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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
  • Geodesy
  • 2005-2009  (131)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2006  (131)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2005-2009  (131)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    Reassessment of source parameters for three major earthquakes in the East African rift system from historical seismograms and bulletins (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Source parameters for three majo earthquakes in the East African rift are re-computed from historical seismograms and bulletins. The main shock and the largest foreshock of the August 25, 1906 earthquake sequence in the main Ethiopian rift are re-located on the eastern shoulder of the rift segment.The magnitude of the main shock is estimated to be 6.5 (Mw) from spectral analysis. The December 13, 1910 earthquake in the Rukwa rift (Western Tanzania) indicated a significant strike-slip component from teleseismcs body-waveform inversion for fault mechanism and seismic moment. The January 6, 1928 earthquake in the Gregory rift (Kenya) showed a multiple rupture process and unusually long duration for a size of 6.6(Mw). The May 20, 1990 earthquake in Southern Sudan, mentioned merely for the sake of comparison, is the largest of all instrumentally recorded events in the East African rift system. Despite the fact that the mode of deformation in the continental rift is predominantly of extensional nature, the three largest earthquakes known to occur in the circum-Tanzanian craton have shallow focal depths and significant strike-slip component in their fault mechanisms. This and similar works will enrich the database for seismic hazard assessment in East Africa.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: East African rift system ; fault mechenism ; seismic hazard ; source parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The 14 August 1708 Manosque, France earthquake: new constraintson the damage area from in-depth historical studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: In this paper, we re-evaluate the damage area of the 14 August 1708 Manosque earthquake, Southeast France. It is the strongest event (Io = VIII MSK) of a seismic sequence that lasted from March to October 1708. We show that the spatial repartition of the damage that can be proposed based on the existing sources, is clearly biased by the abundant narrative information concerning Manosque. This sparseness in the information can be attributed to differences in communication routes or strategies between the different localities, and affects the global perception of the event, especially in the rural area. To tackle this bias, we propose to inventory the building repairs reported in non-narrative sources in order to capture the effects of the Manosque earthquake in the surrounding region. The debates and accounts (between mid-1708 and 1710) show that moderate to heavy repairs consistently affect localities in the epicentral area, covering a region of at least 12 km radius around Manosque. These building repairs, indirectly attesting to earthquake damage, provide valuable and complementary information, which resulted in a better knowledge of this event. In particular, we propose new intensity estimates (I 〉VI) at six localities.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; non-narrativesources ; damage area ; building repairs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Damage scenario of the earthquake on 23 July 1930 in Melfi: the contribution of technical documentation (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: As regards the 1930 Irpinia earthquake a detailed research both on the institutional response to the seismic event in Vulture area and reconstruction of the damage scenario for the town of Melfi has been performed. This study was carried out by an analysis of coeval dossiers drawn up by the Special Office of Civil Engineers, which was set up after the earthquake. The research brought to light the typologies and the modalities of the institutional actions taken during the post-seismic period. In general, these territorial interventions had a notable effect on urban systems, especially those involving both the partial shifting of urban areas and the construction of earthquake-proof buildings. The research also identified the damage pattern in Melfi by a deeper study on about 2400 archive files. A preliminary analysis of the damage pattern indicates probable seismic amplification phenomena due to the lithological and geomorphological features of the site. Moreover, the analysis of time-dependent activities of reconstruction has shown that almost all the buildings of the town (90%) were repaired or reconstructed within five years after the seismic disaster.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; damage scenario ; 1930 Irpinia earthquake ; seismic amplification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Evidence of historical seismicity and volcanism in the Armenian Highland (from Armenian and other sources) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; volcanism ; catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Numerical simulation of pyroclastic density currents on Campi Flegrei topography: a tool for statistical hazard estimation. (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We describe a numerical simulation of both concentrated and dilute gravity-driven pyroclastic flows on a digital topographic model of the Campi Flegrei volcanic field. Families of numerical flows are generated by sampling a multi-dimensional matrix of vent coordinates, flow properties and dynamical parameters within a wide range of values. Hazard maps are constructed from the data base of simulated flows, using a mixed deterministic^statistical approach. The set of probable vents covers the area of recent eruptions. Results show the key role of topography in controlling the flow dispersion. The maximum hazard appears to be the NE sector of the caldera. Flows in the eastern sector, including the city of Naples, are shown to be efficiently hindered by the Posillipo and Camaldoli hills at the caldera borders, thus reducing the hazard. The results represent the first physically based estimate of hazard from pyroclastic flows in this densely populated area, and can be used for civil defence purposes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-14
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Campi flegrei ; calderas ; pyroclastic flows ; hazard maps ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Bayesian inversion of 1994-1998 vertical displacements at Mt Etna: evidence for magma intrusion (2006)
    Blackwell publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have developed a Bayesian method for the inversion of static ground deformations at volcanic areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 935-946
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Bayesian inversion ; deformation ; Geodesy ; magma ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    INGV final report of the project: Large earthquake faulting and implications for the Seismic Hazard Assessment in Europe: the Izmit-Duzce earthquake sequence of August-November 1999 (Turkey, Mw 7.4, 7.1) (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: EC Project EVG1-CT-2002-00069 RELIEF Project Partner 2: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, ITALY
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: open
    Keywords: North Anatolian Fault ; Earthquake faulting ; Seismic Hazard Assessment ; Turkey ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 8
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    Analyses of the stress field in southeastern France from earthquake focal mechanisms (2006)
    Blackwell Editor
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Due to the apparent deformation field heterogeneity, the stress regimes around the Provence block, from the fronts of the Massif Central and Alpine range up to the Ligurian Sea, were not well defined. To improve the understanding of the SE France stress field, we determine new earthquake focal mechanisms and we compute the present-day stress states by inversion of the 89 available focal mechanisms around the Provence domain, including the 17 new ones calculated in the current study. This study provides evidence of 6 different deformation domains around the Provence block with different tectonic regimes. On a regional scale, we identify three zones characterised by significantly different stress regimes: a western one affected by an extensional stress (normal faulting) regime, a southeastern one characterised by a compressional stress (reverse to strike-slip faulting) regime with NNW- to WNW-trending σ1 and a northeastern one, i.e., the Digne nappe front, marked by an NE-trending compression. Note that the Digne nappe back domain is controlled by an extensional regime that is deforming the western alpine core. This extensional regime could be a response to buoyancy forces related to the Alpine high topography. The stress regimes in the southeast of the Argentera Massif and around the Durance fault are consistent with a coherent NNW-trending σ1 that implies a left-lateral component of the active reverse oblique-slip of the Moyenne Durance Fault. In the Rhone Valley, an E-trending extension characterises the tectonic regime that implies a normal component of the present-day Nîmes fault displacement. This study provides evidence for short-scale variation of the stress states that reflect abrupt change in the boundary force influences on upper crustal fragments (blocks). These spatial stress changes around the Provence block result from the coeval influence of forces applied at both its extremities, i.e., in the north-east, the Alpine front push and in the southeast, the northward African plate drift. Besides these boundary forces, the influence of the mantle plume under the Massif Central can be superimposed along the western block boundary.
    Description: Published
    Description: 336-348
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Southeastern France ; focal mechanisms ; seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Management of Historical Seismic Data Using GIS: The Island of Ischia (Southern Italy) (2006)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in managing information on the effects of earthquakes in historical times on the island of Ischia. The unpublished sources on the Casamicciola earthquake of 28 July 1883 and the extensive bibliography documenting the island’s seismicity from 1228 showed the need to proceed towards a type of data storage that would also allow management of the same data. Application of GIS techniques allowed us to insert, extract, handle, manage and analyse the data for the zoning of seismic damage on the island of Ischia. The end-product consists of information layers, such as maps of isoseismals, the damage, and hazard involved, as well as numerical tables associated to maps. The study was developed using GIS Arc-View 3.2 software (ESRI) and is structured in thematic vectorial levels and rasters. The overlapping themes constitute a cartographic data base of the island. The damaged sites are located on a map at a scale of 1:10,000, with all the information on the 1883 earthquake (total number of houses, number of collapsed houses, collapsed or damaged rooms, photographs, plans of buildings, etc.) being associated to each site. The GIS is structured in such a way as to be able to be integrated with further georeferenced data and with other databases. It is thus able to provide support both for in-depth analyses of the dynamic processes on the island and extend the assessment to other natural risks (volcanic, landslides, flooding, etc.).
