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  • Articles  (291)
  • United States  (166)
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary  (71)
  • Cell Line
  • Chemistry
  • 2005-2009  (291)
  • 2007  (291)
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  • 2005-2009  (291)
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  • 1
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    The HAMMONIA chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO2 doubling, (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand, by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10 K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3903-3931
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sensitivity ; Chemistry ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Counting low-copy number proteins in a single cell (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: We have designed a microfluidic device in which we can manipulate, lyse, label, separate, and quantify the protein contents of a single cell using single-molecule fluorescence counting. Generic labeling of proteins is achieved through fluorescent-antibody binding. The use of cylindrical optics enables high-efficiency (approximately 60%) counting of molecules in micrometer-sized channels. We used this microfluidic device to quantify beta2 adrenergic receptors expressed in insect cells (SF9). We also analyzed phycobiliprotein contents in individual cyanobacterial cells (Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942) and observed marked differences in the levels of specific complexes in cell populations that were grown under nitrogen-depleted conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Bo -- Wu, Hongkai -- Bhaya, Devaki -- Grossman, Arthur -- Granier, Sebastien -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Zare, Richard N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):81-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bacterial Proteins/*analysis ; Bacteriolysis ; Carbocyanines ; Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Lasers ; *Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Microfluidics ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Optics and Photonics ; Phycobilisomes/metabolism ; Phycocyanin/*analysis ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*analysis ; Synechococcus/*chemistry/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Phil Baran profile. Chemical high-flyer's strategy: take away the safety net (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1785-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Products/*chemical synthesis ; Chemistry, Organic/history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Role of intermolecular forces in defining material properties of protein nanofibrils (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Protein molecules have the ability to form a rich variety of natural and artificial structures and materials. We show that amyloid fibrils, ordered supramolecular nanostructures that are self-assembled from a wide range of polypeptide molecules, have rigidities varying over four orders of magnitude, and constitute a class of high-performance biomaterials. We elucidate the molecular origin of fibril material properties and show that the major contribution to their rigidity stems from a generic interbackbone hydrogen-bonding network that is modulated by variable side-chain interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knowles, Tuomas P -- Fitzpatrick, Anthony W -- Meehan, Sarah -- Mott, Helen R -- Vendruscolo, Michele -- Dobson, Christopher M -- Welland, Mark E -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1900-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Insulin/chemistry ; Lactalbumin/chemistry ; Lactoglobulins/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Nanostructures/*chemistry ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Prealbumin/chemistry ; Prions/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Surface Tension ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    U.S. nanotechnology. Health and safety research slated for sizable gains (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):926.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environment ; Financing, Government ; *Nanotechnology ; *Research Support as Topic ; Safety ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Positive regulation of Itk PH domain function by soluble IP4 (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated protein recruitment to cellular membranes is of paramount importance for signal transduction. The recruitment of many PH domains is controlled through production and turnover of their membrane ligand, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We show that phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) establishes another mode of PH domain regulation through a soluble ligand. At physiological concentrations, IP4 promoted PH domain binding to PIP3. In primary mouse CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, this was required for full activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk after T cell receptor engagement. Our data suggest that IP4 establishes a feedback loop of phospholipase C-gamma1 activation through Itk that is essential for T cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yina H -- Grasis, Juris A -- Miller, Andrew T -- Xu, Ruo -- Soonthornvacharin, Stephen -- Andreotti, Amy H -- Tsoukas, Constantine D -- Cooke, Michael P -- Sauer, Karsten -- AR048848/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):886-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymphopoiesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Science in Zimbabwe. Researchers struggle to adapt to economic, political turmoil (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):684-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; *Research/economics ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Zimbabwe
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Medicine. Initiative aims to merge animal and human health science to benefit both (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Medical Association ; Animals ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Medicine ; Societies ; United States ; *Veterinary Medicine ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Breakthrough of the year. Global warming, hotter than ever (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Climate change, a perennial runner-up for Breakthrough of the Year, broke from the pack this year--both in the pages of this section and in the public arena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1846-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; United Nations ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Cell signaling. The art of the soluble (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irvine, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):845-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK. rfi20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Solubility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Museum management. Turnover at the top, but problems persist at the Smithsonian (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Museums ; Natural History ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Public health. 911.gov (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shneiderman, Ben -- Preece, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ben@cs.