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  • Other Sources  (1,796)
  • FID-GEO-DE-7  (1,235)
  • 551  (584)
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  • 1
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    GIS-based analysis of a geotechnical-geological 3D model of periglacial Quaternary rocks in the southern Leine valley, Lower Saxony (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Geometric 3D models are a very efficient tool to visualize geological units and structural features that have been presented before just in two dimensions on maps or cross-sections. Most of the information of 3D models is presented as 3D views, virtual wells or horizontal or vertical cross-sections. However, are there further options to transfer as much as possible of the complex information of a 3D model in an adequate way to the user? Is it useful and promising to analyse 3D objects like surfaces or volumes in GIS software? In our investigation we performed a GIS based analysis of an existing geotechnical-geological 3D model of periglacial sediments. The two steps were multiple raster calculations to create geotechnical maps and a digital analysis of surface parameters based on geomorphological techniques and statistics. The investigation area is located in southern Lower Saxony and covers the city of Goettingen and surrounding regions within the valley of the river Leine. The valley is filled by unconsolidated, periglacial sediments of Quaternary age with a variable thickness ranging from 1 to 70 m. The analysed 3D model was constructed with GoCAD in a former project (Nix et al. 2009). The model is based on a heterogenous dataset comprising well data, thematic maps, and outcrop descriptions. Finally, the surfaces and volumes of the following units were modelled, with a special focus on their different geotechnical properties: (1) anthropogenic material, (2) floodplain and slope deposits, (3) freshwater limestone, peat and organic clay, (4) loess, displaced loess, and loess loam, (5) fluvial gravel, (6) outwash fan material, (7) solifluction material, (8) mixed, hetereougenous fillings of subrosion sinks and (9) the surface of the underlying hardrocks. Each top and bottom surface of the Gocad volumes was exported as raster file with additional information stored in an associated attribute table. In ArcGIS various geoprocessing tools were used to calculate and analyse these rasters and to develope thematic geotechnical and geological maps. The geomorphological analysis was subdivided in several steps. Firstly, the surfaces were described visually, concerning their outline, shape and distribution, as well as superficial structures like distinct edges, holes, channels. Secondarily, descriptive statistic parameters of thickness, area and elevation of each surface were calculated. Thirdly, geoprocessing tools of the Spatial Analyst were performed on each surface. Finally, several surfaces were combined to analyse them together, calculating ratios and overlay combinations. Seven thematical geoengineering and geological maps were created, each of them presenting one portion of the three-dimensional dataset: Map of the stratigraphy and depth of the Quaternary base, Map of the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, Distribution map of model units 1 m below ground level, Distribution map of model units 2 m below ground level, Maps of types of different foundation soils, Distribution map of sediments with low loading capacity and Map of distribution and quality of the wells. While the map creation focused on the geotechnical aspects of the model, the applied geomorphological analysis revealed various parameters and values that are related to the geological formation of the model units. Despite the complex dataset represented by the analysed 3D model, thematical information could be transfered into 2D as thematic maps. Some geological characteristics and parameters of the model units were extracted by the descriptive and GIS-based analysis. References Nix, T., Wagner, B., Lange, T. , Fritz, J., Sauter, M. (2009): 3D-Baugrundmodell der quartären Sedimente des Leinetals bei Göttingen. – 17. Tagung für Ingenieurgeologie, S. 223-227, Zittau
    Description: poster
    Keywords: 3D model ; Quaternary ; Lower Saxony ; geotechnical ; GIS ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: conferencePaper
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  • 2
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    Ultramafic Carbonated Melt‐ and Auto‐Metasomatism in Mantle Eclogites: Compositional Effects and Geophysical Consequences (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The mineralogy, chemical composition, and physical properties of cratonic mantle eclogites with oceanic crustal protoliths can be modified by secondary processes involving interaction with fluids and melts, generated in various slab lithologies upon subduction (auto‐metasomatism) or mantle metasomatism after emplacement into the cratonic lithosphere. Here we combine new and published data to isolate these signatures and evaluate their effects on the chemical and physical properties of eclogite. Mantle metasomatism involving kimberlite‐like, ultramafic carbonated melts (UM carbonated melts) is ubiquitous though not pervasive, and affected between ~20% and 40% of the eclogite population at the various localities investigated here, predominantly at ~60–150 km depth, overlapping cratonic midlithospheric seismic discontinuities. Its hallmarks include lower jadeite component in clinopyroxene and grossular component in garnet, an increase in bulk‐rock MgO ± SiO2, and decrease in FeO and Al2O3 contents, and LREE‐enrichment accompanied by higher Sr, Pb, Th, U, and in part Zr and Nb, as well as lower Li, Cu ± Zn. This is mediated by addition of a high‐temperature pyroxene from a UM carbonated melt, followed by redistribution of this component into garnet and clinopyroxene. As clinopyroxene‐garnet trace‐element distribution coefficients increase with decreasing garnet grossular component, clinopyroxene is the main carrier of the metasomatic signatures. UM carbonated melt‐metasomatism at 〉130–150 km has destroyed the diamond inventory at some localities. These mineralogical and chemical changes contribute to low densities, with implications for eclogite gravitational stability, but negligible changes in shear‐wave velocities, and, if accompanied by H2O‐enrichment, will enhance electrical conductivities compared to unenriched eclogites.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Oceanic crust formed at spreading ridges is recycled in subduction zones and undergoes metamorphism to eclogite. Some of this material is captured in the overlying lithospheric mantle, where it is exhumed by passing magmas. Having formed in spreading ridges, these eclogites have proven invaluable archives for the onset of plate tectonics, for the construction of cratons during subduction/collision, as probes of the convecting mantle from which their precursors formed, and as generators of heterogeneity upon recycling into Earth's convecting mantle. During subduction and until exhumation, interaction with fluids and melts (called metasomatism) can change the mineralogy, chemical composition, and physical properties of mantle eclogites, complicating their interpretation, but a comprehensive study of these effects is lacking so far. We investigated mantle eclogites from ancient continents (cratons) around the globe in order to define hallmarks of metasomatism by subduction‐related fluids and small‐volume ultramafic carbonated mantle melts. We find that the latter is pervasive and occurs predominantly at midlithospheric depths where seismic discontinuities are detected, typically causing diamond destruction and a reduction in density. This has consequences for their gravitational stability and for the interpretation of shearwave velocities in cratons.
    Description: Key Points: Exploration of metasomatic effects during subduction of ancient oceanic crust and after its emplacement into cratonic lithospheric mantle. Metasomatism by kimberlite‐like ultramafic melt affected between 20% and 40% of mantle eclogite suites worldwide, mostly at 2–5 GPa. Metasomatism lowers FeO, hence density in eclogite; no significant effect on shearwave velocities.
    Description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Research Foundation (NRF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001321
    Description: Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011618
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, INST
    Description: research
    Keywords: 552.4 ; eclogites ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 3
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    Anti‐Phased Miocene Ice Volume and CO2 Changes by Transient Antarctic Ice Sheet Variability (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Geological evidence indicates large continental‐scale Antarctic ice volume variations during the early and mid‐Miocene. On million‐year timescales, these variations can largely be explained by equilibrium Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) simulations. In contrast, on shorter orbital timescales, the AIS needs not be in equilibrium with the forcing and ice volume variations may be substantially different. Here, we introduce a conceptual model, based on ice dynamical model results, to investigate the difference between transient variability and equilibrium differences of the Miocene AIS. In our model, an ice sheet will grow (shrink) by a specific rate when it is smaller (larger) than its equilibrium size. We show that phases of concurrent ice volume increase and rising CO2 levels are possible, even though the equilibrium ice volume decreases monotonically with CO2. When the AIS volume is out of equilibrium with the forcing climate, the ice sheet can still be adapting to a relatively large equilibrium size, although CO2 is rising after a phase of decrease. A delayed response of Antarctic ice volume to (covarying) solar insolation and CO2 concentrations can cause discrepancies between Miocene solar insolation and benthic δ18O variability. Increasing forcing frequency leads to a larger disequilibrium and consequently larger CO2‐ice volume phase differences. Furthermore, an amplified forcing amplitude causes larger amplitude ice volume variability, because the growth and decay rates depend on the forcing. It also leads to a reduced average ice volume, resulting from the growth rates generally being smaller than the decay rates.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The early and mid‐Miocene (23–14 Myr ago) was the last period in Earth's history when the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) size changed between being almost completely vanished and its current magnitude. So far, ice modelers have tried explaining this large‐scale AIS variability using steady‐state experiments, in which the final ice volume is in equilibrium with the forcing climate. In these simulations, phases of simultaneous ice sheet growth and CO2 increase have to be caused by increased precipitation outweighing increased melt in a warmer climate. Conversely, simultaneous ice sheet decay and CO2 decrease must be due to decreased precipitation exceeding decreased melt. Here, we provide an alternative explanation for these phases, based on the notion that the slowly evolving AIS is not in equilibrium with the forcing climate. In our model, an ice sheet will grow (shrink) by a specific rate when it is smaller (larger) than its equilibrium size. The AIS can then still be adapting to a relatively large equilibrium size, when CO2 is already increasing again after an initial drop. It can also continue decaying after a reversal from rising to sinking CO2 levels. Our results serve to aid the interpretation of Miocene geological oxygen isotope data.
    Description: Key Points: Concurrent Antarctic ice sheet growth and CO2 level rise can occur because of disequilibrium between ice volume and climate. The disequilibrium and CO2‐ice volume phase differences grow with increasing frequency of the forcing. Larger amplitude CO2 variability causes larger amplitude ice volume variability and a smaller average ice sheet.
    Keywords: 551 ; Miocene ; Antarctica ; ice sheet ; sea level ; carbon dioxide
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  • 4
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    Disentangling the Impact of Catchment Heterogeneity on Nitrate Export Dynamics From Event to Long‐Term Time Scales (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Defining effective measures to reduce nitrate pollution in heterogeneous mesoscale catchments remains challenging when based on concentration measurements at the outlet only. One reason for this is our limited understanding of the subcatchment contributions to nitrate export and their importance at different time scales. While upstream subcatchments often disproportionally contribute to runoff generation and in turn to nutrient export, agricultural areas (which are typically found in downstream lowlands) are known to be a major source of nitrate pollution. To examine the interplay of different subcatchments, we analyzed seasonal long‐term trends and event dynamics of nitrate concentrations, loads, and the concentration–discharge relationship in three nested catchments within the Selke catchment (456 km2), Germany. The upstream subcatchments (40.4% of total catchment area, 34.5% of N input) had short transit times and dynamic concentration–discharge relationships with elevated nitrate concentrations during wet seasons and events. Consequently, the upstream subcatchments dominated nitrate export during high flow and disproportionally contributed to overall annual nitrate loads at the outlet (64.2%). The downstream subcatchment was characterized by higher N input, longer transit times, and relatively constant nitrate concentrations between seasons, dominating nitrate export during low‐flow periods. Neglecting the disproportional role of upstream subcatchments for temporally elevated nitrate concentrations and net annual loads can lead to an overestimation of the role of agricultural lowlands. Nonetheless, constantly high concentrations from nitrate legacies pose a long‐term threat to water quality in agricultural lowlands. This knowledge is crucial for an effective and site‐specific water quality management.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: To efficiently remove nitrate pollution, we need to understand how it is transported, mobilized, and stored within large and heterogeneous catchments. Previous studies have shown that upstream catchments often have a disproportional impact on nutrient export, while agriculture (a major nitrate source) is often located in downstream lowlands. To understand which parts of a catchment contribute most to nitrate export and when, we analyzed long‐term (1983–2016) and high‐frequency (2010–2016) data in the Selke catchment (Germany) at three locations. The mountainous upstream part dominated nitrate transport during winter, spring, and rain events. It had a surprisingly high contribution to annual nitrate loads. The agricultural downstream part of the catchment dominated nitrate export during summer and autumn, with relatively constant concentrations between seasons. Here, nitrogen inputs needed more than a decade to travel through the subsurface of the catchment, which causes a time lag between measures to reduce nitrate pollution and their measurable effect. The resulting storage of nitrate in the groundwater threatens drinking water quality for decades to come. While the role of agricultural lowlands for nitrate export can be overestimated if neglecting the disproportional role of upstream subcatchments, their impact poses a long‐term threat to water quality.
    Description: Key Points: Analyzing the CQ relationship across time scales allows the disentanglement of the impact of catchment heterogeneity on nitrate export. Mountainous upstream subcatchments can dominate nitrate export during high flows and disproportionally contribute to nitrate loads. Agricultural downstream subcatchments can dominate nitrate export during low flow and pose a long‐term threat to water quality.
    Description: DFG collaborative research center (SFB) 1253 “CAMPOS”
    Description: Helmholtz Research Program, Integrated Project “Water and Matter Flux Dynamics in Catchments”
    Description: Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association through the project Advanced Earth System Modelling Capacity (ESM)
    Keywords: 551 ; concentration–discharge relationships ; event dynamics ; long‐term trends ; nitrate ; nutrient export ; water quality
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  • 5
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    Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part II: Catchment Response to Consecutive Debris Avalanche and Debris Flow (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The ~0.2 km3 Eibsee rock avalanche impacted Paleolake Eibsee and completely displaced its waters. This study analyses the lake impact and the consequences, and the catchment response to the landslide. A quasi‐3D seismic reflection survey, four sediment cores from modern Lake Eibsee, reaching far down into the rock avalanche mass, nine radiocarbon ages, and geomorphic analysis allow us to distinguish the main rock avalanche event from a secondary debris avalanche and debris flow. The highly fluidized debris avalanche formed a megaturbidite and multiple swashes that are recorded in the lake sediments. The new calibrated age for the Eibsee rock avalanche of ~4080–3970 cal yr BP indicates a coincidence with rockslides in the Fernpass cluster and subaquatic landslides in Lake Piburg and Lake Plansee, and raises the possibility that a large regional earthquake triggered these events. We document a complex history of erosion and sedimentation in Lake Eibsee, and demonstrate how the catchment response and rebirth of the lake are revealed through the complementary application of geophysics, sedimentology, radiocarbon dating, and geomorphology. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: Sedimentological, geophysical and geomorphological investigation in and around Lake Eibsee allows to decipher three rock‐slope failures from Mount Zugspitze: (i) the Eibsee rock avalanche ~4000 cal yr BP; (ii) a debris avalanche in the aftermath; and (iii) a large debris flow ~3740 cal yr BP. The Eibsee rock avalanche was re‐dated to a refined age of 4089–3876 cal yr BP. The coincidence with major events in the Fernpass rockslide cluster increases the likelihood of a prehistoric earthquake trigger.
