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  • Biological Evolution
  • Base Sequence
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (72)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2005-2009  (72)
  • 2006  (72)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (72)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
Years
  • 2005-2009  (72)
Year
  • 1
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    Comment on "Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Davidson and Erwin (Reviews, 10 February 2006, p. 796) argued that known microevolutionary processes cannot explain the evolution of large differences in development that characterize phyla. Instead, they proposed that phyla arise from novel evolutionary processes involving large mutations acting on conserved core pathways of development. I question some of their assumptions and show that natural selection adequately explains the origin of new phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coyne, Jerry A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):761; author reply 761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. j-coyne@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genetic Speciation ; Morphogenesis/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Crestfallen: sexually dimorphic no more (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alberta ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Paleoanthropology. How the hobbit shrugged: tiny hominid's story takes new turn (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):983-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Comment on "Ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM, a brain size determinant in Homo sapiens" and "Microcephalin, a gene regulating brain size, continues to evolve adaptively in humans" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: Mekel-Bobrov et al. and Evans et al. (Reports, 9 Sept. 2005, p. 1720 and p. 1717, respectively) examined sequence data from modern humans within two gene regions associated with brain development, ASPM and microcephalin, and concluded that selection of these genes must be ongoing. We show that models of human history that include both population growth and spatial structure can generate the observed patterns without selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currat, Mathias -- Excoffier, Laurent -- Maddison, Wayne -- Otto, Sarah P -- Ray, Nicolas -- Whitlock, Michael C -- Yeaman, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):172; author reply 172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Biological Evolution ; Brain ; Demography ; Founder Effect ; Gene Frequency ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Population Density ; *Population Growth ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genetics. Genomes highlight plant pathogens' powerful arsenal (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Algal/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Phytophthora/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Abortive initiation and productive initiation by RNA polymerase involve DNA scrunching (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-18
    Description: Using single-molecule DNA nanomanipulation, we show that abortive initiation involves DNA "scrunching"--in which RNA polymerase (RNAP) remains stationary and unwinds and pulls downstream DNA into itself--and that scrunching requires RNA synthesis and depends on RNA length. We show further that promoter escape involves scrunching, and that scrunching occurs in most or all instances of promoter escape. Our results support the existence of an obligatory stressed intermediate, with approximately one turn of additional DNA unwinding, in escape and are consistent with the proposal that stress in this intermediate provides the driving force to break RNAP-promoter and RNAP-initiation-factor interactions in escape.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754787/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754787/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Revyakin, Andrey -- Liu, Chenyu -- Ebright, Richard H -- Strick, Terence R -- GM41376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1139-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA/biosynthesis ; Transcription Initiation Site/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    The sea urchin genome: where will it lead us? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: The sea urchin genome reveals large domains of biology heretofore unexplored at the genome level, as this is the first nonchordate deuterostome sequence. The sequence will accelerate progress toward complete understanding of the genomic regulatory system that controls developmental specification and morphogenetic function, thus illuminating basic developmental process in all animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Eric H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):939-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/embryology/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lessells, C M -- Bennett, Andrew T D -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Colegrave, Nick -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben -- Hosken, Dave J -- Hunt, John -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pitnick, Scott -- Pizzari, Tommaso -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Shuker, David M -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Stockley, Paula -- Tregenza, Tom -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Rice domestication by reducing shattering (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds. The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect. The molecular basis of this key domestication transition, however, remains unknown. Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication. The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Changbao -- Zhou, Ailing -- Sang, Tao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1936-9. Epub 2006 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; Flowers/growth & development ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oryza/cytology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Long-distance dispersal of plants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants poses challenges to research because it involves rare events driven by complex and highly stochastic processes. The current surge of renewed interest in LDD, motivated by growing recognition of its critical importance for natural populations and communities and for humanity, promises an improved, quantitatively derived understanding of LDD. To gain deep insights into the patterns, mechanisms, causes, and consequences of LDD, we must look beyond the standard dispersal vectors and the mean trend of the distribution of dispersal distances. "Nonstandard" mechanisms such as extreme climatic events and generalized LDD vectors seem to hold the greatest explanatory power for the drastic deviations from the mean trend, deviations that make the nearly impossible LDD a reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Ran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; *Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes ; Water Movements ; *Weather ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Human hair growth deficiency is linked to a genetic defect in the phospholipase gene LIPH (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: The molecular mechanisms controlling human hair growth and scalp hair loss are poorly understood. By screening about 350,000 individuals in two populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we identified a gene mutation in families who show an inherited form of hair loss and a hair growth defect. Affected individuals were homozygous for a deletion in the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27, caused by short interspersed nuclear element-retrotransposon-mediated recombination. The LIPH gene is expressed in hair follicles and encodes a phospholipase called lipase H (alternatively known as membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A1alpha), an enzyme that regulates the production of bioactive lipids. These results suggest that lipase H participates in hair growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazantseva, Anastasiya -- Goltsov, Andrey -- Zinchenko, Rena -- Grigorenko, Anastasia P -- Abrukova, Anna V -- Moliaka, Yuri K -- Kirillov, Alexander G -- Guo, Zhiru -- Lyle, Stephen -- Ginter, Evgeny K -- Rogaev, Evgeny I -- K08-AR02179/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):982-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alu Elements ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; Hair/*growth & development ; Hair Follicle/enzymology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypotrichosis/*genetics ; Lipase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lod Score ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements ; Russia ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Meeting briefs. Java Man's first tools (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology, Cultural ; *Archaeology ; Biological Evolution ; *Hominidae ; Indonesia
