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  • Articles  (36)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
  • 2010-2014  (36)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1945-1949
  • 2012  (36)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: In questo lavoro si presentano i risultati di uno studio sulle caratteristiche del rumore sismico in prossimità del rilevatore di onde gravitazionali VIRGO (Cascina, Pisa), con particolare riferimento alle vibrazioni associate all’azione di un vicino parco eolico. La valutazione delle componenti spettrali del rumore verosimilmente indotte dagli aerogeneratori è stata effettuata mediante (i) Misure dirette alla base di una turbina, (ii) Correlazione fra le ampiezze spettrali del rumore e la velocità del vento; (iii) Determinazione delle proprietà direzionali da misure multicanale, (iv) Misura dell’attenuazione del segnale con la distanza dal parco eolico. Il disturbo provocato dagli aerogeneratori è particolarmente energetico alla frequenza di 1.7 Hz e, in particolari condizioni, è stato osservato fino a distanze di 11 km dal Parco Eolico. Il decadimento spaziale delle ampiezze ha un andamento complesso, che può essere interpretato in termini di una combinazione fra onde superficiali e onde di volume rifratte ad un’interfaccia profonda (~800 m) fra i sedimenti plio-pleistocenici ed i calcari Miocenici. La risposta locale nei dintorni dell’interferometro è stata investigata utilizzando la tecnica dei rapporti spettrali H/V. Si sono così evidenziate due bande di amplificazione imputabili ad effetti di risonanza legati alla geologia a scala locale: il primo intorno alla frequenza di 0.35 Hz, il secondo fra 0.7 e 2.0 Hz. Entrambi i picchi risultano essere essenzialmente omogenei in tutta l’area di studio, a conferma della sostanziale uniformità della struttura geologica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-30
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Noise ; Array Seismology ; Gravity Waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: We present here a new high resolution regional P-wave velocity model for the lithosphere beneath the Italian region obtained by including information on the Moho topography, and integrating results from local earthquake tomography with 30 years of CSS data, applying the method of Waldhauser (1996). For the 3D moho map, we extended the crustal model, already available for the Alps by Lippitsch et al., 2003, to the Italian peninsula, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. The tomographic model is obtained by inverting 166,000 Pg and Pn arrival times large part of which have been automatically picked and consistently weighted with an advanced automatic picking system (Aldersons, 2004). The resolution of the obtained velocity model is consistently higher and the grid spacing consistently smaller than in previous tomographic works targeting the same region. We are able to image the complex geometry of this part of the subduction-collision system between the Eurasian and African plates adding important details to the overview derived by the teleseismic tomography. Our results clearly show the plate boundary at Moho level from the Alps to the Southern Apennines and the Calabrian Arc in a volume unresolved in previous studies. The use of global 1D velocity models based on the flat Earth assumption is a pre-requisite to refine and interpret images and seismic responses of the earth obtained with geophysical studies (P and S tomography, surface wave tomography etc). Our model is suitable as a good starting point for a 3D velocity reference model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Mediterranean area to be extended to the Adriatic Sea and to the Ionian Sea, with benefit for earthquakes location,teleseismic tomography, focal mechanisms and CMT
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: local earthquake tomography ; velocity model ; Italian Peninsula ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-25
    Description: This paper reports on site characterization for a set of accelerometric stations of the RAN (Italian accelerometric network) with specific attention to the shear wave velocity profile. The latter is indeed of primary importance for the usability of the accelerometric database. Surface wave analysis has been chosen as the primary investigation method since it offers the possibility of reaching the required accuracy with reasonable costs. A range of different techniques, both of the active-source and passive-source types, has been adopted to cope with the objectives of the characterization in relation to specific geological settings. Quality assessment of experimental data has been implemented to check the consistency of the measurements also with respect to the fundamental hypotheses of the method. Strategies to improve the reliability and robustness of the surface wave data inversion were exploited in order to mitigate problems arising from solution non-uniqueness and influence of higher modes in the propagation. Comparisons with independent borehole tests, available at some specific sites, confirm the reliability of the results. Although the research program covered only a subset of the network, the obtained results show the importance of specific experimental investigations aimed at estimating the shear wave velocity profile. Indeed the results lead to a re-classification of several sites with respect to the preliminary classification based on surface geology. Within this context, four selected case histories are reported in the present paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1797–1820
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Accelerometric network · Site characterization · Geophysical tests · Surfacewaves · MASW · Shear wave velocity profile ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence includes the April 6 Mw 6.3 main shock and triggered events on April 7 and 9, each recorded on a digital network having five stations on the hanging wall of the main shock fault. We describe a geometric source model drawing upon inversions by others. We describe record-specific ground motion data processing that includes the incorporation of static displacements of up to 13 cm (downdrop of hanging wall). The resulting database includes 47, 38, and 31 corrected triaxial recordings from the April 6, 7, and 9 events, respectively. We present site conditions for recording stations, including recent surface wave and borehole geophysics. We demonstrate that the high-frequency data are weaker than expected for normal fault earthquakes of these magnitudes and that the data attenuate with distance at rates generally consistent with modified next generation attenuation (NGA) equations for Italy that were available prior to the event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 317-345
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ground motion ; L'Aquila earthquake ; Seismic engineering ; Fault plane ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: The objective of this work is to perform a purely empirical assessment of the actual capabilities of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique to provide reliable and relevant information concerning site conditions and/or site amplification. This objective has been tackled through the homogeneous (re)processing of a large volume of earthquakes and ambient noise data recorded by different research teams in more than 200 sites located mainly in Europe, but also in the Caribbean and in Tehran. The original recordings were first gathered in a specific database with information on both the sites and recorded events. Then, for all sites close to an instrumented reference, average site-to-reference spectral ratios (“spectral ratio method” (SSR)) were derived in a homogeneous way (window selection, smoothing, signal-to-noise ratio threshold, averaging), as well as H/V ratios (“HVSRE–RF”) on earthquake recordings. H/V ratios were also obtained from noise recordings at each site (either specific measurements, or extracted from pre- or post-event noise windows). The spectral curves resulting from these three techniques were estimated reliable for a subset of 104 sites, and were thus compared in terms of fundamental frequency, amplitude and amplification bandwidth, exhibiting agreements and disagreements, for which interpretations are looked for in relation with characteristics of site conditions. The first important result consists in the very good agreement between fundamental frequencies obtained with either technique, observed for 81% of the analyzed sites. A significant part of the disagreements correspond to thick, low frequency, continental sites where natural noise level is often very low and H/V noise ratios do not exhibit any clear peak. The second important result is the absence of correlation between H/V peak amplitude and the actual site amplification measured on site-to-reference spectral ratios. There are, however, two statistically significant results about the amplitude of the H/V curve: the peak amplitude may be considered as a lower bound estimate of the actual amplification indicated by SSR (it is smaller for 79% of the 104 investigated sites), and, from another point of view, the difference in amplitude exhibits a questioning correlation with the geometrical characteristics of the sediment/basement interface: large SSR/HV differences might thus help to detect the existence of significant 2D or 3D effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 75-108
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Microtremor ; H/V ; Site effects ; SESAME ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: We present forward and adjoint spectral-element simulations of coupled acoustic and (an)elastic seismic wave propagation on fully unstructured hexahedral meshes. Simulations benefit from recent advances in hexahedral meshing, load balancing and software optimization. Meshing may be accomplished using a mesh generation tool kit such as CUBIT, and load balancing is facilitated by graph partitioning based on the SCOTCH library. Coupling between fluid and solid regions is incorporated in a straightforward fashion using domain decomposition. Topography, bathymetry and Moho undulations may be readily included in the mesh, and physical dispersion and attenuation associated with anelasticity are accounted for using a series of standard linear solids. Finite-frequency Fre ́chet derivatives are calculated using adjoint methods in both fluid and solid domains. The software is benchmarked for a layercake model. We present various examples of fully unstructured meshes, snapshots of wavefields and finite-frequency kernels generated by Version 2.0 ‘Sesame’ of our widely used open source spectral-element package SPECFEM3D.