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disaster Planning ; *Disasters ; Government ; *Internet ; Telephone ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Multicolor super-resolution imaging with photo-switchable fluorescent probes (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Recent advances in far-field optical nanoscopy have enabled fluorescence imaging with a spatial resolution of 20 to 50 nanometers. Multicolor super-resolution imaging, however, remains a challenging task. Here, we introduce a family of photo-switchable fluorescent probes and demonstrate multicolor stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). Each probe consists of a photo-switchable "reporter" fluorophore that can be cycled between fluorescent and dark states, and an "activator" that facilitates photo-activation of the reporter. Combinatorial pairing of reporters and activators allows the creation of probes with many distinct colors. Iterative, color-specific activation of sparse subsets of these probes allows their localization with nanometer accuracy, enabling the construction of a super-resolution STORM image. Using this approach, we demonstrate multicolor imaging of DNA model samples and mammalian cells with 20- to 30-nanometer resolution. This technique will facilitate direct visualization of molecular interactions at the nanometer scale.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633025/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633025/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bates, Mark -- Huang, Bo -- Dempsey, Graham T -- Zhuang, Xiaowei -- GM 068518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068518-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1749-53. Epub 2007 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles ; DNA/*analysis ; *DNA Probes ; *Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Microtubules ; Nanotechnology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Metagenomics. Massive microbial sequence project proposed (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Europe ; *Genetics, Microbial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Chemistry. Roots of biosynthetic diversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christianson, David W -- GM56838/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):60-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. chris@sas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Evolution, Molecular ; Geranyltranstransferase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hemiterpenes/metabolism ; Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Terpenes/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Better use of existing knowledge (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Batich, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1564.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Humans ; Iraq ; *Military Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; Warfare
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  • 18
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    Structure of Nup58/45 suggests flexible nuclear pore diameter by intermolecular sliding (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: The nucleoporins Nup58 and Nup45 are part of the central transport channel of the nuclear pore complex, which is thought to have a flexible diameter. In the crystal structure of an alpha-helical region of mammalian Nup58/45, we identified distinct tetramers, each consisting of two antiparallel hairpin dimers. The intradimeric interface is hydrophobic, whereas dimer-dimer association occurs through large hydrophilic residues. These residues are laterally displaced in various tetramer conformations, which suggests an intermolecular sliding by 11 angstroms. We propose that circumferential sliding plays a role in adjusting the diameter of the central transport channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melcak, Ivo -- Hoelz, Andre -- Blobel, Gunter -- R01 GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1729-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rats ; Static Electricity
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    Differential transmission of actin motion within focal adhesions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: Cell migration requires the transmission of motion generated in the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment through a complex assembly of proteins in focal adhesions. We developed correlational fluorescent speckle microscopy to measure the coupling of focal-adhesion proteins to actin filaments. Different classes of focal-adhesion structural and regulatory molecules exhibited varying degrees of correlated motions with actin filaments, indicating hierarchical transmission of actin motion through focal adhesions. Interactions between vinculin, talin, and actin filaments appear to constitute a slippage interface between the cytoskeleton and integrins, generating a molecular clutch that is regulated during the morphodynamic transitions of cell migration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Ke -- Ji, Lin -- Applegate, Kathryn T -- Danuser, Gaudenz -- Waterman-Storer, Clare M -- GM67230/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM64346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):111-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actinin/metabolism ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Focal Adhesions/*metabolism ; Integrin alphaVbeta3/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Monte Carlo Method ; Paxillin/metabolism ; Potoroidae ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Talin/metabolism ; Vinculin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Astrobiology. Robot seeks new life--and new funding--in the abyss of Zacaton (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; *Exobiology ; Hot Springs/*microbiology ; Jupiter ; Mexico ; Robotics/economics/*instrumentation ; Software ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Grants management. NSF survey of applicants finds a system teetering on the brink (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):880-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict of Interest ; Data Collection ; Financing, Government ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Environment meets health, again (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Welfare ; Ecology ; *Environment ; *Environmental Health ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space. Columbus injects science into station (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1374-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Europe ; *Research ; Space Flight ; *Spacecraft/economics ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Weightlessness
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  • 24
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    Anatomy and dynamics of a supramolecular membrane protein cluster (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Most plasmalemmal proteins organize in submicrometer-sized clusters whose architecture and dynamics are still enigmatic. With syntaxin 1 as an example, we applied a combination of far-field optical nanoscopy, biochemistry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, and simulations to show that clustering can be explained by self-organization based on simple physical principles. On average, the syntaxin clusters exhibit a diameter of 50 to 60 nanometers and contain 75 densely crowded syntaxins that dynamically exchange with freely diffusing molecules. Self-association depends on weak homophilic protein-protein interactions. Simulations suggest that clustering immobilizes and conformationally constrains the molecules. Moreover, a balance between self-association and crowding-induced steric repulsions is sufficient to explain both the size and dynamics of syntaxin clusters and likely of many oligomerizing membrane proteins that form supramolecular structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieber, Jochen J -- Willig, Katrin I -- Kutzner, Carsten -- Gerding-Reimers, Claas -- Harke, Benjamin -- Donnert, Gerald -- Rammner, Burkhard -- Eggeling, Christian -- Hell, Stefan W -- Grubmuller, Helmut -- Lang, Thorsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1072-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chemistry, Physical ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Immunoblotting ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Nanotechnology ; PC12 Cells ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Syntaxin 1/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Direct observation of chaperone-induced changes in a protein folding pathway (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: How chaperone interactions affect protein folding pathways is a central problem in biology. With the use of optical tweezers and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the effect of chaperone SecB on the folding and unfolding pathways of maltose binding protein (MBP) at the single-molecule level. In the absence of SecB, we find that the MBP polypeptide first collapses into a molten globulelike compacted state and then folds into a stable core structure onto which several alpha helices are finally wrapped. Interactions with SecB completely prevent stable tertiary contacts in the core structure but have no detectable effect on the folding of the external alpha helices. It appears that SecB only binds to the extended or molten globulelike structure and retains MBP in this latter state. Thus during MBP translocation, no energy is required to disrupt stable tertiary interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bechtluft, Philipp -- van Leeuwen, Ruud G H -- Tyreman, Matthew -- Tomkiewicz, Danuta -- Nouwen, Nico -- Tepper, Harald L -- Driessen, Arnold J M -- Tans, Sander J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1458-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Bio-molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Optical Tweezers ; Periplasmic Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Structure of the membrane protein FhaC: a member of the Omp85-TpsB transporter superfamily (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: In Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic organelles, beta-barrel proteins of the outer membrane protein 85-two-partner secretion B (Omp85-TpsB) superfamily are essential components of protein transport machineries. The TpsB transporter FhaC mediates the secretion of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). We report the 3.15 A crystal structure of FhaC. The transporter comprises a 16-stranded beta barrel that is occluded by an N-terminal alpha helix and an extracellular loop and a periplasmic module composed of two aligned polypeptide-transport-associated (POTRA) domains. Functional data reveal that FHA binds to the POTRA 1 domain via its N-terminal domain and likely translocates the adhesin-repeated motifs in an extended hairpin conformation, with folding occurring at the cell surface. General features of the mechanism obtained here are likely to apply throughout the superfamily.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clantin, Bernard -- Delattre, Anne-Sophie -- Rucktooa, Prakash -- Saint, Nathalie -- Meli, Albano C -- Locht, Camille -- Jacob-Dubuisson, Francoise -- Villeret, Vincent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):957-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR8161 CNRS, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Universite de Lille 1, Universite de Lille 2, 1 rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59021 Lille cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bordetella pertussis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/chemistry/*metabolism
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    NIH funding: what does the future look like? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werner, Milton H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):198-200; author reply 198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17436447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Financing, Government ; Forecasting ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Personnel/supply & distribution ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Public science. Pilot NSF program flies into stiff community headwinds (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1365-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Community-Institutional Relations ; Pilot Projects ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Forced unfolding of proteins within cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: To identify cytoskeletal proteins that change conformation or assembly within stressed cells, in situ labeling of sterically shielded cysteines with fluorophores was analyzed by fluorescence imaging, quantitative mass spectrometry, and sequential two-dye labeling. Within red blood cells, shotgun labeling showed that shielded cysteines in the two isoforms of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin were increasingly labeled as a function of shear stress and time, indicative of forced unfolding of specific domains. Within mesenchymal stem cells-as a prototypical adherent cell-nonmuscle myosin IIA and vimentin are just two of the cytoskeletal proteins identified that show differential labeling in tensed versus drug-relaxed cells. Cysteine labeling of proteins within live cells can thus be used to fluorescently map out sites of molecular-scale deformation, and the results also suggest means to colocalize signaling events such as phosphorylation with forced unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741095/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741095/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Colin P -- Tang, Hsin-Yao -- Carag, Christine -- Speicher, David W -- Discher, Dennis E -- R01 EB007049/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB007049-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB007049-02/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB007049-03/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062352-09A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AR056128/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AR056128-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AR056128-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR022575/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR022575-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):663-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysical Engineering Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatography, Liquid ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*chemistry ; Erythrocytes/*chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*chemistry ; Naphthalenesulfonates ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA/chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spectrin/chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Temperature ; Vimentin/chemistry
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    Program evaluation. Researchers fault U.S. report critiquing education programs (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education ; Program Evaluation/*standards ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States
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    Budget policy. U.S. science adviser tells researchers to look elsewhere (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):817-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government ; Foundations ; *Fund Raising ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Retrospective: Arthur Kornberg (1918-2007) (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berg, Paul -- Lehman, I R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1564.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. pberg@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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    Comment on "A G protein coupled receptor is a plasma membrane receptor for the plant hormone abscisic acid" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Liu et al. (Reports, 23 March 2007, p. 1712) reported that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene GCR2 encodes a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor for abscisic acid. We argue that GCR2 is not likely to be a transmembrane protein nor a G protein-coupled receptor. Instead, GCR2 is most likely a plant homolog of bacterial lanthionine synthetases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, Christopher A -- Temple, Brenda R -- Chen, Jin-Gui -- Gao, Yajun -- Moriyama, Etsuko N -- Jones, Alan M -- Siderovski, David P -- Willard, Francis S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):914; author reply 914.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism ; Algorithms ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; Hydro-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment
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    Steven Koonin profile. Guiding an oil tanker into renewable waters (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):790.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Biotechnology ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Industry ; *Petroleum ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A sustainable future, if we pay up front (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):782-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; *Conservation of Energy Resources ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Europe ; Fossil Fuels ; *Research ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs, not Bax or Bak (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: A central issue in the regulation of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family is whether its BH3-only members initiate apoptosis by directly binding to the essential cell-death mediators Bax and Bak, or whether they can act indirectly, by engaging their pro-survival Bcl-2-like relatives. Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Simon N -- Fletcher, Jamie I -- Kaufmann, Thomas -- van Delft, Mark F -- Chen, Lin -- Czabotar, Peter E -- Ierino, Helen -- Lee, Erinna F -- Fairlie, W Douglas -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Strasser, Andreas -- Kluck, Ruth M -- Adams, Jerry M -- Huang, David C S -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):856-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PTSD and Vietnam Veterans (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frueh, B Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):184-7; author reply 184-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17225296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Psychometrics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs ; Veterans/*psychology ; Veterans Disability Claims ; *Vietnam Conflict
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. 2007 budget. NSF enjoys a heartfelt ending to a difficult budget year (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1062-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    U.S. science policy. Report tells NSF to think more boldly (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Peer Review, Research ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Relevance. Pharmacology in the high-school classroom (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiek, Nicole C -- Halpin, Myra J -- Reiter, Jerome P -- Hoeffler, Leanne A -- Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D -- DA10904/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1871-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Chemistry/*education ; *Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacology/*education ; *Schools ; Teaching ; United States
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    The slit receptor EVA-1 coactivates a SAX-3/Robo mediated guidance signal in C. elegans (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The SAX-3/roundabout (Robo) receptor has SLT-1/Slit-dependent and -independent functions in guiding cell and axon migrations. We identified enhancer of ventral-axon guidance defects of unc-40 mutants (EVA-1) as a Caenorhabditis elegans transmembrane receptor for SLT-1. EVA-1 has two predicted galactose-binding ectodomains, acts cell-autonomously for SLT-1/Slit-dependent axon migration functions of SAX-3/Robo, binds to SLT-1 and SAX-3, colocalizes with SAX-3 on cells, and provides cell specificity to the activation of SAX-3 signaling by SLT-1. Double mutants of eva-1 or slt-1 with sax-3 mutations suggest that SAX-3 can (when slt-1 or eva-1 function is reduced) inhibit a parallel-acting guidance mechanism, which involves UNC-40/deleted in colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisawa, Kazuko -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Culotti, Joseph G -- NS41397/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1934-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Nervous System/growth & development/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Biochemistry. A missing link in membrane protein evolution (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poolman, Bert -- Geertsma, Eric R -- Slotboom, Dirk-Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1229-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. b.poolman@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiporters/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    RAP80 targets BRCA1 to specific ubiquitin structures at DNA damage sites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Mutations affecting the BRCT domains of the breast cancer-associated tumor suppressor BRCA1 disrupt the recruitment of this protein to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The molecular structures at DSBs recognized by BRCA1 are presently unknown. We report the interaction of the BRCA1 BRCT domain with RAP80, a ubiquitin-binding protein. RAP80 targets a complex containing the BRCA1-BARD1 (BRCA1-associated ring domain protein 1) E3 ligase and the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) BRCC36 to MDC1-gammaH2AX-dependent lysine(6)- and lysine(63)-linked ubiquitin polymers at DSBs. These events are required for cell cycle checkpoint and repair responses to ionizing radiation, implicating ubiquitin chain recognition and turnover in the BRCA1-mediated repair of DSBs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sobhian, Bijan -- Shao, Genze -- Lilli, Dana R -- Culhane, Aedin C -- Moreau, Lisa A -- Xia, Bing -- Livingston, David M -- Greenberg, Roger A -- K08 CA106597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA106597-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1198-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. research funding. Science adviser says that pruning is the key to a healthy budget (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):927.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research/economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/*economics/organization & administration ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    2008 U.S. budget. Research rises--and falls--in the president's spending plan (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):750-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    NIH funding: what does the future look like? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furcht, Leo T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):198-200; author reply 198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Financing, Government ; Forecasting ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Environment. Sustainable development of the agricultural bio-economy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: A U.S. farm policy shift to joint production of commodities and ecological services will advance sustainable agriculture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, N -- Boody, G -- Broussard, W -- Glover, J D -- Keeney, D -- McCown, B H -- McIsaac, G -- Muller, M -- Murray, H -- Neal, J -- Pansing, C -- Turner, R E -- Warner, K -- Wyse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1570-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55018, USA. jorda020@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Research ; United States
