ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Danksagung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abbildungsverzeichnis -- Tabellenverzeichnis -- Abkürzungen -- 1 Einleitung: Kulturräumliche Unterschiede im Umgang mit Klimawandel? -- 2 Klimakulturen und Raum: Theoretische Grundlagen -- 2.1 Kultur -- 2.1.1 Kultur in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Klimaforschung -- 2.1.2 Kulturverständnis I: Kollektiv geteiltes Wissen -- 2.1.3 Kulturverständnis II: Sozialkonstruktivistischer Wissensbegriff -- 2.1.4 „Klimakulturen" als kollektiv geteilte Vulnerabilitäts- und Resilienzkonstruktionen -- 2.2 Raum

Description / Table of Contents: 2.2.1 Raumphänomene im Wandel? Die Deterritorialisierungsthese als Herausforderung kulturvergleichender Soziologie -- 2.2.2 Raumvorstellungen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: Absoluter und Relationaler Raum - Raumdimensionen - Sozialer und Physischer Raum -- 2.3 Synthese: Kulturraum als relationaler Raum -- 2.3.1 Relationaler Kulturraum I: Sozialtheoretische Konzeptualisierung -- 2.3.2 Relationaler Kulturraum II: Methodische Ansätze zur Beobachtung -- 2.4 Zwischenfazit -- 3 Klimawandel-Konstruktionen in den Naturwissenschaften: Grundbegriffe und Wissensgenese -- 3.1 Klimabegriffe der Gegenwart

Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Zur historischen Konstruktion naturwissenschaftlichen Klimawissens und seiner globalen Institutionen -- 3.3 Vulnerabilitätskonstruktionen im jüngeren Diskurs: Klimaveränderungen und diskutierte Folgen für Küstenräume Europas -- 3.3.1 Klimaveränderungen und -projektionen in globaler und europäischer Skalierung -- 3.3.2 Besonderheiten der nationalen Küsten in den Diskursen -- 3.4 Zwischenfazit -- 4 Resilienzkonstruktionen als Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungspraktiken: Eine Einführung in diskutierte Kernstrategien der Raumentwicklung -- 4.1 Zum Begriff der Raumentwicklung -- 4.2 Klimaschutz

Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen: Suffizienz-, Effizienz- und Konsistenzstrategien -- 4.2.2 Aufnahme von Treibhausgasen aus der Atmosphäre: Ökologische und technische Senken -- 4.3 Klimaanpassung -- 4.3.1 Maßnahmen gegen Meeresflutungen und Binnenwasser: Protektion, Integration, Rückzug -- 4.3.2 Maßnahmen gegen Hitze: Gebäudeoptimierung, Rückbau, Oberflächengestaltung -- 4.3.3 Maßnahmen gegen Stürme: Technische Verstärkung von Gebäuden, Zufluchten -- 4.4 Zwischenfazit -- 5 Erklärungen für klimakulturelle Differenzen: Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskurse und Ableitung von Hypothesen

Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Überblick über das theoretische Rahmenwerk zur Erklärung klimakultureller Differenzen -- 5.2 Hintergrundwissen -- 5.2.1 Werte -- 5.2.1.1 Zum Begriff ‚Werte' -- 5.2.1.2 Forschungsstand: Werte als Erklärungen für klimabezogenes Handeln -- 5.2.1.3 Forschungsansatz dieser Studie: Wertorientierungen nach Shalom Schwartz -- 5.2.1.4 Ableitung von Hypothesen -- 5.2.2 Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen: Ökologische Weltbilder -- 5.2.2.1 Zu den Begriffen ‚Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen' und ‚Ökologische Weltbilder' -- 5.2.2.2 Kernkonzepte: Neues Ökologisches Paradigma (NEP) und Cultural Theory of Risk

Description / Table of Contents: 5.2.2.3 Forschungsstand: Ökologische Weltbilder als Erklärungen für klimabezogenes Handeln