    Description: Published
    Description: 721-739
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography ; Interferometry ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: We present a methodology for determining the elastic properties of the shallow crust from inversion of surface wave dispersion characteristics through a fully nonlinear procedure. Using volcanic tremor data recorded by a small-aperture seismic array on Mount Etna, we measured the surface waves dispersion curves with the multiple signal classification technique. The large number of measurements allows the determination of an a priori probability density function without the need of making any assumption about the uncertainties on the observations. Using this information, we successively conducted the inversion of phase velocities using a probabilistic approach. Using a wave-number integration method, we calculated the predicted dispersion function for thousands of 1-D models through a systematic grid search investigation of shear-wave velocities in individual layers. We joined this set of theoretical dispersion curves to the experimental probability density function (PDF), thus obtaining the desired structural model in terms of an a posteriori PDF of model parameters. This process allowed the representation of the objective function, showing the non-uniqueness of the solutions and providing a quantitative view of the uncertainties associated with the estimation of each parameter. We then compared the solution with the surface wave group velocities derived from diffuse noise Green’s functions calculated at pairs of widely spaced (~5–10 km) stations. In their gross features, results from the two different approaches are comparable, and are in turn consistent with the models presented in several earlier studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 335-346
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Surface waves ; Volcanic tremor ; Dispersion curves ; Nonlinear inversion ; Etna volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the first application of a time reverse location method in a volcanic setting, for a family of long-period (LP) events recorded on Mt Etna. Results are compared with locations determined using a full moment tensor grid search inversion and cross-correlation method. From 2008 June 18 to July 3, 50 broad-band seismic stations were deployed on Mt Etna, Italy, in close proximity to the summit. Two families of LP events were detected with dominant spectral peaks around 0.9 Hz. The large number of stations close to the summit allowed us to locate all events in both families using a time reversal location method. The method involves taking the seismic signal, reversing it in time, and using it as a seismic source in a numerical seismic wave simulator where the reversed signals propagate through the numerical model, interfere constructively and destructively, and focus on the original source location. The source location is the computational cell with the largest displacement magnitude at the time of maximum energy current density inside the grid. Before we located the two LP families we first applied the method to two synthetic data sets and found a good fit between the time reverse location and true synthetic location for a known velocity model. The time reverse location results of the two families show a shallow seismic region close to the summit in agreement with the locations using a moment tensor full waveform inversion method and a cross-correlation location method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 452-462
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano seismology ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: TRANSFER, acronym standing for “Tsunami Risk And Strategies For the European Region”, is a EU-funded research project coordinated by the Department of Physics of the University of Bologna, Italy, whose main objectives can be summarized in the following points: 1) improving our understanding of tsunami processes in the Euro- Mediterranean region, 2) contributing to the tsunami hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment, 3) identifying the best strategies for reduction of tsunami risk, 4) focussing on the gaps and needs for the implementation of an efficient tsunami early warning system (TEWS) in the Euro-Mediterranean area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Wien, Austria
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS database tsunami TRANSFER ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Questa ricerca si propone come spunto per approfondire la conoscenza delle caratteristiche del noise sismico ambientale attraverso osservazioni di dati sperimentali. L’utilizzo di registrazioni di noise sismico ambientale è funzionale alla conoscenza del segnale che si sta trattando e alla strumentazione impiegata. Le prime informazioni per quanto riguarda l’analisi del noise riguardano la sua origine e la sua natura. Inoltre il segnale sismico ambientale riguarda un’ampia banda di frequenze, la quale potrebbe non essere intercettata completamente da un sensore sismico oppure con ampiezze così ridotte da non essere riprodotte dal sistema di registrazione (per limiti di fabbricazione dello strumento). Quindi prima di effettuare una qualsiasi indagine di noise sismico ambientale è necessario saper scegliere la giusta strumentazione. Lo strumento deve poter rappresentare le frequenze volute e restituire il segnale. Ad oggi gli strumenti hanno un elevato livello tecnologico tale da poter registrare il segnale generato da un sensore sollecitato dal moto del terreno. Alle registrazioni dei terremoti si sovrappongono registrazioni di altri segnali che hanno differenti origine e che degradano la qualità della traccia sismica. Questo tipo di segnale che interferisce con la registrazione di un terremoto è definito rumore: ‘noise’. Recentemente, per alcune applicazioni sismologiche si è preferito utilizzare rumore sismico ambientale rispetto a registrazioni di terremoti. Il noise è generato da sorgenti che immettono energia nel terreno che tende a propagarsi sotto forma di onde. Il noise generalmente produce vibrazioni continue del terreno dette microtremori (Okada, 2003). In zone urbanizzate le sorgenti del noise possono essere un qualsiasi strumento meccanico che interagisce col terreno. Questo noise è definito antropico, cioè causato dall’attività dell’uomo, ed ha contenuto in frequenza a partire da circa 1 Hz. Il noise ambientale, invece, non viene percepito dall’uomo ed è prodotto da sorgenti naturali a frequenze più basse (0.1-1 Hz). I microtremori sono utilizzati comunemente in sismologia in quanto lo studio dell’origine e sulla natura del rumore sismico sono stati approfonditi. Quindi il noise sismico viene ricercato ed utilizzato per molti studi; esso è composto da diversi tipi di onde elastiche: onde di Rayleigh e Love, che forniscono informazioni anche di tipo geologico sul sottosuolo. La situazione più semplice che permette lo studio delle onde è 1D, in questo caso la velocità delle onde di taglio è un parametro fondamentale (Vs). questo parametro può essere individuato attraverso metodi come SASW (Spectral Analysis of Superficial Waves), processi di inversione permettono di ricavare profili di velocità. Utilizzando le tecniche dei rapporti spettrali, è possibile determinare l’amplificazione delle ordinate spettrali del moto orizzontale di un sito rispetto ad uno di riferimento (SSR, Standard Spectral Ratio: Borcherdt, 1970), oppure è possibile calcolare la funzione di trasferimento attraverso il rapporto tra lo spettro della componente orizzontale del moto rispetto a quella verticale (HVSR, Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio: Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). Tali tecniche necessitano di un buon rapporto segnale/disturbo in modo da rappresentare le proprietà medie del mezzo di propagazione. Lo studio delle strutture geologiche locali e superficiali è legato al fatto che esse siano la causa determinante degli ‘effetti di sito’ generati dalla propagazione delle onde di un terremoto in prossimità della superficie terrestre. Studi di forti terremoti hanno evidenziato nel tempo come le caratteristiche geologiche superficiali possono determinare amplificazioni e prolungamento della sollecitazione del moto sismico del terreno. L’entità dei danni subiti in alcune aree poste all’interno di bacini sedimentari ha dato un forte impulso agli studi di microzonazione con lo scopo di ridurre e mitigare il rischio sismico. Gli effetti di sito sono legati alla topografia superficiale del substrato affiorante o sommerso, presenza di sedimenti soffici e presenza di forti discontinuità laterali. Le maggiori amplificazioni sono state osservate su stratificazioni sedimentarie tipo bacini lacustri o valli riempite di sedimenti alluvionali (Bindi et al., 2001, Shapiro et al. 2001; Boore, 2004). L’applicazione di tecniche per ottenere informazioni sulle caratteristiche geologiche e geotecniche, utili per gli effetti di sito, incontra problemi pratici quando gli esperimenti vengono effettuati in zone altamente urbanizzate. Queste difficoltà pratiche sono state superate utilizzando metodi basati sullo studio dei microtremori, i quali sempre presenti in ogni momento, hanno un ampio contenuto in frequenza e sono composti principalmente da onde superficiali. Con i microtremori è possibile ottenere informazioni sui periodi dei picchi di amplificazione (tecnica dei rapporti spettrali di Nakamaura: Nakamura, 1989), mentre attraverso tecniche in array vengono ricavate le curve di dispersione per ottenere profili di velocità degli strati geologici superficiali. La raccolta dei dati utilizzati in questa ricerca è stata svolta in questi tre anni di lavoro. I dati sono stati reperiti attraverso campagne sismiche di misura con lo scopo di apprendere le modalità di acquisizione del dato direttamente sul campo. Le campagne di misure sono state eseguite a seguito del terremoto de L’Aquila del 6 Aprile 2009. Questo tipo