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Soft tissue in dinosaur fossils? The evidence hardens (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Bone and Bones/chemistry/cytology/microbiology ; Collagen/analysis ; *Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; Hydroxyapatites/analysis ; Osteocalcin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Some frontiers in social science (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: The fundamental challenge in the social sciences is moving from complicated correlations to useful prediction. Progress usually reflects an interplay between theory, data, and tools. Six areas of innovation, principally data and tools, are now pushing at the frontiers of these sciences: longitudinal data, laboratory experimentation, improved statistical methods, geographic information tools, biosocial science, and international replication. These innovations are gaining power as they cross disciplinary boundaries, helping to attribute causality to observed relationships, to understand their nature, and thereby to improve the accuracy and usefulness of predictions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butz, William P -- Torrey, Barbara Boyle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20009, USA. wbutz@prb.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Genomics ; Geography ; Health Status ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Internationality ; Internet ; Longitudinal Studies ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurosciences ; Psychology, Social ; *Research ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Sciences/methods ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Good news--and bad (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Peer Review, Research ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; Scientific Misconduct
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    A bacterial protein enhances the release and efficacy of liposomal cancer drugs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: Clostridium novyi-NT is an anaerobic bacterium that can infect hypoxic regions within experimental tumors. Because C. novyi-NT lyses red blood cells, we hypothesized that its membrane-disrupting properties could be exploited to enhance the release of liposome-encapsulated drugs within tumors. Here, we show that treatment of mice bearing large, established tumors with C. novyi-NT plus a single dose of liposomal doxorubicin often led to eradication of the tumors. The bacterial factor responsible for the enhanced drug release was identified as a previously unrecognized protein termed liposomase. This protein could potentially be incorporated into diverse experimental approaches for the specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheong, Ian -- Huang, Xin -- Bettegowda, Chetan -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Zhou, Shibin -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Camptothecin/administration & dosage/analogs & ; derivatives/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Clostridium/*chemistry/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Doxorubicin/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lipase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Liposomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 17
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    Molecular phylogeny and evolution of morphology in the social amoebas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: The social amoebas (Dictyostelia) display conditional multicellularity in a wide variety of forms. Despite widespread interest in Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system, almost no molecular data exist from the rest of the group. We constructed the first molecular phylogeny of the Dictyostelia with parallel small subunit ribosomal RNA and a-tubulin data sets, and we found that dictyostelid taxonomy requires complete revision. A mapping of characters onto the phylogeny shows that the dominant trend in dictyostelid evolution is increased size and cell type specialization of fruiting structures, with some complex morphologies evolving several times independently. Thus, the latter may be controlled by only a few genes, making their underlying mechanisms relatively easy to unravel.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2173941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2173941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaap, Pauline -- Winckler, Thomas -- Nelson, Michaela -- Alvarez-Curto, Elisa -- Elgie, Barrie -- Hagiwara, Hiromitsu -- Cavender, James -- Milano-Curto, Alicia -- Rozen, Daniel E -- Dingermann, Theodor -- Mutzel, Rupert -- Baldauf, Sandra L -- 057137/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076618/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/D013453/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- COD16760/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD15EH Dundee, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Dictyosteliida/*classification/*cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Dictyostelium/classification/cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Protozoan ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Spores, Protozoan/cytology ; Tubulin/genetics
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    Virology. Genomic analysis hints at H5N1 pathogenicity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Birds ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Ligands ; Poultry ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Virulence/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedicine. Life, the universe, and body temperature (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saper, Clifford B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):773-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Ion Channels/genetics/physiology ; *Longevity ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Preoptic Area/*physiology
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    Phosphatized polar lobe-forming embryos from the Precambrian of southwest China (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: In developing embryos of some extant spiralian animals, polar lobe formation is one of the symmetry-breaking mechanisms for segregation of maternal cytoplasmic substances to certain blastomeres and not others. Polar lobe formation leads to unique early cleavage morphologies that include trilobed, J-shaped, and five-lobed structures. Fossil embryos similar to modern lobeforming embryos are recognized from the Precambrian Doushantuo Formation phosphates, Weng'an, Guizhou Province, China. These embryos are abundant and form a developmental sequence comparable to different developing stages observed in lobe-forming embryos of extant spiralians. These data imply that lobe formation is an evolutionarily ancient process of embryonic specification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Jun-Yuan -- Bottjer, David J -- Davidson, Eric H -- Dornbos, Stephen Q -- Gao, Xiang -- Yang, Yong-Hua -- Li, Chia-Wei -- Li, Gang -- Wang, Xiu-Qiang -- Xian, Ding-Chang -- Wu, Hung-Jen -- Hwu, Yeu-Kuang -- Tafforeau, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1644-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Institute of Evo/Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. chenjy@nju.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/embryology ; Biological Evolution ; Blastomeres/cytology ; China ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Embryonic Development ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Invertebrates/*embryology ; Mollusca/embryology ; Phosphates ; Platyhelminths/embryology