    Description: Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes e.V. (German National Academic Foundation): http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004350
    Description: British Society for Geomorphology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010165
    Keywords: 551 ; rock avalanche ; lake impact ; lake sediments ; catchment response ; progressive slope failure ; recurrence rates ; prehistoric earthquake ; Fernpass rockslide cluster
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  • 6
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    A chronological and palaeoenvironmental re‐evaluation of two loess‐palaeosol records in the northern Harz foreland, Germany, based on innovative modelling tools (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-14
    Description: The continuing development of analytical methods for investigating sedimentary records calls for iterative re‐examination of existing data sets obtained on loess‐palaeosol sequences (LPS) as archives of palaeoenvironmental change. Here, we re‐investigate two LPS (Hecklingen, Zilly) in the northern Harz foreland, Germany, being of interest due to their proximity to the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) and the position between oceanic climatic influence further west and continental influence towards the east. First, we established new quartz OSL and polymineral IRSL chronologies. Both methods show concordant ages in the upper part of the Hecklingen profile (~20–40 ka), but in the lower part IRSL underestimates OSL ages by up to ~15 ka for the period 40–60 ka. Interpretations hence refer to the OSL data set. Second, we applied Bayesian age‐depth modelling to data sets from Hecklingen to resolve inversions in the original ages, also reducing averaged 1σ uncertainty by ~19% (OSL) and ~12% (IRSL). Modelled chronologies point out phases of increased (MIS 2, early MIS 3) and reduced (middle and late MIS 3) sedimentation, but interpretation of numerical rates is problematic because of intense erosion and slope wash particularly during MIS 3. Finally, previously obtained grain‐size data were re‐investigated by end member modelling analyses. Three fundamental grain‐size distributions (loadings) explain the measured data sets and offer information on intensity and – combined with modelled OSL ages – timing of geomorphic processes. We interpret the loadings to represent (i) primary loess accumulation, (ii) postdepositional pedogenesis and/or input of aeolian fine fractions, and (iii) input of coarse aeolian material and/or slope wash. The applied modelling tools facilitate detailed understanding of site‐formation through time, allowing us to correlate a strong peak in mean grain size at ~26–24 ka to the maximum extent of the SIS and increased influence of easterly winds.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; Harz foreland ; loess-palaeosol sequences ; luminescence ages ; Bayesian age-depth modelling ; sedimentation rates
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  • 7
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    Atmospheric and Oceanographic Signatures in the Ice Shelf Channel Morphology of Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, Inferred From Radar Data (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Ice shelves around Antarctica can provide back stress for outlet glaciers and control ice sheet mass loss. They often contain narrow bands of thin ice termed ice shelf channels. Ice shelf channel morphology can be interpreted through surface depressions and exhibits junctions and deflections from flowlines. Using ice flow modeling and radar, we investigate ice shelf channels in the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf. These are aligned obliquely to the prevailing easterly winds. In the shallow radar stratigraphy, syncline and anticline stacks occur beneath the upwind and downwind side, respectively. The structures are horizontally and vertically coherent, except near an ice shelf channel junction where patterns change structurally with depth. Deeper layers truncate near basal incisions. Using ice flow modeling, we show that the stratigraphy is ∼9 times more sensitive to atmospheric variability than to oceanic variability. This is due to the continual adjustment toward flotation. We propose that syncline‐anticline pairs in the shallow stratigraphy are caused by preferential snow deposition on the windward side and wind erosion at the downwind side. This drives downwind deflection of ice shelf channels of several meters per year. The depth variable structures indicate formation of an ice shelf channel junction by basal melting. We conclude that many ice shelf channels are seeded at the grounding line. Their morphology farther seaward is shaped on different length scales by ice dynamics, the ocean, and the atmosphere. These processes act on finer (subkilometer) scales than are captured by most ice, atmosphere, and ocean models, yet the dynamics of ice shelf channels may have broader implications for ice shelf stability.
    Description: Plain Language Summary Ice flows from Antarctica's interior toward the coast. At the contact point between ice and ocean, the ice becomes afloat and forms fast‐flowing ice shelves. Snowfall continuously accumulates at the ice shelf surface, and at the ice shelf bottom the relatively warm ocean water can melt ice from below. Ice shelves sometimes exhibit a network of surface depressions resembling a river network. At the base, the depressions are accompanied by large incisions termed ice shelf channels. Using radar as a tool for echolocation, we investigate how the shape of this network is formed. We find that snow preferentially collects in the upwind side of the surface depressions. This makes ice shelf channels move to the downwind side. We also find that ice shelf channels can form junctions through localized ocean melting. This is important because it helps us to better understand how the Antarctic ice sheet interacts with the surrounding ocean.
    Description: Key Points The radar stratigraphy in ice shelves is 9 times more sensitive to variability in snow deposition than to variability in basal melting Some ice shelf channels at Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf deflect from flowlines; the radar stratigraphy reflects related processes Variable snow deposition causes slow deflection, and basal melting can form ice shelf channel junctions far from the grounding line
    Description: InBev Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship
    Description: Belgian Science Policy Office http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002749
    Description: DFG Emmy Noether
    Description: Academy of Finland http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: “Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas”
    Description: Academy of Finnland
    Description: Belgium Science Policy Office
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: InBev Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship
    Keywords: 551 ; glaciology ; geophysics ; Antarctica ; ice shelves ; ice‐ocean interaction ; ice shelf channels
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  • 8
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    Sediment budgeting of short‐term backfilling processes: The erosional collapse of a Carolingian canal construction (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Sediment budgeting concepts serve as quantification tools to decipher the erosion and accumulation processes within a catchment and help to understand these relocation processes through time. While sediment budgets are widely used in geomorphological catchment‐based studies, such quantification approaches are rarely applied in geoarchaeological studies. The case of Charlemagne's summit canal (also known as Fossa Carolina) and its erosional collapse provides an example for which we can use this geomorphological concept and understand the abandonment of the Carolingian construction site. The Fossa Carolina is one of the largest hydro‐engineering projects in Medieval Europe. It is situated in Southern Franconia (48.9876°N, 10.9267°E; Bavaria, southern Germany) between the Altmühl and Swabian Rezat rivers. It should have bridged the Central European watershed and connected the Rhine–Main and Danube river systems. According to our dendrochronological analyses and historical sources, the excavation and construction of the Carolingian canal took place in AD 792 and 793. Contemporary written sources describe an intense backfill of excavated sediment in autumn AD 793. This short‐term erosion event has been proposed as the principal reason for the collapse and abandonment of the hydro‐engineering project. We use subsurface data (drillings, archaeological excavations, and direct‐push sensing) and geospatial data (a LiDAR digital terrain model (DTM), a pre‐modern DTM, and a 3D model of the Fossa Carolina] for the identification and sediment budgeting of the backfills. Dendrochronological findings and radiocarbon ages of macro remains within the backfills give clear evidence for the erosional collapse of the canal project during or directly after the construction period. Moreover, our quantification approach allows the detection of the major sedimentary collapse zone. The exceedance of the manpower tipping point may have caused the abandonment of the entire construction site. The spatial distribution of the dendrochronological results indicates a north–south direction of the early medieval construction progress. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: The sediment budgeting concept as erosion and accumulation quantification tool helps in understanding the abrupt backfilling of excavated material in the construction pit, which may have forced the abandonment of the Carolingian canal in southern Germany at the end of the year AD 793. The backfill sediments could be dated precisely through radiocarbon dating of macro remains and dendrochronology of excavated timbers. These timbers recovered in three different archaeological excavation trenches reveal a Carolingian construction progress from North to South.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; Sediment budgeting ; Geomorphological modelling ; Backfill processes ; Geoarchaeology ; Fossa Carolina ; Early Middle Ages ; South Germany
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  • 9
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    Bayesian Calibration and Validation of a Large‐Scale and Time‐Demanding Sediment Transport Model (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: This study suggests a stochastic Bayesian approach for calibrating and validating morphodynamic sediment transport models and for quantifying parametric uncertainties in order to alleviate limitations of conventional (manual, deterministic) calibration procedures. The applicability of our method is shown for a large‐scale (11.0 km) and time‐demanding (9.14 hr for the period 2002–2013) 2‐D morphodynamic sediment transport model of the Lower River Salzach and for three most sensitive input parameters (critical Shields parameter, grain roughness, and grain size distribution). Since Bayesian methods require a significant number of simulation runs, this work proposes to construct a surrogate model, here with the arbitrary polynomial chaos technique. The surrogate model is constructed from a limited set of runs (n=20) of the full complex sediment transport model. Then, Monte Carlo‐based techniques for Bayesian calibration are used with the surrogate model (105 realizations in 4 hr). The results demonstrate that following Bayesian principles and iterative Bayesian updating of the surrogate model (10 iterations) enables to identify the most probable ranges of the three calibration parameters. Model verification based on the maximum a posteriori parameter combination indicates that the surrogate model accurately replicates the morphodynamic behavior of the sediment transport model for both calibration (RMSE = 0.31 m) and validation (RMSE = 0.42 m). Furthermore, it is shown that the surrogate model is highly effective in lowering the total computational time for Bayesian calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis. As a whole, this provides more realistic calibration and validation of morphodynamic sediment transport models with quantified uncertainty in less time compared to conventional calibration procedures.
    Description: Key Points: We reduce a time‐demanding sediment transport model with a surrogate technique based on the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion (aPC). Bayesian model calibration and validation in a fraction of computational time compared to conventional (manual, deterministic) methods. We achieve a more realistic calibration, a more successful validation, and valuable information in the form of uncertainty intervals.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; sediment transport modeling ; Lower River Salzach ; surrogate model ; arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion ; uncertainty analysis ; Bayesian updating
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  • 10
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    Laufzeiten und Amplituden der Phasen SKS und SKKS und die Struktur des äußeren Erdkerns (2021)
    Selbstverlag
    In:  Autorenexemplar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Laufzeitdifferenz zwischen den beiden Kernphasen SKS und SKKS wird hauptsächlich durch die unterschiedlichen Laufwege im äußeren Kern bestimmt; bis zur Kern-Mantel-Grenze laufen sie durch gleiche bzw. ähnliche Bereiche im Mantel. Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen SKS und SKKS wurden in zwei Arbeiten zur Bestimmung der radialsymmetrischen Geschwindigkeitsstruktur des äußeren Kerns benutzt (HaIes & Roberts 1971, Kind & Müller 1977). In der Arbeit von Kind & Müller (1977) wurden aber vor allem die Amplitudenverhältnisse SKS/SKKS interpretiert und aus Abweichungen gegenüber bekannten Erdmodellen das Modell N20A für den äußeren Kern hergeleitet, das für den Tiefenbereich von 3600 - 4100 km eine Zone mit einer anomalen Geschwindigkeitsstruktur vorschlägt. lm Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit werden die damaligen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung der Struktur des äußeren Kerns mit Differenzlaufzeiten SKKS-SKS und Amplitudenverhältnissen SKS/SKKS an Hand von 10 neu zur Verfügung stehenden Beben überprüft. Dafür wurden die LP-Seismogramme von WWSSN-Registrierungen digitalisiert und in Radial- und Transversal-Komponenten rotiert.Mit diesen neuen Daten konnte ein radialsymmetrischer Aufbau des äußeren Erdkerns mit einer glatten Geschwindigkeitsstruktur, wie von Dziewonski & Anderson (1981) mit dem Modell PREM vorgeschlagen, bestätigt werden. Das radialsymmetrische Modell N20A konnte mit den neuen Daten nicht bestätigt werden. Lediglich für den Laufweg der SKSund SKKS-Strahlen von Tonga-Fidschi nach Amerika wurden anomale Differenzlaufzeiten und anomale Amplitudenverhältnisse gefunden. Die hier nur regional anomalen Daten können weder mit PREM noch mit anderen radialsymmetrischen Erdkernmodellen wie N20A erklärt werden, sondern sind als Effekte von lateralen Inhomogenitäten zu interpretieren. Einige überlegungen sprechen dafür, diese lateralen Inhomogenitäten im Mantel als Zonen mit einer erniedrigten seismischen Geschwindigkeit zu suchen. Neben diesen Untersuchungen mit S-Wellen wird gezeigt, daß N20A im Gegensatz zu PREM auch beobachtete P4KPab-Laufzeiten nicht bestätigen kann.
    Description: research
    Keywords: e-docs::Geophysik ; Seismologie ; seismische Geschwindigkeiten ; Erdkern ; Erdmantel ; laterale Inhomogenitäten ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 119
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  • 11
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    Macrofauna as a major driver of bentho‐pelagic exchange in the southern North Sea (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: The contribution of sediments to nutrient cycling of the coastal North Sea is strongly controlled by the intensity of fluxes across the sediment water interface. Pore‐water advection is one major exchange mechanism that is well described by models, as it is determined by physical parameters. In contrast, biotransport (i.e., bioirrigation, bioturbation) as the other major transport mechanism is much more complex. Observational data reflecting biotransport, from the German Bight for example, is scarce. We sampled the major sediment provinces of the German Bight repeatedly over the years from 2013 to 2019. By employing ex situ whole core incubations, we established the seasonal and spatial variability of macrofauna‐sustained benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients. A multivariate, partial least squares analysis identified faunal activity, in specifically bioturbation and bioirrigation, alongside temperature, as the most important drivers of oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Their combined effect explained 63% of the observed variability in oxygen fluxes, and 36–48% of variability in nutrient fluxes. Additional 10% of the observed variability of fluxes were explained by sediment type and the availability of plankton biomass. Based on our extrapolation by sediment provinces, we conclude that pore‐water advection and macrofaunal activity contributed equally to the total benthic oxygen uptake in the German Bight.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551 ; southern North Sea ; coastal sediments ; macrofauna ; bioturbation ; bioirrigation ; organic matter turnover
    Type: article
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  • 12
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    Segment‐Scale Seismicity of the Ultraslow Spreading Knipovich Ridge (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Ultraslow spreading ridges form the slowest divergent plate boundaries and exhibit distinct spreading processes in volcanically active magmatic sections and intervening amagmatic sections. Local seismicity studies of ultraslow spreading ridges until now cover only parts of segments and give insight into spreading processes at confined locations. Here, we present a microseismicity data set that allows to study spreading processes on the scale of entire segments. Our network of 26 ocean bottom seismometers covered around 160 km along axis of the ultraslow spreading Knipovich Ridge in the Greenland Sea and recorded earthquakes for a period of about 1 year. We find seismicity varying distinctly along‐axis. The maximum earthquake depths shallow over distances of 70 km toward the Logachev volcanic center. Here, swarm activity occurs in an otherwise aseismic zone. Melts may thus be guided along the subparallel topography of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary toward major volcanic centers explaining the uneven along‐axis melt distribution typical for ultraslow ridges. Absence of shallow seismicity in the upper 8 km of the lithosphere with a band of deep seismicity underneath offsets presumably melt‐poor regions from magma richer sections. Aseismic deformation in these regions may indicate weakening of mantle rocks by alteration. We do not find obvious indications for major detachment faulting that characterizes magma‐poor spreading at some ultraslow spreading segments. The highly oblique spreading of Knipovich Ridge may be the reason for a fine‐scale segmentation of the seismic activity with zones of weak seismicity possibly indicating transform motion on short obliquely oriented faults.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: At mid‐ocean spreading ridges, tectonic plates drift apart and new seafloor is built by upwelling magma. The slowest spreading ridges do not receive enough magma to build new seafloor along the entire ridge. Rather, they show widely spaced volcanic centers with magma‐poor areas in‐between. The study of small earthquakes with seismometers placed on the seafloor has greatly helped to understand how new seafloor forms. Since such studies require substantial logistic effort, only confined ridge sections have been studied and spreading processes operating at segment‐scale remain poorly understood. In this study, we present for the first time observations of earthquakes covering several segments and one major volcanic center along the Knipovich Ridge in the Greenland Sea. Underneath the volcano, earthquake swarms and a gap in seismicity indicate recent magmatic activity. The maximum depth of earthquakes marks the thickness of the mechanically strong lithosphere. It shallows over 70 km toward the volcano such that melts can be channeled over large distances to the prominent volcanoes. Magma‐poor regions have deep earthquakes but do not show earthquake activity in the upper 8 km. We suppose that water reacts with the mantle rocks that become too weak to break in earthquakes.