    Description: Published
    Description: 379–393
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; GIS ; seismic hazard ; island of Ischia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Analysis of historical and present earthquakes at Vesuvius for seismic hazard evaluation (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Introduction At Vesuvius about 600,000 people live on the volcano and the risk associated to a large eruption is very high, but its complete evaluation includes also the potential damage due to earthquakes accompanying eruptions. Moreover low-moderate energy earthquakes are also observed in volcanic active areas during quiescent periods. Generally such events are shallow and produce high intensities in the epicentral area. Today at Vesuvius the high housing density and economic value exposed make the area of considerable importance for mitigating seismic risk. To evaluate the effects of the earthquakes at Vesuvius, data are required on the location, source mechanism and damage levels of historical earthquakes, in addition to understanding how Vesuvius works. A damage map of the maximum earthquake recorded is proposed.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 11
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    The 5 April 2003 vulcanian explosion at Stromboli volcano (Southern Italy): analysis of seismic data. (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an erup- tive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives informations about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-long-period signal, that we intepret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal, marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco. In conclusion we propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceeding such events.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: open
    Keywords: stromboli ; vulcanian explosion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 12
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    The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The historical sources of large and moderate earthquakes, earthquake catalogues and monographs exist in many depositories in Syria and European centers. They have been studied, and the detailed review and analysis resulted in a catalogue with 181 historical earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Numerous original documents in Arabic, Latin, Byzantine and Assyrian allowed us to identify seismic events not mentioned in previous works. In particular, detailed descriptions of damage in Arabic sources provided quantitative information necessary to re-evaluate past seismic events. These large earthquakes (I0〉VIII) caused considerable damage in cities, towns and villages located along the northern section of the Dead Sea fault system. Fewer large events also occurred along the Palmyra, Ar-Rassafeh and the Euphrates faults in Eastern Syria. Descriptions in original sources document foreshocks, aftershocks, fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, fires and other damages. We present here an updated historical catalogue of 181 historical earthquakes distributed in 4 categories regarding the originality and other considerations, we also present a table of the parametric catalogue of 36 historical earthquakes (table I) and a table of the complete list of all historical earthquakes (181 events) with the affected locality names and parameters of information quality and completeness (table II) using methods already applied in other regions (Italy, England, Iran, Russia) with a completeness test using EMS-92. This test suggests that the catalogue is relatively complete for magnitudes 〉6.5. This catalogue may contribute to a comprehensive and unified parametric earthquake catalogue and to a realistic assessment of seismic hazards in Syria and surrounding regions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; historical sources ; seismic hazards ; Dead Sea fault system ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Lebanon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Strong earthquakes included «by chance» in Italian catalogues: single cases or a hint of more? (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In principle, a few of the strong earthquakes (I0 〉= 8/9, M 〉= 5.8) that affected Italy in the past may still be missing from parametric catalogues or be listed there as lesser events, their actual strength unrealized. This seems a reasonable enough inference, given that some strong earthquakes were listed by catalogues quite by chance, from information drawn, mainly or even solely, from a single source. Had this source been destroyed before catalogue compilers were able to consider it, or had they for any reason overlooked it, the earthquake it recorded could also have been missed or underestimated. This paper examines the two most peculiar Italian cases of «single- source earthquakes» (1561 «Vallo di Diano?»; 1639 «Amatrice?»). Is all relevant information on each event really tied up in a single source? And if so, why? Finally, are these cases unique or do they share any common features that could, by occurring elsewhere, act as markers for situations where forgotten earthquakes could still lurk undetected?
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue completeness ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Materials for the investigation of The Seismicity Of Algeria And Adjacent Regions during the twentieth century (2006)
    Editrice Compositori
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Dr. Benouar presents a full and integrated study of the recent seismicity of Algeria and adjacent regions during the twentieth century. He has amassed an impressive amount of macroseismic information pertaining to individual earthquakes, which he combines with instrumental information to reassess the origin parameters of each event. In any compilation of earthquakes it is the additional information beyond the bare accumulation of figures and facts that adds interest and social understanding to the scientific appreciation of the earthquakes themselves. For this it is necessary to know the local conditions, and Dr. Benouar brings out for us very vivid1y the differences between reporting procedures at different times this century, and the ensuing difficulties. It would be most difficult for an outsider to gather the information he presents, and he makes good use of his knowledge of his native land, as well as his professional training as an engineer. We thus learn of the reluctance of the colonial powers to report on damage or casualties outside those inflicted on the expatriate community, and the general difficulties of finding information about earthquakes that occurred during the wars of independence, at a time when effects of even major earthquakes were sometimes minor compared to those of the war itself. He also does not spare us details of political difficulties that arose during periods of reconstruction following recent earthquakes. This work is not restricted, however, to description. He examines the underlying tectonics of the area and deduces estimates of hazard and risk in various parts of the country. He then proceeds to examine the engineering consequences and discuss future needs for building codes and civil protection. Dr. Benouar has produced a work which could well form a model for those wishing to undertake comprelzensive studies of seismicity of other areas, and the measures needed to reduce the effects of catastrophic earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; Algeria ; 20th century ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 15
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    A short note on some Arabic inscriptions recording seismic effects in the Mediterranean area 472 H./1079 A.D. - 703 H./1303-1304 A.D. (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The research was carried out withiin the framework of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica projects aimed at investigating Mediterranean seismicity from 11th to 15th century. The screening of the epigraphical texts was performed on 8000 inscriptions of the Arab Mediterranean area. The scant amount of inscriptions directly relating to seismic events, 5 in alI, is due to the nature of the epigraphic genre itself: almost invariably, the commemorative texts in the inscriptions do not yield more precise information on seismic events, even recording collapses or restorations. In a further phase of research and anaIysis such information wilI be correlated with that contained in other written sources. The earthquakes explicitly mentioned in the inscriptions examined here are already known through other sources, but this speciaI evidence more accurately pinpoints destructive effects on both specific sites and particular buildings.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Arabic inscriptions ; Syria ; Egypt ; Spain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Exploring the potentiaI of seismologicaI compilations: J. Schorn (1902) and the seismicity of Tyrol (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismological compilations of the past two centuries have represented one of the main sources of supporting data for the compilers of current parametric earthquake catalogues, On the one hand, their quality and reliability was proved as varied and, in many cases, fairly low; on the other hand, it is not clear whether all the earthquake records they supply have been exploited to become part of the present knowledge of the historical seismicity of some European countries. This paper analyses one of these compilations, Die Erdbeben von Tirol und Vorarlberg, published in 1902 by J. Schorn, which covers an area today shared among Austria, Switzerland and Italy, with the aim of checking its reliability and its usefulness towards a revision of the knowledge on the seismicity of historical "Tyrol".