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    Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: We have developed an automatable procedure for reconstructing the tree of life with branch lengths comparable across all three domains. The tree has its basis in a concatenation of 31 orthologs occurring in 191 species with sequenced genomes. It revealed interdomain discrepancies in taxonomic classification. Systematic detection and subsequent exclusion of products of horizontal gene transfer increased phylogenetic resolution, allowing us to confirm accepted relationships and resolve disputed and preliminary classifications. For example, we place the phylum Acidobacteria as a sister group of delta-Proteobacteria, support a Gram-positive origin of Bacteria, and suggest a thermophilic last universal common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciccarelli, Francesca D -- Doerks, Tobias -- von Mering, Christian -- Creevey, Christopher J -- Snel, Berend -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1283-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/genetics ; Animals ; Archaea/*classification/genetics ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genome ; Invertebrates/*classification/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/*classification/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Vertebrates/*classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Large punctuational contribution of speciation to evolutionary divergence at the molecular level (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: A long-standing debate in evolutionary biology concerns whether species diverge gradually through time or by punctuational episodes at the time of speciation. We found that approximately 22% of substitutional changes at the DNA level can be attributed to punctuational evolution, and the remainder accumulates from background gradual divergence. Punctuational effects occur at more than twice the rate in plants and fungi than in animals, but the proportion of total divergence attributable to punctuational change does not vary among these groups. Punctuational changes cause departures from a clock-like tempo of evolution, suggesting that they should be accounted for in deriving dates from phylogenies. Punctuational episodes of evolution may play a larger role in promoting evolutionary divergence than has previously been appreciated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pagel, Mark -- Venditti, Chris -- Meade, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):119-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. m.pagel@rdg.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Founder Effect ; Fungi/classification/genetics ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Likelihood Functions ; Mathematics ; Models, Statistical ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plants/classification/genetics ; Sequence Alignment
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    Nitrogen fixation at 92 degrees C by a hydrothermal vent archaeon (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: A methanogenic archaeon isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluid was found to reduce N(2) to NH(3) at up to 92 degrees C, which is 28 degrees C higher than the current upper temperature limit of biological nitrogen fixation. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the hyperthermophilic nitrogen fixer, designated FS406-22, was 99% similar to that of non-nitrogen fixing Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661. At its optimal growth temperature of 90 degrees C, FS406-22 incorporated (15)N(2) and expressed nifH messenger RNA. This increase in the temperature limit of nitrogen fixation could reveal a broader range of conditions for life in the subseafloor biosphere and other nitrogen-limited ecosystems than previously estimated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehta, Mausmi P -- Baross, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1783-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. mausmi@alum.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, rRNA ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Hot Temperature ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Nitrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Operon ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Volcanic Eruptions
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    Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: The orb web is a spectacular evolutionary innovation that enables spiders to catch flying prey. This elegant, geometric structure is woven with silk fibers that are renowned for their superior mechanical properties. We used silk gland expression libraries to address a long-standing controversy concerning the evolution of the orb-web architecture. Contrary to the view that the orb-web design evolved multiple times, we found that the distribution and phylogeny of silk proteins support a single, ancient origin of the orb web at least 136 million years ago. Furthermore, we substantially expanded the repository of silk sequences that can be used for the synthesis of high-performance biomaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penalver, Enrique -- Grimaldi, David A -- Delclos, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amber ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Elasticity ; *Fossils ; Insects ; Mites ; Selection, Genetic ; *Silk ; *Spiders/classification/genetics
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    Chimpanzees recruit the best collaborators (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: Humans collaborate with non-kin in special ways, but the evolutionary foundations of these collaborative skills remain unclear. We presented chimpanzees with collaboration problems in which they had to decide when to recruit a partner and which potential partner to recruit. In an initial study, individuals recruited a collaborator only when solving the problem required collaboration. In a second study, individuals recruited the more effective of two partners on the basis of their experience with each of them on a previous day. Therefore, recognizing when collaboration is necessary and determining who is the best collaborative partner are skills shared by both chimpanzees and humans, so such skills may have been present in their common ancestor before humans evolved their own complex forms of collaboration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melis, Alicia P -- Hare, Brian -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1297-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany. melis@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Learning ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
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    Genetics. Honey bee genome illuminates insect evolution and social behavior (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Fossils ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome, Insect ; Insects/classification/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Social Behavior
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    Ecology. Plant wannabes (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/*physiology ; Digestive System/anatomy & histology/microbiology ; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Gastropoda/genetics/microbiology/*physiology ; Genes ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
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    Jim Hanken profile. An outsider moves in (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):755.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Developmental Biology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Museums ; United States ; Universities ; Zoology/history