    Description: Key Points: Magma‐poor sections are distinguished from magma‐rich sections by deeper hypocenters and an absence of shallow seismicity. Shallowing maximum earthquake depths over distances of 70 km suggest along‐axis melt focusing toward major volcanic centers. Major detachment faults on the highly oblique spreading Knipovich Ridge were not obvious in the observed seismicity.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Helmholtz Excellence Network POSY at the Alfred Wegener Institute
    Description: Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland
    Keywords: 551 ; amagmatic ; Knipovich Ridge ; mid‐ocean ridge ; segmentation ; seismicity ; ultraslow spreading
    Type: article
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  • 13
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    Räumliche ingenieurgeologische Modellierung im Stadtgebiet von Göttingen (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-27
    Description: In städtischen Räumen erhobene geologische, hydrogeologische und ingenieurgeologische Punkt- und Flächendaten werden meist dezentral verwaltet. Erst durch das Überführen der unterschiedlichen Punkt- und Flächendaten in ein Raummodell wird eine integrierende Auswertung möglich. Ein solches Raummodell des städtischen Untergrundes kann als Datenbasis für umfassende geowissenschaftliche Planungsunterlagen dienen, die ein Themenspektrum von der Baugrunderschließung, Grundwasser- und Altlastenerkundung bis hin zur flachen Geothermie abdecken. In einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Universität Göttingen (GZG) und dem Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) werden am Beispiel des mitteltiefen Untergrundes im Göttinger Stadtgebiet neue Methoden zum Aufbau geologisch/ingenieurgeologischer Raummodelle untersucht. Die bisher entwickelten Konzepte umfassen das einheitliche Aufbereiten von Punkt- und Flächendaten sowie die Definition ingenieurgeologischer Modellierungseinheiten. Aufbereitete Daten und 2D-Schnittdarstellungen dieser Modellierungseinheiten wurden in einem Pilotgebiet mit der Software Gocad in das eigentliche geologische Raummodell und modelltechnisch beschreibbare Basisflächen der Modellierungseinheiten überführt.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: conferencePaper
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  • 14
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    Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mensch und Umwelt – Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft im Braunschweiger Land und seinem Umfeld (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-10
    Description: Die einzelnen Arbeiten in diesem Heft resultieren aus den Beiträgen zu einem wissenschaftlichen Workshop, der am 14. und 15. September 2017 in Schöningen und Helmstedt stattgefunden hat. Er stand unter dem Thema „Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mensch und Umwelt – Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft im Braunschweiger Land und seinem Umfeld“. Die einzelnen Beiträge diskutieren Forschungsergebnisse und -potentiale aus den Themengebieten Geologie, Archäologie und Mensch und Natur. Es wird eine große Vielfalt von spannenden Themen vorgestellt, zu denen aktuell im Braunschweiger Land und seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung geforscht wird, und aus denen sich weitergehende Perspektiven entwickeln lassen.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 508.43 ; 554.3 ; Braunschweiger Land ; Harz ; Geologie ; Archäologie ; Mensch und Natur ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_first
    Format: 180
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  • 15
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 73 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2018 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Diskussionspapier | „Zum Stand der Geogesellschaften“), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; GMIT ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 104
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  • 16
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 76 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2019 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Sie brennen noch immer! Spontane unkontrollierte unterirdische Kohleflözbrände als gesellschaftlich relevante Aufgabe und wissenschaftliche Herausforderung für die Angewandte Geophysik), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 132
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  • 17
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 81 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2020 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Herausforderungen der universitären Ausbildung in den Erdsystemwissenschaften in Deutschland – Ein Diskussionspapier), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 88
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  • 18
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    Crystal structure of a calcium(II)–pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) complex outside a protein environment (2021)
    5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-14
    Description: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an important cofactor of calcium‐ and lanthanide‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, and has been known for over 30 years. Crystal structures of Ca–MDH enzymes (MDH is methanol dehydrogenase) have been known for some time; however, crystal structures of PQQ with biorelevant metal ions have been lacking in the literature for decades. We report here the first crystal structure analysis of a Ca–PQQ complex outside the protein environment, namely, poly[[undecaaquabis(μ‐4,5‐dioxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐f]quinoline‐2,7,9‐tricarboxylato)tricalcium(II)] dihydrate], {[Ca3(C14H3N2O8)2(H2O)11]·2H2O}n. The complex crystallized as Ca3PQQ2·13H2O with Ca2+ in three different positions and PQQ3−, including an extensive hydrogen‐bond network. Similarities and differences to the recently reported structure with biorelevant europium (Eu2PQQ2) are discussed.
    Description: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an important cofactor of calcium‐ and lanthanide‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. The crystal structure of a Ca–PQQ complex (Ca3PQQ2·13H2O) is reported for the first time outside a protein environment. image
    Description: research
    Keywords: 548 ; pyrroloquinoline quinone ; calcium ; PQQ ; methanol dehydrogenase ; crystal structure ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 19
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 47 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2012 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Rohstoffe, die Basis unseres Wohlstandes ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 79
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  • 20
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 45 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2011 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Creeping disasters als Folge schleichender Umweltveränderungen? – ein Konzeptvorschlag), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 83
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  • 21
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 63 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2016 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Die an GMIT beteiligten Gesellschaften und Verbände stellen sich vor), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 116
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  • 22
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 48 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2012 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Der Geotektonische Atlas von Niedersachsen und dem deutschen Nordseesektor als geologisches 3D-Modell), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 87
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  • 23
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 49 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2012 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Marine mineralische Rohstoffe: Anreicherungsprozesse und wirtschaftliches Potenzial ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 76
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  • 24
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 51 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2013 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Schiefergas – Potenzial in Deutschland ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 105
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  • 25
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 61 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2015 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Sozioökonomische Risiken von Rutschungen: Ein Fokusthema gesellschaftsrelevanter Geoforschung), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 93
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  • 26
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 52 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2013 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Salzwasserintrusion – Gefahr für unser Trinkwasser?), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 83
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  • 27
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 50 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2012 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Sind die Geowissenschaften im Anthropozän angekommen? ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 101
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  • 28
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 54 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2013 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Alfred Wegener – einhundert Jahre Mobilismus), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 103
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  • 29
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    Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: This review paper considers offshore freshened groundwater (OFG), which is water hosted in sediments and rocks below the seafloor, with a total dissolved solid concentration lower than seawater. We have compiled 〉300 records to demonstrate that freshened groundwater occurs offshore on most continents around the world and has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3. The majority of OFG was deposited when sea level was lower than today and is hosted in sandy sub‐seafloor layers that are located within 55 km of coasts in water depths less than 100 m. We present a range of geochemical, geophysical, and modeling approaches that have successfully been used to investigate OFG systems. We also propose approaches to address key scientific questions related to OFG, including whether it may be used as an unconventional source of potable water in coastal areas.
    Description: Key Points: Most known OFG is located at water depths of 〈100 m within 55 km of the coast, hosted in siliciclastic aquifers in passive margins. Key gaps in knowledge include the extent and function of OFG systems, as well as the mechanism and timing of emplacement. Isotopic tracers, jointly inverted geophysical data and 3‐D hydrological models can help address these knowledge gaps.
    Description: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: 551 ; offshore freshened groundwater ; continental margin ; marine hydrogeology ; geochemistry ; geophysics ; modeling
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    Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part I: Reconstruction of the paleolake and Effects of the Impact (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Rock avalanches destroy and reshape landscapes in only a few minutes and are among the most hazardous processes on Earth. The surface morphology of rock avalanche deposits and the interaction with the underlying material are crucial for runout properties and reach. Water within the travel path is displaced, producing large impact waves and reducing friction, leading to long runouts. We hypothesize that the 0.2 km3 Holocene Eibsee rock avalanche from Mount Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps overran and destroyed Paleolake Eibsee and left a unique sedimentological legacy of processes active during the landslide. We captured 9.5 km of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles across the rock avalanche deposits, with up to 120 m penetration depth and more than 34 000 datum points. The ERT profiles reveal up to ~50 m thick landslide debris, locally covering up to ~30 m of rock debris with entrained fine‐grained sediments on top of isolated remnants of decametre‐wide paleolake sediments. The ERT profiles allow us to infer processes involved in the interaction of the rock avalanche with bedrock, lake sediments, and morainal sediments, including shearing, bulging, and bulldozing. Complementary data from drilling, a gravel pit exposure, laboratory tests, and geomorphic features were used for ERT calibration. Sediments overrun by the rock avalanche show water‐escape structures. Based on all of these datasets, we reconstructed both position and size of the paleolake prior to the catastrophic event. Our reconstruction of the event contributes to process an understanding of the rock avalanche and future modelling and hazard assessment. Here we show how integrated geomorphic, geophysical, and sedimentological approaches can provide detailed insights into the impact of a rock avalanche on a lake. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: The Eibsee rock avalanche detached from Mount Zugspitze and impacted and destroyed Paleolake Eibsee. Paleolake Eibsee was larger than modern Lake Eibsee; the rock avalanche deposit covers the northern half of the paleolake. The complementary application of geomorphology, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and sedimentology allows for ERT calibration at seven different sites, where materials (rock avalanche, bedrock, lake clay, mixed sediments) and effects of the impact (bulldozing, bulging, overriding of secondary lobes, splashing of boulders) can be distinguished.
    Description: Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes e.V. (German National Academic Foundation): http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004350
    Keywords: 551 ; rock avalanche ; runout ; lake impact ; paleolake reconstruction ; ERT calibration ; water‐escape structures ; Northern Calcareous Alps ; Eibsee ; Zugspitze
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    Storm Event–Driven Occurrence and Transport of Dissolved and Sorbed Organic Micropollutants and Associated Effects in the Ammer River, Southwestern Germany (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Storm events lead to agricultural and urban runoff, to mobilization of contaminated particulate matter, and to input from combined sewer overflows into rivers. We conducted time‐resolved sampling during a storm event at the Ammer River, southwest Germany, which is representative of small river systems in densely populated areas with a temperate climate. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and water from 2 sampling sites were separately analyzed by a multi‐analyte liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for 97 environmentally relevant organic micropollutants and with 2 in vitro bioassays. Oxidative stress response (AREc32) may become activated by various stressors covering a broad range of physicochemical properties and induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor–chemical‐activated luciferase gene expression (AhR‐CALUX) by hydrophobic compounds such as dioxins and dioxin‐like molecules. Compound numbers, concentrations, their mass fluxes, and associated effect fluxes increased substantially during the storm event. Micropollutants detected in water and on SPM pointed toward inputs from combined sewer overflow (e.g., caffeine, paracetamol), urban runoff (e.g., mecoprop, terbutryn), and agricultural areas (e.g., azoxystrobin, bentazone). Particle‐facilitated transport of triphenylphosphate and tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate accounted for up to 34 and 33% of the total mass flux even though SPM concentrations were 〈1 g L–1. Effect fluxes attributed to SPM were similar or higher than in the water phase. The important role of SPM‐bound transport emphasizes the need to consider not only concentrations but also mass and effect fluxes for surface water quality assessment and wastewater/stormwater treatment options. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:88–99. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; Storm event ; Organic micropollutants ; Chemical analysis ; In vitro bioassays ; Water quality
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    Deformation Memory in the Lithosphere: A Comparison of Damage‐dependent Weakening and Grain‐Size Sensitive Rheologies (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Strain localization in the lithosphere and the formation, evolution, and maintenance of resulting plate boundaries play a crucial role in plate tectonics and thermo‐chemical mantle convection. Previously activated lithospheric deformation zones often appear to maintain a “memory” of weakening, leading to tectonic inheritance within plate reorganizations including the Wilson cycle. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain such strain localization, but it remains unclear which operates on what spatio‐temporal scales, and how to best incorporate them in large‐scale mantle convection models. Here, we analyze two candidates, (1), grain‐size sensitive rheology and, (2), damage‐style parameterizations of yield, stress which are sometimes used to approximate the former. Grain‐size reduction due to dynamic recrystallization can drive localization in the ductile domain, and grain growth provides a time‐dependent rheological hardening component potentially enabling the preservation of rheological heterogeneities. We compare the dynamic weakening and hardening effects as well as the timescales of strength evolution for a composite rheology including grain‐size dynamics with a pseudo‐plastic rheology including damage‐ (or “strain”‐) dependent weakening. We explore the implications of different proposed grain‐size evolution laws, and test to which extent strain‐dependent rheologies can mimic the weakening and hardening effects of the more complex micro‐physical behavior. Such an analysis helps to better understand the parallels and differences between various strain‐localization modeling approaches used in different tectonics and geodynamics communities. More importantly, our results contribute to efforts to identify the key ingredients of strain‐localization and damage hysteresis within plate tectonics and how to represent those in planetary‐scale modeling.
    Description: Key Points: Comparative analysis of strain localization and damage memory for grain‐size dependent and strain/damage parameterized rheologies. Identification of key ingredients of strain localization and damage hysteresis and how to represent those in planetary‐scale modeling. Plastic strain softening enables hysteresis with a memory duration similar to grain growth at lithospheric temperature conditions.
