Williams, David L; Green, K; van Andel, Tjeerd H; von Herzen, Richard P; Dymond, Jack R; Crane, Kathleen (1979): Observation of manganese deposits in the area of the Galapagos Rift by the ALVIN submersible in 1977 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871049, Supplement to: Williams, DL et al. (1979): The hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift: Observations with DSRV Alvin and detailed heat flow studies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84(B13), 7467-7484, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB13p07467
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Abstract:
Ranging in height from gentle hills of less than a meter to steep-sided giants of more than 20 m, the mounds of the Galapagos Rift are spectacular hydrothermal features. Their internal temperatures have been measured at up to 13°C above the bottom water temperature, and total heat flow (conducted plus convected) can be several hundred to several thousand times the normal oceanic values. Fluids, when they discharge from the mound, do so at a very slow rate and at temperatures probably quite near the bottom water temperature. The mounds are principally composed of iron silicates intermixed and incrusted with lesser amounts of manganese oxides. They are generally found in rows, in a uniformly sedimented area above faults or fractures in the crustal rocks which permit fluids to escape from a deep hydrothermal aquifer. The sediment blanket in some way alters the chemistry of the ascending thermal fluids and leads to the development of mounds. The mounds field, covering an area of at least 200 km2 and consisting of thousands of individual mounds, is probably less than 300,000 years old; and many of the mounds may be only a few tens of thousands of years old or less.
Source:
Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT
Further details:
Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 0.629000 * Median Longitude: -86.131750 * South-bound Latitude: 0.570000 * West-bound Longitude: -86.167000 * North-bound Latitude: 0.767000 * East-bound Longitude: -86.088000
Date/Time Start: 1977-03-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1977-03-17T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m
Event(s):
ALV-725 (AL72500) * Latitude: 0.582000 * Longitude: -86.167000 * Date/Time: 1977-03-08T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2694.0 m * Campaign: ALV725 * Basis: Alvin * Method/Device: Submersible mounted corer (SMC)
ALV-729 (AL72900) * Latitude: 0.597000 * Longitude: -86.122000 * Date/Time: 1977-03-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2723.0 m * Campaign: ALV729 * Basis: Alvin * Method/Device: Submersible mounted corer (SMC)
ALV-731 (AL73100) * Latitude: 0.767000 * Longitude: -86.150000 * Date/Time: 1977-03-14T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2692.0 m * Campaign: ALV731 * Basis: Alvin * Method/Device: Submersible mounted corer (SMC)
Comment:
From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Williams, David L | |||
| 2 | Identification | ID | Williams, David L | |||
| 3 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Williams, David L | Geocode | |
| 4 | Position | Position | Williams, David L | Visual description | ||
| 5 | Deposit type | Deposit type | Williams, David L | |||
| 6 | Quantity of deposit | Quantity | Williams, David L | |||
| 7 | Substrate type | Substrate | Williams, David L | |||
| 8 | Sediment type | Sediment | Williams, David L | |||
| 9 | Comment | Comment | Williams, David L | |||
| 10 | Description | Description | Williams, David L |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
32 data points