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Tyrol ; seismological compilations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    From historical earthquake records to intensity value: some results of a study (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The use of historical records to assess macroseismic intensity involves problems seldom evidenced. This paper deals with the problems connected with the use of macroseismic scales, with particular attention to MSK 81 and the EMS 92, in the case of two Italian localities (Fabriano in the Marche region and Orciano in North- Western Tuscany) damaged by two earthquakes (1741. April 24 and 1846, August 14) which have a good historical documentation. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain the data required by the scales. It follows that intensity estimates are in principle affected by some uncertainties which have been analysed.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fabriani, Orciano (Itaky) ; macroseismic intensity ; macroseismic scale ; historical earthquake records ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Some aspects of historical research on 〈〈over borders〉〉 earthquakes in eighteenth century Europe (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In the framework of the CEC project 〈〈Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe (RHISE),,. the investigation of transfrontier earthquakes has been one of our main tasks. Using a number of case histories, among many others considered during the project, some of the specific problems encountered during the research 〈〈inside〉〉 the border areas and 〈〈out of the borders〉〉 repositories are presented, with special attention paid to eighteenth century Europe.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; transfrontier earthquake ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    An unknown destructive earthquake in 18th century Sicily (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The current Italian seismic catalogues are generally considered complete, as regards the destructive seismic events which occurred from the 17th century onwards. In fact, research performed using target methodologies still reveal earthquakes of high intensity, not yet known to the seismological tradition. This is the case of an earthquake which occurred on 14 September 1780, which caused serious damage and victims in some towns of the Tyrrhenian coast of North-eastern Sicily (I0, = VIII MCS). The information reported in an anonymous printed account was verified in the administrative records; this allowed a reconstruction of a macroseismic outline of great interest, which may make more precise the seismic hazard assessment in an area at high environmental risk due to the presence in Milazzo of an important chemico-industrial complex.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; North-eastern Sicily ; unknown earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The 1448 earthquake in Catalonia. Some effects and local reactions (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The May 1448 earthquake. the last destructive one that took place in Catalonia in the Middle Ages, was known chiefly from several chronistic and narrative medieval sources. To these sources I add new previously unknown data proceeding Eroin documentary archival sources in Barcelona, and other data that up to now have been wrongly considered as a consequence of the weak quake recorded in September 1450. They allow us to locate the epicentre in the Vall&s Oriental, around Llinars, to deny the existence of two almost simultaneous earthquakes, and to extend the range of the earthquake damage. to pinpoint them better and to suppose that the effects of the 1448 earthquake were more important than we had previously thought. All this information leads to several reflections on compulsory critical analysis of historical seismic documentary sources in order for them to be useful to historical seismicity. Finally. by the opposition of the three lands of documentary sources that refer to the damage caused by the earthquake in the township of Mataro. I show how natural catastrophes could be manipulated, and the skill of a society in exploiting them to deal with an adverse situation.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; Catalonia ; mediaeval sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The 1638 earthquakes, migratory phenomena and geolinguistic consequences in Calabria (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Two disastrous earthquakes occurred in Calabria (Southern Italy) in 1638: on March 27th the first one had a destructive damage area on the Tyrrheniail side of Mid-Calabria. the second one hit the east side of the same region on June 9th. In historical times they are the most intensive seismic events in their respective epicentral areas. so that the reconstruction of their effects is very important for the analysis and assessment of seismic risk. They strongly influenced, moreover, the development of the economy and socio-cultural status of many urban communities. A study of these shocks has been carried out and has implied a thorough re-evaluation of the historical sources of information already known and the exploitation of possible new sources. The two macroseismic fields have been reconstructed: in particular that of the second seismic event, the strongest one in its epicentral area. stimulates a thorough revision of the seismotectonics of the Middle-eastern Calabria. Moreover the reconstruction of the historical facts accompanying and following the earthquakes has furnished elements that help to explain observed anomalies in the spatial distribution of Calabrian dialect phenomena.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Calabria ; historical seismology ; Migration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: When the great 1693 earthquake occurred, Sicily was a viceroyalty of Spain. In order to find primary and direct sources, the Archivo General de Simancas has to be investigated. Due to the lack of extensive and adequate catalogues it is difficult search amongst the millions of documents filed there. The author located among numerous bundles of papers of different Sections. a total of 238 manuscripts (with 850 pages) and 4 printed edicts related to the 1693 earthquake. All the gathered information offers good prospects of true knowledge on many aspects related to the seismic catastrophe: perception area. number of victims, ruin of towns, list of aftershocks. reconstruction. health and public order problems, and all those problems that surround a great historic earthquake (economic, political, social and religious).
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Sicily ; Spanish sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The medieval earthquakes of the Armenian Plateau and the historic towns of Ayrarat and Shirak (Dvin, Ani, Erevan) (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The ancient Armenian capitals have been struck by particularly violent earthquakes throughout the ages. Their prestigious and original monuments have been destroyed and reconstructed many times. The author examines in particular the situation of the monumental complex of Dvin, which has been subjected to a thorough and extensive campaign of archaeological excavations over the last twenty years or so, and that of Garni. struck by a violent earthquake in the 17th century. It was during this quake that the ancient temple of Garni was ruined; it was completely reconstructed in the present century. The author notes that some architectural techniques adopted in Armenian churches may be interpreted as antiseismic measures. They were developed in an environment in which the frequent experience of seismic damage could have offered numerous empirical observations on which they could be based.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Armenia ; historical seismology ; ancien architecture ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The seismic history of Italy in the Hebrew sources (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Over more than two thousands years the Italian Jews have produced an impressive quantity of documentary materials. To spot the data of the seismical events. therefore, has not been easy, and the results can still be supplemented, though the research has been carried out on a quite large and rich material both manuscript and printed in the Hebrew language. The crop was large and interesting, since documents about eleven different earthquakes in Italy have been found. They are texts of various kinds. sornetilnes just short notes, but very often long liturgical poems or whole writings. through which the Jewish minority traces its own historical memory and its own understanding of these exceptional tragic events. From the Middle Ages till the first half of the XIX century. Italian literature in the Hebrew language records the earthquakes of Ancona (1279), Norcia (1328). Ravenna (1468). Ferrara 11570). Lugo (1688), Ancona (1690), Mantua (1693), Leghorn (1742), Lugo (1781). Siena (1798) and Alessandria (1829). Naturally. in the towns that had a major Jewish community the data are richer and give more detailed inforn~ation:th is is the case, for instance, of the earthquake of Ferrara, in the second half of the fifteenth century. Here Azaryah de' Rossi gives us not only a vivid account of the reactions of his fellow Jews, but also the fullest and most organic essay on the causes and the meaning of the earthquakes. We also possess a remarkable abundance of Hebrew sources on the earthquake that struck Leghon~ in January 1742: among other very interesting documents. there is also a true daily diary, in which the strength and the nature of the shakes are recorded, during the quite long period the earthquake lasted, that is till the end of March of the same year.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Italy ; Hebrew sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    A large unknown historical earthquake in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy): combination of geological and historical data (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The combination of paleoseismological and historical investigation can be used to obtain a complete knowledge of past earthquakes. In Italy the 1000 year-long record of historical earthquakes provides an opportunity to compare data from the catalogue with results from paleoseismologic investigations. Trenching results along the Ovindoli-Pezza Fault (OPF). in the Abruzzi region. showed two surface faulting events. The most recent of these events occurred after 1019 A.D. and should be reported in the Catalogue of Italian Seismicity. Nevertheless, the earthquake appears to be missed or not well located in the Catalogue. In order to define in which century a large earthquake on the OPF should have clearly left a sign in the historical record, we carried out historical investigations back to the XI century. The studies were mainly focu5ed on disclosing possible 〈〈negative〉〉 e vidence for the occurrence of the most recent event along the OPF. No clear records related to this event were found but on the basis of the information we obtained the occurrence of this earthquake can be constrained between 1019 A.D. and the XV century. possibly between 1019 A.D. and XIII century.