    Keywords: 551 ; damage memory ; grain‐size evolution ; strain‐dependent weakening ; strain localization
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    Multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning point clouds for thaw subsidence observation at Arctic permafrost monitoring sites (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: This paper investigates different methods for quantifying thaw subsidence using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Thaw subsidence is a slow (millimetre to centimetre per year) vertical displacement of the ground surface common in ice‐rich permafrost‐underlain landscapes. It is difficult to quantify thaw subsidence in tundra areas as they often lack stable reference frames. Also, there is no solid ground surface to serve as a basis for elevation measurements, due to a continuous moss–lichen cover. We investigate how an expert‐driven method improves the accuracy of benchmark measurements at discrete locations within two sites using multitemporal TLS data of a 1‐year period. Our method aggregates multiple experts’ determination of the ground surface in 3D point clouds, collected in a web‐based tool. We then compare this to the performance of a fully automated ground surface determination method. Lastly, we quantify ground surface displacement by directly computing multitemporal point cloud distances, thereby extending thaw subsidence observation to an area‐based assessment. Using the expert‐driven quantification as reference, we validate the other methods, including in‐situ benchmark measurements from a conventional field survey. This study demonstrates that quantifying the ground surface using 3D point clouds is more accurate than the field survey method. The expert‐driven method achieves an accuracy of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm. Compared to this, in‐situ benchmark measurements by single surveyors yield an accuracy of 0.4 ± 1.5 cm. This difference between the two methods is important, considering an observed displacement of 1.4 cm at the sites. Thaw subsidence quantification with the fully automatic benchmark‐based method achieves an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.5 cm and direct point cloud distance computation an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.9 cm. The range in accuracy is largely influenced by properties of vegetation structure at locations within the sites. The developed methods enable a link of automated quantification and expert judgement for transparent long‐term monitoring of permafrost subsidence. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: This paper investigates methods using terrestrial laser scanning point clouds for quantifying thaw subsidence in permafrost‐underlain tundra fully automatically and by including information collected from expert analysts. Results of the developed methods achieve higher accuracies compared to manual in‐situ measurements, which are found to vary from reference measurements in the magnitude of the actual ground surface displacement observed in a 1‐year period. A link of automated quantification and expert judgement can enable transparent long‐term monitoring of thaw subsidence.
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) and German Aerospace Center (DLR)
    Description: Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences, University of Heidelberg http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003801
    Description: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Germany http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002765
    Keywords: 551 ; change analysis ; 3D geoinformation ; ground surface displacement ; permafrost monitoring ; multitemporal LiDAR
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    Long‐Period Astronomical Forcing of Westerlies' Strength in Central Asia During Miocene Climate Cooling (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The continental expression of global cooling during the Miocene Climate Transition in Central Asia is poorly documented, as the tectonically active setting complicates the correlation of Neogene regional and global climatic developments. This study presents new geochemical data (CaSO4 content, carbonate δ13C and δ18O) from the endorheic alluvial‐lacustrine Aktau succession (Ili Basin, south‐east Kazakhstan) combined with findings from the previously published facies evolution. Time series analysis revealed long‐eccentricity forcing of the paleohydrology throughout the entire succession, split into several facies‐dependent segments. Orbital tuning, constrained by new laser ablation U‐Pb dates and a preexisting magnetostratigraphy, places the succession in a 5.0 Ma long interval in the middle to late Miocene (15.6 to 10.6 Ma). The long‐term water accumulation in the Ili Basin followed the timing of the Miocene Climate Transition, suggesting increased precipitation in the catchment area in response to climate cooling and stronger westerly winds. This was paced by minima of the 2.4 Ma eccentricity cycle, which favored the establishment of a discharge playa (~14.3 Ma) and a perennial lake (12.6 to 11.8 Ma). Furthermore, low obliquity amplitudes (nodes) caused a transient weakening of the westerlies at ~13.7 to 13.5 Ma and at ~12.7 Ma, resulting in negative hydrological budgets and salinization. Flooding of the windward Ili Basin coeval with aridification in the leeward basins suggests that the Tian Shan was a climate boundary already in the middle Miocene. Our results emphasize the impact of climate fluctuations on the westerlies' strength and thus on Central Asian hydrology.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The global climate changed from an exceptional warm to a colder state in the middle Miocene epoch, representing a milestone in the evolution of today's climate. This study focuses on the, so far fragmentary, understanding of the Central Asian climate response to this global climate transition by investigating deposits of a former (salt) lake in the Ili Basin, southeast Kazakhstan. Regular sediment alternations represent cycles of low and high water level, overprinted by a long‐term lake expansion. Time series analysis of climate sensitive geochemical and environmental parameters, together with the determination of absolute rock ages, enabled the identification of sedimentary cycles (405 ka and 1.2 Ma long), which are equivalent to climate influencing variations of the Earth's orbit and tilt angle. We conclude that water level maxima are linked to periods of low seasonal climate differences reoccurring every 405 ka. The lake expansion is caused by more precipitation due to strengthened westerly winds, in response to global cooling. Westerly winds were transiently weakened during periods of low variability of the Earth's tilt angle, promoting high evaporation and salinization. Our results emphasize the impact of climate change on the westerlies' strength and thus on Central Asian moisture supply.
    Description: Key Points: The endorheic Miocene Ili Basin features orbital control of its hydrological budget by long eccentricity and obliquity amplitude modulation. Obliquity amplitude modulation affected the westerlies' strength during the Miocene Climate Transition. The Miocene global cooling led to strengthening of the westerlies reflected by groundwater accumulation and lake expansion in the Ili Basin.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; orbital forcing ; continental climate ; Central Asia ; Miocene cooling ; integrated stratigraphy
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    Urban water systems under climate stress: An isotopic perspective from Berlin, Germany (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Large urban areas are typically characterized by a mosaic of different land uses, with contrasting mixes of impermeable and permeable surfaces that alter “green” and “blue” water flux partitioning. Understanding water partitioning in such heterogeneous environments is challenging but crucial for maintaining a sustainable water management during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Stable isotopes in water have outstanding potential to trace the partitioning of rainfall along different flow paths and identify surface water sources. While isotope studies are an established method in many experimental catchments, surprisingly few studies have been conducted in urban environments. Here, we performed synoptic sampling of isotopes in precipitation, surface water and groundwater across the complex city landscape of Berlin, Germany, for a large ‐scale overview of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of urban water cycling. By integrating stable isotopes of water with other hydrogeochemical tracers we were able to identify contributions of groundwater, surface runoff during storm events and effluent discharge on streams with variable degrees of urbanization. We could also assess the influence of summer evaporation on the larger Spree and Havel rivers and local wetlands during the exceptionally warm and dry summers of 2018 and 2019. Our results demonstrate that using stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data in urban areas has great potential to improve our understanding of water partitioning in complex, anthropogenically‐affected landscapes. This can help to address research priorities needed to tackle future challenges in cities, including the deterioration of water quality and increasing water scarcity driven by climate warming, by improving the understanding of time‐variant rainfall‐runoff behaviour of urban streams, incorporating field data into ecohydrological models, and better quantifying urban evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
    Description: Seasonal isotope and hydrogeochemical dynamics of surface‐ and groundwater in a large urban area following the dry summer of 2018, which was characterized by a temperature anomaly and precipitation deficit.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; ecohydrology ; hydrogeochemistry ; isotopes ; tracers ; urban green spaces ; urban hydrology
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    A new concept for estimating the influence of vegetation on throughfall kinetic energy using aerial laser scanning (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Soil loss caused by erosion has enormous economic and social impacts. Splash effects of rainfall are an important driver of erosion processes; however, effects of vegetation on splash erosion are still not fully understood. Splash erosion processes under vegetation are investigated by means of throughfall kinetic energy (TKE). Previous studies on TKE utilized a heterogeneous set of plant and canopy parameters to assess vegetation's influence on erosion by rain splash but remained on individual plant‐ or plot‐levels. In the present study we developed a method for the area‐wide estimation of the influence of vegetation on TKE using remote sensing methods. In a literature review we identified key vegetation variables influencing splash erosion and developed a conceptual model to describe the interaction of vegetation and raindrops. Our model considers both amplifying and protecting effect of vegetation layers according to their height above the ground and aggregates them into a new indicator: the Vegetation Splash Factor (VSF). It is based on the proportional contribution of drips per layer, which can be calculated via the vegetation cover profile from airborne LiDAR datasets. In a case study, we calculated the VSF using a LiDAR dataset for La Campana National Park in central Chile. The studied catchment comprises a heterogeneous mosaic of vegetation layer combinations and types and is hence well suited to test the approach. We calculated a VSF map showing the relation between vegetation structure and its expected influence on TKE. Mean VSF was 1.42, indicating amplifying overall effect of vegetation on TKE that was present in 81% of the area. Values below 1 indicating a protective effect were calculated for 19% of the area. For future work, we recommend refining the weighting factor by calibration to local conditions using field‐reference data and comparing the VSF with TKE field measurements. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: The Vegetation Splash Factor maps the amplification or reduction of rain‐fall kinetic energy based on the three‐dimensional vegetation structure. The presented approach allows the area‐wide application based on aerial lidar point clouds and can improve the representation of vegetation in erosion models. This study features a literature review and a case study documenting the development of the new approach.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; splash erosion ; throughfall kinetic energy ; remote sensing ; LiDAR ; Vegetation Splash Factor
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    [Neue Nr. 4332] Harzgerode / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4332;KART H 140:Harzgerode
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften ), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    [Neue Nr. 4423] Ödelsheim / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4423;KART H 140:Ödelsheim
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 027 10 - E 027 20 / N 051 36 - N 051 30
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 912 ; Geologische Karte ; Ödelsheim ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    [Neue Nr. 4442] Mockrehna / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4442;KART H 140:Mockrehna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 030 20 - E 030 30 / N 051 36 - N 051 30
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Mockrehna ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    [Neue Nr. 3930] Hessen / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:3930;KART H 140:Hessen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 028 20 - E 028 30 / N 052 06 - N 052 00
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Hessen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    [Neue Nr. 4539] Zwochau / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4539; KART H 140:Zwochau
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 029 50 - E 030 0 / N 051 30 - N 051 24
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 912 ; Geologische Karte ; Zwochau ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    Kreidesandsteine auf der Lausitz (Sachsen): Hinweise zu Paläogeographie und Inversionstektonik. (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Abstract: Cretaceous sandstones occur in western Lusatia as erosional relicts through mainly as pebbles and large blocks in Cenozoic river gravels. The exposed Weißig-Schullwitz Cretaceous sandstones northeast of the Lusatian thrust fault in Dresden, the Cretaceous sediments in tectonic wedges directly in the fault zone, as well as numerous Cretaceous sandstone components in the “Senftenberg” and “Bautzen Elbe river courses” have shallow marine origins based on their lithology (quartz sandstones with abundant white mica flakes) and their fossil content (mainly different bivalves, also gastropods, serpulids and sea urchins), and dated to Late Cenomanian times. As Upper Cenomanian deposits in the Saxonian and Bohemian Switzerland (Czech Republic) are still covered by 100–450 m thick Turonian to Lower Coniacian quartz sandstones, it can be assumed that the pebbles and blocks of the fluvial sediments come from an originally widespread Cenomanian sandstone cover of the western Lusatian Massif between the Lusatian thrust fault and the Lusatian normal fault. Due to the large similarities in bio- and lithofacies as well as thickness of all Lusatian Cretaceous sandstones with the Unterquader of the Oberhäslich Formation and the sandy, carbonate-free Dölzschen Formation of the Osterzgebirge, a significant tectonic inversion of western Lusatia already in the Cenomanian is unlikely. Western Lusatia and Osterzgebirge are related to the tectonically stable North German shelf area, which was eustatically flooded in the course of the rising Cenomanian sea level. Based on the fact that Upper Cenomanian strata of both deposition areas directly transgressed on Lusatian two-mica granodiorite and Erzgebirge gneisses, the exhumation of the Proterozoic basement must be older than 100 million years. Due to a proposed exhumation age between 85–50 million years for the entire Lusatia, the data, which has been already obtained by various authors, need only to be harmonized for the western Lusatia, if a 2–3 km thick cover of Upper Cretaceous sediments could be assumed.The inversionrelated deformation at the southwestern margin of Lusatia and the simultaneous subsidence of the Elbe depression took place at the earliest during Mid-Coniacian age since between Meißen and Bad Schandau Lower Coniacian (younger than 88 million years) was faulted.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: Kreidesandsteine kommen auf der westlichen Lausitz als Erosionsrelikte, hauptsächlich jedoch als Gerölle und große Blöcke in känozoischen Flussschottern vor. Sowohl die anstehenden Weißig-Schullwitzer Kreidesandsteine nordöstlich der Lausitzer Überschiebung in Dresden, kretazische Sedimente in tektonischen Keilen direkt in der Störungszone, wie auch die zahlreichen Kreidesandstein-Komponenten in den „Senftenberger“ und „Bautzener Elbeläufen“ sind flachmarine Bildungen, die anhand ihrer Lithologie (Quarzsandsteine mit reichlich Hellglimmer) und ihrer Fossilien (überwiegend verschiedenartige Muscheln, auch Schnecken, Serpuliden und Seeigel) in das Obercenomanium gestellt werden. Da obercenomane Ablagerungen in der Sächsischen und Böhmischen Schweiz (Tschechische Republik) flächendeckend heute noch von 100–450 m mächtigen turon- bis unterconiaczeitigen Quarzsandsteinen überdeckt werden, ist davon auszugehen, dass die Gerölle und Blöcke in den fluviatilen Sedimenten einer ursprünglich noch weit auf die westliche Lausitz hinaufreichenden, flächenhaft verbreiteten sandigen Kreide-Bedeckung zwischen Lausitzer Überschiebung und Lausitzer Hauptabbruch entstammen. Aufgrund der großen bio- und lithofaziellen Ähnlichkeit sowie Mächtigkeit aller Lausitzer Kreidesandsteine mit dem Unterquader der Oberhäslich-Formation und der sandigen, karbonatfreien Dölzschen-Formation auf dem Osterzgebirge ist von einer merklichen inversionstektonischen Hebung der westlichen Lausitz bereits im Cenomanium nicht auszugehen. Westliche Lausitz und Osterzgebirge gehörten zum tektonisch stabilen norddeutschen Schelfgebiet, das im Zuge des steigenden cenomanen Meeresspiegels eustatisch geflutet wurde. Das Obercenomanium beider Ablagerungsräume transgredierte direkt auf Lausitzer Zweiglimmergranodiorit und erzgebirgische Gneise, so muss die Exhumierung der proterozoischen Grundgebirgseinheiten älter als 100 Mio. Jahre sein. Da für die gesamte Lausitz bisher von einem Exhumierungsalter von 85–50 Mio. Jahren ausgegangen wird, sind die für die westliche Lausitz ermittelten Daten verschiedener Bearbeiter nur zu harmonisieren, wenn von einer nachträglichen 2–3 km mächtigen Bedeckung mit Oberkreide-Sedimenten ausgegangen werden könnte. Die inversionsbedingte Deformation am Südwest-Rand der Lausitz bei gleichzeitiger Subsidenz der Elbe-Senke erfolgte gleichermaßen erst frühestens mit dem Mittelconiacium (jünger als 88 Mio. Jahre), da von Meißen bis Bad Schandau Unterconiacium überschoben wurde.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 554 ; Sachsen ; Cenomanium ; Paläogeographie ; Inversionstektonik ; Lausitz ; Reliktvorkommen ; Paläo-Elbe ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    [Neue Nr. 3929] Hornburg / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:3929; KART H 140:Hornburg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 028 10 - E 028 20 / N 052 06 - N 052 00