Description / Table of Contents: 'Resource Economics' engages students and practitioners in natural resource and environmental issues from both local and global standpoints. The 4th edition of this approachable but rigorous text provides a new focus on risk and uncertainty as well as new applications that address the effect of new energy technologies on scarcity and climate change mitigation and adaptation, while preserving and systematically updating the approach and key features that drew many thousands of readers to the first three editions

Description / Table of Contents: The global financial crisis has led to more and more focus on corporate governance and financial institutions. There has been much coverage in the media about various corporate governance related issues in banks and other financial institutions, such as executive directors' remuneration and bankers' bonuses, board composition and board diversity. This book, dedicated to the corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions, makes a timely and accessible contribution to the literature in this area. The contributors are experts in their field with in-depth knowledge of the various countries including Italy, the UK, Germany, the US, China, Japan, Brazil, Russia, Australia and Nigeria, plus a chapter on Islamic financial institutions, covered in this book. Overall, the engagingly written chapters highlight many of the shortcomings of corporate governance which have led to financial scandals, whilst indicating areas where corporate governance can be strengthened and improved.Adding depth and accessibility to existing corporate governance books, this Handbook is ideal as a teaching and learning tool for undergraduate and postgraduate students. For directors and the general business and wider stakeholder communities concerned with corporate governance, it is an essential resource

Description / Table of Contents: "This book investigates the political conditions and policies most likely to bring about progress toward inclusive development, drawing on in-depth analyses of four cases studies with distinct development trajectories (Mexico, Indonesia, Chile and South Korea). While exclusion and differential inclusion have long been features of development in the Global South, economic globalization has introduced new forms with which Global South countries must grapple. The book highlights the main policy drawbacks of most official approaches: neglect of the need to enhance the role and capacity of states, the focus on certain types of poverty alleviation strategies, and the tendency to disregard the need for productive employment generating activities and rural development. Neglect of issues of power and politics, however, is the most glaring inadequacy. Teichman argues that making progress toward inclusive development is primarily a political struggle. It requires a committed leadership with broadly based societal support - an inclusive development coalition - which includes usually small but politically important middle classes."

Description / Table of Contents: "Drawing from four case studies (Mexico, Indonesia, Chile and South Korea), the book investigates the political conditions and policies most likely to bring about progress toward inclusive development. It argues that progress toward inclusive development is primarily a political struggle, one requiring a committed leadership with broadly based societal support, an inclusive development coalition."

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Limnology, History and Comparative Legends -- 1: Pavin, the Birthplace of French Limnology (1770-2012), and Its Degassing Controversy (1986-2016) -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Analysis of Pavin Actors, History and Perception Through an Interdisciplinary and Intercomparative Approach -- 1.3 Pavin, a Typical Maar-Lake Above any Contamination Source -- 1.3.1 Pavin General Features -- 1.3.2 Pavin Compared to Other Lakes of the Cézallier Lake District -- 1.3.3 Pavin Compared to Other European Maar-Lakes -- 1.3.3.1 Eifel Lakes

Description / Table of Contents: 1.3.3.2 Italian Lakes -- 1.4 Pavin Scientific Exploration (1770-1985) -- 1.4.1 Chevalier's Expedition (1770) -- 1.4.2 Lecoq, the Great Auvergne Naturalist, Normalizes Pavin… with Fishes (1847-1871) -- 1.4.3 The First Golden Age of Science at Pavin: Berthoule, Delebecque, Martel, Bruyant (1880-1914) -- 1.4.3.1 Clermont Botanists and Zoologists Establish the Limnological Station at Besse -- 1.4.3.2 André Delebecque at Pavin (1892) -- 1.4.3.3 Edouard-Alfred Martel at Creux de Soucy (1892) -- 1.4.4 Pavin Meromixis Discovery by Olivier and Pelletier (1950-1960s)