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Central Apennines ; active faults ; paleoseismicity ; historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Australia: historical earthquake studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Historical studies of earthquakes in Australia using information dating back to 1788 have been comprehensive, if not exhaustive. Newspapers have been the main source of historical earthquake studies. A brief review is given here with an introduction to the pre-European aboriginal dreamtime information. Some of the anecdotal information of the last two centuries has been compiled as isoseismal maps. Relationships between isoseismal radii and magnitude have been established using post-instrumental data allowing magnitudes to be assigned to the pre-instrumental data, which can then be incorporated into the national earthquake database. The studies have contributed to hazard analyses for the building codes and stimulated research into microzonation and paleo-seismology.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; Australia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Assessing the completeness of Italian historical earthquake data (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The assessment of the completeness of historical earthquake data (such as, for instance, parametric earthquake catalogues) has usually been approached in seismology - and mainly in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA) - by means of statistical procedures. Such procedures look «inside» the data set under investigation and compare it to seismicity models, which often require more or less explicitly that seismicity is stationary. They usually end up determining times (Ti), from which on the data set is considered as complete above a given magnitude (Mi); the part of the data set before Ti is considered as incomplete and, for that reason, not suitable for statistical analysis. As a consequence, significant portions of historical data sets are not used for PSHA. Dealing with historical data sets - which are incomplete by nature, although this does not mean that they are of low value - it seems more appropriate to estimate «how much incomplete» the data sets can be and to use them together with such estimates. In other words, it seems more appropriate to assess the completeness looking «outside » the data sets; that is, investigating the way historical records have been produced, preserved and retrieved. This paper presents the results of investigation carried out in Italy, according to historical methods. First, the completeness of eighteen site seismic histories has been investigated; then, from those results, the completeness of areal portions of the catalogue has been assessed and compared with similar results obtained by statistical methods. Finally, the impact of these results on PSHA is described.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: completeness ; historical earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Status of historical seismology in Japan (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Japan's combination of high seismicity and a long history has produced copious written records of historical earthquakes. Systematic collection and investigation of such historical documents began late in the 19th century. Now, almost all of Japan's known historical materials on earthquakes have been transcribed into 25 printed volumes. The collections include records of about 400 destructive earthquakes from A.D. 599 to 1872. Epicentral coordinates and magnitudes have been estimated for about half these events and details of earthquake and tsunami disasters have been summarized in catalogues. The space-time pattern of great Tokai and Nankai earthquakes is a good example of revealed earthquake history. The existing collections of historical sources, however, contain low-quality records that produce errors and fictitious (fake) earthquakes, and are difficult of full utilization because of volumes. Moreover, there are peculiar problems to Japan's historical times such as calendar and time of day. Systematic ways of estimating seismic intensities, epicenters, focal depths and magnitudes have not yet been established. Therefore, historical earthquake catalogues are yet incomplete. Constructing a reliable database of the whole historical documents in collaboration with historians to give wide-ranging researchers easy and full utilization of old earthquake records is urgent task. Revision of earthquake catalogues and construction of a seismic intensity database with international standard are also necessary.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; historicaldocuments ; earthquake catalogue ; database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Detection of Kuril subduction-zoneearthquakes from remote historic recordsin Honshu, Japan, between 1656 and 1867 (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Earthquakes before A.D. 1800 along the Southern Kuril trench, although before the start of written history on nearby islands, probably account for some of the earthquakes noted by local records in Honshu, hundreds of kilometers to the southwest. Earthquake historians have identified about 4800 felt earthquakes in Edo (present Tokyo) and about 3000 felt reports in selected local government records in Tohoku, northern Honshu, for the years A.D. 1656-1867. On the average, 19 earthquakes per year were felt in Edo. Of the Tohoku records, 361 (an average nearly 2 per year) were felt at multiple Tohoku locations; 95 of these (0.4 per year) were also felt in Edo. Since 1926, Tokyo has had a yearly average of 15 felt earthquakes with seismic intensity 2 or more on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale (corresponding to III or more on Modified Mercalli scale). For Tohoku the average annual frequency is about 4. Among them, an average of 0.6 events per year also reached intensity 2 in Tokyo. About one quarter of these events occurred in the southern Kuril trench. If the seismicity is temporally constant, about 80 of the earthquakes recorded in 1656-1867 probably had a Kuril origin.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; seismic intensity ; seismicity ; Kuril subduction zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    California earthquake history (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper presents an overview of the advancement in our knowledge of California's earthquake history since ~ 1800, and especially during the last 30 years. We first review the basic statewide research on earthquake occurrences that was published from 1928 through 2002, to show how the current catalogs and their levels of completeness have evolved with time. Then we review some of the significant new results in specific regions of California, and some of what remains to be done. Since 1850, 167 potentially damaging earthquakes of M ~ 6 or larger have been identified in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of 1.1 such events per year. Table I lists the earthquakes of M ~ 6 to 6.5 that were also destructive since 1812 in California and its border regions, indicating an average rate of one such event every ~ 5 years. Many of these occurred before 1932 when epicenters and magnitudes started to be determined routinely using seismographs in California. The number of these early earthquakes is probably incomplete in sparsely populated remote parts of California before ~ 1870. For example, 6 of the 7 pre-1873 events in table I are of M = 7, suggesting that other earthquakes of M 6.5 to 6.9 occurred but were not properly identified, or were not destructive. The epicenters and magnitudes (M) of the pre-instrumental earthquakes were determined from isoseismal maps that were based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity of shaking (MMI) at the communities that reported feeling the earthquakes. The epicenters were estimated to be in the regions of most intense shaking, and values of M were estimated from the extent of the areas shaken at various MMI levels. MMI VII or greater shaking is the threshold of damage to weak buildings. Certain areas in the regions of Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Eureka were each shaken repeatedly at MMI VII or greater at least six times since ~ 1812, as depicted by Toppozada and Branum (2002, fig. 19).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    19th century earthquakes in Mexico: three cases, three comparative studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper is a comparative study of the three strongest 19th century earthquakes in Mexico and their effects and impact mainly in Mexico City. The research is based on historical sources and previous investigations already published for two of the seismic events (8 March 1800 and 19 June 1858), with newly retrieved and analysed data for the 7 April 1845 earthquake. Primary and secondary sources include reports on damage to city buildings, streets and neighbourhoods and allowed a detailed analysis of the national and local effects, impacts and responses to each of the three earthquakes, whose comparison allows a better understanding of specific aspects related to the investigation of historical earthquakes in Mexico.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; Mexico City ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazardin the Holy Land (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: For the past two millennia the Holy Land was under the yoke of successive invaders and oppressors, not a fertile ground for growth of historiographic traditions. Consequently, earthquake cataloguers had to rely largely on chronicles and texts written at distant administrative and cultural centers of the day, where earthquake destruction suffered by a culturally and economically depressed province may have been overshadowed by damage in more important parts of the empire. On this assumption, and aided by an implicit notion that the lands bounded by the Dead Sea Rift and Anatolian Fault systems are seismically contiguous, early cataloguers often extended the impact of earthquakes documented in nearby East Mediterranean countries to the Holy Land. Once published, such reports of supposed destructive intensities in Israel were used by Judaic scholars and archaeologists to date poorly defined, often metaphoric, literary seismic echoes, and to justify assigning seismic origin to equivocal signs of damage, asymmetry, or abandonment at archaeological sites of corresponding age. The spread of damage and intensity portraits are therefore enhanced and distorted, and so is their application in palaeoseismic analysis. Four test cases are presented, illustrating the use and misuse of local Judaic sources in identifying destructive intensities supposedly generated in the Holy Land by earthquakes of 92 B.C., 64 B.C. and 31 B.C., and in postulating a regional seismic catastrophe in 749 A.D..