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    Ancient noncoding elements conserved in the human genome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Cartilaginous fishes represent the living group of jawed vertebrates that diverged from the common ancestor of human and teleost fish lineages about 530 million years ago. We generated approximately 1.4x genome sequence coverage for a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and compared this genome with the human genome to identify conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). The elephant shark sequence revealed twice as many CNEs as were identified by whole-genome comparisons between teleost fishes and human. The ancient vertebrate-specific CNEs in the elephant shark and human genomes are likely to play key regulatory roles in vertebrate gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venkatesh, Byrappa -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Loh, Yong-Hwee -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Lee, Alison P -- Johnson, Justin -- Dandona, Nidhi -- Viswanathan, Lakshmi D -- Tay, Alice -- Venter, J Craig -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Brenner, Sydney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673. mcbbv@imcb.a-star.edu.sg〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sharks/*genetics ; Takifugu/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurd, Peter L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Antibody class switching mediated by yeast endonuclease-generated DNA breaks (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Antibody class switching in activated B cells uses class switch recombination (CSR), which joins activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent double-strand breaks (DSBs) within two large immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus switch (S) regions that lie up to 200 kilobases apart. To test postulated roles of S regions and AID in CSR, we generated mutant B cells in which donor Smu and accepter Sgamma1 regions were replaced with yeast I-SceI endonuclease sites. We found that site-specific I-SceI DSBs mediate recombinational IgH locus class switching from IgM to IgG1 without S regions or AID. We propose that CSR evolved to exploit a general DNA repair process that promotes joining of widely separated DSBs within a chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zarrin, Ali A -- Del Vecchio, Catherine -- Tseng, Eva -- Gleason, Megan -- Zarin, Payam -- Tian, Ming -- Alt, Frederick W -- 2P01AI031541-15/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01CA092625-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):377-81. Epub 2006 Dec 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, and Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Hybridomas ; *Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis/genetics ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Immunoglobulin Switch Region ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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    From individual dispersal to species ranges: perspectives for a changing world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Dispersal is often risky to the individual, yet the long-term survival of populations depends on having a sufficient number of individuals that move, find each other, and locate suitable breeding habitats. This tension has consequences that rarely meet our conservation or management goals. This is particularly true in changing environments, which makes the study of dispersal urgently topical in a world plagued with habitat loss, climate change, and species introductions. Despite the difficulty of tracking mobile individuals over potentially vast ranges, recent research has revealed a multitude of ways in which dispersal evolution can either constrain, or accelerate, species' responses to environmental changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokko, Hanna -- Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. hanna.kokko@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Genes ; Homing Behavior ; Humans ; *Movement ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
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    Chemistry. Pulling strings (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fontana, Walter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1552-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. walter@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; *Biotechnology ; *Computers, Molecular ; *Dna ; Logic ; Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Robotics ; Systems Biology ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulatory blueprint for a chordate embryo (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Ciona is an emerging model system for elucidating gene networks in development. Comprehensive in situ hybridization assays have identified 76 regulatory genes with localized expression patterns in the early embryo, at the time when naive blastomeres are determined to follow specific cell fates. Systematic gene disruption assays provided more than 3000 combinations of gene expression profiles in mutant backgrounds. Deduced gene circuit diagrams describing the formation of larval tissues were computationally visualized. These diagrams constitute a blueprint for the Ciona embryo and provide a foundation for understanding the evolutionary origins of the chordate body plan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Kaoru S -- Levine, Michael -- Satoh, Nori -- Satou, Yutaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1183-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Blastomeres/cytology/physiology ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Epidermis/cytology ; Gastrula/cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Nodal Protein ; Notochord/embryology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/physiology
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    Divergent induced responses to an invasive predator in marine mussel populations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Invasive species may precipitate evolutionary change in invaded communities. In southern New England (USA) the invasive Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, preys on mussels (Mytlius edulis), but the crab has not yet invaded northern New England. We show that southern New England mussels express inducible shell thickening when exposed to waterborne cues from Hemigrapsus, whereas naive northern mussel populations do not respond. Yet, both populations thicken their shells in response to a long-established crab, Carcinus maenas. Our findings are consistent with the rapid evolution of an inducible morphological response to Hemigrapsus within 15 years of its introduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, Aaren S -- Byers, James E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoology Department, Rudman Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. afreeman@cisunix.unh.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biological Evolution ; *Brachyura ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; Mytilus edulis/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; New England ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic ; Temperature
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    The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium. Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we review emerging evidence that in addition to their well-established roles in sight, smell, and mechanosensation, primary cilia are key participants in intercellular signaling. This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singla, Veena -- Reiter, Jeremy F -- R21 DK069423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21DK69423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/pathology/physiopathology ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Polarity ; Cilia/*physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects/pathology/physiopathology ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology/physiopathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizzari, Tommaso -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Blows, Mark W -- Brooks, Rob -- Buchanan, Katherine L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim H -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hosken, Dave J -- Jennions, Michael D -- Kokko, Hanna -- Kotiaho, Janne S -- Lessells, C M -- Macias-Garcia, Constantino -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Partigridge, Linda -- Pitnick, Scott -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Snook, Rhonda R -- Stockley, Paula -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid advance of spring arrival dates in long-distance migratory birds (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Several bird species have advanced the timing of their spring migration in response to recent climate change. European short-distance migrants, wintering in temperate areas, have been assumed to be more affected by change in the European climate than long-distance migrants wintering in the tropics. However, we show that long-distance migrants have advanced their spring arrival in Scandinavia more than short-distance migrants. By analyzing a long-term data set from southern Italy, we show that long-distance migrants also pass through the Mediterranean region earlier. We argue that this may reflect a climate-driven evolutionary change in the timing of spring migration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonzen, Niclas -- Linden, Andreas -- Ergon, Torbjorn -- Knudsen, Endre -- Vik, Jon Olav -- Rubolini, Diego -- Piacentini, Dario -- Brinch, Christian -- Spina, Fernando -- Karlsson, Lennart -- Stervander, Martin -- Andersson, Arne -- Waldenstrom, Jonas -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Edvardsen, Erik -- Solvang, Rune -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1959-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; *Climate ; Cues ; Flight, Animal ; Italy ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ; *Seasons