Description / Table of Contents: 1.5 Pavin Acquires a Status of International Field Laboratory (1965-2000) -- 1.5.1 International Projects Select Pavin as a Pristine Lake (1965-1975) -- 1.5.2 Pavin, a Laboratory for Innovative Lake Research (1965-1986) -- 1.6 Maar Lakes Degassing Evidence in Cameroun and Italy -- 1.6.1 Nyos (21 August 1986) and Monoun (15 August 1984) Degassing Events and Their Effects on Populations -- 1.6.2 Ancient Degassing Events in Italian Maar-Lakes, Albano and Monticchio -- 1.6.2.1 The Albano Catastrophic Degassing and Spillover Event in Latium (398 BC)

Description / Table of Contents: 1.6.2.2 Monticchio Lakes (Southern Italy) and Their Pioneer Degassing Studies, 1777-1838 -- 1.7 Sensory Grid of Degassing in Maar-Lakes -- 1.8 Pavin Degassing Controversy (1986-2016) -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Pavin, A Rich but Fragmented History (200 AD-2016) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Finding Pavin Puzzle Pieces -- 2.3 Pavin's History Highlights -- 2.3.1 Antiquity: A Pompeian Millstone Retrieved from Pavin Waters in 1909 -- 2.3.2 Early Antique and Medieval Worship Near Pavin, on the Vassivière Mountain

Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.3 Lacus pavens Terrifies the Whole Region Throughout the Sixteenth Century -- 2.3.3.1 The Terrible Explosion Witnessed at Vassivière by Besse People (28 August 1551 Pavin Event) -- 2.3.3.2 A Hazardous Abyss, Generating Storm, Thunder and Hail, Presented to Charles IX (1566) -- 2.3.3.3 Pavin Painted on the First Realistic Landscape Picture in France (1571-1579) -- 2.3.3.4 Pavin Marvelous Response to a Thrown Stone in Belleforest's Cosmographia Universalis (1575) -- 2.3.3.5 Lacus pavens, the Terrifying Lake, Is the Original Pavin Name (Banc 1605)

Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.4 The Admirable and Terrifying Pavens Gets Famous During the Seventeenth Century

Description / Table of Contents: The power of technology? -- Risk and responsibility? -- The ethical anatomy of disasters? -- Remaking nature? -- Tinkering with humans? -- Information's wild frontiers? -- Whose knowledge, whose property? -- Reclaiming the future? -- The ethics of invention?

Description / Table of Contents: Mit diesem Buch liegt erstmalig eine umfangreiche, vollständige Beschreibung der regionalen Hydrogeologie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vor. Mehr als 50 Fachautoren aus den Staatlichen Geologischen Diensten und der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe haben hierzu beigetragen. Die Texte sind so formuliert, dass sie sowohl dem Fachmann einen schnellen Überblick liefern als auch dem interessierten Laien verständlich sind. Das Bundesgebiet wird in zehn hydrogeologische Großräume, 36 hydrogeologische Räume und 247 hydrogeologische Teilräume untergliedert. Diese Teilräume und ihre Hydrogeologie werden detailliert beschrieben. Gesteinsart, Hohlraumart, Verfestigung, hydraulische Durchlässigkeit und der geochemische Gesteinstyp der regional jeweils wichtigsten Grundwasserleiter werden dokumentiert. Es folgt eine Charakterisierung des Stockwerkbaus (Lithologie und Abfolge) der hydrogeologischen Einheiten sowie ihrer Mächtigkeiten. Ebenso dokumentiert sind die Grundwasserdynamik mit Flurabständen, Vorflutverhältnissen und Potenzialverhältnissen im Grundwasser sowie die Ergiebigkeiten. Abschließend erfolgt eine Beurteilung der Schutzfunktion der Grundwasserüberdeckung und der wasserwirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des jeweiligen Teilraumes.

Description / Table of Contents: The rivers of East Asia are some of the largest and most important to human society and the global economy. They drain a variety of terrains from the Tibetan plateau, the hill country of southern China and the steep mountains of Taiwan. The sediment they carry potentially records the long-term evolution of continental environments within the marine stratigraphic record. Sediments reaching the ocean have to traverse the wide continental shelves where they may be reworked and transported by longshore currents, typhoon storm waves, as well as large ocean currents such as the Kuroshio. Deciphering any marine record requires us to understand the dynamics of sediment transport on the continental shelves, and this region acts as a global type example of such processes. Studies in this volume span a wide range of subdisciplines in the marine sciences and provide new insights into how sediment is distributed offshore after leaving the river mouths.