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; paleoseismology ; Dead Sea Rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The 12th century seismic paroxysmin the Middle East: a historical perspective (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Dead Sea Fault and its junction with the southern segment of the East Anatolian fault zone, despite their high tectonic activity have been relatively quiescent in the last two centuries. Historical evidence, however, shows that in the 12th century these faults ruptured producing the large earthquakes of 1114, 1138, 1157 and 1170. This paroxysm occurred during one of the best-documented periods for which we have both Occidental and Arab chronicles, and shows that the activity of the 20th century, which is low, is definitely not a reliable guide to the activity over a longer period. The article is written for this Workshop Proceedings with the archaeoseismologist, and in particular with the seismophile historian in mind. It aims primarily at putting on record what is known about the seismicity of the region in the 12th century, describe the problems associated with the interpretation of macroseismic data, their limitations and misuse, and assess their completeness, rather than answer in detail questions regarding the tectonics and seismic hazard of the region, which will be dealt with elsewhere on a regional basis.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Middle East ; 12th century ; historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Revision of the 1844 Palestrina earthquake following the recovery of an unpublished document (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The paper presented originates from the recovery of an unpublished document that reports estimated damage in the city of Palestrina (Central Italy) following the 1844 earthquake. This document is not quoted in the sources and repertoires concerning earthquakes in the Palestrina area, and it has probably never before been used in studies for seismic hazard evaluation. Analysis of the document has allowed us to state the distribution and severity of damage due to the seismic event, assessing an intensity of VII MCS for Palestrina. Comparison with other coeval documents evidenced a possible lack of information with respect to the dwellings of the less well-to-do population, granting the hypothesis of a more serious damage level. The distribution of effects within the town centre of Palestrina has been compared with the surficial geology, evidencing a strong dependence of the seismic response on the local geomorphology. Such results are also confirmed by a similar damage pattern following the 1876 earthquake, and allow us to outline a realistic view of Palestrina's seismic vulnerability.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical research ; Palestina ; site effect ; intensity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Earthquakes in Rome during the past one hundred years (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We have studied the seismic response of the city of Rome using the available macroseismic data of local earthquakes which occurred during the past one hundred years. These earthquakes were generated by three dislinct seismogenic sources falling within the present extent of Rome. The comparison with the effect produced in Rome by a large Apennine earthquake (January 13. 1915) suggests that the damage patterns are similar and that they are mainly controlled by the local geology and morphology. The analysis shows that most of the damage was concentrated in buildings located on alluvial deposits of the Tiber River rather than in buildings underlain by different lithologies. In addition, the largest concentration of heavy darnage occurred in buildings located on the alluvial deposits of the right-hand side of the Tiber River valley, and particularly where the buried interface between Holocene and Pliocene deposits is steepest. This close relationship between damage pattern on the one hand, and geology and geometry of the shallowest deposits on the other hand, supports the results of ground motion modeling studies of the same area and similar observations collected in different regions of the world during large earthquakes.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Rome ; seismicity ; historical center ; damage pattern ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The earthquake of 1 January 1837 in Southern Lebanon and N orthern Israel (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: All of our 20th-century information for the Levant Fracture and Dead Sea transform fault systems is for a qui- escent period in the seismicity. This is apparent when we consider earlier events which show that infi.equent earthquakes have occurred in the past along this system, an important consideration for the assessment of haz- ard and tectonics of the Middle East. One of these events was the earthquake of 1837 which caused heavy damage in Northem Israel and Southem Lebanon. This earthquake was a much larger event than earthquake catalogues indicate. We reckon it was a shallow, probably multiple event of magnitude greater than 7.0.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; Middle East ; historical earthquake ; magnitude ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Two strong historicaI earthquakes in Transylvania (Romania): November 19, 1523 and October 3, 1880 (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The investigation into the historical seismicity of Romania evidences the occurrence of two strong earthquakes in Transylvania (central part of Romania) near the localities of Medias (1523) and Tàrnaveni (1880). Historical information on the 1523 earthquake, though poor, shows that it was felt on Saint Elizabeth's Day, which is celebrated on November 19, not on June 19 as proposed by previous studies and catalogues. Historical information on the 1880 earthquake allows a detailed study. The investigation concentrated on time, epicentral location and intensity distribution. The new macroseismic map shows a large area of I = VII (r7 = 20.7 km), the centre of which is proposed as the epicentral location, different from the previous ones.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; Transylvania ; Romania ; macroseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The earthquake of 27thFebrary 1768 in Lower Austria: repair costs and seismic intensity in Wr.Neustadt (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: During the Age of Enlightenment the importance of administration increased. It left its traces in the official inquiries after natural disasters. For financial and other reasons authorities found it important to record the dam- age done to buildings by earthquakes. This background reflects the official inquiries after the damaging earthquake of 27th February I 768 in Lower Austria, which includes an important additional piece of information: a record of the respective damage costs il1 floril1s per house in Wr. Neustadt. In this study an attempt of quantification is made to relate the damage costs to the respective damage class and intensity according to the EMS- 92 scale. The earthquake intensity for Wr. Neustadt as a whole is estimated to be I = VII EMS-92. This result contrasts with older publications, where the intensity VII- VIII or VIII has been assessed.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical earthquake ; intensity estimation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    From Crimea to Syria. Re-defining the alleged historical earthquake of 63 B.C. (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Within the SGA research on the historical seismicity of the Crimean Peninsula (SGA Report, 1990), interest has been focused on the case of the earthquake of 63 B.C. According to regional seismic catalogues as well as to historic and archaeological literature, two late Roman sources. Dio Cassius and Paulus Orosius, allegedly give evidence of an earthquake which happened in the Crimea in this year; the event was linked to the death of Mithridates V1 Eupator, eventually the king of Pontos. Local archaeologists claimed to have found evidence of this event in the excavations of Panticapaeunl (present-day Ker?). In fact. this is the result of a restricted analysis of the written sources. Thence stems a sort of iivulgatan. currently accepted by scholarship, yet not really supported by the evidence. A re-examination of the whole question, including an analysis of all sources avalaible on earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean. showed that in that period no seismic event took place in the Crimea. Dio's and Orosius' accounts are instead concerned with another earthquake, already known for Syria from other sources. This historical case gives a proper methodological example of the problems concerned with the analysis of the evidence in historical seismology. not only of Antiquity, but of almost any premodern period.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Crimea ; Syria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Seismic effects of the strongest historical earthquak in the Syracuse area (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-27
    Description: The effects of earthquakes that occurred in a given area contribute significantly to the evaluation of to local seismic hazard. The information concerning historical earthquakes of the Mediterranean area covers many centuries, but the wealth of information made available by historical seismology does not appear to ha taken into account by engineering seismologists. By adopting "attenuation laws" based on data contained in the seismic catalogues, not only do we sometimes come up against the gross errors normally found jn logues, but we also lose sight of important details relating to the characteristics of urban seismic scenarios this paper we describe the results obtained from the analysis of seismic scenarios in Ortigia (old Syracuse this analysis we emphasized the qualitative and descriptive data to outline the "largest historical eve reassessed the data concerning five earthquakes that occuned in 1169,1542,1693,1757 and 1846, w reported by the Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes with an intensity greater than or equal to IX MCS epicentre of which was located within 50 km of the city. The last two of these earthquakes turned out t result of mistakes in the transmission of the news and have therefore been removed trom the list of de events. In addjtjon, we reconstructed the damage caused by the 1542 and 1693 earthquakes on a ma ancient town of Ortigia, taking into account the economic, demographic, and urbanistic conditions of t The empirical elements supplied to evaluate the local seismic response can also be of use in the preservation of historical buildings.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Eastern Sicily ; Syracuse ; historical earthquake ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Historical cities and earthquakes: Florence during the last nine centuries and evaluations of seismic hazard (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The authors' aim in the following study is to contribute to the assessment of the seismic hazard of historical cities. From this preliminary analysis the general characteristics of the seismicity affecting Florence and the evaluation of its seismic hazard may be deduced. Florence is a 〈〈mythical〉〉 city of world tourism, and its extraordinary artistic value and its ability to be utilized constitute a great economic resource. From this perspective, the authors have tackled some aspects of its urban features (demography and main building types, successive phases in the growth of the city, etc.), aimed at the pooling of information as a basis for further, more specific analyses of seismic risk. The study is based on a review of 131 seismic events of potential interest for the site of Florence from the 12th century. In the case of each of these earthquakes, it was possible to verify the real seismic effects sustained, and thus to assess the seismic intensity on the site. This also enabled the limits in the application of the standard attenuation laws of to be checked. Of all the earthquakes analyzed. those which caused the greatest effects on the urban area have also been identified: namely, the earthquake of 28 September 1453. and those of 18 May and 6 June 1895, both with Io=VIII MCS. From their overall analysis the authors have further extrapolated the necessary data to statistically evaluate the probabilities of any future earthquake occurring, according to intensity classes.