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Paleoanthropology. Paleoanthropology's unsung hero (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; France ; Geology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Paleontology
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    Science in Iran. Picking a path among the Fatwas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):292-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Iran ; *Islam ; *Religion and Science
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    Evolutionary paths underlying flower color variation in Antirrhinum (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: To understand evolutionary paths connecting diverse biological forms, we defined a three-dimensional genotypic space separating two flower color morphs of Antirrhinum. A hybrid zone between morphs showed a steep cline specifically at genes controlling flower color differences, indicating that these loci are under selection. Antirrhinum species with diverse floral phenotypes formed a U-shaped cloud within the genotypic space. We propose that this cloud defines an evolutionary path that allows flower color to evolve while circumventing less-adaptive regions. Hybridization between morphs located in different arms of the U-shaped path yields low-fitness genotypes, accounting for the observed steep clines at hybrid zones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whibley, Annabel C -- Langlade, Nicolas B -- Andalo, Christophe -- Hanna, Andrew I -- Bangham, Andrew -- Thebaud, Christophe -- Coen, Enrico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):963-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Antirrhinum/classification/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Flowers/*genetics ; Gene Flow ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Pigments, Biological/genetics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Developmental biology. How many ways to make a chordate? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemaire, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1145-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille Luminy, UMR6216 CNRS-Universite de la Mediterranee, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. lemaire@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Ligands ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Accelerated evolution of conserved noncoding sequences in humans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Changes in gene regulation likely influenced the profound phenotypic divergence of humans from other mammals, but the extent of adaptive substitution in human regulatory sequences remains unknown. We identified 992 conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) with a significant excess of human-specific substitutions. These accelerated elements were disproportionately found near genes involved in neuronal cell adhesion. To assess the uniqueness of human noncoding evolution, we examined CNSs accelerated in chimpanzee and mouse. Although we observed a similar enrichment near neuronal adhesion genes in chimpanzee, the accelerated CNSs themselves exhibited almost no overlap with those in human, suggesting independent evolution toward different neuronal phenotypes in each species. CNSs accelerated in mouse showed no bias toward neuronal cell adhesion. Our results indicate that widespread cis-regulatory changes in human evolution may have contributed to uniquely human features of brain development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Noonan, James P -- Paabo, Svante -- Rubin, Edward M -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Adhesion/*genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Cognition ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Virology. Sensing viral RNA amid your own (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujita, Takashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606- 8507, Japan. tfujita@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cytoplasm/metabolism/virology ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Diseases/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Dodeca-CLE peptides as suppressors of plant stem cell differentiation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: In plants and animals, small peptide ligands that signal in cell-cell communication have been suggested to be a crucial component of development. A bioassay of single-cell transdifferentation demonstrates that a dodecapeptide with two hydroxyproline residues is the functional product of genes from the CLE family, which includes CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis. The dodecapeptide suppresses xylem cell development at a concentration of 10(-11) M and promotes cell division. An application, corresponding to all 26 Arabidopsis CLE protein family members, of synthetic dodecapeptides reveals two counteracting signaling pathways involved in stem cell fate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Yasuko -- Nakanomyo, Ikuko -- Motose, Hiroyasu -- Iwamoto, Kuninori -- Sawa, Shinichiro -- Dohmae, Naoshi -- Fukuda, Hiroo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):842-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/cytology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Asteraceae/*cytology ; Base Sequence ; Biological Assay ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Ligands ; Meristem/cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/growth & development ; Plant Structures/*cytology ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Nannoplankton extinction and origination across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approximately 55 million years ago) was an interval of global warming and ocean acidification attributed to rapid release and oxidation of buried carbon. We show that the onset of the PETM coincided with a prominent increase in the origination and extinction of calcareous phytoplankton. Yet major perturbation of the surface-water saturation state across the PETM was not detrimental to the survival of most calcareous nannoplankton taxa and did not impart a calcification or ecological bias to the pattern of evolutionary turnover. Instead, the rate of environmental change appears to have driven turnover, preferentially affecting rare taxa living close to their viable limits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Samantha J -- Bown, Paul R -- Sessa, Jocelyn A -- Bralower, Timothy J -- Wilson, Paul A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1770-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. sxg@noc.soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; New Jersey ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; *Phytoplankton/classification ; *Plankton/classification ; Rivers ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Molecular biology. Accurate RNA siting and splicing gets help from a DEK-hand (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kress, Tracy L -- Guthrie, Christine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1886-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism ; *Introns ; Models, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Precursors/*metabolism ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/metabolism