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    A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates. Variants of MC1R with reduced function are associated with pale skin color and red hair in humans of primarily European origin. We amplified and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r) from two Neanderthal remains. Both specimens have a mutation that was not found in approximately 3700 modern humans analyzed. Functional analyses show that this variant reduces MC1R activity to a level that alters hair and/or skin pigmentation in humans. The impaired activity of this variant suggests that Neanderthals varied in pigmentation levels, potentially on the scale observed in modern humans. Our data suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neanderthals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- Rompler, Holger -- Caramelli, David -- Staubert, Claudia -- Catalano, Giulio -- Hughes, David -- Rohland, Nadin -- Pilli, Elena -- Longo, Laura -- Condemi, Silvana -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Stoneking, Mark -- Schoneberg, Torsten -- Bertranpetit, Jaume -- Hofreiter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1453-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. clalueza@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; *Fossils ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics
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    Bioterrorism. Panel provides peer review of intelligence research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Biological Warfare Agents ; *Bioterrorism ; *Peer Review, Research ; Research/*standards ; Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Research careers. Postdoc survey finds gender split on family issues (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Career Mobility ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Data Collection ; *Education, Graduate ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Prejudice ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women, Working
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Polymerizing actin fibers position integrins primed to probe for adhesion sites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Migrating cells extend protrusions, probing the surrounding matrix in search of permissive sites to form adhesions. We found that actin fibers polymerizing along the leading edge directed local protrusions and drove synchronous sideways movement of beta1 integrin adhesion receptors. These movements lead to the clustering and positioning of conformationally activated, but unligated, beta1 integrins along the leading edge of fibroblast lamellae and growth cone filopodia. Thus, rapid actin-based movement of primed integrins along the leading edge suggests a "sticky fingers" mechanism to probe for new adhesion sites and to direct migration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galbraith, Catherine G -- Yamada, Kenneth M -- Galbraith, James A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD29/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pseudopodia/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Public policy. Watson condemned for comments on intelligence (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Prejudice ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biochemistry. A new target for antibiotic development (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Gerard D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Antimicrobial Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5. wrightge@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoacyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptidoglycan/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology
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    Counting on embryos (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):566-8; author reply 566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; *Directed Tissue Donation ; *Embryo Disposition ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Sampling Studies ; United States
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    Bioweapons. Panel wants U.S. program to retain its Russian roots (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1845.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Warfare/prevention & control ; *Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Laboratories ; Research Support as Topic ; Russia ; Security Measures ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PKA type IIalpha holoenzyme reveals a combinatorial strategy for isoform diversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is inhibited by two classes of regulatory subunits, RI and RII. The RII subunits are substrates as well as inhibitors and do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form holoenzyme, which distinguishes them from RI subunits. To understand the molecular basis for isoform diversity, we solved the crystal structure of an RIIalpha holoenzyme and compared it to the RIalpha holoenzyme. Unphosphorylated RIIalpha(90-400), a deletion mutant, undergoes major conformational changes as both of the cAMP-binding domains wrap around the C subunit's large lobe. The hallmark of this conformational reorganization is the helix switch in domain A. The C subunit is in an open conformation, and its carboxyl-terminal tail is disordered. This structure demonstrates the conserved and isoform-specific features of RI and RII and the importance of ATP, and also provides a new paradigm for designing isoform-specific activators or antagonists for PKA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jian -- Brown, Simon H J -- von Daake, Sventja -- Taylor, Susan S -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):274-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Isoenzymes/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: We have used 19.9 million papers over 5 decades and 2.1 million patents to demonstrate that teams increasingly dominate solo authors in the production of knowledge. Research is increasingly done in teams across nearly all fields. Teams typically produce more frequently cited research than individuals do, and this advantage has been increasing over time. Teams now also produce the exceptionally high-impact research, even where that distinction was once the domain of solo authors. These results are detailed for sciences and engineering, social sciences, arts and humanities, and patents, suggesting that the process of knowledge creation has fundamentally changed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuchty, Stefan -- Jones, Benjamin F -- Uzzi, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1036-9. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern Institute on Complexity (NICO), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Databases as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Engineering ; Humanities ; *Knowledge ; *Patents as Topic ; Publishing/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Research/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Sociology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Postdoctoral training. NSF, NIH emphasize the importance of mentoring (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Mentors/legislation & jurisprudence ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science careers. Translational institute unites unlikely partners at Penn (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics/education/organization & administration ; *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Hospitals, Pediatric ; *Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pennsylvania ; *Research Personnel/education ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Treating diseases with adult stem cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prentice, David A -- Tarne, Gene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*transplantation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Therapeutics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Changes in innovation ecology (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulf, William A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diffusion of Innovation ; *Technology ; United States
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    Biosecurity. Rising Asian threat leaves Russia in the lurch (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Biological Warfare/*prevention & control ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Russia ; *Security Measures ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Epidemiology. Privacy policies take a toll on research, survey finds (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1049.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Data Collection ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; *Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; United States