di attività è stato eseguito con l’ausilio di stazioni sismiche velocimetriche ed accelerometriche disponibili della Sezione di Milano dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV-MI) nell’ambito dell’attività di microzonazione svolta con il Dipartimento di Protezione Civile (DPC). In particolare sempre a causa del terremoto del 6 Aprile uno studio particolare è stato richiesto per il paese di Castelvecchio Subequo. Questo centro abitato sorge a 40 km di distanza della zona epicentrale ma ha riscontrato un elevato livello di danno ritenuto elevato per la distanza del centro dall’epicentro del terremoto. Il paese come molti altri vicini ha subito un differente livello di danno tra la zona centrale, nonché parte più storica del paese e la zona relativamente più moderna. Una caratteristica specifica di questo centro è inoltre la conformazione geologica e morfologica del rilievo sul quale è costruito. Infatti, la litologia è caratterizzata da un diverso grado di fratturazione lungo la sua dorsale. A questo scopo due diverse campagne di misura per registrare il noise sismico sono state eseguite. La prima ha interessato la parte abitata del paese con maggior attenzione per la parte storica e la seconda uno studio più approfondito delle caratteristiche geologiche della formazione rocciosa e la relativa risposta sismica. La prima parte ha portato ad eseguire misure nella parte centrale e sul lato orientale ed occidentale del paese. Questo ha permesso di verificare la diversa amplificazione nelle varie parti del paese. Inoltre alcune misure sono state svolte anche in rilievi di interessi pubblico, come ad esempio la scuola elementare e vicino alla Chiesa. La seconda parte ha permesso di caratterizzare i pinnacoli che si trovano alla fine del paese e che coincidono con la parte finale del centro storico. Su queste strutture sono state eseguite misure di noise sismico alla base e in sommità. Queste misure hanno mostrato che queste strutture non hanno nessun tipo di amplificazione e che quindi i danni all’interno del paese sono dati da una concomitanza di caratteristiche geologiche e morfologiche insieme. Visto la particolare posizione del paese si è anche installata una rete di monitoraggio composta da tre stazioni: una sulle pendici del Monte Urano, una alla base e una installata su roccia nella parte finale del centro storico. Il M. Urano si trova vicino all’abitato di Castelvecchio Subequo. Questa attività di monitoraggio ha permesso di verificare il diverso grado di amplificazione. È risultata maggiormente amplificata la componente orizzontale registrata nel centro storico. Un’attività parallela, ma sempre riguardante campagne di misure sismica, si è svolta nella conca Subequana. Lo scopo di questa attività è stato quello di ricostruire attraverso osservazioni geologiche, del gruppo geologico che stava studiando l’area, e analisi di registrazioni sismiche l’ipotetico andamento in profondità del substrato roccioso. Le osservazioni geologiche hanno evidenziato diverse litologie per l’area e un graduale passaggio da una formazione rocciosa a sedimenti proprio nella zona della conca. Il passaggio dalla formazione rocciosa ai sedimenti sarebbe poi marcato da un segmento della faglia della conca Subequana. Le indagini geofisiche e geologiche si sono ritrovate concordi sui relativi risultati e hanno permesso di ipotizzare l’approfondimento della valle. In questa attività di campagna i dati sono stati reperiti direttamente sul terreno ed in seguito sono stati analizzati con la tecnica Horizontal to Vertical Spectra Ratio (HVSR), utilizzata sia per quanto riguarda il noise che per le registrazioni dei terremoti della rete temporanea di monitoraggio. L’analisi del dato, il suo processamento ha interessato maggiormente la seconda fase del lavoro. In questa fase il reperimento di dati è stato eseguito direttamente presso la sede di Ancona del Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT). I dati in questo caso sono stati analizzati a partire dal loro formato originale, in questo caso MSEED, fino alla trasformazione nel formato richiesto per eseguire le analisi. In particolare ci si è interessati dell’area dell’Alto Val Tiberina una zona a confine tra Umbria-Marche. Quest’area, ritenuta sede ci continua attività sismica, è monitorata da una rete di monitoraggio che permette di raccogliere i dati in continuo. Questi dati possono essere reperiti presso la Sede di Ancona, dove vengono archiviati e una parte di questi viene inviata al centro acquisizione di Roma del CNT. Questi dati sono stati processati attraverso il calcolo delle cross-correlazioni utilizzando la tecnica Multi Window Cross-Spectrum (MWCS) per la prima volta eseguita da Poupinet et al. (1984). L’utilizzo di questa tecnica ha permesso di ottenere variazioni di velocità dell’area interessata confrontando i dati con l’attività sismica della zone e la possibile influenza di microsismi nelle variazioni riscontrate. Quindi una parte importante e considerevole di questo lavoro è stata l’esperienza acquisita durante l’attività di campo per l’installazione delle stazioni sismiche, la loro manutenzione e la consistente attività di processamento con l’applicazione di procedure di conversione dai dati originali in dati utili per le analisi.
    Description: Università degli Studi di Genova
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic noise ; site effects ; cross-correlation ; velocity variations ; seismic monitoring ; microseisms ; Alto Tiberina Fault ; Pietralunga sequence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the current work we present a large collection of shear wave splitting measurements in the Calabrian Arc-Tyrrhenian basin subduction system. For our analysis we used earthquakes recorded from 2003 to 2005 at the CAT/SCAN temporary network and at the INGV national network. The dataset consists of SKS teleseismic phases (earthquakes with delta 87° - 112° and magnitude greater than 6.0) and of local S phases (events deeper than 150 km). We used the method of Silver and Chan to obtain the splitting parameters: fast direction (φ) and delay time (δt). Shear wave splitting results reveal the presence of a strong seismic anisotropy with a complex pattern of fast directions in the subduction system below the region. The SKS fast polarization directions define three anisotropic domains which correspond to the three different geological and geodynamic regions: the Calabrian Arc domain with fast directions oriented NNE-SSW;the Southern Apennines domain with fast directions oriented NNW-SSE and the Apulian Platform domain with fast directions oriented almost N-S in the northern part and ENE-WSW in the southern. The large number of splitting parameters evaluated for events coming from different back-azimuth allow us to hypothesize the presence of a depth dependence anisotropic structure in each of the identified domains and to constrain at 50 km depth the upper limit of the anisotropic layer. We interpret the trench-parallel φ observed in Calabrian Arc and in Southern Apennines as a mantle flow below the slab, likely due to the pressure induced by the retrograde motion of the slab itself. The pattern of trench perpendicular φ in the Apulian Platform seems to be not a direct result of the roll-back motion of the slab and may be explained as frozen-in lithospheric anisotropy or as asthenospheric flow deflected by the complicated structure of the Adriatic microplate. Results obtained with S phases show an extremely complex pattern of fast directions and delay times. These last measures are mainly located in the south-eastern sector of the Tyrrhenian Sea in correspondence of the high velocity body imaged at 150 km depth by the tomography. We related this strong fast directions variability inside the slab to the complex structure of the slab itself. The variable pattern of SKS and S splitting measurements suggest the presence of a local scale mantle flow strongly controlled by the geometry and motion of the anisotropic slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: Montpellier, France
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic anisotropy ; SKS shear wave splitting ; subduction zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Per l’uomo, il terremoto è la sollecitazione meccanica di natura oscillatoria la quale, una volta percepita, maggiormente si imprime nella memoria. Nel corso della Storia, probabilmente l’uomo ha iniziato a crearsi una coscienza dell’esistenza dei terremoti per il fatto che li ha percepiti attraverso il suo corpo, oltre a vedere la loro potenzialità distruttiva agire sui manufatti e colpire le vite dei suoi simili. Il corpo umano può essere visto come un sistema meccanico composto da sottosistemi con massa, proprietà elastiche e di smorzamento differenti; tale sistema, se sottoposto ad una sollecitazione di una certa intensità e caratterizzata da un dato contenuto in frequenza, ha una risposta conseguente, la quale può raggiungere e superare la soglia umana di percezione. Le varie parti del corpo umano entrano in risonanza per differenti intervalli di frequenza; ad esempio gli organi addominali hanno un range di frequenza di risonanza compreso tra 4 e 8 Hz, le spalle tra 4 e 5 Hz, la testa tra 20 e 30 Hz, le gambe, a seconda dell’angolatura, tra 2 e 20 Hz. Per sollecitazioni inferiori a 2 Hz, il corpo umano si comporta come una massa unica, seguendo omogeneamente gli spostamenti della struttura vibrante con la quale è a contatto; quindi al disotto di tale frequenza la vibrazione non viene percepita. In queste bande di frequenze, la soglia umana di percezione si colloca, secondo la normativa UNI 9614 (RIF.), ad un livello pari a 71 dB di accelerazione ponderata. Il terremoto possiede un’intensità ed un contenuto in frequenza che è percepito profondamente dal corpo umano. Mercalli propose la prima scala per classificare l’intensità di un terremoto, modificata nel 1930 da Sieberg (scala MCS: Sieberg, 1930). Essa si basa sull’effetto distruttivo arrecato ai manufatti; in tale scala il grado minore di intensità