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    Vision's grand theorist (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):78-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Models, Neurological ; Motion Perception ; United States ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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    Paleoanthropology. Tools link Indonesian 'hobbits' to earlier Homo ancestor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1293.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*classification ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Paleontology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on 4.5 kilobases of sequence data from six gene regions extracted from 139 of the 288 described extant genera, representing 19 of the 20 subfamilies. All but two subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic. Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. This period also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreau, Corrie S -- Bell, Charles D -- Vila, Roger -- Archibald, S Bruce -- Pierce, Naomi E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmoreau@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; Animals ; Ants/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; *Phylogeny ; Time ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Synthesis-mediated release of a small RNA inhibitor of RNA polymerase (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Noncoding small RNAs regulate gene expression in all organisms, in some cases through direct association with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Here we report that the mechanism of 6S RNA inhibition of transcription is through specific, stable interactions with the active site of Escherichia coli RNAP that exclude promoter DNA binding. In fact, the DNA-dependent RNAP uses bound 6S RNA as a template for RNA synthesis, producing 14-to 20-nucleotide RNA products (pRNA). These results demonstrate that 6S RNA is functionally engaged in the active site of RNAP. Synthesis of pRNA destabilizes 6S RNA-RNAP complexes leading to release of the pRNA-6S RNA hybrid. In vivo, 6S RNA-directed RNA synthesis occurs during outgrowth from the stationary phase and likely is responsible for liberating RNAP from 6S RNA in response to nutrient availability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wassarman, Karen M -- Saecker, Ruth M -- GM23467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM67955/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067955/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. wassarman@bact.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sigma Factor/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Developmental biology. Morphing into shape (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, David L -- R01 GM063622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063622-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):50-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dstern@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & ; development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organ Size ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Wings, Animal/cytology/*growth & development
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    Neuroscience. No more cortical neurons for you (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, Pasko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):928-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA. pasko.rakic@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA/chemistry ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neocortex/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology
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    Thrice out of Africa: ancient and recent expansions of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has involved the near-replacement of previously introduced "European" honey bees by descendants of more recently introduced A. m. scutellata ("African" or "killer" bees). Our analyses of spatial transects and temporal series in the New World revealed differential replacement of alleles derived from eastern versus western Europe, with admixture evident in all individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, Charles W -- Behura, Susanta K -- Berlocher, Stewart H -- Clark, Andrew G -- Johnston, J Spencer -- Sheppard, Walter S -- Smith, Deborah R -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Weaver, Daniel -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, IL 61801, USA. charlie@life.uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asia ; Bees/classification/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; North America ; Phylogeny ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic ; Software ; South America ; Time
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    Initial transcription by RNA polymerase proceeds through a DNA-scrunching mechanism (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-18
    Description: Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer to monitor distances within single molecules of abortively initiating transcription initiation complexes, we show that initial transcription proceeds through a "scrunching" mechanism, in which RNA polymerase (RNAP) remains fixed on promoter DNA and pulls downstream DNA into itself and past its active center. We show further that putative alternative mechanisms for RNAP active-center translocation in initial transcription, involving "transient excursions" of RNAP relative to DNA or "inchworming" of RNAP relative to DNA, do not occur. The results support a model in which a stressed intermediate, with DNA-unwinding stress and DNA-compaction stress, is formed during initial transcription, and in which accumulated stress is used to drive breakage of interactions between RNAP and promoter DNA and between RNAP and initiation factors during promoter escape.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754788/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754788/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapanidis, Achillefs N -- Margeat, Emmanuel -- Ho, Sam On -- Kortkhonjia, Ekaterine -- Weiss, Shimon -- Ebright, Richard H -- GM069709-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM41376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM041376-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069709/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069709-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1144-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. a.kapanidis1@physics.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcription, Genetic/*physiology
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    Human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes modulate protein expression by altering mRNA secondary structure (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key regulator of pain perception, cognitive function, and affective mood. Three common haplotypes of the human COMT gene, divergent in two synonymous and one nonsynonymous position, code for differences in COMT enzymatic activity and are associated with pain sensitivity. Haplotypes divergent in synonymous changes exhibited the largest difference in COMT enzymatic activity, due to a reduced amount of translated protein. The major COMT haplotypes varied with respect to messenger RNA local stem-loop structures, such that the most stable structure was associated with the lowest protein levels and enzymatic activity. Site-directed mutagenesis that eliminated the stable structure restored the amount of translated protein. These data highlight the functional significance of synonymous variations and suggest the importance of haplotypes over single-nucleotide polymorphisms for analysis of genetic variations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nackley, A G -- Shabalina, S A -- Tchivileva, I E -- Satterfield, K -- Korchynskyi, O -- Makarov, S S -- Maixner, W -- Diatchenko, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1930-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurosensory Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; PC12 Cells ; Pain/genetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Community genomics among stratified microbial assemblages in the ocean's interior (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: Microbial life predominates in the ocean, yet little is known about its genomic variability, especially along the depth continuum. We report here genomic analyses of planktonic microbial communities in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from the ocean's surface to near-sea floor depths. Sequence variation in microbial community genes reflected vertical zonation of taxonomic groups, functional gene repertoires, and metabolic potential. The distributional patterns of microbial genes suggested depth-variable community trends in carbon and energy metabolism, attachment and motility, gene mobility, and host-viral interactions. Comparative genomic analyses of stratified microbial communities have the potential to provide significant insight into higher-order community organization and dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLong, Edward F -- Preston, Christina M -- Mincer, Tracy -- Rich, Virginia -- Hallam, Steven J -- Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik -- Martinez, Asuncion -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Edwards, Robert -- Brito, Beltran Rodriguez -- Chisholm, Sallie W -- Karl, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):496-503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. delong@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cluster Analysis ; Computational Biology ; Cosmids ; DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Archaeal ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buss, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior
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    Tandem riboswitch architectures exhibit complex gene control functions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: Riboswitches are structured RNAs typically located in the 5' untranslated regions of bacterial mRNAs that bind metabolites and control gene expression. Most riboswitches sense one metabolite and function as simple genetic switches. However, we found that the 5' region of the Bacillus clausii metE messenger RNA includes two riboswitches that respond to S-adenosylmethionine and coenzyme B12. This tandem arrangement yields a composite gene control system that functions as a two-input Boolean NOR logic gate. These findings and the discovery of additional tandem riboswitch architectures reveal how simple RNA elements can be assembled to make sophisticated genetic decisions without involving protein factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudarsan, Narasimhan -- Hammond, Ming C -- Block, Kirsten F -- Welz, Rudiger -- Barrick, Jeffrey E -- Roth, Adam -- Breaker, Ronald R -- GM 068819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 07223-31/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):300-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/*metabolism ; Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacillus/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cobamides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Ligands ; Methionine/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; S-Adenosylmethionine/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Positive natural selection in the human lineage (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Positive natural selection is the force that drives the increase in prevalence of advantageous traits, and it has played a central role in our development as a species. Until recently, the study of natural selection in humans has largely been restricted to comparing individual candidate genes to theoretical expectations. The advent of genome-wide sequence and polymorphism data brings fundamental new tools to the study of natural selection. It is now possible to identify new candidates for selection and to reevaluate previous claims by comparison with empirical distributions of DNA sequence variation across the human genome and among populations. The flood of data and analytical methods, however, raises many new challenges. Here, we review approaches to detect positive natural selection, describe results from recent analyses of genome-wide data, and discuss the prospects and challenges ahead as we expand our understanding of the role of natural selection in shaping the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabeti, P C -- Schaffner, S F -- Fry, B -- Lohmueller, J -- Varilly, P -- Shamovsky, O -- Palma, A -- Mikkelsen, T S -- Altshuler, D -- Lander, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1614-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Biological Evolution ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Conflicting evidence about long-distance animal navigation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Because of conflicting evidence about several fundamental issues, long-distance animal navigation has yet to be satisfactorily explained. Among the unsolved problems are the nature of genetic spatial control of migration and the relationships between celestial and magnetic compass mechanisms and between different map-related cues in orientation and homing, respectively. In addition, navigation is expected to differ between animal groups depending on sensory capabilities and ecological conditions. Evaluations based on modern long-term tracking techniques of the geometry of migration routes and individual migration history, combined with behavioral experiments and exploration of the sensory and genetic mechanisms, will be crucial for understanding the spatial principles that guide animals on their global journeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alerstam, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):791-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. thomas.alerstam@ekol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Cues ; Fishes/physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Geography ; Magnetics ; Memory ; Orientation ; Smell ; Telemetry ; Turtles/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A genomewide search for ribozymes reveals an HDV-like sequence in the human CPEB3 gene (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Ribozymes are thought to have played a pivotal role in the early evolution of life, but relatively few have been identified in modern organisms. We performed an in vitro selection aimed at isolating self-cleaving RNAs from the human genome. The selection yielded several ribozymes, one of which is a conserved mammalian sequence that resides in an intron of the CPEB3 gene, which belongs to a family of genes regulating messenger RNA polyadenylation. The CPEB3 ribozyme is structurally and biochemically related to the human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozymes. The occurrence of this ribozyme exclusively in mammals suggests that it may have evolved as recently as 200 million years ago. We postulate that HDV arose from the human transcriptome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salehi-Ashtiani, Kourosh -- Luptak, Andrej -- Litovchick, Alexander -- Szostak, Jack W -- GM53936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL66678/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1788-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), 7215 Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Catalysis ; Cations, Divalent/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Genome, Human ; Genomic Library ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/genetics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Anthropology. A tool for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambrose, Stanley H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):930-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ambrose@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; *Diet ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Lasers ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; *Paleodontology ; *Seasons ; South Africa ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A mutant chaperone converts a wild-type protein into a tumor-specific antigen (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies have become important therapeutic agents against certain cancers. Many tumor-specific antigens are mutant proteins that are predominantly intracellular and thus not readily accessible to monoclonal antibodies. We found that a wild-type transmembrane protein could be transformed into a tumor-specific antigen. A somatic mutation in the chaperone gene Cosmc abolished function of a glycosyltransferase, disrupting O-glycan Core 1 synthesis and creating a tumor-specific glycopeptidic neo-epitope consisting of a monosaccharide and a specific wild-type protein sequence. This epitope induced a high-affinity, highly specific, syngeneic monoclonal antibody with antitumor activity. Such tumor-specific glycopeptidic neo-epitopes represent potential targets for monoclonal antibody therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schietinger, Andrea -- Philip, Mary -- Yoshida, Barbara A -- Azadi, Parastoo -- Liu, Hui -- Meredith, Stephen C -- Schreiber, Hans -- HD 07009/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA97296/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41RR018502-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA22677/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA37516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):304-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Committee on Immunology, Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. aschieti@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylgalactosamine/analysis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry/*immunology ; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/analysis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epitopes/immunology ; Galactosyltransferases/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*immunology ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structure of the eukaryotic thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch with its regulatory ligand (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Riboswitches are untranslated regions of messenger RNA, which adopt alternate structures depending on the binding of specific metabolites. Such conformational switching regulates the expression of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of riboswitch substrates. Here, we present the 2.9 angstrom-resolution crystal structure of the eukaryotic Arabidopsis thaliana thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-specific riboswitch in complex with its natural ligand. The riboswitch specifically recognizes the TPP via conserved residues located within two highly distorted parallel "sensor" helices. The structure provides the basis for understanding the reorganization of the riboswitch fold upon TPP binding and explains the mechanism of resistance to the antibiotic pyrithiamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thore, Stephane -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1208-11. Epub 2006 May 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ban@mol.biol.