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    Global health. Bush boosts AIDS relief: cause for applause and pause (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1552.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/economics/prevention & control ; *Anti-HIV Agents/economics/therapeutic use ; *Budgets ; *Global Health ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Animal studies. NIH to end chimp breeding for research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Breeding ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States
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    The uncertain future of research chimpanzees (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prince, Alfred M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Breeding ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    AIDS drugs. Brazil, Thailand override big pharma patents (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):816.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-HIV Agents/economics ; Brazil ; Drug Costs ; *Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Drugs, Generic/economics ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Patents as Topic ; Thailand ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Biodefense. Lawmakers worry that lab expansion poses risks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents ; *Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Humans ; *Laboratories/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Laboratory Infection ; Risk ; *Safety Management/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Domain architecture of pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin-dependent multifunctional enzyme (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Biotin-dependent multifunctional enzymes carry out metabolically important carboxyl group transfer reactions and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These enzymes use a tethered biotin cofactor to carry an activated carboxyl group between distantly spaced active sites. The mechanism of this transfer has remained poorly understood. Here we report the complete structure of pyruvate carboxylase at 2.0 angstroms resolution, which shows its domain arrangement. The structure, when combined with mutagenic analysis, shows that intermediate transfer occurs between active sites on separate polypeptide chains. In addition, domain rearrangements associated with activator binding decrease the distance between active-site pairs, providing a mechanism for allosteric activation. This description provides insight into the function of biotin-dependent enzymes and presents a new paradigm for multifunctional enzyme catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St Maurice, Martin -- Reinhardt, Laurie -- Surinya, Kathy H -- Attwood, Paul V -- Wallace, John C -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Rayment, Ivan -- AR35186/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070455/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1076-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Activators/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyruvate Carboxylase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhizobium etli/*enzymology
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    Structural basis of DNA replication origin recognition by an ORC protein (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: DNA replication in archaea and in eukaryotes share many similarities. We report the structure of an archaeal origin recognition complex protein, ORC1, bound to an origin recognition box, a DNA sequence that is found in multiple copies at replication origins. DNA binding is mediated principally by a C-terminal winged helix domain that inserts deeply into the major and minor grooves, widening them both. However, additional DNA contacts are made with the N-terminal AAA+ domain, which inserts into the minor groove at a characteristic G-rich sequence, inducing a 35 degrees bend in the duplex and providing directionality to the binding site. Both contact regions also induce substantial unwinding of the DNA. The structure provides insight into the initial step in assembly of a replication origin and recruitment of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase to that origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudier, Martin -- Schuwirth, Barbara S -- Westcott, Sarah L -- Wigley, Dale B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aeropyrum/*chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Replication Origin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. research policy. Med schools add labs despite budget crunch (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1309-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/trends ; Facility Design and Construction/*economics ; Financing, Government/trends ; Health Policy/trends ; Laboratories/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/trends ; Schools, Medical/*economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical research. The endangered lab chimp (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mechanism of two classes of cancer mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: Many human cancers involve up-regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3Kalpha, with oncogenic mutations identified in both the p110alpha catalytic and the p85alpha regulatory subunits. We used crystallographic and biochemical approaches to gain insight into activating mutations in two noncatalytic p110alpha domains-the adaptor-binding and the helical domains. A structure of the adaptor-binding domain of p110alpha in a complex with the p85alpha inter-Src homology 2 (inter-SH2) domain shows that oncogenic mutations in the adaptor-binding domain are not at the inter-SH2 interface but in a polar surface patch that is a plausible docking site for other domains in the holo p110/p85 complex. We also examined helical domain mutations and found that the Glu545 to Lys545 (E545K) oncogenic mutant disrupts an inhibitory charge-charge interaction with the p85 N-terminal SH2 domain. These studies extend our understanding of the architecture of PI3Ks and provide insight into how two classes of mutations that cause a gain in function can lead to cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miled, Nabil -- Yan, Ying -- Hon, Wai-Ching -- Perisic, Olga -- Zvelebil, Marketa -- Inbar, Yuval -- Schneidman-Duhovny, Dina -- Wolfson, Haim J -- Backer, Jonathan M -- Williams, Roger L -- GM55692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U105184308/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Catalytic Domain ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; src Homology Domains
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    Scientific workforce. U.S. immigration bill would extend warmer welcome to highly skilled (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Engineering/*education ; Foreign Professional Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Science/*education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    AIDS research. Trials of NIH's AIDS vaccine get a yellow light (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- Lester, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; Research Design ; United States