è relativo ai terremoti che non sono percepiti dagli esseri umani, ma sono registrati dagli strumenti sismici; i gradi successivi si distinguono per una sempre maggiore percezione del terremoto da parte della popolazione colpita. Gli strumenti sismici moderni hanno raggiunto un livello tecnologico che permette di registrare senza distorsione il segnale generato da un sensore sollecitato dal moto del terreno fino ad ampiezze ben al di sotto della soglia umana. Come avviene in un qualunque processo di misura, però, alla registrazione del terremoto si sovrappone sempre la registrazione di alcuni segnali che hanno origine differente e che degradano la qualità della traccia sismica. In sismologia, qualunque segnale che interferisce con la registrazione di un terremoto viene generalmente considerato rumore (noise). Per aumentate la quantità di informazioni estraibili dalla traccia sismica, gli effetti del rumore devono essere ridotti il più possibile e l’ampiezza relativa del segnale sismico rispetto a quella del rumore (definito come rapporto segnale/disturbo) fornisce un’indicazione della qualità della registrazione. Per alcune applicazioni sismologiche, però, il segnale di interesse non è costituito dalla registrazione delle oscillazione del terreno prodotte da un terremoto, ma dalla registrazione del rumore sismico ambientale che, invece, durante la registrazione di un terremoto costituisce una parte del noise che degrada la qualità della registrazione. Il noise sismico ambientale è generato, in analogia con un terremoto, da sorgenti in grado di immettere energia nel terreno che si propaga poi come onde per deformazioni elastiche della Terra. Il noise sismico ambientale produce delle vibrazioni continue del terreno chiamate microtremori, che hanno, generalemente, spostamenti da 10-4 a 10-2 mm (Okada, 2003) . In zone urbanizzate o nelle vicinanze di molte attività umane, spesso è possibile che l’uomo percepisca le vibrazioni appartenenti al noise sismico ambientale, in quanto le sorgenti possono essere costituite da qualsiasi mezzo meccanico che interagisce col terreno, come il traffico veicolare o i macchinari industriali. Questo noise è definito ‘culturale’ in quanto prodotto dall’uomo e dalla sua attività sul territorio; esso è sempre presente anche se con livelli di percezione differenti ed ha un contenuto in frequenza a partire da circa 1 Hz (Kulhanek, 1990). Ciò di cui invece l’uomo non ha percezione è del noise ambientale prodotto da sorgenti naturali (come ad esempio gli eventi meteorologici oceanici) che inducono vibrazioni continue nel tempo a frequenze più basse. Nell’intervallo di frequenza tra 0.1 e 1 Hz, i microtremori vengono comunemente inseriti nella categoria “microsismi”. I microtremori sono utilizzati dalla comunità scientifica sismologica in quanto la conoscenza dell’origine e della natura del noise ambientale è stata approfondita fino a comprenderne l’utilità per le applicazioni sismologiche. Quindi il noise sismico ambientale non è più visto solo come un disturbo da scartare; esso è composto da diversi tipi di onde elastiche e soprattutto è caratterizzato da un alto contenuto di onde superficiali (Rayleigh e Love) le quali trasportano utili informazioni sulle caratteristiche delle strutture geologiche del sottosuolo. La propagazione delle onde elastiche in una struttura geologica è determinata dalla complessità degli strati, dalla loro profondità, dalla velocità di taglio e di compressione, dalla densità e dal fattore di attenuazione dei materiali. La situazione più semplice da schematizzare è quella mono-dimensionale (1D), in cui le proprietà geologiche e geotecniche sono descritte seguendo un profilo verticale: in questo caso la velocità di taglio delle onde (Vs) ha un’importanza fondamentale nella propagazione. I metodi convenzionali per ottenere informazioni sul parametro Vs sono invasivi e dispendiosi, consistendo nella realizzazione di pozzi. Di recente, si sono affermati metodi come SASW (Spectral Analysis of Superficial Waves) (Stokoe et al 1989; Tokimatsu, 1995; Socco and Strobbia, 2004) che permettono di indagare le proprietà dispersive delle onde superficiali in mezzi eterogenei, le quali si propagano lungo l’interfaccia suolo-aria; attraverso processi di inversione vengono ricavati i profili di velocità a partire dalle curve di dispersione della velocità (Herrmann, 1994; Wathelet et al., 2004). Tali metodi utilizzano sorgenti attive per ricavare i dati sperimentali ed hanno una profondità di penetrazione di alcune decine di metri ed un limitato range di frequenza di analisi (Tokimatsu, 1995). In casi di sedimenti profondi alcune centinaia di metri, l’esplorazione dovrebbe avvenire con carichi esplosivi o mezzi meccanici che permettono di generare segnali con lunghezza d’onda sufficientemente lunghe per poter investigare profondità maggiori. Utilizzando le tecniche dei rapporti spettrali, è possibile determinare l’amplificazione delle ordinate spettrali del moto orizzontale di un sito rispetto ad uno di riferimento (SSR, Standard Spectral Ratio: Borcherdt, 1970), oppure è possibile restituire la funzione di trasferimento attraverso il rapporto tra lo spettro della componente orizzontale del moto rispetto a quella verticale (HVSR, Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio: Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). I rapporti spettrali vengono comunemente calcolati utilizzando le serie temporali di eventi sismici locali. Tali tecniche necessitano di un numero di dati statisticamente significativo, con un buon rapporto segnale/disturbo, in modo da rappresentare le proprietà medie del mezzo di propagazione. L’importanza dello studio delle strutture geologiche locali e superficiali è dato dal fatto che esse sono la causa determinante degli ‘effetti di sito’ generati dalla propagazione delle onde di un terremoto (il quale è la causa scatenante) in prossimità della superficie terrestre. Attualmente è largamente accettato dalla comunità scientifica sismologica ed ingegneristica l’esistenza di ‘effetti di sito’ o di ‘amplificazione locale’, che indicano le deformazioni che il campo d’onda sismico subisce in prossimità della superficie terrestre, in relazione alla caratteristiche geologiche locali. Fin dalla fine del 1800, da quando è nata la sismologia strumentale ed è stato possibile rappresentare il moto del suolo durante un terremoto in diverse posizioni sul territorio, i sismologi hanno riconosciuto la variabilità ad esso collegata. Nel 1898, Milne affermava che è facile selezionare due stazioni a distanza di 1000 piedi una dall’altra per osservare una differenza di ampiezza del moto orizzontale anche di 5-10 volte (Milne, 1898). Gli studi di recenti forti terremoti (ad es., Michoacan 1985, Armenia 1988, Loma Prieta 1989, Iran 1990, Filippine 1990, Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, Izmit 1999, El Salvador 2001, Bam 2003, tra gli altri) hanno evidenziato come le caratteristiche geologiche superficiali possono determinare amplificazioni e prolungamento della sollecitazione del moto sismico del terreno. L’entità dei danni subiti da alcune metropoli costruite su sedimenti soffici o incoerenti all’interno di bacini sedimentari, ha dato un forte impulso agli studi di microzonazione con lo scopo di ridurre e mitigare il rischio sismico. Nella realtà italiana, gli effetti di sito vengono riproposti alla luce di terremoti moderati che esaltano l’aspetto della vulnerabilità del costruito a fronte dell’amplificazione del campo sismico. Gli effetti di sito sono legati alla topografia superficiale del substrato affiorante o sommerso, alla presenza di sedimenti soffici e alla presenza di forti discontinuità laterali. Le maggiori amplificazioni sono state osservate su stratificazioni sedimentarie tipo bacini lacustri o valli riempite di sedimenti alluvionali (Hisada, 1993; Bard 1994; Bonilla et al. 1997; Bielak, 2000; Bindi et al., 2001, Shapiro et al. 2001; Semblat et al., 2002; Boore, 2004). L’applicazione delle tecniche per ottenere informazioni sulle caratteristiche geologiche e geotecniche, utili allo studio degli effetti di sito, incontra dei problemi pratici quando gli esperimenti devono o dovrebbero essere effettuati in zone altamente urbanizzate, dove il rischio sismico aumenta per l’alto grado di esposizione delle infrastrutture e costruzioni antropiche. E’ difficile ottenere i permessi per utilizzare esplosivi o mezzi meccanici che generano vibrazioni del terreno in ambiente urbano; i costi spesso sono troppo elevati per essere accettati dalle amministrazioni locali; è complicato trovare più siti che permettano installazioni di array sismici con configurazione rettilinea o circolare. In caso di sismicità bassa o moderata ed in caso di sorgenti attive poco intense, i segnali registrati sono degradati dal disturbo antropico, non permettendo una lettura corretta delle caratteristiche del campo d’onda; quindi non è possibile raccogliere un data set utile alle analisi. Queste difficoltà pratiche sono superate dai metodi che utilizzano i microtremori, i quali sono sempre presenti in ogni momento, hanno un ampio contenuto in frequenza e sono composti principalmente da onde superficiali, ipotesi che permette di utilizzare le proprietà dispersive legate alla velocità delle onde (Tokimatsu, 1995; Chouet et al. 1998). Con un abbattimento considerevole dei costi, dai microtremori è possibile ottenere informazioni sui periodi dei picchi di amplificazione (tecnica dei rapporti spettrali di Nakamaura: Nakamura, 1989), mentre attraverso tecniche in array vengono ricavate le curve di dispersione da cui ottenere i profili di velocità degli strati geologici superficiali. Anche in questo caso le tecniche riproducono le proprietà medie del mezzo analizzato in un’ottica 1D. Quando sono presenti forti variazioni laterali nei siti di analisi, i risultati vengono falsati da effetti bi- (2D) o tri-dimensionali (3D), dovuti alla topografia del substrato o alla generazione di onde superficiali indotte dai bacini sedimentari che vengono intrappolate negli strati superficiali.