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*chemistry/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Resistance ; Genes, Plant ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Pyrithiamine/pharmacology ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Paleoecology. Life's complexity cast in stone (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1254-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@museum.hu-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior
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    Lineages of acidophilic archaea revealed by community genomic analysis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Novel, low-abundance microbial species can be easily overlooked in standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based surveys. We used community genomic data obtained without PCR or cultivation to reconstruct DNA fragments bearing unusual 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein-coding genes from organisms belonging to novel archaeal lineages. The organisms are minor components of all biofilms growing in pH 0.5 to 1.5 solutions within the Richmond Mine, California. Probes specific for 16S rRNA showed that the fraction less than 0.45 micrometers in diameter is dominated by these organisms. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that the cells are pleomorphic with unusual folded membrane protrusions and have apparent volumes of 〈0.006 cubic micrometer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Brett J -- Tyson, Gene W -- Webb, Richard I -- Flanagan, Judith -- Hugenholtz, Philip -- Allen, Eric E -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1933-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Biofilms ; California ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Archaeal ; Databases, Genetic ; *Ecosystem ; *Euryarchaeota/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, rRNA ; *Genome, Archaeal ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Phylogeny ; Pyrophosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Temperature
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    Enzyme-free nucleic acid logic circuits (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Biological organisms perform complex information processing and control tasks using sophisticated biochemical circuits, yet the engineering of such circuits remains ineffective compared with that of electronic circuits. To systematically create complex yet reliable circuits, electrical engineers use digital logic, wherein gates and subcircuits are composed modularly and signal restoration prevents signal degradation. We report the design and experimental implementation of DNA-based digital logic circuits. We demonstrate AND, OR, and NOT gates, signal restoration, amplification, feedback, and cascading. Gate design and circuit construction is modular. The gates use single-stranded nucleic acids as inputs and outputs, and the mechanism relies exclusively on sequence recognition and strand displacement. Biological nucleic acids such as microRNAs can serve as inputs, suggesting applications in biotechnology and bioengineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seelig, Georg -- Soloveichik, David -- Zhang, David Yu -- Winfree, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; *Biotechnology ; *Computers, Molecular ; *Dna ; *DNA, Single-Stranded ; Logic ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; Nanostructures ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
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    A NAC Gene regulating senescence improves grain protein, zinc, and iron content in wheat (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: Enhancing the nutritional value of food crops is a means of improving human nutrition and health. We report here the positional cloning of Gpc-B1, a wheat quantitative trait locus associated with increased grain protein, zinc, and iron content. The ancestral wild wheat allele encodes a NAC transcription factor (NAM-B1) that accelerates senescence and increases nutrient remobilization from leaves to developing grains, whereas modern wheat varieties carry a nonfunctional NAM-B1 allele. Reduction in RNA levels of the multiple NAM homologs by RNA interference delayed senescence by more than 3 weeks and reduced wheat grain protein, zinc, and iron content by more than 30%.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737439/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737439/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uauy, Cristobal -- Distelfeld, Assaf -- Fahima, Tzion -- Blechl, Ann -- Dubcovsky, Jorge -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1298-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes, Plant ; Iron/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Triticum/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Zinc/*metabolism
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    Decay of endoplasmic reticulum-localized mRNAs during the unfolded protein response (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: The unfolded protein response (UPR) allows the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to recover from the accumulation of misfolded proteins, in part by increasing its folding capacity. Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) promotes this remodeling by detecting misfolded ER proteins and activating a transcription factor, X-box-binding protein 1, through endonucleolytic cleavage of its messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we report that IRE1 independently mediates the rapid degradation of a specific subset of mRNAs, based both on their localization to the ER membrane and on the amino acid sequence they encode. This response is well suited to complement other UPR mechanisms because it could selectively halt production of proteins that challenge the ER and clear the translocation and folding machinery for the subsequent remodeling process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hollien, Julie -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Exoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    AAAS annual meeting. Preyed upon, hominids began to cooperate (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1095.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Predatory Behavior ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural basis of glmS ribozyme activation by glucosamine-6-phosphate (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: The glmS ribozyme is the only natural catalytic RNA known to require a small-molecule activator for catalysis. This catalytic RNA functions as a riboswitch, with activator-dependent RNA cleavage regulating glmS messenger RNA expression. We report crystal structures of the glmS ribozyme in precleavage states that are unliganded or bound to the competitive inhibitor glucose-6-phosphate and in the postcleavage state. All structures superimpose closely, revealing a remarkably rigid RNA that contains a preformed active and coenzyme-binding site. Unlike other riboswitches, the glmS ribozyme binds its activator in an open, solvent-accessible pocket. Our structures suggest that the amine group of the glmS ribozyme-bound coenzyme performs general acid-base and electrostatic catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Daniel J -- Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R -- GM63576/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1752-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glucosamine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphate/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)/*genetics/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Thermoanaerobacter/enzymology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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