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Hornburg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 42
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    Ingenieurgeologische Modellierung und Ansätze für die Zuordnung von Eigenschaften am Beispiel der Stadt Göttingen (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-27
    Description: In urbanen Räumen werden zahlreiche geologische, hydrogeologische und ingenieurgeologische Punkt- und Flächendaten unabhängig voneinander erhoben und in verschiedenen Archivierungssystemen dezentral abgelegt. In der Regel unterbleibt es, diese Daten integriert auszuwerten oder auch nur allgemein verfügbar zu machen. Eine räumliche geologische Darstellung des städtischen Untergrundes enthält und verknüpft unterschiedlichste Punkt- sowie Flächendaten (Bohrungen, Kartierungen, Profilschnitte etc.) und kann als Datenbasis dienen, aus der sich ingenieurgeologische und hydrogeologische Modelle sowie virtuelle Bohrungen und Profile entwickeln lassen. Das Spektrum der Themen für deren Bearbeitung solche umfassenden geowissenschaftlichen Planungsunterlagen benötigt werden, erweitert sich kontinuierlich. Die klassischen Themen der Baugrunderschließung und Grundwasser- sowie Altlastenerkundung werden flankiert von neuen Fragestellungen wie Regenwasserversickerung, Hochwasserschutz und flacher Geothermie. In einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Universität Göttingen (GZG) und dem Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) – mit Unterstützung des Fachdienstes Umwelt der Stadt Göttingen sowie der städtischen Eigenbetriebe Stadtentwässerung, Stadtwerke und Stadtreinigung – werden neue Methoden zum Aufbau geologischer/ingenieurgeologischer Raummodelle entwickelt. Das exemplarisch gewählte Arbeitsgebiet liegt in Südniedersachsen und umfasst einen Großteil des Göttinger Stadtgebietes. Modelliert wird die Verbreitung der quartären Lockergesteine des mitteltiefen Untergrundes. Die bisher entwickelten Konzepte umfassen das einheitliche DV-gerechte Aufbereiten von Punkt- und Flächendaten sowie die Definition geologischer/ingenieurgeologischer Modellierungseinheiten. Aufbereitete Daten und 2D-Schnittdarstellungen dieser Modellierungseinheiten wurden in einem Pilotgebiet mit der Software Gocad in das eigentliche geologische Raummodell und modelltechnisch beschreibbare Basisflächen der Modellierungseinheiten überführt. Soll das 3D-Modell als umfassende geowissenschaftliche Planungsunterlage nutzbar sein, müssen Modellierungseinheiten mit bodenphysikalischen und bodenmechanischen Kennwerten, Angaben zu Baugrundeigenschaften etc. attributiert werden. Im Rahmen des Projektes wird eine Vorgehensweise erarbeitet, die auf der Basis der verfügbaren bodenphysikalischen und bodenmechanischen Daten eine Attributierung bzw. Klassifizierung der Lockergesteinskörper nach dem System der Ingenieurgeologischen Karte 1:50.000 (IGK 50) von Niedersachsen ermöglicht. Jede Modellierungseinheit wird stratigraphisch, petrographisch sowie genetisch beschrieben und Bodengruppen nach DIN 18196 sowie Bodenklassen nach DIN 18300 zugeordnet. Modellierungseinheiten sind somit hinsichtlich der charakteristischen bautechnischen Eigenschaften (z.B. Verdichtungsfähigkeit, Frostempfindlichkeit, Wasserdurchlässigkeit) und der Gewinnbarkeit/Lösbarkeit eindeutig bewertbar.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    Ingenieurgeologisches 3D-Modell der Stadt Göttingen - Vom geologischen zum Parametermodell (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-27
    Description: Dieser Beitrag erweitert die, in Fritz, J. (2007) vorgestellten Arbeiten im Rahmen eines Kooperationsprojektes zwischen dem Niedersächsischen Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie sowie der Abteilung Angewandte Geologie der Universität Göttingen. Ziel ist die Erstellung eines ingenieurgeologischen 3D-Modells der Stadt Göttingen auf Grundlage einer großen Anzahl von Bohrungen, zahlreicher, ingenieurgeologischer Kartierungen und anderer, relevanter Geodaten. Mit dem, im Rahmen des Projektes mit dem Modellsystem GoCAD erstellten, geologischen 3D-Modell wurde die Basis für die Parametrisierung der modellierten Einheiten geschaffen. Die Abgrenzung der Einheiten beruht dabei auf einem stratigrafisch-faziell begründeten, geologischen Modell und unterscheidet damit bereits indirekt Regionen mit zu erwartenden, ähnlichen, ingenieurgeologischen Eigenschaften. Um die Varianz innerhalb der einzelnen Modelleinheiten zu berücksichtigen und der Herausforderung durch die Heterogenität in Qualität und Quantität der zugrunde liegenden, ingeniergeologisch relevanten Daten zu begegnen, sind geostatistische Methoden heranzuziehen. Mit ihnen lassen sich sowohl kontinuierliche (z.B. Konsistengrenzen) als auch kategoriale (z.B. Bodentypen) Daten behandeln. Aufgrund der ungleichen und sporadischen Verteilung von Stützpunkten mit gemessenen ingenieurgeologischen Parametern wurde in einem ersten Schritt ein Clustermodell auf Basis der petrographischen Bohrbeschreibungen (SEP3-Format) unter Verwendung der bautechnischen Bodenklassifizierung nach DIN 18196 entwickelt. So steht C1 für grobkörnige Böden, während organischen Böden C5 zugeordnet sind. C1-2 steht zwischen C1 und C2. Das resultierende, räumliche Verteilungsmuster der Cluster stellt somit (1) eine erste ingenieurgeologische Charakterisierung des Untergrundes dar sowie (2) einen Ansatz zur Modellierung der räumlichen Verteilung tatsächlich gemessener, ingenieurgeologischer Parameter. Der Clusterdatensatz basiert auf äquidistanter Abfrage (0.5 m) der petrografischen Beschreibung jeder Bohrung.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    3D-Baugrundmodell der quartären Sediment des Leinetals bei Göttingen (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-27
    Description: Qualitativ hochwertige geowissenschaftliche Informationen zum Untergrund erhalten in der geotechnischen und planerischen Praxis zunehmende Bedeutung. Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung und Nutzung des Untergrundes erfordert, dass bereits im Stadium der Planung von Infrastrukturprojekten umfassende Informationen für Kosten-/Nutzen-/Risiko-Analysen bereitgestellt werden. Möglichkeiten zur Datenhaltung, Visualisierung und Parametrisierung werden am Beispiel des 3D-Baugrundmodells des quartären Untergrundes der Stadt Göttingen vorgestellt. Grundlage der dreidimensionalen Darstellung sind mehr als 3000 Bohrungen sowie geologische, bodenkundliche und geomorphologische Kartenwerke. Das entwickelte 3D-Baugrundmodell verdeutlicht den geologisch-komplexen Aufbau des quartären Untergrundes, der durch die quartärzeitlichen Ablagerungsbedingungen, Salztektonik und Subrosionsprozesse geprägt ist. Stratigraphisch, genetisch oder petrographisch unterscheidbare Sedimentkörper werden im 3D-Modell vereinfacht aber widerspruchsfrei in ihrer räumlichen Anordnung abgebildet. Aus Schichtbeschreibungen abgeleitetete Bodenklassen ermöglichen es, den geotechnisch heterogenen Aufbau der dreidimensionalen Sedimentkörper geostatistisch abzuschätzen.
    Description: Geoscientific high-quality information on the subsoil is of increasing importance in geotechnical and planning practice. Sustainable development and utilization of the underground requires that already at the stage of planning of infrastructure projects, comprehensive information for cost-/ benefit- / risk-analysis is provided. In practice, geoscientific cartographies are difficult to communicate to decision-makers outside of the subject area. In addition, comprehensive information in 2D maps or databases is only insufficiently provided. 3D subsoil-models offer a way to compensate these shortcomings in the provision of geoscientific information. Three-dimensional visualizations of the underground are easy to impart. Existing data - such as drillings, sections - is integrated in the meaning of a 3D database. The 3D-subsoil-model of the Quaternary underground of the city of Göttingen exemplifies current possibilities for data storage, visualization and parameterization. Basis of the three-dimensional representation are more than 3000 wells plus geological, pedological and geomorphological maps. The 3D-subsoil-model illustrates the complex geological structure of the quaternary underground, shaped by the quaternary deposition conditions, salt tectonics and subrosion processes. Within the 3D-model, stratigraphic, genetic or petrographic distinct sediment bodies are illustrated simplified but consistent in their spatial arrangement. Geotechnical properties were derived by petrographic descriptions so that the three-dimensional geotechnical composition of a sediment body could be predicted geostatistically.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: conferencePaper
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  • 47
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    Ingenieurgeologische 3D-Modellierung im Quartär des Leinetals bei Göttingen (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-27
    Description: Städtische Räume bieten auf den ersten Blick ungünstige Bedingungen für großräumige geowissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und die räumliche Visualisierung des Untergrundes. Dichte Bebauung, anthropogene und quasinatürliche Auffüllungen sowie versiegelte Flächen verbergen geologische Aufschlüsse. Tatsächlich werden jedoch in urbanen Gebieten zahlreiche geologische, hydrogeologische und ingenieurgeologische Punkt- und Flächendaten erhoben. Diese Informationen werden meist unabhängig voneinander aufgenommen und in verschiedenen Archivierungssystemen dezentral abgelegt, so dass es in der Regel unterbleibt, diese Daten integriert auszuwerten oder auch nur verfügbar zu machen. In einem Kooperationsprojekt mit dem Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Universität Göttingen entwickelt das Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie eine Methode zum Aufbau geologischer und ingenieurgeologischer 3D-Modelle. Diese dreidimensionale Darstellung des städtischen Untergrundes enthält und verbindet unterschiedlichste Punkt- sowie Flächendaten (Bohrungen, Profilschnitte etc.) und ist Datenbasis sowie Entwicklungsumgebung für weiterführende Planungskonzepte, Baugrundbetrachtungen, Strömungsmodelle etc. Das Arbeitsgebiet umfasst mit einer Fläche von ca. 42 km² einen Großteil des Göttinger Stadtgebietes (Abb. 1) innerhalb des Leinetalgrabens. Der tektonisch komplexe Graben ist durch durch Tektonik und Subrosion geprägt. Ziel der 3D-Modellierung ist ausschließlich die für Planungsfragen bautechnisch relevante, bis zu 60 m mächtige, quartäre Sedimentabfolge, die den mesozoischen Festgesteinen aufliegt. Das 3D-Modell muss wider­spruchs­frei die räumliche und zeitliche Anordnung pleistozäner Sedimentkörper – Fluss­ab­lage­run­gen, Löss, Becken­sedimente, Fließerden, Mudden etc. – und holozäner Sedimentkörper – Auen- und Bachlehm, Abschwemmmassen, Torf, Mudden, Quellkalk etc. – abbilden.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis for the period 2007–2016 using the adjoint method (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: We present an Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis covering the period 2007–2016 based on the adjoint approach of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium. The spatiotemporal variation of Arctic sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration (SIC), and sea ice thickness (SIT) is substantially improved after the assimilation of ocean and sea ice observations. By assimilating additional World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) hydrographic data, the freshwater content of the Canadian Basin becomes closer to the observations and translates into changes of the ocean circulation and of transports through the Fram and Davis straits. This new reanalysis compares well with previous filter‐based (TOPAZ4) and nudging‐based (PIOMAS) reanalyses regarding SIC and SST. Benefiting from using the adjoint of the sea ice model, our reanalysis is superior to the ECCOv4r4 product considering sea ice parameters. However, the mean state and variability of the freshwater content and the transport properties of our reanalysis remain different from TOPAZ4 and ECCOv4r4, likely because of a lack of hydrographic observations.
    Description: Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly and reached a record minimum in September, 2012. Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalyses are invaluable sources for understanding the Arctic sea ice changes. We produce an Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis of the years 2007–2016 using the adjoint method. The reanalysis is dynamically consistent without introducing unphysical mass and energy discontinuities as in filter‐based data assimilation methods.
    Keywords: 551 ; adjoint method ; data assimilation ; ocean–sea ice reanalysis
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 55 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2014 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Hubschrauber-Geophysik der BGR neu am Start ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 79
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    Close-range sensing workflows in Structural Geology based on open-source/open access solutions (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Structural Geology, many projects start with intensive field-based data acquisition campaigns, which might be performed in quite different types of natural or artificial outcrops. For some years, this field work has been substantially influenced and transformed by various close-range sensing techniques that allow the field geologist to create a digital outcrop model (DOM) and to take along plenty of geometrical and spectral information about the outcropping rocks. In general, DOMs can be utilized for outcrop visualization, documentation, manual outcrop analysis (“point-picking”), extraction of spectral data and/or semi-automatic extraction of geometric data. Within a structural investigation DOMs might be deployed for fold analysis, fault analysis, extraction of fracture networks, fracture roughness estimation, detection of neotectonic activities or digitization of geological features for 3D-models of various scales resulting in a large number of analyzing techniques. Latter might be carried out on point clouds or meshes (with or without spectral information) and may differ in pre-processing and processing steps as well as in software solution. Therefore, the analyzing structural geologist faces various tools, data formats, file types, operations and outcomes. Our investigation focus on the compilation of useful, transparent, sustainable and comparable workflows or “pipelines”, which can be executed by open-source/open-access solutions.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: Geologische Wissenschaften ; Structural Geology ; Digital outcrop model ; open-source ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 77 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2019 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Geomikrobiologie — Die Bedeutung von Mikroorganismen bei geologisch-geochemischen Prozessen und für die Geobiotechnologie), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 116
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 66 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2016 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Kalk-Mergel-Wechselfolgen — Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 144
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 82 (2021)
    ARGE GMit, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2020 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Brennpunkte der Antarktisforschung ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 132
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    Shear Instability and Turbulence Within a Submesoscale Front Following a Storm (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Narrow baroclinic fronts are observed in the surface mixed layer (SML) of the Baltic Sea following an autumn storm. The fronts are subjected to hydrodynamic instabilities that lead to submesoscale and turbulent motions while restratifying the SML. We describe observations from an ocean glider that combines currents, stratification, and turbulence microstructure in a high horizontal resolution (150–300 m) to analyze such fronts. The observations show that SML turbulence is strongly modulated by frontal activity, acting as both source and sink for turbulent kinetic energy. In particular, a direct route to turbulent dissipation within the front is linked to shear instability caused by elevated nongeostrophic shear. The turbulent dissipation of frontal kinetic energy is large enough that it could be a significant influence in the evolution of the front and demonstrates that small‐scale turbulence can act as a significant sink of submesoscale kinetic energy.