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Florence ; historical seismicity ; seismic hazard ; seismic damage ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    The role of instrumental versus macroseismic locations for earthquakes of the last century: a discussion based on the seismicity of the North-Western Apennines (Italy) (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Many seismological observatories began to record and store seismic events in the early years of the twentieth century, contributing to the compilation of very valued databases of both phase pickings and waveforms. However, despite the availability of the instrumental data for some of the events of the last century, an instrumental location for these earthquakes is not always computed; moreover, when available, the macroseismic location is strongly preferred even if the number of points that have been used for it is low or the spatial distribution of the observations is not optimal or homogeneous. In this work I show how I computed an instrumental location for 19 events which occurred in the Garfagnana-Lunigiana region (Northern Tuscany, Italy) beginning from 1902. The location routine is based on a Joint Hypocentral Determination in which, starting from a group of master events, the systematic errors that may affect the data are summed up in the corrective factors complementing the velocity propagation model. All non-systematic errors are carefully checked and possibly discarded by going back to the original data, if necessary. The location is then performed using the classic approach of the inverse problem and solved iteratively. The obtained locations are then compared to those already available from other macroseismic studies with the aim to check the role to be attributed to the instrumental locations. The study shows that in most cases the locations match, in particular when considering the different significance of the location parameters, especially for the strongest events: the instrumental location provides the point where the rupture begins, while the macroseismic one is an estimate of the area where the earthquake possibly took place. This paper is not meant to discuss the importance and the necessity of macroseismic data; instead, the aim is to show that instrumental data can be used to obtain locations even for older seismic events, without any intention to define which location is better or more reliable.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; velocity propagation model ; Joint Hypocentral Determination ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The Kresna earthquake of 1904 in Bulgaria (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Kresna earthquake in 1904 in Bulgaria is one of the largest shallow 20th century events on land in the Balkans. This event, which was preceded by a large foreshock, has hitherto been assigned a range of magnitudes up to M S = 7.8 but the reappraisal of instrumental data yields a much smaller value of M S = 7.2 and a re-assement of the intensity distribution suggests 7.1. Thus both instrumental and macroseismic data appear consistent with a magnitude which is also compatible with the fault segmentation and local morphology of the region which cannot accommodate shallow events much larger than about 7.0. The relatively large size of the main shock suggests surface faulting but the available field evidence is insufficient to establish the dimensions, attitude andamount of dislocation, except perhaps in the vicinity of Krupnik. This downsizing of the Kresna earthquake has important consequences for tectonics and earthquake hazard estimates in the Balkans.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Balkans ; Bulgaria ; seismicity ; magnitude ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The sand grain and the butterfly. Instability in geodesy and geophysics (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The problems of convergence of series in celestial mechanics and of certain series in geodesy (Molodensky's series and spherical harmonics) show similar features, involving a curious instability. This is imaginatively expressed as the « butterfly effect» in chaos theory and the «sand-grain effect» for spherical harmonics. Similarly, the geodetic boundary-value problem (M.S. Molodensky, L. Hormander) and the KAM problem in nonlinear dynamics have a common mathematical structure: a «hard» inverse function problem. Such interrelations are reviewed in the present paper.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geodesy ; geophysics ; gravity field ; instability ; chaos theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Main shock and aftershocks of the December 13, 1990, Eastern Sicily earthquake (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: n this paper we describe the location and the fault plane solution of the December 13, 1990, Eastern Sicily earthquake (ML = 5.4), and of its aftershock sequence. Because the main shock location is not well constrained due to the geometry of the permanent National Seismic Network in this area, we used a "master event" algorithm to locate it in relation to a well located aftershock. The revised location is slightly offshore Eastern Sicily, 4.8 km north of the largest aftershock (ML = 4.6) that occurred on December 16, 1990. The main shock has a strike-slip mechanism, indicating SE-NW compression with either left lateral motion on a NS plane, or right lateral on an EW plane. Two days after the main event we deployed a local network of eight digital stations, that provided accurate locations of the aftershocks, and the estimate of source parameters for the strongest earthquake. We observed an unusual quiescence after the ML = 5.4 event, that lasted until December 16, when a ML = 4.6 earthquake occurred. The fault plane solution of this aftershock shows normal faulting on E-W trending planes. Between December 16 and January 6, 1991, a sequence of at least 300 aftershock" was recorded by the local network. The well located earthquakes define a small source region of approximately 5 x 2 x 5 km3, with hypocentral depths ranging between 15 and 20 km. The paucity of large aftershocks, the time gap between the main shock occurrence and the beginning of the aftershock sequence (3.5 days), their different focal mechanisms (strike-slip vs. normal), and the different stress drop between main shock and after- shock suggest that the ML = 5.4 earthquake is an isolated event. The sequence of aftershocks began with the ML = 4.6 event, which is probably linked to the main shock with a complex mechanism of stress redistribution after the main faulting episode.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; focal mechanisms ; local networks ; Eastern Sicily earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Damage pattern in historical centres: Isernia, an example in Southern Italy (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: As regards the July 26, 1805 earthquake, a detailed study on the damage suffered by the town of Isernia has been carried out. As a first step in our research, we analyzed a manuscript of the time, in which describes damage to public buildings, churches and some notable houses caused by the earthquake. In order to identify such damaged sites, several archival sources and documents from 1816 to 1955 have been examined, on account of the remarkable changes in toponymy which occurred after 1861 and caused by the 1943 bombing. Moreover, due to the lack of cartography of the time, a 1875 map or the town has been used and compared with the land registry maps of a later period. The analysis of the 1805 damage pattern shows that the historical centre of the Isernia town is divided into three areas whose damage level is fairly differem: such areas are respectively located in the southern, central and northern part of the town with an increase in damage from South to North.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: southern Apennines ; Isernia ; historical seismicity ; damage pattern ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The new 〈〈Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes〉〉 (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We describe a new catalogue of strong ltalian earthquakes that the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica in collaboration with SGA, has recently made available to the international scientific community and to the general public. The new catalogue differs from previous efforts in that for each event the usual seismic parameters are complemented by a list of intensity rated localities, a complete list of relevant references, a series of synoptic comments describing different aspects of the earthquake phenomenology. and in most cases even the text of the original written sources. The printed part of the catalogue has been published as a special monograph which contains also a computer version of the full database in the form of a CD-ROM. The software package includes a computer program for retrieving, selecting and displaying the catalogue data.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue ; Italian seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Earthquakes in medieval Sicily. A historical revision (7th-13th century) (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The need to understand the activity of the main seismogenetic structures, to calculate the recurrence periods of major earthquakes and to identify their main epicentral areas, requires wide-ranging research in the field of historical seismology. The present research was conducted in the framework of the projects of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (1991-1995). The presence of different populations and ruling élites, and hence of languages and cultures, has in many cases confused the historical context of the medieval Sicilian sources. However, by going beyond the local sources, and analysing the events in a wider European and Mediterranean context, taking due account of the Byzantine, Latin and Arab sources, it has been possible to identify five seismic events that do not exist in the Italian catalogues or whose dates are very difficult to establish. Six spurious events have been deleted thanks to the revision (659, 785, 796, 963, 1069, 1259); the date of an event has been corrected (1140 into 1125) and five unknown events have been discovered: 853, 1172, 1203-1204, 1255-1256 and 1295-1296. The data on which these findings are based are in many cases dispersed and unused within the many specialised sectors of historical research; in some cases they are unknown even to historians. An example of textual analysis of the sources is also presented to show by what a roundabout route the chronological parameter for the 1125 earthquake was reached. The new events confirm the high seismicity of the eastern area of Sicily; nevertheless, the newly identified series does not seem to show any seismic event comparable to the one that struck the Messina Strait, in 1908 (I0 = XI MCS, M = 7.2): this historical element can provide information regarding the return times of such great event; a hypothesis is formulated by the authors: it will have to be carefully examinated by archaeology research. The criteria used in this research are explained, as well as the problems tackled in accordance with the method for the revision of the historical earthquakes adopted by ING-SGA.