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    Keeping the U.S. a world leader in science (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gentile, James M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Foundations ; Fund Raising ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein composition of catalytically active human telomerase from immortal cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that adds 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats onto the ends of human chromosomes, providing a telomere maintenance mechanism for approximately 90% of human cancers. We have purified human telomerase approximately 10(8)-fold, with the final elution dependent on the enzyme's ability to catalyze nucleotide addition onto a DNA oligonucleotide of telomeric sequence, thereby providing specificity for catalytically active telomerase. Mass spectrometric sequencing of the protein components and molecular size determination indicated an enzyme composition of two molecules each of telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomerase RNA, and dyskerin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Scott B -- Graham, Mark E -- Lovrecz, George O -- Bache, Nicolai -- Robinson, Phillip J -- Reddel, Roger R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1850-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification ; RNA/*chemistry/isolation & purification ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Telomerase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Structural biology. Getting DNA to unwind (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Georgescu, Roxana E -- O'Donnell, Mike -- GM38839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of DNA Replication, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Aeropyrum/*chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Replication Origin ; Sulfolobus solfataricus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Endocrine disrupters. Controversy continues after panel rules on bisphenol A (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Child ; Endocrine Disruptors/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    Cross-cultural research. Pentagon asks academics for help in understanding its enemies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):534-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Behavior ; *Computer Simulation ; *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Humans ; Iraq ; *Military Science ; *Research ; Social Values ; *Sociology ; Terrorism ; United States ; *Warfare
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    Astrobiology. Astrobiology fights for its life (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):318-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Budgets ; *Exobiology/economics/organization & administration ; Financing, Government ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/economics/organization & administration
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    Conflict of interest. Stung by controversy, biomedical groups urge consistent guidelines (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*standards ; *Conflict of Interest/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Industry ; *Guidelines as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics ; Research Personnel/ethics/*standards ; Societies, Scientific ; United States ; Universities/ethics/standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Biochemistry. How some pili pull (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeates, Todd O -- Clubb, Robert T -- R01 AI052217/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. yeates@mbi.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fimbriae Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Tensile Strength
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    Science and the public. Animal extremists get personal (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1856-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Crime/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Great Britain ; *Law Enforcement ; *Research Personnel ; Security Measures ; United States ; *Universities ; Violence
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    Government ethics. Supersized lab draws fire at NIH's environmental institute (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Health ; Expert Testimony ; Laboratories/manpower/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics/*organization & administration ; North Carolina ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; Universities
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    Clinical research. No lifeline for proposed breast cancer prevention trial (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Budgets ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nitriles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Triazoles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Entomology. The case of the empty hives (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):970-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; *Bees/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Climate ; Diet ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Mites ; Pesticides ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Childhood origins of adult resistance to science (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Resistance to certain scientific ideas derives in large part from assumptions and biases that can be demonstrated experimentally in young children and that may persist into adulthood. In particular, both adults and children resist acquiring scientific information that clashes with common-sense intuitions about the physical and psychological domains. Additionally, when learning information from other people, both adults and children are sensitive to the trustworthiness of the source of that information. Resistance to science, then, is particularly exaggerated in societies where nonscientific ideologies have the advantages of being both grounded in common sense and transmitted by trustworthy sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Paul -- Weisberg, Deena Skolnick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Child ; *Culture ; Humans ; Intuition ; Learning ; Neurosciences ; Psychology ; *Science/education ; Trust ; United States
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    Nutrition. Dietary guidelines spark flap over fish consumption (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; *Fishes ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Mercury/toxicity ; *Nutrition Policy ; *Pregnancy ; *Seafood ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; United States Public Health Service
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Network analysis of oncogenic Ras activation in cancer (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-20
    Description: To investigate the unregulated Ras activation associated with cancer, we developed and validated a mathematical model of Ras signaling. The model-based predictions and associated experiments help explain why only one of two classes of activating Ras point mutations with in vitro transformation potential is commonly found in cancers. Model-based analysis of these mutants uncovered a systems-level process that contributes to total Ras activation in cells. This predicted behavior was supported by experimental observations. We also used the model to identify a strategy in which a drug could cause stronger inhibition on the cancerous Ras network than on the wild-type network. This system-level analysis of the oncogenic Ras network provides new insights and potential therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stites, Edward C -- Trampont, Paul C -- Ma, Zhong -- Ravichandran, Kodi S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):463-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research and the Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17947584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Computer Simulation ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Genes, ras ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; *Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodefense. Proposed biosecurity review plan endorses self-regulation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; *Guidelines as Topic ; *Microbiology ; Research/*standards ; *Security Measures ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Histone replacement marks the boundaries of cis-regulatory domains (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Cellular memory is maintained at homeotic genes by cis-regulatory elements whose mechanism