    Description: Key Points: An autonomous ocean glider observed turbulence, currents, and stratification in surface mixed layer submesoscale fronts following a storm. Submesoscale fronts provide both a damping and generation of surface mixed layer turbulence. Shear instability within the front could represent a significant energy transfer in frontal evolution.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Keywords: 551 ; ocean turbulence ; submesoscales ; physical oceanography ; ocean mixing
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  • 55
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    Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: This study presents a meta‐analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra‐regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra‐regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Description: Geomorphodynamic activity in the surroundings of the Early Neolithic hilltop site Göbekli Tepe is significantly intensified between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP, reflecting demographic, sociocultural, and climatic variations. The studied landscape compartments form a sediment cascade whose different depositional environments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage. Preservation of colluvial deposits in upland catchments represents a key challenge when studying ancient hilltop sites such as Göbekli Tepe in semi‐arid environments like southeastern Anatolia.
    Keywords: 551 ; Holocene geomorphodynamic activity ; cumulative probability functions of 14C ages ; human–environment interactions ; geoarchaeology ; sediment connectivity
    Type: article
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    Seismic constraints on rock damaging related to a failing mountain peak: the Hochvogel, Allgäu (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Large rock slope failures play a pivotal role in long‐term landscape evolution and are a major concern in land use planning and hazard aspects. While the failure phase and the time immediately prior to failure are increasingly well studied, the nature of the preparation phase remains enigmatic. This knowledge gap is due, to a large degree, to difficulties associated with instrumenting high mountain terrain and the local nature of classic monitoring methods, which does not allow integral observation of large rock volumes. Here, we analyse data from a small network of up to seven seismic sensors installed during July–October 2018 (with 43 days of data loss) at the summit of the Hochvogel, a 2592 m high Alpine peak. We develop proxy time series indicative of cyclic and progressive changes of the summit. Modal analysis, horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio data and end‐member modelling analysis reveal diurnal cycles of increasing and decreasing coupling stiffness of a 260,000 m3 large, instable rock volume, due to thermal forcing. Relative seismic wave velocity changes also indicate diurnal accumulation and release of stress within the rock mass. At longer time scales, there is a systematic superimposed pattern of stress increased over multiple days and episodic stress release within a few days, expressed in an increased emission of short seismic pulses indicative of rock cracking. Our data provide essential first order information on the development of large‐scale slope instabilities towards catastrophic failure. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Description: We use a small seismic networks on the summit of the Hochvogel to record continuous and discrete failure preparation signals of a large‐scale slope instability. Reversible and irreversible mechanisms at the diurnal, multi‐day and seasonal scale are quantified. We infer an early stage of stick slip motion and thermally forced diurnal stress release and rock mass stiffness changes.
    Keywords: 551 ; environmental seismology ; fatigue ; fundamental frequency ; HVSR ; mass wasting ; mountain geomorphology ; natural hazard ; noise cross correlation ; seismic monitoring ; slope failure
    Type: article
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    Evaluating Bayesian Radiocarbon‐dated Event Count (REC) models for the study of long‐term human and environmental processes (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Chronological uncertainty complicates attempts to use radiocarbon dates as proxies for processes such as human population growth/decline, forest fires and marine ingression. Established approaches involve turning databases of radiocarbon‐date densities into single summary proxies that cannot fully account for chronological uncertainty. Here, I use simulated data to explore an alternative Bayesian approach that instead models the data as what they are, namely radiocarbon‐dated event counts. The approach involves assessing possible event‐count sequences by sampling radiocarbon date densities and then applying a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate the parameters of an appropriate count‐based regression model. The regressions based on individual sampled sequences were placed in a multilevel framework, which allowed for the estimation of hyperparameters that account for chronological uncertainty in individual event times. Two processes were used to produce simulated data. One represented a simple monotonic change in event‐counts and the other was based on a real palaeoclimate proxy record. In both cases, the method produced estimates that had the correct sign and were consistently biased towards zero. These results indicate that the approach is widely applicable and could form the basis of a new class of quantitative models for use in exploring long‐term human and environmental processes.
    Keywords: 551 ; archaeology ; Bayesian regression ; palaeoclimatology ; radiocarbon dating ; radiocarbon‐dated event count (REC) model
    Type: article
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    Untersuchungen zur Geschwindigkeitsstruktur im unteren Erdmantel und im Bereich der Kern-Mantei-Grenze unterhalb des Pazifiks mit Scherwellen (2021)
    Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden anomale Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen den Mantel- und Kernphasen S, Sdiff, SKS und SKKS mit lateralen Geschwindigkeitsperturbationen gegenüber dem Standarderdmodell PREM erklärt. Das Datenmaterial kommt Überwiegend von 24 Tiefherdbeben der Tonga-Fiji-Herdregion, die weltweit an den Stationen der Seismometernetze WWSSN (World Wide Standard Seismograph Network) , CSN (Canadian Seismograph Network) und GDSN (Global Digital Seismograph Network) beobachtet wurden. Die meisten Beobachtungen liegen für den Laufweg von Tonga-Fiji nach Nordamerika vor. Für entsprechende Strahlwege der S-Phasen betragen die Laufzeitdifferenzresiduen gegenüber PREM bis zu 10 sec. Den Hauptteil dieser Arbeit bildet die Inversion dieser Laufzeitdifferenzbeobachtungen mit der generalisierten Matrixinversion. Dabei stellt sich die Mehrdeutigkeit der Inversionsergebnisse heraus. Die beobachteten Residuen lassen sich mit drei unterschiedlichen Modelltypen erklären: a) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen auf dem Weg der S-Phasen von der Herdregion zur Kern-Mantel-Grenze (KMG) nordöstlich von Tonga-Fiji. b) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen in einer langgestreckten horizontalen Zone im untersten Mantel oberhalb der KMG. c) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen in einer langgestreckten horizontalen Zone im untersten Mantel und im obersten Bereich des äußeren Erdkerns. Die gefundenen Modelle weisen Geschwindigkeitsperturbationen zwischen -4% und +3% gegenüber PREM auf. Für jeden Modelltyp wird ein Beispiel ausführlich diskutiert. Gemeinsam ist allen Modellen eine großräumige entlang der Laufwege von negative S-Geschwindigkeitsanomalie S und Sdiff im untersten Mantel nordöstlich von Tonga-Fiji. Gemeinsam ist ihnen weiterhin, dass alle lateralen Heterogenitäten deutlich kleinräumiger strukturiert sind, als im bekannten an der Harvard-Universitat erarbeiteten tomographischen Bild der Erde. Im übrigen kann das Harvard-Modell die beobachteten Residuen genausowenig wie PREM erklären. Um die Mehrdeutigkeit der Inversion einschränken zu können, wurden für alle Modelle theoretische Seismogramme mit der Gauss-Beam-Methode berechnet. Aus den theoretischen Seismogrammen wurden SKS/SKKS-Amplitudenverhältnisse abgelesen und mit beobachteten SKS/SKKS-Amplitudenverhältnissen verglichen. Keines der Modelle kann die beobachteten Amplitudenverhältnisse besser erklären als PREM - Modelltyp c) ist sogar deutlich schlechter. Alle drei vorgestellten Modelle verschieben den Beginn des strahlenseismischen Kernschattens für die S-Wellen in größerere Entfernung. Dieser Effekt ist für die drei Modelle unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt; am geringsten ist er für das Modell vom Typ b) . Weil aber an den beobachteten Seismogrammen in Nordamerika keine Verschiebung des Kernschattens zu erkennen ist, sprechen die Modelleffekte gegen die Modelle vom Typ a) und vom Typ c). Die theoretischen Seismogramme für Modell S3M31 vom Modelltyp b) sind am ehesten mit den Beobachtungen zu vereinbaren, weshalb diesem Modell als Erklärung der Tonga-Fiji-Anomalie der Vorzug gegeben wird.
    Description: In this thesis anomalous travel-time differences between the phases S, Sdiff, SKS and SKKS are explained by lateral velocity perturbations with respect to the standard earth model PREM. Most data are from 24 deep-focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji source region and were observed at stations from the following networks: World Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) , Canadian Seismograph Network (CSN) and Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN). Most observations belong to ray paths from Tonga-Fiji to North-America. The residuals of the travel-time differences for these ray paths are up to 10 sec with respect to PREM. The main part of this thesis is the inversion of these traveltime difference observations with the generalized matrix inversion method. It was found that the results of the inversion are non-unique. The observed residuals can be explained by three different model types: a) The lateral heterogeneities are located along the ray paths of the S-phases from the source region down to the core-mantle boundary (CMB) northeast of Tonga-Fiji. b) The lateral heterogeneities are located within an elongated horizontal zone in the lowermost mantle above the CMB. c) The lateral heterogeneities are located within an elongated zone in the lowermost mantle and in the uppermost outer core. The models show velocity perturbations from -4% to +3% with respect to PREM. For each model type one example is discussed in detail. The common feature of all models is a large negative S-velocity anomaly along the ray paths of S and Sdiff through the lowermost mantle northeast of Tonga-Fiji. A second feature of all models is, that the lateral heterogeneities are of smaller scale than in the well-known tomographic picture of the whole earth, derived by the Harvard seismological group. An important point is that the Harvard-model cannot explain the observed residuals better than PREM. In order to limit the non-uniqueness of the inversion theoretical seismograms have been calculated with the Gaussian-beam method for all models. Amplitude ratios SKS/SKKS have been determined from the theoretical seismograms and compared with the observed amplitude ratios. None of the models can explain the observations better than PREM, and model type c) explains them significantly worse than PREM. All three models shift the boundary of the ray-theoretical core shadow for mantle S-waves to greater distances, but the amount is different for the different models. The seismograms for models of type b) show the smallest shift. Because observed seismograms in North-America show no evidence for such a shift of the core shadow, model types a) and c) can be excluded as possible models for the lateral heterogeneities. The theoretical seismograms of model S3M31 of model type b) show the best agreement with the observations, and therefore this model is the preferred model for the Tonga-Fiji anomaly.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Mu 421/16-1, Mu 421/16-2); Hessische Graduierten Förderung
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: S-Wellen Anomalie, Erdkern, Sdiff, SKS, SKKS, Modellierung mit Gauss-Beam-Methode ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 134
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    [Neue Nr. 5037] Eisenberg / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5037;KART H 140:Eisenberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 029 30 - E 029 40 / N 051 00 - N 050 54
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 912 ; Geologische Karte ; Eisenberg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 17
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    [Neue Nr. 4440] Delitzsch / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4440[1922];KART H 140:Delitzsch
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 030 0 - E 030 10 / N 051 36 - N 051 30
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Delitzsch ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 79
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    [Neue Nr. 4443] Torgau-West / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Gisevius, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4443; KART H 140:Torgau-West
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 030 30 - E 030 40 / N 051 36 - N 051 30
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 912 ; Geologische Karte ; Turgau ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 45
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    Zur Geschichte der Geophysik in Deutschland (2021)
    Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, Hamburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: Die Jubiläumsschrift zum 75jährigen Bestehen der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) enthält zahlreiche Beiträge von Mitgliedern zu vier Schwerpunkten: 1) Eine Aktualisierung der Geschichte der DGG vor allem zu den an Ereignissen reichen letzten 25 Jahren sowie Ergänzungen zu vorausgegangenen Darstellungen. 2) Die Darstellung der Geschichte geophysikalischer Institute und Institutionen in Deutschland inklusive eines Rückblicks auf das erfolgreiche Wirken ihrer verdienstvollen Persönlichkeiten. 3) Die Beschreibung einer Auswahl in der deutschen Geophysik angegangener Großprojekte der letzten 25 Jahre. 4) In Anlehnung an die Festschrift zum 50jährigen Gründungsjubiläum ist schließlich noch ein Kapitel zu geophysikalischen 'Detailthemen' ausgeführt. In ihm sind auch Beiträge enthalten, die Traditionslinien bzw. Arbeiten betreffen, die in der früheren DDR aufgenommen worden waren und z.T. keine direkte Fortsetzung an einer Nachfolgeinstitution gefunden haben.
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: 550 ; Geschichte der Geophysik ; Festschriften {Geophysik} ; Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft ; Deutschland ; Geophysik ; Geschichte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
    Format: 226 S.