    Description: Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic noise ; microseisms ; spectral ratio ; crosscorrelation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Southern Tyrrhenian subduction system shows a complex interaction among asthenospheric flow, subducting slab and overriding plate. To shed light on the deformations and mechanical properties of the slab and surrounding mantle, we investigated the attenuation and the anisotropic structure through the subduction region. The 3D attenuation results show high-attenuation shallow regions corresponding to the crustal layers, while the slab is imaged as a low-attenuation body bounded by high-attenuation regions located beneath the Aeolian magmatic arc. Between 100-200 km depth, in correspondence of high concentration of earthquakes, the slab is characterized by a spot of high attenuation. Such a feature could be related to the dehydration processes associated to the slab metamorphism. A high-attenuation anomaly is present in the mantle wedge beneath the Aeolian volcanic arc and could indicate mantle melting and slab dehydration and also to the large-scale serpentinization. We also investigated the anisotropic structure of the subduction zone by analyzing shear-wave splitting of the slab earthquakes. Seismic anisotropy reveals a complex pattern of anisotropy across the subduction zone. S-rays sample mainly the slab, showing variable fast directions and delay times. Comparison of S splitting measurements to P-wave velocity anomaly at 100-200 km depth shows that where the rays primarily sample the slab the delay times are small. In contrast, where S rays sample the mantle wedge, the delay times are quite high. This across-subduction variation of delay time depicts the slab as a weakly anisotropic region relative to the mantle above and below and suggests that the main source of anisotropy in the subduction zone is the deformation of the mantle above and below the slab induced by the retrograde motion of the slab.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Torino
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: subduction zone process ; mantle flow ; slab and mantle wedge anisotropy ; attenuation tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In the years 2003 -2006 several broad band stations were installed in Southern Italy: 15 permanent ones (CESIS project), improved the INGV Italian national network and 40 temporary ones were installed in the frame of CAT/SCAN NSF project.We present shear wave splitting measurements obtained analyzing SKS phases and local S phases from slab earthquakes. We used the method of Silver & Chan to obtain shear wave splitting parameters: fast direction and delay time. Shear wave splitting measurements reveals strong seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath Southern Tyrrhenian subduction system. The SKS splitting results show fast polarization directions varying from NNW-SSE in the Southern Apennines to N-S and to E-SW in Calabria, following the strike of the mountain chain. Moving toward the Adriatic sea the fast directions rotate from N-S to NE-SW. Fast directions could indicate the mantle flow below the slab, due to its retrograde motion but also the lithospheric fabric of the subducting plate. In the Tyrrhenian domain, above the slab, from Sardinia to the Italian and Sicilian coasts the dominant fast direction is E-W and could be related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin and to the corner flow in the asthenospheric wedge. In Sicily fast directions depict a ring around the slab edge supporting the existence of a slab tear and of a return flow from the back to the front of the slab. Measurements obtained with intermediate and deep earthquakes slab S phases show an extremely complex pattern of fast directions. They are mostly distributed in front of the Tyrrhenian Calabrian coast in correspondence of the fast velocity anomaly imaged at 150 km depth by tomography. We can relate this fast directions variability to the complex structure of the slab itself. The complex pattern of SKS and S splitting measurements suggests the presence of local scale mantle flow controled by the motion of an anisotropic slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: subduction zone process ; shear wave splitting ; deep seismicity ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We retrieve seismic velocity variations within the Earth’s crust in the region of L’Aquila (central Italy) by analyzing cross␣correlations of more than two years of continuous seis- mic records. The studied period includes the April 6, 2009, Mw 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake. We observe a decrease of seis- mic velocities as a result of the earthquake’s main shock. After performing the analysis in different frequency bands between 0.1 and 1 Hz, we conclude that the velocity varia- tions are strongest at relatively high frequencies (0.5–1 Hz) suggesting that they are mostly related to the damage in the shallow soft layers resulting from the co␣seismic shaking
    Description: Published
    Description: L24304
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic noise ; L'Aquila Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Questo lavoro illustra lo stato della Rete Sismica Nazionale Italiana e descrive la sismicità italiana nell’anno 2009. Vengono evidenziate le principali sequenze sismiche occorse durante l’anno, con particolare riguardo alla sequenza sismica dell’aquilano-reatino. Nel 2009 la Rete Sismica Nazionale dell’INGV ha registrato circa 26000 terremoti avvenuti sul territorio nazionale e nelle aree limitrofe, che sono stati analizzati e localizzati dal gruppo di analisti sismologi che si occupano della redazione del Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI). La magnitudo minima di completezza Mc del BSI 2009, ovvero la soglia di magnitudo minima media calcolata su tutto il territorio nazionale, è risultata pari a ML 1.6 (il dato del BSI 2008 si attestava sul valore di ML 2.1). Il numero di stazioni sismiche attive (Rete Nazionale e reti locali) nel corso del 2009 è stato di 305 (279 nel 2008). Viene fornita infine una stima del numero e della magnitudo di eventi di origine antropica (esplosioni) presenti nel BSI 2009. This paper describes the status of the Italian National Seismic Network and the Italian seismicity in year 2009. We outline the main seismic sequences that occurred during the year, with particular emphasis on the L’Aquila-Rieti seismic period. The INGV National Seismic Network recorded about 26000 earthquakes in Italy and neighboring areas during 2009, which were analyzed and localized by the seismology group of analysts involved in the publication of the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI). The minimum magnitude of completeness Mc of the BSI 2009 is ML 1.6 (ML 2.1 in the BSI 2008). The number of active seismic stations during 2009 was 305 (279 in 2008). We provide an estimate of the number and magnitude of anthropic events (quarry-blasts) included in the BSI 2009.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-52
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake ; terremoto ; waves ; esplosion ; sequences ; l'aquila ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: During the three strongest shocks of the 1997 Umbria-Marche, central Italy, seismic sequence, long-period (T 〉 1 s) spectral ordinates showed large variations in intermountain basins in the Apennines. In particular, at a strong-motion station in the Rieti plain, about 65 km south of epicenters, long-period response spectra during the Mw 5.6 and 5.7 shocks had larger amplitudes than the Mw 6.0 ones; in contrast, in the Gubbio basin, about 40 km northwest of the epicenters, the Mw 6.0 shock had spectral ordinates exceeding those of the Mw 5.6 and 5.7 shocks by more than a factor of 10 at long periods. Since focal mechanisms were similar for the causative earthquakes and the difference in magnitude and source-to-receiver-path is small, these observations can only be explained in terms of a different source directivity. The availability of a rock station on the Gubbio basin edge and other moderate-magnitude earthquakes of the same seismic sequence allows us to separate the local amplification term from the varying contribution of source directivity for the different shocks. Their combination is responsible for long-period ground displacements significantly larger than 10 cm at Mw 6.0 and 40-km source distance. Since source directivity is a very recurrent feature for normal-faulting earthquakes of the Apennines (evident during the recent L’Aquila earthquakes even at magnitudes as small as 3), these results arise a concern for many intermountain basins located in a geographical position favorable to a significant hazard increase due to source directivity. Furthermore, the performance of different Ground Motion Prediction Equations has been explored as well as of corrections based on various source directivity models.
    Description: Published
    Description: University of California Santa Barbara
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: open
    Keywords: Source directivity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-02-05
    Description: The estimation of seismic parameters from ground-motion records is subject to many uncertainties, such as: (i) parameterization, modeling procedures and underlying hypotheses, (ii) approximated input parameters, (iii) instrumental errors on records and their impact in data post-processing, (iv) procedures to estimate model’s parameters. However these uncertainties are rarely treated and propagated to the final results. For example, on one side, density of rocks, velocity model, geometrical spreading, radiation pattern are just some of the common parameters needed to estimate the main seismic parameters of an earthquake and are generally used as average values. On the other side, uncertainties derived from the acquisition system and processing of the data are often neglected. Nevertheless, in many cases these uncertainties may be particularly important, as for example in the analysis of historical earthquakes, where both instrumental response and treatment of analog records intrinsically imply non negligible sources of uncertainty. Here, we present a new Bayesian procedure to estimate seismic parameters that allows: (i) to obtain a robust estimation of the Brune’s model parameters (Brune 1970, 1971) and relatives uncertainties, (ii) to account for the uncertainty related to the Earth model, and (iii) to propagate such uncertainties on the estimation of seismological parameters (seismic moment, moment magnitude, radius of the circular source zone and static stress drop). It is important to highlight that this study does not want to discuss the validity or the physical significance of the Brune’s model, but it is focused on the details of how to fit it on a dataset in order to evaluate the seismological parameters, accounting and properly propagating a rather large range of uncertainties. These capabilities of the proposed procedure are finally demonstrated through an illustrative application analyzing seismic records from historical events.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: San Francisco, USA.
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: open
    Keywords: Brune's parameters ; Bayesian framework ; historical seismograms ; sismic parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo lavoro sono descritte le attività svolte nell’ambito del Progetto Europeo Strategico RISKNAT riguardanti l’analisi di microzonazione di Sant’Agata Fossili (AL). Sono in particolare descritte tutte le indagini ed analisi numeriche condotte al fine di ottenere una microzonazione sismica di livello 3 secondo quanto previsto nelle recenti linee guida nazionali degli. Al fine inoltre di valutare le ricadute di tipo applicativo di una corretta microzonazione sismica del territorio, sono state realizzate delle simulazioni di scenario adottando come riferimento gli spettri di risposta ottenuti dall’analisi di microzonazione. Le valutazioni di scenario ottenute sono state infine confrontate con le previsioni di scenario realizzabili a priori sulla base dell’adozione degli spettri di risposta definiti nelle Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni.