Description / Table of Contents: "In 2006, Chile teemed with protesters after finance minister Andres Velasco invested budget surpluses from the nation's historic copper boom in two Sovereign Wealth Funds. A year later, when prices plummeted and unemployment soared, Chile's government was able to stimulate recovery by drawing on the funds. State-owned investment vehicles that hold public funds in a wide range of assets, Sovereign Wealth Funds enable governments to access an unprecedented degree of wealth. Consequently, more countries are seeking to establish them. Looking at Chile, China, Australia, Singapore, and numerous other examples, including a comparative analysis of Britain and Norway's use of oil revenues, Angela Cummine tackles the key ethical questions surrounding their use, including: To whom does the wealth belong? How should the funds be managed, invested, and distributed? With sovereign funds--and media attention--continuing to grow, this is an invaluable look at a hotly debated economic issue."

Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains

Description / Table of Contents: "Over the last few years the Arctic has become a region of growing interest to the international community. Major environmental, economic, social, and security issues are all in evidence within its borders today. Many feel that there is an urgent need to establish an effective governance structure for the area. The Arctic Council has offered a basic forum for circumpolar consultation and cooperation over the past two decades. However, it has not been an easy undertaking and the organization has had to wrestle with a series of internal and external impediments that have hindered its forward progress. This volume explores the efforts of Sweden, a recent Chair of the Arctic Council, to build an enhanced framework for consensus-building and governance within the circumpolar region. It examines its efforts to provide focused leadership for the Arctic Council and to advance the environmental protection and sustainable development missions of the organization. It considers the various means by which Sweden utilized its position as chair of the Arctic Council to promote its program for action in both these areas. It also explores how this leadership position enabled it to foster necessary organizational reform within the body. The book gives new insight into how both the formal and informal 'powers of the chair' can be utilized to facilitate institutional growth and change. It also provides new and useful understanding of how a small country like Sweden can harness key elements of 'soft power' to advance its foreign policy objectives in the Arctic. The author closely followed the undertakings of the Swedish Chairmanship team over its two years at the helm of this emerging Arctic international organization. He witnessed its several successes and a few of its disappointments. The volume offers a behind the scene view of the challenges and opportunities faced by contemporary diplomats as they pursue their efforts at international organization"--

Description / Table of Contents: TThis book presents interdisciplinary evaluation criteria for MWEPs and applies the criteria to the Lower Jordan Valley (Middle East) and the Fergana Valley (Central Asia). Both cases are characterized by transboundary conflicts, challenges caused by demographic and climate change, and by political and societal pressures. Based on the findings, the book provides recommendations for science and political decisions makers as well as for international financing institutions. It also outlines research gaps from an interdisciplinary perspective. In the past, major water engineering projects (MWEPs) have been used as an instrument to cope with the demands of growing populations and for enhancing development progress. Experiences with MWEPs have shown that a purely technical approach has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, MWEPs even had negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and enhanced technologies for a sustainable water resource management system are needed in order to meet present and future challenges. Furthermore, the continuous evaluation and optimization of these measures is essential. This book presents the results of the Interdisciplinary Research Group "Society – Water – Technology" of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Description / Table of Contents: This work summarizes the historical progression of the field of lithium (Li) isotope studies and provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the research applications toward which they have been directed. In synthesizing the historical and current research, the volume also suggests prospective future directions of study. Not even a full decade has passed since the publication of a broadly inclusive summary of Li isotope research around the globe (Tomascak, 2004). In this short time, the use of this isotope system in the investigation of geo- and cosmochemical questions has increased dramatically, due, in part, to the advent of new analytical technology at the end of the last millennium. Lithium, as a light element that forms low-charge, moderate-sized ions, manifests a number of chemical properties that make its stable isotope system useful in a wide array of geo- and cosmochemical research fields.  