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 83 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2021 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (See- und Ozeansedimente in der Paläoklimaforschung ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; 554.3 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; GMIT ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 128
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    [Neue Nr. 4541] Eilenburg / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4541;KART H 140:Eilenburg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 030 10 - E 030 20 / N 051 30 - N 051 24
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 912 ; Geologische Karte ; Eilenburg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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    [Neue Nr. 5038] Langenberg / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5038;KART H 140:Langenberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 029 40 - E 029 50 / N 051 00 - N 050 54
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Langenberg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 24
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    [Neue Nr. 4936] Camburg / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4936;KART H 140:Camburg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 029 20 - E 029 30 / N 051 06 - N 051 00
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Camburg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 18
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    Untersuchungen zur Geschwindigkeitsstruktur im unteren Erdmantel und im Bereich der Kern-Mantel-Grenze unterhalb des Pazifiks mit Scherwellen (2021)
    Selbstverlag
    In:  Autorenexemplar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden anomale Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen den Mantel- und Kernphasen S, Sdiff, SKS und SKKS mit lateralen Geschwindigkeitsperturbationen gegenüber dem Standarderdmodell PREM erklärt. Das Datenmaterial kommt Überwiegend von 24 Tiefherdbeben der Tonga-Fiji-Herdregion, die weltweit an den Stationen der Seismometernetze WWSSN (World Wide Standard Seismograph Network) , CSN (Canadian Seismograph Network) und GDSN (Global Digital Seismograph Network) beobachtet wurden. Die meisten Beobachtungen liegen für den Laufweg von Tonga-Fiji nach Nordamerika vor. Für entsprechende Strahlwege der S-Phasen betragen die Laufzeitdifferenzresiduen gegenüber PREM bis zu 10 sec. Den Hauptteil dieser Arbeit bildet die Inversion dieser Laufzeitdifferenzbeobachtungen mit der generalisierten Matrixinversion. Dabei stellt sich die Mehrdeutigkeit der Inversionsergebnisse heraus. Die beobachteten Residuen lassen sich mit drei unterschiedlichen Modelltypen erklären: a) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen auf dem Weg der S-Phasen von der Herdregion zur Kern-Mantel-Grenze (KMG) nordöstlich von Tonga-Fiji. b) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen in einer langgestreckten horizontalen Zone im untersten Mantel oberhalb der KMG. c) Die lateralen Heterogenitäten liegen in einer langgestreckten horizontalen Zone im untersten Mantel und im obersten Bereich des äußeren Erdkerns. Die gefundenen Modelle weisen Geschwindigkeitsperturbationen zwischen -4% und +3% gegenüber PREM auf. Für jeden Modelltyp wird ein Beispiel ausführlich diskutiert. Gemeinsam ist allen Modellen eine großräumige entlang der Laufwege von negative S-Geschwindigkeitsanomalie S und Sdiff im untersten Mantel nordöstlich von Tonga-Fiji. Gemeinsam ist ihnen weiterhin, dass alle lateralen Heterogenitäten deutlich kleinräumiger strukturiert sind, als im bekannten an der Harvard-Universitat erarbeiteten tomographischen Bild der Erde. Im übrigen kann das Harvard-Modell die beobachteten Residuen genausowenig wie PREM erklären. Um die Mehrdeutigkeit der Inversion einschränken zu können, wurden für alle Modelle theoretische Seismogramme mit der Gauss-Beam-Methode berechnet. Aus den theoretischen Seismogrammen wurden SKS/SKKS-Amplitudenverhältnisse abgelesen und mit beobachteten SKS/SKKS-Amplitudenverhältnissen verglichen. Keines der Modelle kann die beobachteten Amplitudenverhältnisse besser erklären als PREM - Modelltyp c) ist sogar deutlich schlechter. Alle drei vorgestellten Modelle verschieben den Beginn des strahlenseismischen Kernschattens für die S-Wellen in größerere Entfernung. Dieser Effekt ist für die drei Modelle unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt; am geringsten ist er für das Modell vom Typ b) . Weil aber an den beobachteten Seismogrammen in Nordamerika keine Verschiebung des Kernschattens zu erkennen ist, sprechen die Modelleffekte gegen die Modelle vom Typ a) und vom Typ c). Die theoretischen Seismogramme für Modell S3M31 vom Modelltyp b) sind am ehesten mit den Beobachtungen zu vereinbaren, weshalb diesem Modell als Erklärung der Tonga-Fiji-Anomalie der Vorzug gegeben wird.
    Description: In this thesis anomalous travel-time differences between the phases S, Sdiff, SKS and SKKS are explained by lateral velocity perturbations with respect to the standard earth model PREM. Most data are from 24 deep-focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji source region and were observed at stations from the following networks: World Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) , Canadian Seismograph Network (CSN) and Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN). Most observations belong to ray paths from Tonga-Fiji to North-America. The residuals of the travel-time differences for these ray paths are up to 10 sec with respect to PREM. The main part of this thesis is the inversion of these traveltime difference observations with the generalized matrix inversion method. It was found that the results of the inversion are non-unique. The observed residuals can be explained by three different model types: a) The lateral heterogeneities are located along the ray paths of the S-phases from the source region down to the core-mantle boundary (CMB) northeast of Tonga-Fiji. b) The lateral heterogeneities are located within an elongated horizontal zone in the lowermost mantle above the CMB. c) The lateral heterogeneities are located within an elongated zone in the lowermost mantle and in the uppermost outer core. The models show velocity perturbations from -4% to +3% with respect to PREM. For each model type one example is discussed in detail. The common feature of all models is a large negative S-velocity anomaly along the ray paths of S and Sdiff through the lowermost mantle northeast of Tonga-Fiji. A second feature of all models is, that the lateral heterogeneities are of smaller scale than in the well-known tomographic picture of the whole earth, derived by the Harvard seismological group. An important point is that the Harvard-model cannot explain the observed residuals better than PREM. In order to limit the non-uniqueness of the inversion theoretical seismograms have been calculated with the Gaussian-beam method for all models. Amplitude ratios SKS/SKKS have been determined from the theoretical seismograms and compared with the observed amplitude ratios. None of the models can explain the observations better than PREM, and model type c) explains them significantly worse than PREM. All three models shift the boundary of the ray-theoretical core shadow for mantle S-waves to greater distances, but the amount is different for the different models. The seismograms for models of type b) show the smallest shift. Because observed seismograms in North-America show no evidence for such a shift of the core shadow, model types a) and c) can be excluded as possible models for the lateral heterogeneities. The theoretical seismograms of model S3M31 of model type b) show the best agreement with the observations, and therefore this model is the preferred model for the Tonga-Fiji anomaly.
    Description: research
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Mu 421/16-1, Mu 421/16-2); Hessische Graduierten Förderung
    Keywords: FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 134
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    Capillary, Film, and Vapor Flow in Transient Bare Soil Evaporation (1): Identifiability Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Medium to Dry Moisture Range (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Evaporation experiments are frequently used to determine soil hydraulic properties. We simulated laboratory evaporation experiments with a coupled water, vapor, and heat flow model which includes the surface energy balance. The simulations are performed with different parametrizations of soil hydraulic properties with a focus on soil hydraulic conductivity in medium to dry soil. In previous studies, conductivity in this moisture range has been shown to be influenced not only by water flow in completely filled capillaries (“capillary flow”) but also by film and corner flow (“film flow”). Our forward simulations highlight the strong influence of an increased conductivity caused by film flow on evaporation rate, cumulative water loss, soil temperature, and soil water pressure head during evaporation. Film flow extends the duration of stage‐1 evaporation and increases the evaporation rate during stage‐2 even if all other physical material properties are the same. The simulated data were used in inverse simulations with the Richards equation to test whether soil hydraulic properties can be identified without bias. This is a priori questionable because the Richards equation is an isothermal flow model and simplifies the true physics considerably, by ignoring thermal liquid and thermal vapor fluxes, as well as temperature effects on the hydraulic properties. Our results show that the identification of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves is bias‐free for media with and without film flow. We conclude that the Richards equation can be safely used to identify hydraulic properties from evaporation experiments by inverse modeling.
    Description: Key Points: Coupled modeling of water, vapor, and heat flow shows that film‐flow extends stage‐1 and changes the evaporation dynamics during stage‐2. Soil hydraulic properties identified by inverse modeling with the Richards equation are unbiased despite strong temperature dynamics. Inadequate models for soil hydraulic properties lead to a grossly wrong prediction of the pressure head in medium to dry soils.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; evaporation ; hydraulic conductivity ; film flow ; soil hydraulic properties ; vapor flow ; water retention curve
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    Syn‐ and post‐eruptive gully formation near the Laacher See volcano (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The Laacher See volcano (LSV) is located at the western margin of the Neuwied Basin, the central part of the Middle Rhine Basin of Germany. Its paroxysmal Plinian eruption c. 13 ka ago (Laacher See event; LSE) deposited a complex tephra sequence in the Neuwied Basin, whilst the distal ashes became one of the most important chronostratigraphic markers in Central Europe. However, some other impacts on landscape formation have thus far been largely neglected, such as buried gully structures in the proximity of the LSV. In this contribution, we map and discuss the spatial extent of these landforms at the site Lungenkärchen c. 4 km south of the LSV based on geophysical prospection as well as contrasting pedo‐sedimentary characteristics of the gully infill (particle‐size distribution, bulk‐sediment density, thin‐section analysis, saturated hydraulic conductivity) and the surrounding soils and tephra layers. These data are combined with a luminescence‐ and carbon‐14 (14C)‐based age model that relates them to the LSE. It is demonstrated how these gullies seem to have been formed and rapidly infilled by rainfall and surface discharge both during and subsequent to the eruptive phase, with modern analog processes documented for the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption (Washington State, USA). Given the density of the gullies at the site and their deviating pedo‐sedimentary properties compared to the surrounding soils, we propose a significant influence on agricultural production in the proximity of the LSV, which remains to be tested in future studies. Finally, in contrast, gullies of similar lateral and vertical dimensions identified in post‐LSE reworked loess and tephra deposits of the Wingertsbergwand (close to the main study site and proximal to the LSV) have shown to be unrelated to the LSE and can either be attributed to periglacial processes at the Younger Dryas‐Preboreal transition or to linear incision during the early Holocene.
    Description: Linear subsurface gullies were identified close to the Laacher See volcano in magnetometer and ground‐penetrating radar prospection. Optically stimulated luminescence data indicate they incised during or shortly after the Laacher See event 13 ka ago. Pedo‐sedimentary characteristics of the gully infill differs from the surrounding regosols and brown earths, possibly influencing regional agricultural land use. image
    Description: University of Cologne http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008001
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Eifel ; ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) ; gully erosion ; Laacher See event (LSE) ; luminescence dating ; magnetometer prospection ; micromorphology ; tephra ; Wingertsbergwand
    Type: article
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  • 70
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    Biomarker Distributions in (Sub)‐Arctic Surface Sediments and Their Potential for Sea Ice Reconstructions (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: To evaluate the present sea ice changes in a longer‐term perspective, the knowledge of sea ice variability on preindustrial and geological time scales is essential. For the interpretation of proxy reconstructions it is necessary to understand the recent signals of different sea ice proxies from various regions. We present 260 new sediment surface samples collected in the (sub‐)Arctic Oceans that were analyzed for specific sea ice (IP25) and open‐water phytoplankton biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol, and highly branched isoprenoid [HBI] III). This new biomarker data set was combined with 615 previously published biomarker surface samples into a pan‐Arctic database. The resulting pan‐Arctic biomarker and sea ice index (PIP25) database shows a spatial distribution correlating well with the diverse modern sea ice concentrations. We find correlations of PBIP25, PDIP25, and PIIIIP25 with spring and autumn sea ice concentrations. Similar correlations with modern sea ice concentrations are observed in Baffin Bay. However, the correlations of the PIP25 indices with modern sea ice concentrations differ in Fram Strait from those of the (sub‐)Arctic data set, which is likely caused by region‐specific differences in sea ice variability, nutrient availability, and other environmental conditions. The extended (sea ice) biomarker database strengthens the validity of biomarker sea ice reconstructions in different Arctic regions and shows how different sea ice proxies combined may resolve specific seasonal sea ice conditions.
    Description: Key Points: IP25 provides information about modern sea ice cover on a (sub‐)Arctic‐wide scale. All PIP25 indices correlate well with spring and autumn sea ice concentrations on a (sub‐)Arctic‐wide scale. The combination of biomarker data and dinoflagellate cysts may yield an approach to reconstruct sea ice conditions during different seasons.
    Description: EC | Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; biomarker ; IP25 ; PIP25 ; sea ice ; Baffin Bay ; Fram Strait
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  • 71
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    4D quantification of alpine permafrost degradation in steep rock walls using a laboratory‐calibrated electrical resistivity tomography approach (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The warming of rock permafrost affects mechanical stability and hydro‐cryostatic pressures in rock walls. The coincident decrease in slope stability frequently affects infrastructure by creep and subsidence and promotes the generation of rockfalls and rockslides. The increasing hazard posed by warming permafrost rock walls and the growing exposure of infrastructure and individuals create a demand for quantitative monitoring methods. Laboratory‐calibrated electrical resistivity tomography provides a sensitive record for frozen versus unfrozen bedrock, presumably being the most accurate quantitative monitoring technique in permafrost areas where boreholes are not available. The data presented here are obtained at the permafrost‐affected and unstable Steintaelli Ridge at 3100 m a.s.l. and allow the quantification of permafrost changes in the longest electrical resistivity tomography time series in steep bedrock. Five parallel transects across the rock ridge have been measured five times each, between 2006 and 2019, with similar hardware. Field measurements were calibrated using temperature‐resistivity laboratory measurements of water‐saturated rock samples from the site. A 3D time‐lapse inversion scheme is applied in the boundless electrical resistivity tomography (BERT) software for the inversion of the data. To assess the initial data quality, we compare the effect of data filtering and the robustness of final results with three different filters and two time‐lapse models. We quantify the volumetric permafrost distribution in the bedrock and its degradation in the last decades. Our data show mean monthly air temperatures to increase from −3.4°C to −2.6°C between 2005‒2009 and 2015‒2019, respectively, while simultaneously permafrost volume degraded on average from 6790 m3 (±640 m3 rock in phase‐transition range) in 2006 to 3880 m3 (±1000 m3) in 2019. For the first time, we provide a quantitative measure of permafrost degradation in unstable bedrock by using a temperature‐calibrated 4D electrical resistivity tomography. Our approach represents a fundamental benchmark for the evaluation of climate change effects on bedrock permafrost.
    Keywords: 622.15 ; 551 ; Climate change ; ERT ; Geohazard ; 3D
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  • 72
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    Climatic and environmental changes in the Yana Highlands of north‐eastern Siberia over the last c. 57 000 years, derived from a sediment core from Lake Emanda (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The sediment succession of Lake Emanda in the Yana Highlands was investigated to reconstruct the regional late Quaternary climate and environmental history. Hydro‐acoustic data obtained during a field campaign in 2017 show laminated sediments in the north‐western and deepest (up to ̃15 m) part of the lake, where a ̃6‐m‐long sediment core (Co1412) was retrieved. The sediment core was studied with a multi‐proxy approach including sedimentological and geochemical analyses. The chronology of Co1412 is based on 14C AMS dating on plant fragments from the upper 4.65 m and by extrapolation suggests a basal age of c. 57 cal. ka BP. Pronounced changes in the proxy data indicate that early Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 was characterized by unstable environmental conditions associated with short‐term temperature and/or precipitation variations. This interval was followed by progressively colder and likely drier conditions during mid‐MIS 3. A lake‐level decline between 32.0 and 19.1 cal. ka BP was presumably related to increased continentality and dry conditions peaking during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A subsequent rise in lake level could accordingly have been the result of increased rainfall, probably in combination with seasonally high meltwater input. A milder or wetter Lateglacial climate increased lake productivity and vegetation growth, the latter stabilizing the catchment and reducing clastic input into the lake. The Bølling‐Allerød warming, Younger Dryas cooling and Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) are indicated by distinct changes in the environment around Lake Emanda. Unstable, but similar‐to‐present‐day climatic and environmental conditions have persisted since c. 5 cal. ka BP. The results emphasize the highly continental setting of the study site and therefore suggest that the climate at Lake Emanda was predominantly controlled by changes in summer insolation, global sea level, and the extent of ice sheets over Eurasia, which influenced atmospheric circulation patterns.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
    Keywords: 551 ; Siberia ; Lake Emanda ; late Quaternary ; climate history ; environmental history
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  • 73
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    Northeast Siberian Permafrost Ice‐Wedge Stable Isotopes Depict Pronounced Last Glacial Maximum Winter Cooling (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of wedge ice hold potential to reconstruct past winter climate conditions. Here, we present records of the marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 including the last Glacial maximum (LGM) from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (NE Siberia). MIS 3 wedge ice dated from 52 to 40 Kyr b2k varies between −32 and −29‰ in δ18O. Colder LGM conditions are implied by δ18O of −37‰ around 25 Kyr b2k. Similar Deuterium excess values indicate comparable moisture sources during MIS 3 and MIS 2. Regional LGM climate reconstructions depend on the seasonal resolution of the proxies and model simulations. Our wedge‐ice record reflects coldest winters during global minima in atmospheric CO2 and sea level. The extreme LGM winter cooling is not represented in model projections of global LGM climate where West Beringia shows noticeably little cooling or even warming in mean annual temperatures compared to the late Holocene.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The geochemical signature of stable isotopes of permafrost ground ice preserves information about past climate conditions. A common type of ground ice is ice wedges that form by the freezing of snowmelt in frost cracks developed on the ground and grow over time in width and length. Winter temperatures, and the type (snow or rain) and origin (regional moisture source) of winter precipitation largely control the stable isotope characteristics of oxygen and hydrogen in ice wedges. Here, we study the stable isotope composition of ice wedges from the last glacial period in northeastern Siberia. Plant and animal fossils that were found within the ice and in the surrounding frozen ground provide age control spanning from more than 50 to 24 thousand years ago when the ice wedges grew. The coldest winter conditions are inferred from a New Siberian Island ice‐wedge site as indicated by the lowest stable isotope values of all our sampled ice wedges at times, corresponding to the last Glacial maximum around 25 thousand years ago.