    Description: Published
    Description: Politecnico di Bari - Campus Universitario
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: microzonazione sismica ; rischio sismico ; scenario di danno ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work, we investigate the site amplification effects observed in the Norcia plain, Central Italy. Data from 30 selected local earthquakes (2 ≤ Ml ≤ 4.1) recorded by a temporary seismic network composed by 15 stations, are analyzed to determine the spa- tial variability of site effects. Both the Horizontal-to-Vertical spectral ratio and the Standard Spectral Ratio techniques are applied to estimate the site amplification effects. The results show that most of the sites in the valley are affected by strong amplifications (up to a factor of 20) in the frequency range 0.5–5 Hz. The value of the fundamental frequency of resonance is strictly dependent on the location within the basin and on the sediment thickness. Strong amplifications also affect the vertical components. The time-frequency analysis performed on a station located inside the basin shows the presence of a large spectral amplitudes after the S-wave phase, not observed on a station located on the bedrock, suggesting the pres- ence of locally generated wave trains. Then, in agreement with earlier observations for other alluvial basins in Central Italy, 2D–3D effects play an important role in determining the site amplification effects in Norcia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1941-1959
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: TRANSFER, acronym standing for “Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region”, is a three-year EU-funded research project that tackled all the main fields of interest in tsunami research, ranging from the improvement of the existing tsunami catalogue and the inventory of seismic and non-seismic tsunami sources, to the assessment of tsunami hazard, vulnerability and risk through innovative deterministic and statistical methodologies, with the final goal of identifying the best strategies for the reduction of tsunami risk. One of the largest efforts produced by the TRANFER consortium has been to convey all the results obtained during the project life into a unique and standardised GIS platform. We present here in some detail the GIS implementation of the improved version of the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue, which is the result of a careful revision, re-analysis, correction and integration of the results produced in the nineties by the EU funded GITEC and GITEC-TWO projects. All the TRANSFER partners involved in this work made some relevant improvements of the quality of the database, in terms of inclusion of new events or updating (or even exclusion) of existing events. The major improvements introduced in the TRANSFER tsunami catalogue with respect to the previous ones are: 1) the enlargement of the geographical area containing historical events (now the catalogue integrates events belonging to the Levantine sea and to Iceland); 2) the inclusion of the tide-gauge data relative to specific historical events; 3) for few events, the position of the places for which tsunami run-up and inundation data are available; 4) the introduction of the 12- points tsunami intensity scale by Papadopoulos and Imamura (2001). The GIS environment and the power of the underlying Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) allows to query the database in several respects. The most obvious starts from the geographical map containing the position of the historical events plotted with symbol size and colours depending on their intensities. Two main ArcGIS tools are then used to access the other information on the event. The "Identify" tool opens up a mask from which the user can retrieve all the details on date, time, source region and sub-region, reliability, cause, source parameters (intensity, magnitude and focal depth for earthquakes), position of the source. In the same mask, different layers give access to the list of places hit by that specific tsunami, containing the position of the site and the maximum reported run-up and inundation distance, when available. Moreover, it contains the list of references to studies dealing with that particular event. On the other hand, the "Hyperlink" tool opens up a text file containing the full description of the event and, when available, diagrams of measured sea-level data and photographs or similar material. The whole catalogue can be accessed and queried also in table format, allowing the user to perform his/her specific searches.
    Description: Published
    Description: Wien
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS Tsunami catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: SPY is a Matlab algorithm that analyzes seismic waveforms in a semiautomatic way, providing estimates of the two observables of the anisotropy: the shear-wave splitting parameters. We chose to exploit those computational processes that require less intervention by the user, gaining objectivity and reliability as a result. The algorithm joins the covariance matrix and the cross-correlation techniques, and all the computation steps are interspersed by several automatic checks intended to verify the reliability of the yields. The resulting semiautomation generates two new advantages in the field of anisotropy studies: handling a huge amount of data at the same time, and comparing different yields. From this perspective, SPY has been developed in the Matlab environment, which is widespread, versatile, and user-friendly. Our intention is to provide the scientific community with a new monitoring tool for tracking the temporal variations of the crustal stress field.
    Description: Published
    Description: 138-145
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Crustal anisotropy ; Waveform analysis ; Seismic monitoring ; Stress field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: During the last decades, the study of seismic anisotropy has provided useful information for the interpretation and evaluation of the stress field and active crustal deformation. Seismic anisotropy can yield valuable information on upper crustal structure, fracture field, and presence of fluid-saturated rocks crossed by shear waves. Several studies worldwide demonstrate that seismic anisotropy is related to stress-aligned, filled-fluid micro-cracks (EDA model). An automatic analysis code, “Anisomat+”, was developed, tested and improved to calculate the anisotropic parameters: fast polarization direction (φ) and delay time (∂t). Anisomat+ has been compared to other two automatic analysis codes (SPY and SHEBA) and tested on three zones of the Apennines (Val d’Agri, Tiber Valley and L’Aquila surroundings). The anisotropic parameters, resulting from the automatic computation, have been interpreted to determine the fracture field geometries; for each area, we defined the dominant fast direction and the intensity of the anisotropy, interpreting these results in the light of the geological and structural setting and of two anisotropic interpretative models, proposed in the literature. In the first one, proposed by Zinke and Zoback, the local stress field and cracks are aligned by tectonics phases and are not necessarily related to the presently active stress field. Therefore the anisotropic parameters variations are only space-dependent. In the second, EDA model, and its development in the APE model fluid-filled micro-cracks are aligned or ‘opened’ by the active stress field and the variation of the stress field might be related to the evolution of the pore pressure in time; therefore in this case the variation of the anisotropic parameters are both space- and time- dependent. We recognized that the average of fast directions, in the three selected areas, are oriented NW-SE, in agreement with the orientation of the active stress field, as suggested by the EDA model, but also, by the proposed by Zinke and Zoback model; in fact, NW-SE direction corresponds also to the strike of the main fault structures in the three study regions. The mean values of the magnitude of the normalized delay time range from 0.005 s/km to 0.007 s/km and to 0.009 s/km, respectively for the L'Aquila (AQU) area, the High Tiber Valley (ATF) and the Val d'Agri (VA), suggesting a 3-4% of crustal anisotropy. In each area are also examined the spatial and temporal distribution of anisotropic parameters, which lead to some innovative observations, listed below. 1) The higher values of normalized delay times have been observed in those zones where most of the seismic events occur. This aspect was further investigated, by evaluating the average seismic rate, in a time period, between years 2005 and 2010, longer than the lapse of time, analyzed in the anisotropic studies. This comparison has highlighted that the value of the normalised delay time is larger where the seismicity rate is higher. 2) In the Alto Tiberina Fault area the higher values of normalised delay time are not only related to the presence of a high seismicity rate but also to the presence of a tectonically doubled carbonate succession. Therefore, also the lithology, plays a important role in hosting and preserving the micro-fracture network responsible for the anisotropic field. 3) The observed temporal variations of anisotropic parameters, have been observed and related to the fluctuation of pore fluid pressure at depth possibly induced by different mechanisms in the different regions, for instance, changes in the water table level in Val D’Agri, occurrence of the April 6th Mw=6.1 earthquake in L’Aquila.Since these variations have been recognized, it is possible to affirm that the models that better fit the results, both in term of fast directions and of delay times, seems to be EDA and APE models.