Description / Table of Contents: GNSS, multipath, gain pattern, Jones vector, signal power. - Mehrwegeffekte, Antennengewinndiagramm, Jones Vektor, Signalstärke

Description / Table of Contents: Das maßgebliche Nachschlagewerk für alle Sammler, für Steine- und Mineralienhandlungen, Juweliere und Goldschmiede. Über 600 Einzelstücke in Originalgröße: Mineralien, Erze, Edelsteine, Gesteine, Meteorite. Konkurrenzlos vollständig, mit brillanten Fotos und besonders übersichtlich.

Description / Table of Contents: In a text written for a general audience with no special knowledge of economics or environmental science, a prominent economist makes the case for the United States to enact a carbon tax. While a policy to reduce emissions has costs, the work shows in simple and direct language that failing to act on climate change is more costly. Other possible ways to reduce emissions are reviewed and the argument made that a carbon tax is preferable to those alternatives. The text also explains how Congress should design and implement the tax and how Congress should ensure that the carbon tax revenue is returned to taxpayers. Common objections to a carbon tax are addressed, showing that either these come from a misunderstanding of the science of climate change and how a carbon tax works or they can be easily addressed in carbon tax legislation.

Description / Table of Contents: "Algorithmic identity politics reinstate old forms of social segregation—in a digital world, identity politics is pattern discrimination. It is by recognizing patterns in input data that artificial intelligence algorithms create bias and practice racial exclusions thereby inscribing power relations into media. How can we filter information out of data without reinserting racist, sexist, and classist beliefs?" -- Website des Verlags

Description / Table of Contents: Structural dynamics and earthquake engineering for both students and professional engineers. An expert on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, Anil K. Chopra fills an important niche, explaining the material in a manner suitable for both students and professional engineers with his fifth edition, in SI units of Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering. No prior knowledge of structural dynamics is assumed, and the presentation is detailed and integrated enough to make the text suitable for self-study. As a textbook on vibrations and structural dynamics, this book has no competition. The material includes many topics in the theory of structural dynamics, along with applications of this theory to earthquake analysis, response, design, and evaluation of structures, with an emphasis on presenting this often difficult subject in as simple a manner as possible through numerous worked-out illustrative examples. The fifth edition, in SI Edition includes new sections, figures and examples, along with relevant updates and revisions.

Description / Table of Contents: The Anthropocene has become central to understanding the intimate connections between human life and the natural environment, but it has fractured our sense of time and possibility. What implications does that fracturing have for how we should think about politics in these new times? In this cutting-edge intervention, Duncan Kelly considers how this new geological era could shape our future by engaging with the recent past of our political thinking. If politics remains a short-term affair governed by electoral cycles, could an Anthropocenic sense of time, value and prosperity be built into it, altering long-established views about abundance, energy and growth? Is the Anthropocene so disruptive that it is no more than a harbinger of ecological doom, or can modern politics adapt by rethinking older debates about states, territories, and populations? Kelly rejects both pessimistic fatalism about humanity’s demise, and an optimistic fatalism that makes the Anthropocene into a problem too big for politics, best left to the market or technology to solve. His skilful defence of the potential for democratic politics to negotiate this challenge is an indispensable guide to the ideas that matter most to understanding this epochal transformation.