    Description: Key Points: Pronounced west Beringian MIS 3 to MIS 2 winter cooling delineated in wedge‐ice stable isotope signatures. Coldest winters reflected by exceptionally depleted values of −37.4 ± 0.4‰ in δ18O and −292 ± 3‰ in δD in LGM wedge ice. LGM wedge ice directly radiocarbon‐dated to 25,890 and 23,980 yr b2k.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
    Keywords: 551 ; ground ice ; last Glacial maximum ; permafrost ; radiocarbon ; Siberia ; stable isotopes
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  • 74
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    Estimating water balance components in irrigated agriculture using a combined approach of soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, and numerical modelling (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: Information on water balance components such as evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge are crucial for water management. Due to differences in physical conditions, but also due to limited budgets, there is not one universal best practice, but a wide range of different methods with specific advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we propose an approach to quantify actual evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge and water inflow, i.e. precipitation and irrigation, that considers the specific conditions of irrigated agriculture in warm, arid environments. This approach does not require direct measurements of precipitation or irrigation quantities and is therefore suitable for sites with an uncertain data basis. For this purpose, we combine soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, remote sensing data analysis and numerical modelling using Hydrus. Energy balance data and routine weather data serve to estimate ET0. Surface reflectance data from satellite images (Sentinel‐2) are used to derive leaf area indices, which help to partition ET0 into energy limited evaporation and transpiration. Subsequently, first approximations of water inflow are derived based on observed soil moisture changes. These inflow estimates are used in a series of forward simulations that produce initial estimates of drainage and ETact, which in turn help improve the estimate of water inflow. Finally, the improved inflow estimates are incorporated into the model and then a parameter optimization is performed using the observed soil moisture as the reference figure. Forward simulations with calibrated soil parameters result in final estimates for ETact and groundwater recharge. The presented method is applied to an agricultural test site with a crop rotation of cotton and wheat in Punjab, Pakistan. The final model results, with an RMSE of 2.2% in volumetric water content, suggest a cumulative ETact and groundwater recharge of 769 and 297 mm over a period of 281 days, respectively. The total estimated water inflow accounts for 946 mm, of which 77% originates from irrigation.
    Description: Approach to quantify ETact, GWR and water inflow that considers the specific conditions of irrigated agriculture in warm, acid environments. It combines soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, remote sensing data analysing data analysis and numerical modelling using Hydrus. The final model results suggest that GWR accounts for one third of the total water inflow, of which 77% originates from irrigations. image
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551 ; actual evapotranspiration ; ground heat flux ; groundwater recharge ; Hydrus ; irrigation ; net radiation ; Sentinel‐2 ; soil moisture
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  • 75
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    Capillary, Film, and Vapor Flow in Transient Bare Soil Evaporation (2): Experimental Identification of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Medium to Dry Moisture Range (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Bare‐soil evaporation involves coupled flow of liquid water, water vapor, and heat. As evaporation results in non‐isothermal conditions in the soil, the temperature dependence of transport properties and thermal fluxes of water and vapor must be accounted for. In a companion paper, we showed that the Richards equation, that is, a single‐phase flow model assuming isothermal conditions, is applicable to accurately determine soil hydraulic properties including the medium to dry range from evaporation experiments by inverse modeling. This is warranted if pressure head data across a wide moisture range, that is, from almost saturated to almost air‐dry, are used in the objective function and a suitable parameterization of the hydraulic conductivity function including vapor and non‐capillary flow is used. In this article, we confirm the theoretical results by examining real evaporation experiments, in which we measured the temporal dynamics of evaporation rate, soil temperature, and pressure head in laboratory soil columns. Pressure head was measured with mini‐tensiometers and relative humidity sensors. The measurements were evaluated by inverse modeling with the Richards equation assuming isothermal conditions and ambient temperature in the soil. Our results for a sandy and a loamy soil show that the observed transient water and vapor dynamics in the drying soil could be accurately matched, provided the hydraulic conductivity curve considered isothermal vapor diffusion and film flow. These components dominate hydraulic conductivity in the medium to dry soil moisture range and were uniquely identified in agreement with the theoretical analysis in the companion article.
    Description: Key Points: Identification of soil hydraulic properties across the full moisture range by inverse modeling of evaporation experiments. Advanced instrumentation with tensiometers and relative humidity sensors allows to identify hydraulic conductivity in medium to dry soil. Evaporation experiments can be modeled correctly with Richards’ equation, provided hydraulic properties account for vapor and film flow.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; Evaporation ; hydraulic conductivity ; inverse modeling ; soil hydraulic properties ; vadose zone ; water retention curve
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  • 76
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    Pressure‐Driven Poiseuille Flow Inherited From Mesozoic Mantle Circulation Led to the Eocene Separation of Australia and Antarctica (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The separation between Australia and Antarctica occurred during the final stages of the break‐up of Pangea. Reconstructions of the rifting of the Australian plate away from Antarctica show fast spreading rates since Mid‐Eocene (45 Ma). These reconstructions can be used to understand and quantify the forces driving the Australia/Antarctica separation, and to test hypotheses on mechanisms that may be of shallow (i.e., lithosphere) or deep (i.e., mantle) origin. Analytical calculations indicate that plate‐boundary forces are highly unlikely to be a plausible candidate to explain such a separation. Thus, we use a recently developed global coupled models of mantle and lithosphere dynamics, here we show that this event, whose kinematics are reproduced in our models within the bounds of the reconstruction uncertainties, owes to a significant degree to the pressure‐driven asthenospheric Poiseuille flow associated with the mantle buoyancy field inherited from viscous circulation history throughout the Mesozoic. On the contrary, in simulations when such a buoyancy field is replaced by another one resulting from a random distribution of mantle temperature–thus not representative of Earth’s mantle circulation history–the rapid northward motion of Australia does not occur. Similarly, suppressing contemporaneous plate‐boundary processes (i.e., subduction of the Pacific ridge at the Aleutians and healing of the India‐Australia ridge) from our models does not have a noticeable effect on the Australia‐Antarctica kinematics. Thus, a pressure‐driven Poiseuille mantle flow must be considered, at least in this example and possible elsewhere, as a main driver of plate tectonics.
    Description: Key Points: Reconstructions of the rifting of the Australian plate away from Antarctica shows fast spreading rates since Mid‐Eocene (45 Ma). Analyzed mechanisms to separate the Australian plate from Antarctica using coupled global models of mantle and lithosphere dynamics. Results indicate that the separation between the Australian and Antarctica plate was driven by an asthenospheric pressure Poiseuille flow.
    Description: Københavns Universitet http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001734
    Keywords: 551 ; mantle circulation history ; pressure‐driven Poiseuille flow ; separation of Australia/Antarctica
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    Modelling future lahars controlled by different volcanic eruption scenarios at Cotopaxi (Ecuador) calibrated with the massively destructive 1877 lahar (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Lahars are among the most hazardous mass flow processes on earth and have caused up to 23 000 casualties in single events in the recent past. The Cotopaxi volcano, 60 km southeast of Quito, has a well‐documented history of massively destructive lahars and is a hotspot for future lahars due to (i) its ~10 km2 glacier cap, (ii) its 117–147‐year return period of (Sub)‐Plinian eruptions, and (iii) the densely populated potential inundation zones (300 000 inhabitants). Previous mechanical lahar models often do not (i) capture the steep initial lahar trajectory, (ii) reproduce multiple flow paths including bifurcation and confluence, and (iii) generate appropriate key parameters like flow speed and pressure at the base as a measure of erosion capacity. Here, we back‐calculate the well‐documented 1877 lahar using the RAMMS debris flow model with an implemented entrainment algorithm, covering the entire lahar path from the volcano edifice to an extent of ~70 km from the source. To evaluate the sensitivity and to constrain the model input range, we systematically explore input parameter values, especially the Voellmy–Salm friction coefficients μ and ξ. Objective selection of the most likely parameter combinations enables a realistic and robust lahar hazard representation. Detailed historic records for flow height, flow velocity, peak discharge, travel time and inundation limits match best with a very low Coulomb‐type friction μ (0.0025–0.005) and a high turbulent friction ξ (1000–1400 m/s2). Finally, we apply the calibrated model to future eruption scenarios (Volcanic Explosivity Index = 2–3, 3–4, 〉4) at Cotopaxi and accordingly scaled lahars. For the first time, we anticipate a potential volume growth of 50–400% due to lahar erosivity on steep volcano flanks. Here we develop a generic Voellmy–Salm approach across different scales of high‐magnitude lahars and show how it can be used to anticipate future syneruptive lahars.
    Description: A generic model approach is developed to simulate massive syneruptive lahars at Cotopaxi from initiation on the steep volcano flanks to distal reaches. Evaluation of 14 calibration constraints shows that the Voellmy–Salm model reliably reproduces bulk behaviour of syneruptive lahars. Estimations of lahar erosivity on the volcano flanks anticipate an erosion‐related volume increase for future Cotopaxi lahars between 50 and 400%.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551 ; debris flow erosion ; lahar ; model calibration ; numerical model ; predictive modelling
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    Königliche Preuszische Landes Triangulation Abrisse, Koordinaten und Höhen (2021)
    Trigonometrische Abteilung der Landesaufnahme, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | BBF : MAG F 2019 B 662
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Messpunkte der Königlichen Preußischen Landes Triangulation, diese umfassen […] die Regierungsbezirke Hannover und Hildesheim und den Kreis Rinteln des Regierungsbezirks Cassel mit einem Flächeninhalt von 209,2 geographischen Quadratmeilen oder 11519 qkm. Außerdem sind darin enthalten: die Enklaven um Heßlingen und Hehlingen des Regierungsbezirks Magdeburg, die Enklave um Lügde des Regierungsbezirks Minden und die Enklave um Benneckenstein des Regierungsbezirks Erfurt. An außerpreußischen Gebietsteilen sind darin enthalten: das Herzogtum Braunschweig, das Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe, der Kreis Pyrmont des Fürstentums Waldeck und Pyrmont und eine Anzahl von Punkten im Fürstentum Lippe.[...]
    Description: manual
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; Landesaufnahme ; Koordinaten ; Hauptdreiecksnetz ; Hannover ; Hildesheim ; Herzogtum Braunschweig ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 180
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 72 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2018 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Klimamodellierung — Probleme, Errungenschaften, aktuelle Herausforderungen), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 124
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 74 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2018 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (50 Jahre wissenschaftliches Tiefseebohren – Marine geowissenschaftliche Grundlagenforschung mit deutscher Beteiligung), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 132
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    [Neue Nr. 3831] Schöningen / Geologische Karte (2021)
    Reimer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:3831;KART H 140:Schöningen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 028 30 - E 028 40 / N 052 12 - N 052 06
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Schöningen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 44
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 42 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2010 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Speläologie in Deutschland – ein interdisziplinärer Forschungszweig), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 115
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  • 83
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 35 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2009 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Angewandte Mineralogie in der modernen Baustoff- und Bindemittelforschung), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 85
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  • 84
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    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 37 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2009 enthält die Themenblöcke: Im Fokus (alea iacta est - und Geophysik für "Monte Carlo"), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 83
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  • 85
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 36 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2009 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Geoparks in Deutschland - Entwicklung und Situation), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 103
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 86
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 38 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2009 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Bitterfelder Bernstein – ein fossiles Harz und seine geologische Geschichte ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 101
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 87
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 39 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2010 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Die dauerhafte geologische Speicherung von CO2 in Deutschland – Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und Perspektiven), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 87
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  • 88
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 41 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2010 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Geopotenzial Deutsche Nordsee ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 85
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 43 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2011 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Die Geowissenschaften als Schlüssel zur sicheren Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 103
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 44 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2011 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Sedimentäre Geologie: Status, Signifikanz, Perspektiven ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 83
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 46 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2011 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Meteoriteneinschläge im Labor – das MEMIN-Projekt ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 117
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 53 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2013 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Mineralogische Museen und Sammlungen in Deutschland), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 75
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  • 93
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 57 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2014 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Harmonisierung geologischer Karten und Daten Europas), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 89
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  • 94
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    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 58 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2014 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Entdeckung und Interpretation von „slidequakes“ bei Lockergesteinshangrutschungen), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; GMIT ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 117
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 40 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2010 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Brennpunkte der Antarktisforschung ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG,SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 77
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 59 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2015 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Das Seismologische Zentralobservatorium der BGR), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 101
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 60 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2015 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Janz weit draußen: die Karbonate nicht-tropischer ozeanischer Inseln), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 100
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 62 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2015 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Von den Frühstadien des Lebens zur Bildung der weltweit größten krustalen Goldanreicherungen), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 115
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 64 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2016 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Schiefergasgewinnung durch Fracking – Plädoyer für eine ehrliche Debatte), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 128
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 56 (2021)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2014 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Das Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie in Dresden ), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Personalia, Nachrufe).
    Description: journal
    Keywords: 550 ; Wissenschaftsorganisation und -pflege {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; GMIT ; Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 85
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
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