of action is unknown. We have examined chromatin at Drosophila homeotic gene clusters by measuring, at high resolution, levels of histone replacement and nucleosome occupancy. Homeotic gene clusters display conspicuous peaks of histone replacement at boundaries of cis-regulatory domains superimposed over broad regions of low replacement. Peaks of histone replacement closely correspond to nuclease-hypersensitive sites, binding sites for Polycomb and trithorax group proteins, and sites of nucleosome depletion. Our results suggest the existence of a continuous process that disrupts nucleosomes and maintains accessibility of cis-regulatory elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mito, Yoshiko -- Henikoff, Jorja G -- Henikoff, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1408-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Insect ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Histones/*metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Protein Binding ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    LeuT-desipramine structure reveals how antidepressants block neurotransmitter reuptake (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Tricyclic antidepressants exert their pharmacological effect-inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-by directly blocking neurotransmitter transporters (SERT, NET, and DAT, respectively) in the presynaptic membrane. The drug-binding site and the mechanism of this inhibition are poorly understood. We determined the crystal structure at 2.9 angstroms of the bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), a homolog of SERT, NET, and DAT, in complex with leucine and the antidepressant desipramine. Desipramine binds at the inner end of the extracellular cavity of the transporter and is held in place by a hairpin loop and by a salt bridge. This binding site is separated from the leucine-binding site by the extracellular gate of the transporter. By directly locking the gate, desipramine prevents conformational changes and blocks substrate transport. Mutagenesis experiments on human SERT and DAT indicate that both the desipramine-binding site and its inhibition mechanism are probably conserved in the human neurotransmitter transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zheng -- Zhen, Juan -- Karpowich, Nathan K -- Goetz, Regina M -- Law, Christopher J -- Reith, Maarten E A -- Wang, Da-Neng -- DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK060841/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1390-3. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desipramine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Dopamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Leucine/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/chemistry/metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Serotonin/chemistry/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
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    What the scientific community can do (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bienen, Henry S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Employment ; Federal Government ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Stabilizing isopeptide bonds revealed in gram-positive bacterial pilus structure (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: Many bacterial pathogens have long, slender pili through which they adhere to host cells. The crystal structure of the major pilin subunit from the Gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes at 2.2 angstroms resolution reveals an extended structure comprising two all-beta domains. The molecules associate in columns through the crystal, with each carboxyl terminus adjacent to a conserved lysine of the next molecule. This lysine forms the isopeptide bonds that link the subunits in native pili, validating the relevance of the crystal assembly. Each subunit contains two lysine-asparagine isopeptide bonds generated by an intramolecular reaction, and we find evidence for similar isopeptide bonds in other cell surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria. The present structure explains the strength and stability of such Gram-positive pili and could facilitate vaccine development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Hae Joo -- Coulibaly, Fasseli -- Clow, Fiona -- Proft, Thomas -- Baker, Edward N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Asparagine/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fimbriae Proteins/*chemistry ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lysine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure
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    Demethylation of H3K27 regulates polycomb recruitment and H2A ubiquitination (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is a posttranslational modification that is highly correlated with genomic silencing. Here we show that human UTX, a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins, is a di- and trimethyl H3K27 demethylase. UTX occupies the promoters of HOX gene clusters and regulates their transcriptional output by modulating the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 and the monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Moreover, UTX associates with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 2/3 complexes, and during retinoic acid signaling events, the recruitment of the UTX complex to HOX genes results in H3K27 demethylation and a concomitant methylation of H3K4. Our results suggest a concerted mechanism for transcriptional activation in which cycles of H3K4 methylation by MLL2/3 are linked with the demethylation of H3K27 through UTX.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Min Gyu -- Villa, Raffaella -- Trojer, Patrick -- Norman, Jessica -- Yan, Kai-Ping -- Reinberg, Danny -- Di Croce, Luciano -- Shiekhattar, Ramin -- R01CA090758/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):447-50. Epub 2007 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Histone Demethylases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Multigene Family ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Ocean policy. Panel urges environmental controls on offshore aquaculture (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):175.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Animals ; *Aquaculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fishes ; Government Regulation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 99
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    A membrane receptor for retinol binding protein mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Vitamin A has diverse biological functions. It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood. We identified in bovine retinal pigment epithelium cells STRA6, a multitransmembrane domain protein, as a specific membrane receptor for RBP. STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex. It is widely expressed in embryonic development and in adult organ systems. The RBP receptor represents a major physiological mediator of cellular vitamin A uptake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, Riki -- Yu, Jiamei -- Honda, Jane -- Hu, Jane -- Whitelegge, Julian -- Ping, Peipei -- Wiita, Patrick -- Bok, Dean -- Sun, Hui -- 5T32EY07026/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):820-5. Epub 2007 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blood-Retinal Barrier ; COS Cells ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Embryonic Development ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Retinal Vessels/metabolism ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Spleen/metabolism ; Transfection ; Vitamin A/*metabolism
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    Biomedical policy. New autism law focuses on patients, environment (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Biomedical Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Budgets ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)/economics ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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