Description / Table of Contents: The Yukon Coast in Canada is an ice-rich permafrost coast and highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Retrogressive thaw slumps are a common thermoerosion feature along this coast, and develop through the thawing of exposed ice-rich permafrost on slopes and removal of accumulating debris. They contribute large amounts of sediment, including organic carbon and nitrogen, to the nearshore zone. The objective of this study was to 1) identify the climatic and geomorphological drivers of sediment-meltwater release, 2) quantify the amount of released meltwater, sediment, organic carbon and nitrogen, and 3) project the evolution of sediment-meltwater release of retrogressive thaw slumps in a changing future climate. The analysis is based on data collected over 18 days in July 2013 and 18 days in August 2012. A cut-throat flume was set up in the main sediment-meltwater channel of the largest retrogressive thaw slump on Herschel Island. In addition, two weather stations, one on top of the undisturbed tundra and one on the…

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Glacier changes since the Little Ice Age -- Chapter 3. An inventory of proglacial systems in Austria, Switzerland and across Patagonia -- Chapter 4. Debris-covered glaciers -- Chapter 5. Closing the balance of ice, water and sediment fluxes through the terminus of Gepatschferner -- Chapter 6. (Ground) Ice in the proglacial zone -- Chapter 7. Periglacial morphodynamics in the Upper Kaunertal -- Chapter 8. Rock slope instability in the proglacial zone: State of the Art -- Chapter 9. Rockfall at proglacial rockwalls - A case study from the Kauner Valley, Austria -- Chapter 10. Glacial sediment stores and their re-working -- Chapter 11. Slope wash, gully erosion and debris flows on lateral moraines in the upper kaunertal, Austria -- Chapter 12. Sediment transport in proglacial rivers -- Chapter 13. Fluvial sediment transport in the proglacial Fagge River, Kaunertal, Austria -- Chapter 14. Proglacial lakes in high mountain environments -- Chapter 15. Sediment budgets in high-mountain areas: Review and challenges -- Chapter 16. Sediment connectivity in proglacial areas -- Chapter 17. A sediment budget of the Upper Kauner Valley -- Chapter 18. The uncalm development of proglacial soils in the European Alps since 1850 -- Chapter 19. Vegetation succession and biogeomorphic interactions in glacier forelands

Description / Table of Contents: This book discusses the recession of alpine glaciers since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), which has been accelerating in the past decades. It provides an overview of the research in the field, presenting definitions and information about the different proglacial areas and systems. A number of case studies are from the PROSA project group which encompasses the expertise of geomorphologists, geologists, glaciologists and geodesists. The PROSA joint project (High-resolution measurements of morphodynamics in rapidly changing PROglacial Systems of the Alps) is determined to tackle the problems of geomorphic activity on sediment export through a quantification of sediment fluxes effected by the aforementioned geomorphic processes within the forefield of the Gepatschferner glacier (Central Alps, Austria)