    Description: Published
    Description: Torino
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: crustal seismic anisotropy ; fracturing and stress field ; Apennine crust ; automatic analysis code ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: We investigate the seismic attenuation structure of the Ionian slab and surrounding mantle beneath the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction system. We present a high-resolution Vp, Vp/Vs, Qp and Qs models obtained by the inversion of high quality P- and S-waves t* from slab earthquakes. In our analysis we first located 304 earthquakes with M〉= 2.8 , depth 〉= 30 km and azimuthal gap 〈= 200 and we used a 3D a priori Vp and Vp/Vs model. Then, t* values were measured from spectra of P and S waves. For computing t* we have determined the corner frequency (fc) which has been estimated using a grid search over the frequency range 1 - 10 Hz using all the recordings for each event. The obtained t* values are then used in the inversion for the 3-D attenuation structure using, and kept fixed, the 3-D velocity model. Tomographic inversion show high-attenuation regions corresponding to the crustal layers with low values of Qs (values down to 200) but high values of Qp. The subducting slab is identified as a body of low attenuation, but heterogeneous in the Qs and Qp structure (Qs values up to 1100; Qp values up to 1200), surrounded by high-attenuation regions beneath the Aeolian magmatic arc. At 100 km depth the high Qp and Qs body is well reconstructed beneath the Calabrian arc and at 200 km depth it is extended offshore the Southern Tyrrhenian Basin beneath the Aeolian Islands. Between 100 and 200 km depth, the Ionian slab is characterized by intermediate depth seismicity, but Qp and Qs models clearly show the existence of high-attenuation region, with low values of Qs and high Qp/Qs structure. The observed low Qp and Qs anomalies could likely due to the fluids released from dehydrating minerals associated to the slab metamorphism. The observed low Qs anomalies regions between the slab and the Aeolian volcanic arc could be indicative of melting processes in the mantle and also of the large-scale serpentinization.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic attenuation tomography ; slab and mantle wedge fluids release ; subduction zone processes ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the text
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvio ; Campi Flegrei ; Rete Mobile ; Array ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the years 2003-2006 CAT/SCAN (Calbarian-Apennine-TyrrhenianlSubductionCollision- Accretion Network) temporary broadband stations operate in Southern Apennine and Calabria (Italy). In the same period CESIS-INGV project improved the number of permanent seismic stations in the same area. We analyze the data recorded to study seismic anisotropy and to investigate the mantle flow in the boun(fary-zoile{ between Southern Apennine and Calabriaibeneath and above the subducting slab. In the current work we present new shear wave splittings obtained analyzing SKS phases of 15 teleseisms with epicentral distance ranging from 88.40 to 98.20 and magnitude greater than 6.0. We used the method of Silver & Chan (1991) to obtained anisotropic parameters: delay time and fast polarization direction. The splitting parameters reveal strong seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath Southern Tyrrhenian Sea- Calabrian Arc System that seems to be controlled by the slab presence. The clear variability in the fast directions allow us to hypothesize the existence of different anisotropic domains: fast polarization directions vary from NNW -SSE in the tyrrhenian side ofthe Southern Apennine to N-S and NE-SW toward the Adriatic Sea. Moving toward the Calabria fast directions are prevalently trench parallel showing a NE-SW orientation following the strike on the mountain chain.
    Description: Published
    Description: Chateau of Trest, Czech Republic
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic anisotropy ; SKS shear wave splitting ; southern Italy subduction system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: More than 200 time histories of ambient noise have been recorded at 158 sites in the urban area of Catania. Among them, 144 sites are aligned along 15 profiles crossing the most representative lithologies outcropping in the study area. The standard Nakamura (1989) technique has been applied to compute the H/V spectral ratio along these profiles, where the upper-layer structure has been reconstructed in detail using surface geology surveys as well as data from available wells. The geological peculiarity of Catania is the presence of an extended, high- velocity lava cover of varying thickness that fills a large part of the urban area; lower-velocity sedimentary layers outcrop only in small windows in the northern part of the town, however, they predominate in the southern part. In such a complex geological setting, the application of the Nakamura technique provides results that do not correspond strictly to the expectation for usual hard and soft-site spectral shapes. Measurement results have indicated that, in general, the H/V amplitudes do not attain large values in the study area: only at 15 sites are the spectral peaks greater than 3 units, and this occurs predominantly on lava outcrops, where the maximum amplification occurs between 7 and 10 Hz. This frequency band is consistent with weathering processes of the lava flows. At soft sites the observation of significant amplitude (〉3) spectral peaks is limited to a few cases. The recordings of six broad-band stations laying on or near the selected profiles have been used for a preliminary comparison between microtremor results and amplifications observed during individual earthquakes. The H/V spectral ratios are generally similar for microtremor and earthquake data, microtremor tending to underestimate the amplitude of horizontal ground motions of earthquakes. But amplifications at sedimentary outcrops (with reference to a massive lava site) can be significant during individual earthquakes, and in some cases include frequency bands where no tendency to amplify was inferred from the microtremor H/V spectral ratios. Even though this comparison needs more data before reaching a stable conclusion, a preliminary analysis of earthquake data confirms that caution is required in using ambient noise for engineering purposes in complex and laterally sharply varying nearsurface geological structures such as those presented by the urban area of Catania.
    Description: Published
    Description: 317-334
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: noise measurements, Catania ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Programma ENEA – MURST (legge 95/95 annualità 1996) “Catastrofi naturali e loro conseguenze sul patrimonio culturale ed ambientale italiano. Mitigazione e previsione di alcune tipologie di eventi”
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: effetti di sito, microtremori, medellazione numerica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo rapporto di attività viene illustrata la seconda fase delle ricerche svolte dall’UR-INGV nei due comuni selezionati ai fini del progetto, Nocera Umbra e Cerreto di Spoleto. Per quanto riguarda Nocera Umbra, si sono analizzati i dati sismometrici registrati durante un esperimento mediante array sismico a piccola apertura, appositamente installato sulla collina di Nocera Umbra per lo studio dell'effetto topografico e la quantificazione del ruolo delle variazioni topografiche locali sull'input sismico. Va ricordato che la torre campanaria, pesantemente danneggiata durante le scosse più forti del Settembre e Ottobre 1997, come pure l’intero centro storico di Nocera Umbra, sono situati sulla sommità di una collina. E' apparso pertanto importante valutare gli effetti di amplificazione del moto del suolo con grande dettaglio spaziale nella zona dove sono localizzati gli edifici monumentali e la parte storica della città. Sono stati anche effettuati due profili geoelettrici a cavallo della faglia, probabilmente inattiva, che attraversa Nocera Umbra, e tramite inversione tomografica dei dati di resistività si è cercata una conferma dell’estensione laterale della zona di faglia, alla cui presenza è stata attribuita la causa principale dell’accelerazione di 0.6 g registrata nella stazione della rete accelerometrica nazionale ubicata nella cabina ENEL di Nocera Umbra, a circa 20 m dalla parete della faglia stessa. E' stato infine analizzato in dettaglio il ruolo giocato dalla zona di faglia nella propagazione delle onde sismiche, sia in termini di picchi di accelerazione e velocità che di amplificazioni spettrali, in campo lineare e non lineare. L’intervento su Cerreto di Spoleto ha visto l’installazione di stazioni sismiche nell’area urbana congiuntamente all’UR-ENEA, e l’esecuzione di misure geoelettriche per la definizione delle geometrie sepolte nella piana di Borgo Cerreto. Inoltre, si è studiato in dettaglio l’effetto di amplificazione in prossimità di una faglia che attraversa il centro storico di Cerreto di Spoleto, dove le registrazioni sismiche hanno evidenziato, analogamente al caso di Nocera Umbra, un forte effetto di canalizzazione dell’energia incidente sotto forma di "trapped waves", e dove precedentemente si era constatata la massima concentrazione dei danni durante le più forti scosse, localizzate nella zona di Sellano-Preci, dell’Ottobre 1997. Nei successivi paragrafi vengono mostrati i risultati di queste indagini.
    Description: INGV - Programma ENEA – MURST (legge 95/95 annualità 1996) “Catastrofi naturali e loro conseguenze sul patrimonio culturale ed ambientale italiano. Mitigazione e previsione di alcune tipologie di eventi”
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: effetti topografici, intrappolamento in zona di faglia, indagini geoelettriche ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this Report comparisons of seismic damage distribution with the (H/V) spectral ratio results is attempted, under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC-RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 04 (WP04– H/V Technique: Empirical Evaluation).
    Description: European Commission – Research General Directorate Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard, noise, damage distribution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A significant part of damage observed in destructive earthquakes around the world is associated with seismic wave amplification due to local site effects. Site response analysis is therefore a fundamental part of assessing seismic hazard in earthquake prone areas. A number of experiments are required to evaluate local site effects. Among the empirical methods the H/V spectral ratios on ambient vibrations is probably one of the most common approaches. The method, also called the „Nakamura technique“ (Nakamura, 1989), was first introduced by Nogoshi and Igarashi (1971) based on the initial studies of Kanai and Tanaka (1961). Since then, many investigators in different parts of the world have conducted a large number of applications. An important requirement for the implementation of the H/V method is a good knowledge of engineering seismology combined with background information on local geological conditions supported by geophysical and geotechnical data. The method is typically applied in microzonation studies and in the investigation of the local response of specific sites. In the present document, the application of the H/V technique in assessing local site effects due to dynamic earthquake excitations, is the main focus, whereas other applications regarding the static aspects are not considered. In the framework of the European research project SESAME (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations: Contract No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026), the use of ambient vibrations in understanding local site effects has been studied in detail. The present guidelines on the H/V spectral ratio technique are the result of comprehensive and detailed analyses performed by the SESAME participants during the last three years. In this respect, the guidelines represent the state-of-the-art of the present knowledge of this method and its applications, and are based on the consensus reached by a large group of participants. It reflects the synthesis of a considerable amount of data collection and subsequent analysis and interpretations. In general, due to the experimental character of the H/V method, the absolute values obtained for a given site require careful examination. In this respect visual inspection of the data both during data collection and processing is necessary. Especially during the interpretation of the results there should be frequent interaction with regard to the choices of the parameters for processing. The guidelines presented here outline the recommendations that should be taken into account in studies of local site effects using the H/V technique on ambient vibrations. The recommendations given apply basically for the case where the method is used alone in assessing the natural frequency of sites of interest and are therefore based on a rather strict set of criteria. The recommended use of the H/V method is however, to combine several other geophysical and geotechnical approaches with sufficient understanding of the local geological conditions. In such a case, the interpretation of the H/V results can be improved significantly in the light of the complementary data. The guidelines are organised in two separate parts; the quick field reference and interpretation guidelines (Part I) and detailed technical guidelines (Part II). Part I aims to summarise the most critical factors that influence the data collection, analysis and interpretation and provides schematic recommendations on the interpretation of results. Part II includes a detailed description of the technical requirements, standard data processing and the interpretation of results. Several examples of the criteria described in Part I and II are given in Appendix A. In addition, some physical explanations of the results based on theoretical considerations are given in Appendix B. In Part II, section 1, the results of the experiments performed within the framework of the SESAME project are given in smaller fonts to separate these from the recommendations and the explanations given in the guidelines. The word „soil“ should be considered as a generic term used throughout the text to refer to all kinds of deposits overlying bedrock without taking into account their specific origin. The processing software J-SESAME developed specifically for using in H/V technique, is explained (provided on a separate CD accompanying the guidelines) in Part II. However, the recommendations given in the guidelines are meant for general application of the method with any other similar software. J-SESAME is provided as a tool for the easy implementation of the recommendations outlined in this document. Regarding the processing of the data, several options can be chosen, but the recommended processing options are provided as defaults by the J-SESAME software.