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; Sicily ; Messina ; Syracuse ; Trapani ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Early seismicity of the Scottish Borders Region (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper considers the seismicity of Southern Scotland and Northern England up to the year 1750. This area was formerly a border area between two states that eventually became politically united. Much of the area is uplands, and the seismicity is moderate to low. This makes for some problems in studying historical seismicity, yet the area provides a number of case studies of general interest in the field of historical seismology, including a rare case of being able to track down a «missing» earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; British seismicity ; border seismicity ; England ; Scotland ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The CERESIS earthquake catalogue and database of the Andean Region: background, characteristics and examples of use (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The history of earthquakes in South America starts with the coming of the Spanish and Portuguese «conquistadores» at the beginning of the 16th century. Their chronicles, and those of local historians, are the only source of earthquake information for the following 400 years. The creation of the Regional Centre for Seismology for South America (CERESIS) was a major factor for homogenous regional progress, in that CERESIS promoted the implementation of the first unified earthquake catalogue and database for the whole Andean Region. This paper reviews basic information about the intensity database and the focal parameter catalogues proposed by CERESIS in 1985. Further macroseismic data available from the CERESIS database (earthquakes with I0 = 8) are used to obtain preliminary results for the earthquake source parameters of selected South American historical events. The case of the Great Earthquake of the Venezuelan Andes, 29 April 1894, is presented in some detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; CERESIS database ; South America ; intensity data points ; earthquakesource parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    A short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; Libya ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Procedures and toolsused in the investigationof New Zealand's historical earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: New Zealands tectonic setting, astride an obliquely convergent tectonic boundary, means that it has experienced many large earthquakes in its 200-year written historical records. The task of identifying and studying the largest early instrumental and pre-instrumental earthquakes, as well as identifying the smaller events, is being actively pursued in order to reduce gaps in knowledge and to ensure as complete and comprehensive a catalogue as is possible. The task of quantifying historical earthquake locations and magnitudes is made difficult by several factors. These include the range of possible earthquake focal depths, and the sparse, temporally- and spatially-variable historical population distribution which affects the availability of felt intensity information, and hence, the completeness levels of the catalogue. This paper overviews the procedures and tools used in the analysis, parameterisation, and recording of historical New Zealand earthquakes, with examples from recently studied historical events. In particular, the 1855 M 8+ Wairarapa earthquake is discussed, as well as its importance for the eminent 19th century British geologist, Sir Charles Lyell, and for future global understanding of the connection between large earthquakes and sudden uplift, tilting and faulting on a regional scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; historicalearthquake ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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    State-of-the-art of historical earthquake research in Fennoscandia and the Baltic Republics (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-14
    Description: We review historical earthquake research in Northern Europe. 'Historical' is defined as being identical with seismic events occurring in the pre-instrumental and early instrumental periods between 1073 and the mid-1960s. The first seismographs in this region were installed in Uppsala, Sweden and Bergen, Norway in 1904-1905, but these mechanical pendulum instruments were broad band and amplification factors were modest at around 500. Until the 1960s few modern short period electromagnetic seismographs were deployed. Scientific earthquake studies in this region began during the first decades of the 1800s, while the systematic use of macroseismic questionnaires commenced at the end of that century. Basic research efforts have vigorously been pursued from the 1970s onwards because of the mandatory seismic risk studies for commissioning nuclear power plants in Sweden, Finland, NW Russia, Kola and installations of huge oil platforms in the North Sea. The most comprehensive earthquake database currently available for Northern Europe is the FENCAT catalogue covering about six centuries and representing the accumulation of work conducted by many scientists during the last 200 years. This catalogue is given in parametric form, while original macroseismic observations and intensity maps for the largest earthquakes can be found in various national publications, often in local languages. No database giving intensity data points exists in computerized form for the region. The FENCAT catalogue still contains some spurious events of various kinds but more serious are some recent claims that some of the presumed largest historical earthquakes have been assigned too large magnitude values, which would have implications for earthquake hazard levels implemented in national building codes. We discuss future cooperative measures such as establishing macroseismic data archives as a means for promoting further research on historical earthquakes in Northern Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    History of earthquake studies in Russia (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; historical seismicity ; evaluation of completeness and accuracy of knowledgeon seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Earthquakes in India and the Himalaya: tectonics, geodesy and history (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The record of earthquakes in India is patchy prior to 1800 and its improvement is much impeded by its dispersal in a dozen local languages, and several colonial archives. Although geological studies will necessarily complement the historical record, only two earthquakes of the dozens of known historical events have resulted in surface ruptures, and it is likely that geological data in the form of liquefaction features will be needed to extend the historical record beyond the most recent few centuries. Damage from large Himalayan earthquakes recorded in Tibet and in Northern India suggests that earthquakes may attain M = 8.2. Seismic gaps along two-thirds of the Himalaya that have developed in the past five centuries, when combined with geodetic convergence rates of approximately 1.8 m/cy, suggests that one or more M = 8 earthquakes may be overdue. The mechanisms of recent earthquakes in Peninsular India are consistent with stresses induced in the Indian plate flexed by its collision with Tibet. A region of abnormally high seismicity in western India appears to be caused by local convergence across the Rann of Kachchh and possibly other rift zones of India. Since the plate itself deforms little, this deformation may be related to incipient plate fragmentation in Sindh or over a larger region of NW India.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; history ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    State-of-the-art of historical earthquake investigation in Bulgaria (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper deals with non-instrumental seismology development in Bulgaria (the central-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula). The first steps and products of this scientific branch are discussed because they have traced the road of present-day historical seismology in this country. The sources of information on long-term seismicity are critically reviewed. Some recent studies, which contribute to an improvement of the supporting data sets, are also discussed. A special emphasis is laid on the rules adopted to solve different cases as well as on the aspects, by which our understanding of the seismogenesis throughout the present-day Bulgarian lands has been enhanced.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: macroseismology ; bulletins and catalogues ; supporting data set ; site seismic histories ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    A survey of the past earthquakesin the Eastern Adriatic (14th to early 19th century) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Focusing on the Eastern Adriatic region, from Zadar in the north to Corfu in the south, the background information supporting our knowledge of the seismicity in the time-span 14th to early 19th century is discussed from the point of view of the historical earthquake records. The late 19th century seismological compilations turn out to be those responsible for the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity suggested by current parametric earthquake catalogues. This awareness asked for a comprehensive reappraisal of the reliability and completeness of the available historical earthquake records. This task was addressed by retrieving in the original version the information already known, by putting the records in the historical context in which they were produced, and finally by sampling historical sources so far not considered. Selected case histories have been presented in some detail also. This material altogether has shown that i) current parameterisation of past earthquakes in the Eastern Adriatic should be reconsidered in the light of a critically revised interpretation of the available records; ii) collecting new evidence in sources and repositories, not fully exploited so far, is needed. This should aim mostly at overcoming another limitation affecting the evaluation of full sets of earthquake parameters, that is the few observations available for each earthquake. In this perspective, an optimistic assessment of the potential documentation on this area is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; Eastern Adriatic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Catalogues of historical earthquakes in Italy (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The 346 A.D. earthquake( Central-Southern Italy): an archaeoseismological approach (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The 346 A.D. earthquake is known through sparse historical sources. It is mentioned by Hyeronimus as felt in Rome and responsible for damage in the ancient Campania Province. Four epigraphs report the earthquake as the cause for the restorations of buildings at Aesernia-Isernia, Allifae-Alife, Telesia-Telese and Saepinum-Sepino. On this basis, an area possibly struck by the earthquake was already defined in the literature. Another seventeen epigraphs mentioning restoration or re-building of edifices in localities of central-southern Italy (without explicitly referring to the earthquake as the cause of the damage) are possibly related to the earthquake effects. We tried to enhance our knowledge on the 346 earthquake through archaeoseismological analyses. The investigation has benefited from specific fieldwork during archaeological excavations and a critical review of the available archaeological literature. However, a correct archaeoseismological interpretation is hindered by the occurrence of two earthquakes (346 and 375 A.D.) in a short time span and in adjacent areas (whose effects may be archaeo-chronologically undistinguishable) and the not always univocal evidence of the seismic origin of the detected collapses or restoration of structures. For this reason we propose a representation of the 346 A.D. effects through two extreme pictures: 1) the localities for which conclusive data on the earthquake effects are available and 2) the data of point 1 plus the localities for which archaeoseismological data consistent with the earthquake are available. The latter view defines an area of possible damage related to the 346 event larger than that previously known. In particular, the earthquake damage may result from a seismic sequence similar to that, which struck a part of the central and the southern Apennines in 1456, or from an event comparable to that which occurred in 1805, responsible for widespread damage in the northern sector of the southern Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: archaeoseismology ; 346 A.D. earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Geodetic deformations in the Central-Southern Apennines (Italy) from repeated GPS surveys (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We computed the horizontal strain rate field for a sector of tbc Central-Southern Apennines (Italy) from GPS data collected during yearly repeated campaigns performed from 1994 to 2000 on tbc GeoModAp (Geodynamic Modeling of the Apennines) geodetic network. Site velocities were obtained starting from tbc daily coordinates and covariance solutions, using a Kalman filter approach. The residual velocity field with respect to a Eurasian 6xed reference frame shows two different prevalent motion trends, NE-ward for tbc eastern sector of the network and NW-ward for tbc western one. The mean strain rate tensor, obtained from a least square inversion method, shows a signifcant extensional deformation (1.2 x 10 ' strain/yr) normal to tbc Apennine chain, in agreement with seismological and neotectonic data. On the basis of tbc network dimension, of about 250 km, this value gives a well constrained estimate of about 3.0 ± 0.2 mm/yr of the extensional velocity oriented N55E, normal to the chain axis. Our results show a transition of the strain rate field from about N-S compression in tbc Tyrrbenian sfide to about NE-SW extension toward tbc Adriatic, which depicts a more complex deformation pattern.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geodesy ; GPS ; central-southern apennines ; strain rate ; seismotectonic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