Description / Table of Contents: Widespread landscape changes are presently observed in the Arctic and are most likely to accelerate in the future, in particular in permafrost regions which are sensitive to climate warming. To assess current and future developments, it is crucial to understand past environmental dynamics in these landscapes. Causes and interactions of environmental variability can hardly be resolved by instrumental records covering modern time scales. However, long-term environmental variability is recorded in paleoenvironmental archives. Lake sediments are important archives that allow reconstruction of local limnogeological processes as well as past environmental changes driven directly or indirectly by climate dynamics. This study aims at reconstructing Late Quaternary permafrost and thermokarst dynamics in central-eastern Beringia, the terrestrial land mass connecting Eurasia and North America during glacial sea-level low stands. In order to investigate development, processes and influence of thermokarst dynamics, several sediment cores from extant lakes and drained lake basins were analyzed to answer the following research questions: 1. When did permafrost degradation and thermokarst lake development take place and what were enhancing and inhibiting environmental factors? 2. What are the dominant processes during thermokarst lake development and how are they reflected in proxy records? 3. How did, and still do, thermokarst dynamics contribute to the inventory and properties of organic matter in sediments and the carbon cycle? Methods applied in this study are based upon a multi-proxy approach combining sedimentological, geochemical, geochronological, and micropaleontological analyses, as well as analyses of stable isotopes and hydrochemistry of pore-water and ice. Modern field observations of water quality and basin morphometrics complete the environmental investigations. The investigated sediment cores reveal permafrost degradation and thermokarst dynamics on different time scales. The analysis of a sediment core from GG basin on the northern Seward Peninsula (Alaska) shows prevalent terrestrial accumulation of yedoma throughout the Early to Mid Wisconsin with intermediate wet conditions at around 44.5 to 41.5 ka BP. This first wetland development was terminated by the accumulation of a 1-meter-thick airfall tephra most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at 42 ka BP. A depositional hiatus between 22.5 and 0.23 ka BP may indicate thermokarst lake formation in the surrounding of the site which forms a yedoma upland till today. The thermokarst lake forming GG basin initiated 230 ± 30 cal a BP and drained in Spring 2005 AD. Four years after drainage the lake talik was still unfrozen below 268 cm depth. A permafrost core from Mama Rhonda basin on the northern Seward Peninsula preserved a full lacustrine record including several lake phases. The first lake generation developed at 11.8 cal ka BP during the Lateglacial-Early Holocene transition; its old basin (Grandma Rhonda) is still partially preserved at the southern margin of the study basin. Around 9.0 cal ka BP a shallow and more dynamic thermokarst lake developed with actively eroding shorelines and potentially intermediate shallow water or wetland phases (Mama Rhonda). Mama Rhonda lake drainage at 1.1 cal ka BP was followed by gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat and top-down refreezing of the lake talik. A significant lower organic carbon content was measured in Grandma Rhonda deposits (mean TOC of 2.5 wt%) than in Mama Rhonda deposits (mean TOC of 7.9 wt%) highlighting the impact of thermokarst dynamics on biogeochemical cycling in different lake generations by thawing and mobilization of organic carbon into the lake system. Proximal and distal sediment cores from Peatball Lake on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska revealed young thermokarst dynamics since about 1,400 years along a depositional gradient based on reconstructions from shoreline expansion rates and absolute dating results. After its initiation as a remnant pond of a previous drained lake basin, a rapidly deepening lake with increasing oxygenation of the water column is evident from laminated sediments, and higher Fe/Ti and Fe/S ratios in the sediment. The sediment record archived characterizing shifts in depositional regimes and sediment sources from upland deposits and re-deposited sediments from drained thaw lake basins depending on the gradually changing shoreline configuration. These changes are evident from alternating organic inputs into the lake system which highlights the potential for thermokarst lakes to recycle old carbon from degrading permafrost deposits of its catchment. The lake sediment record from Herschel Island in the Yukon (Canada) covers the full Holocene period. After its initiation as a thermokarst lake at 11.7 cal ka BP and intense thermokarst activity until 10.0 cal ka BP, the steady sedimentation was interrupted by a depositional hiatus at 1.6 cal ka BP which likely resulted from lake drainage or allochthonous slumping due to collapsing shore lines. The specific setting of the lake on a push moraine composed of marine deposits is reflected in the sedimentary record. Freshening of the maturing lake is indicated by decreasing electrical conductivity in pore-water. Alternation of marine to freshwater ostracods and foraminifera confirms decreasing salinity as well but also reflects episodical re-deposition of allochthonous marine sediments. Based on permafrost and lacustrine sediment records, this thesis shows examples of the Late Quaternary evolution of typical Arctic permafrost landscapes in central-eastern Beringia and the complex interaction of local disturbance processes, regional environmental dynamics and global climate patterns. This study confirms that thermokarst lakes are important agents of organic matter recycling in complex and continuously changing landscapes.

Description / Table of Contents: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers. Since the beginning of the US shale gas revolution in 2005, the development of unconventional oil and gas resources has gathered tremendous pace around the world. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geophysical, and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional reservoirs. The book begins with a detailed characterization of unconventional reservoir rocks: their composition and microstructure, mechanical properties, and the processes controlling fault slip and fluid flow. A discussion of geomechanical principles follows, including the state of stress, pore pressure, and the importance of fractures and faults. After reviewing the fundamentals of horizontal drilling, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, and stimulation of slip on pre-existing faults, the key factors impacting hydrocarbon production are explored. The final chapters cover environmental impacts and how to mitigate hazards associated with induced seismicity. This text provides an essential overview for students, researchers, and industry professionals interested in unconventional reservoirs.