    Description: European Commission – Research General Directorate Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: guidelines, sesame project, H/V spectral ratio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The city of Palermo is an appropriate test site where the efficiency of microtremors in predicting ground motion properties during earthquakes can be checked. Palermo is a densely populated city with important historical heritage and was object of previous studies. Areas of local amplification of damage were identified in downtown Palermo using historical macroseismic data. Moreover, aftershocks of the September 6, 2002, earthquake (Mw 5.9, 40 km offshore) provided a dataset of seismograms that quantify spatial variations of ground motion. The availability of more than 2000 boreholes in the city allowed a reconstruction of the 3D structure of surface geology, indicating that all the higher damage zones correspond to sediment-filled valleys. The high variability of the surface geology is mostly due to the presence of two filled river-beds of about 150 m width. In the framework of the SESAME project (Seismic EffectS assessment using Ambient Exctations, funded by the European Union), 90 microtremor measurements were performed across several profiles crossing the soft sediment bodies. The measurement points were intensified close to the valley edges (every 20 m), according to our geological reconstruction. H/V spectral ratio on ambient noise (HVSR) show significant variations along each profile: as soon as the transition stiff to soft is crossed, a typical spectral peak exceeding a factor of 3 in amplitude appears in the HVSR. The peak falls between 1 and 2 Hz and, along each profile, the peak disappears as soon as the other edge of the valley is crossed. These results indicate that microtremors are sensitive to the presence of large impedance contrasts of deep soft soil, at least in the Palermo area, with an important implication: the HVSR method seems to be able to recognize conditions potentially favourable to the occurrence of higher damage even when local geological characters are masked by the urban growth. However, we were not able to establish a quantitative correlation between microtremor properties and ground motion (or damage) amplification.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vancouver, B.C., Canada
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Palermo, noise measurements, macroseismic intensity, ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to empirically evaluate the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique, ambient noise measurements performed in about two hundred sites mainly in Europe where weak or/and strong motion data was recorded. Standard Information Sheets (SIS) and earthquake information data were included in the SESAME [Site EffectS assessment using AMbient Excitations] project database, specially designed to facilitate data selection. All noise recordings were processed with JSESAME software to calculate (H/V) spectral ratio, whereas weak and strong motion earthquake recordings were processed with a similarly standardized procedure. For the latter, (H/V) receiver function for all sites were calculated. Experimental site transfer functions obtained from earthquake recordings were compared with the (H/V) spectral ratios from noise recordings in terms of fundamental frequency, amplification bandwidth and amplification level. Similarities and differences between (H/V) spectral ratio of noise and earthquake recordings are presented and discussed. In addition, a dense grid of noise measurements were performed within urban environment of cities affected by strong earthquake (Greece: Thessaloniki, Kalamata, Italy: Palermo). It seems that the (H/V) spectral ratio may satisfactorily indicate areas favorable to the occurrence of higher damage in urban environment. However, quantitative correlation between (H/V) spectral ratio properties and damage distribution (macroseismic intensity, damage grades) in some cases, is difficult to be established given the complexity of parameters involved.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vancouver, B.C., Canada
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sesame project, H/V spectral ratio, empirical evaluation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2017-10-19
    Description: We performed three-dimensional analysis of anisotropic parameters of body waves to develop a 3D self-consistent dynamic model of the syn-convergent extension in the Northern Apennines within the multidisciplinary project RETREAT. Simultaneous extension within the convergent margin can be the consequence of the retreat of the subducting Adriatic plate from the orogenic front, caused by sub-lithosphere mantle processes that seismic anisotropy can help to decipher. We use data recorded by the RETREAT temporary array consisting of 35 stations complemented by data of permanent INGV observatories. Currently, 18-months of data are available from some stations, representing half of the passive experiment duration. We detect many examples of core-refracted shear-wave splitting within the upper mantle, and observe both distinct lateral variations of anisotropic parameters and their dependence on the direction of propagation. In particular, the fast shear-wave polarization changes from slab-perpendicular to slab-parallel along the Apennines chain. There is also a distinct change in the anisotropic signals across the presumed boundary of the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic micro-plates. Variations of the splitting time delays and orientation of the fast shear waves, together with considerations on the geodynamics of the area, seem to exclude simple sub-lithosphere mantle corner flow as the only source of the observed anisotropy. Alternate models include (1) a frozen-in fabric of different lithosphere domains, and (2) complex mantle flow associated with the Plio-Pleisocene uplift and extension of Tuscany.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: anisotropy ; SKS shear wave splitting ; Northern Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2018-10-23
    Description: The effects of surface geology on ground motion provide an important tool in seismic hazard studies. It is well known that the presence of soft sediments can cause amplification of the ground motion at the surface, particularly when there is a sharp impedance contrast at shallow depth. The town of Avellino is located in an area characterised by high seismicity in Italy, about 30 km from the epicentre of the 23 November 1980, Irpinia earthquake (M = 6.9). No earthquake recordings are available in the area. The local geology is characterised by strong heterogeneity, with impedance contrasts at depth. We present the results from seismic noise measurements carried out in the urban area of Avellino to evaluate the effects of local geology on the seismic ground motion. We computed the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) noise spectral ratios at 16 selected sites in this urban area for which drilling data are available within the first 40 m of depth. A Rayleigh wave inversion technique using the peak frequencies of the noise H/V spectral ratios is then presented for estimating Vs models, assuming that the thicknesses of the shallow soil layers are known. The results show a good correspondence between experimental and theoretical peak frequencies, which are interpreted in terms of sediment resonance. For one site, which is characterised by a broad peak in the horizontal-to-vertical spectral-ratio curve, simple one-dimensional modelling is not representative of the resonance effects. Consistent variations in peak amplitudes are seen among the sites. A site classification based on shear-wave velocity characteristics, in terms of Vs30, cannot explain these data. The differences observed are better correlated to the impedance contrast between the sediments and basement. A more detailed investigation of the physical parameters of the subsoil structure, together with earthquake data, are desirable for future research, to confirm these data in terms of site response.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1173 – 1188
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ambient noise ; HVSR ; site effects ; Avellino ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2021-09-03
    Description: Granada (Southern Spain) is a place of rare and enigmatic very deep focus earthquakes, the last one on April 11, 2010, with magnitude of 6.3 and depth of 620 km. We use regional broadband recordings to estimate QP and QS in the mantle for frequencies between 0.25 and 8 Hz, computing the spectra of the direct P- and S-waves with their early P- and S coda. We use the spectral decay method, constraining crustal Q to values given in the literature. We obtain robust estimates of QP in 6 frequency bands (0.25, 0.5,1, 2, 4 and 8 Hz) and of QS in 4 bands (0.25, 0.5,1, 2 Hz). QP in the mantle ranges from 13 at 0.25 Hz to 346 at 8 Hz and QS from 59 at 0.25 to 183 at 2 Hz. The frequency dependence is well fitted by Q = Q0f a with a equal to 0.6 for QS and 1.0 for QP, and Q0 equal to 109 for QS and 63 for QP. The QP/QS ratio is less than 1. These are extreme values within the ranges of mantle Q, QP/QS and a values reported in the literature, indicating strong scattering attenuation and absence of melt. We propose that such values, rather than being an exception, may approximate the average upper mantle, with solid olivine composition and small-scale heterogeneity.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09303
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic attnuation, Subduction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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