal MORB and Siqueiros alkali basalt has been quantified. Derivation of the transitional basalts from a 1:1 mixture is supported by all available chemical data, including Cr, Cu, Nd, Ni, Sm, Sr, U, and V. This magma mixing apparently occurred at ?〈~30 km depth within a few tens of kilometers from the EPR axis. These Siqueiros area EPR transitional basalts are compared with Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) transitional basalts from the Iceland and Azores areas. The Siqueiros area basalts reflect a profound chemical and isotopic heterogeneity in the upper mantle, similar to that found along the MAR. Unlike the MAR, the EPR shows no evidence of plumelike bulges and associated large-scale outpourings of nonnormal MORB resulting from these mantle heterogeneities. Siqueiros alkali basalt and MORB, as well as transitional basalt and MORB, were recovered from single dredge hauls. Such close spatial and temporal proximity of the inferred mantle sources places severe constraints on geometric and physicochemical upper mantle models.
    Keywords: DEEPSONDE; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DPSN02-D1; DPSN02-D3; DPSN02-D4; DPSN02-D5; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Size; Substrate type; Thomas Washington; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 38 data points
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  • 98
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    (Tables 1-2, pages 107-108) Chemical composition of Hawaiian soil concretions and adjacent soil (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Glasby, Geoffrey P; Rankin, P C; Meylan, Maurice A (1979): Manganiferous soil concretions from Hawaii. Pacific Science, 33(1), 103-115, hdl:10125/1458
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Manganiferous soil concretions have been located in pineapple and sugar cane plantations of the Schofield Plateau, Oahu, and black manganiferous coatings on the surface of soils have been observed on the crests of embankments next to pineapple plantations on Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai. The concretions and coatings are found inoxisols derived from volcanic parent material. The moisture regime of the soils is characterized by alternate wet and dry periods. This alternation facilitates remobilization and reprecipitation of manganese and to a much lesser extent iron and associated trace metals in the soils. Optimum conditions for manganiferous soil concretion development are encountered on the Schofield Plateau, where mean annual rainfall exceeds 1000 mm/year but where there is a net evaporation loss from the soils during the dry period (May through October). Remobilization of manganese is less pronounced in the oxisols of Molokai and Lanai, where mean annual rainfall is lower. Thin manganiferous coatings rather than concretions therefore form in these islands. The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Ni of the soils on which Hawaiian concretions form are higher than those of New Zealand soils in which manganese soil concretions are found. This is reflected by the much redder color of the Hawaiian concretion-bearing soils compared with their New Zealand counterparts. Rare earths show an enrichment sequence: parent rock ---+ soil ---+ soil concretion. A small positive Ce anomaly is noted in the soil and is more marked in the concretions. This may be due to the increasing oxidation of Ce in the concretions relative to the soil, although contamination of the soil by concretionary material may also playa role. The parent rock shows no Ce anomaly. Barium and Pb are enriched in concretions relative to the surrounding soil, whereas D, Th, Hf, Nb, Zr, and As are present in similar or higher concentrations in the soil relative to the concretions. Arsenic may follow Fe in the soils. Todorokite is the predominant manganese mineral in the Hawaiian soil concretions, not pyrolusite as previously reported. Scanning electron microscope studies show the crystalline nature of the manganese oxide minerals in the concretions.
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Arsenic; Barium; Calcium oxide; Cerium; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dysprosium; Elevation of event; Erbium; Europium; Gadolinium; Hafnium; Hawaiian Islands, North Central Pacific; Holmium; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Lead; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Neodymium; Nickel; Niobium; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oahu_K; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Praseodymium; Quantity of deposit; Samarium; Sample ID; Silicon dioxide; Size; Spark Source Mass Spectrography; Terbium; Thorium; Titanium dioxide; Uranium; Wet chemistry; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Ytterbium; Yttrium; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 111 data points
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  • 99
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V "Jean Charcot" GEOMANCHE 76/2 stations (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Auffret, Gérard A; Pastouret, L; Cassat, G; De Charpal, O; Cravatte, J; Guennoc, P (1979): Dredged rocks from the Armorican and Celtic Margins. In: Montadert, L & Roberts, D G (eds) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project; U.S. Government Printing Office, 48, 995-1013, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.48.152.1979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: This report presents the preliminary results of the study of rocks and sediments obtained by dredging during four cruises of the R/V Jean Charcot and R/V Le Suroit during a cooperative program between CNEXO and CEPM (CH 58: April 1975; SU 01: December 1975; CH 66: February 1976; and CH 67: March 1976). Several dredges on the continental slope of the Goban Spur recovered "granitic" rocks on two morphological structures, Granite Cliff and "Menez Bihan" (Pautot et al., 1976), in water depths ranging from 3200 to 4200 meters. According to the radiometric age and petrology, the granodiorite appears to have a close affinity with similar igneous facies which have been described in Iberia (Capdevilla et al., 1973) and attributed to the Variscan intrusive episode which is also found in the nearby continental area (southwest Great Britain and Brittany, France). They often are coated by a centimeter-thick layer of ferromanganiferous deposits (Shaaf et al., 1977).
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; CH67-12; CH76; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; GEOMANCHE76/2; Identification; Jean Charcot; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
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  • 100
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from ARA Islas Orcadas Cruise 12 core stations (1979)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kaharoeddin, F A; Eggers, M; Graves, R S; Goldstein, E H; Hattner, J; Jones, S C; Ciesielski, Paul F (1979): ARA Islas Orcadas Cruise 1277 sediment descriptions. Sedimentology Research Laboratory Contributions, Antarctic Research Facility, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Contribution No 47, 144 pp, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/curator/data/islas_orcadas/io1277/io1277_descriptions.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The purpose of this volume, the ninth in a series of similar publications (Goodell, 1964, 1965, 1968; Frakes 1971, 1973 ; Cassidy et al., 1977), is to continue a presentation to the research community of sediment core descriptions and attendant data of cored and otherwise obtained sediments retrieved in waters of the Southern Ocean aboard the research vessel, ARA Islas Orcadas (formerly, USNS Eltanin), as a part of the circumpolar survey begun by Eltanin in 1962 (see issue of Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1973). The data presented herein are concerned with the results of coring activities aboard cruise 1277 of Islas Orcadas, the third marine geology coring cruise of this vessel under the terms of the present United States-Argentine agreement. The core descriptions are organised as follows: 1) a brief summary of the coring objectives of the cruise, together with a discussion of core recovery; 2) a table and map of station location data for materials retrieved; 3) a table of tentative age-dates for each piston core; 4) an explanation of the laboratory procedures and descriptive criteria used in the description of the sediments, and 5) lithologic descriptions of the piston and trigger cores, and the piston and trigger core bag samples.
    Keywords: Color description; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; IO1277; IO1277.001-PC; IO1277.002-PC; IO1277.002-TC; IO1277.003-PC; IO1277.006-PC; IO1277.006-TC; IO1277.007-TC; IO1277.013-PC; IO1277.014-PC; IO1277.017-PC; IO1277.020-PC; IO1277.020-TC; IO1277.021-PC; IO1277.022-PC; IO1277.025-PC; IO1277.026-PC; IO1277.027-PC; IO1277.029-PC; IO1277.029-TC; IO1277.030-PC; IO1277.031-PC; IO1277.032-PC; IO1277.033-PC; IO1277.033-TC; IO1277.034-PC; IO1277.036-PC; IO1277.036-TC; IO1277.037-PC; IO1277.037-TC; IO1277.042-PC; IO1277.042-TC; Islas Orcadas; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Piston corer; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1098 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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