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    Historical seismicity of the Faroe Islands (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A study is presented of the historical seismicity of the Faroe Islands, an area of low seismicity where no previous search for historical earthquakes was ever made. This presents a novel problem, since most studies of historical seismicity usually have previous catalogues to use as starting points. In this case the only information available at the start of the study related to a short sequence of small events in 1967 and two newspaper reports from the 1920s-1930s of strange phenomena which could be discounted from being earthquake related. The methodology of researching historical seismicity from scratch is described in detail. The results of the study were that no genuine historical earthquakes were found. However, in the first case, the fact that no events were found indicates that the lack of historical events in the Faroes is real and not just a function of no-one ever having looked for them before. In the second case, a positive statement (from 1906, in connection with a spurious earthquake report) was found that no earthquakes were known ever to have occurred in the Faroes. This means that two types of argument can be adduced: that there is no evidence that there were earthquakes (argument from the negative), and that there is evidence that there weren’t earthquakes (argument from the positive). Taking into consideration the historical and cultural factors, some limits are drawn up for the probable extent to which one can rule out the occurrence of earthquakes of different intensities for different time periods.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; low seismicity areas ; Faroe Island ; data gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Montefeltro seismicity: from Serpieri's seismograph to the RSNC seismograph station (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In recent years, the recovery of some historical documents has permitted us to operate the seismographs used by Alessandro Serpieri (1823-1885) at the Observatory of the University of Urbino in the XIX century. The space-time concept of sensor network was already clear to Serpieri and he tried to apply this concept to the analysis of seismic phenomena in Italy. This paper reviews the history of the Urbino Observatory from Serpieri's age to present times. The historical region of Montefeltro, where Urbino is the main town, is affected by seismicity with typical magnitudes between 2.2 and 2.5. Most of these events occur in the upper 15 km of the crust. The seismicity of the neighbouring regions is mainly concentrated in three zones: Northern Rimini, the Apennine belt and the Sibillini Mountain area. From the overall data, it is possible to infer that there is a basin characterised by microseismicity and essentially dominated by a compressive tectonic regime in the Montefeltro area. Furthermore seismological data seem to show a "quiet" segment, separating the extension area from the compression area, characterised by a low concentration of seismic events.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; Montefeltro ; seismological data ; Urbino observatory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The effects of earthquakes in historical cities: the peculiarity of the Italian case (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Knowledge of the urban seismic scenario raises complex elements for technical and cultural consideration which may improve the analysis of the conservation and restoration of historical buildings and monuments. These elements cover various specialised viewpoints, from historical seismology and the history of architecture and town planning, to engineering and economic and social history. In this paper we have outlined a conceptual framework based on three aspects. First, the definition of seismic disaster which is the result of the interaction between the activity of seismogenetic sources and the characteristics of buildings. The next aspect is the characteristic proper to strong earthquakes as factors of change, sometimes of entire settlements. Thirdly, we have stressed the fact that one must take into consideration the variety of administrative and economic situations in the Italian territory from the fall of the Roman Empire to date as they may have important implications for the analysis of the effects of a large earthquake on the human environment. The demographic impact of earthquakes is historically correlated to the economic condition of the damaged sites. The urbanistic consequences are addressed once the problems concerning the planning of the reconstruction and its accomplishment are solved. Finally, we have tackled the problem of seismic events of a lower destructive level in the art and tourist cities.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical cities ; seismic hazard ; seismic disaster ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    From earthquake intensities to earthquake sources: extending the contribution of historical seismology to seismotectonic studies (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The epicentral locations and magnitudes of the events reported in the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes are obtained from intensity data through a standardized and established algorithm. However, we contend that the dense and homogeneously collected data sets presented in this catalogue can also be used to assess the location, physical dimensions and orientation of the earthquake source on purely historical grounds. The method we describe is of special value for older earthquakes and for all events that fall in areas where the understanding of faulting and tectonics is limited. At the end of the calculations the seismic source is represented as an oriented "rectangle", the length and width of which are obtained from moment magnitude through empirical relationships. This rectangle is meant to represent the actual surface projection of the seismogenic fault or, at least, the projection of the portion of the Earth crust where a given seismic source is likely to be located. Sources derived through this procedure can then be juxtaposed to sources derived from instrumental and geological data for constructing fault segmentation and earthquake recurrence models and for highlighting linear gaps in the global seismic release. To test the method we applied it systematically to all M 〉 5.5 earthquakes that occurred in the Central and Southern Apennines in the past four centuries. The results are encouraging and compare well with existing instrumental, direct geological and geodynamic evidence. The method is quite stable for different choices of the algorithm parameters and provides elongation directions which in most cases can be shown to be statistically significant. The resulting pattern of source locations and orientations is homogeneous, showing a consistent Apennines-parallel trend that agrees well with the NE-SW tectonic extension style of the central and southern portions of the Italian peninsula.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; source orientation ; seismotectonics ; seismic intensity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Method of investigation, typologyand taxonomy of the basic data: navigating between seismic effects and historical contexts (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This contribution presents the methods of research and filing of the historical data which are at the basis of the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3). Seen from the point of view of historical research, this is the first research carried out in Italy with continuous methods and objectives exceeding 15 years. Here the basic, historical and scientific sources that were used are presented, considering the peculiarity of these sources in relation to the testimonies of the seismic effects. In total, there are 25 780 recorded and analysed bibliographical entries, which have disclosed and located 33 150 seismic effects from the ancient world till 1997. The basic work has not only consisted of a meticulous indexing of the sources and texts, but also of a new outlining of the particular historical and cultural contexts, in which 605 analysed strong earthquakes occurred. Moreover, a small historical guide is presented to help orientate the user of the CFTI3. The complex history of the present-day Italian territory (which has passed for centuries under very different dominations and institutional structures) has demanded a non-superficial analysis of these contexts in order to better trace and interpret the testimonies of the seismic effects on buildings as well as on the natural environment. The work, carried out with groups of specialised researchers, has also led to the compiling of a database capable of dynamically managing the interpreted information. The open structure of this work allows for the continuous data updating and expansion.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; method of research ; seismic database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Towards new research strategies: silent seismogenic areas or silent sources? (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Some earthquakes, particularly the strongest ones, can re-occur within hundreds or thousands of years. Therefore, the areas whose "seismic history" seems to be totally lacking in information are indeed a problem. In the past, these "silences" were interpreted in the simplest way, as an indicator of a low degree of seismicity. More recently, the results of historical research, some geological observations and the limits imposed by the physics of the seismic cycle suggest that this interpretation is wrong and must be overcome by new multi-disciplinary strategies. These strategies will involve the use of both the general pattern offered by the knowledge on the historical seismicity, and the little, though valuable information gleaned from land geology. Similar to these "silent" or "missing" earthquakes are the cases of the "missed" earthquakes which occurred in such historical and territorial conditions that they went completely unnoticed. A third case regards "underrated" earthquakes, reported as events of moderate energy. "Missing", "missed" and "underrated" earthquakes call for some reflection on the problem of completeness in the catalogue, and require innovative research projects. In recent years the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica and SGA have developed three of such projects. These concern: 1) Sicily in the period between the ninth and thirteenth centuries; 2) the Pollino area (Northern Calabria) before the nineteenth century; 3) the Velino-Sirente massif in the period between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; paleoseismology ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    〈〈Unknown〉〉 earthquakes: a growing contribution to the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The particular structure of the research into historical seismology found in this catalogue has allowed a lot of information about unknown seismic events to be traced. This new contribution to seismologic knowledge mainly consists in: i) the retrieval and organisation within a coherent framework of documentary evidence of earthquakes that took place between the Middle Ages and the sixteenth century; ii) the improved knowledge of seismic events, even destructive events, which in the past had been "obscured" by large earthquakes; iii) the identification of earthquakes in "silent" seismic areas. The complex elements to be taken into account when dealing with unknown seismic events have been outlined; much "new" information often falls into one of the following categories: simple chronological errors relative to other well-known events; descriptions of other natural phenomena, though defined in texts as "earthquakes" (landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.); unknown tremors belonging to known seismic periods; tremors that may be connected with events which have been catalogued under incorrect dates and with very approximate estimates of location and intensity. This proves that this was not a real seismic "silence" but a research vacuum.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Unknown earthquakes ; completeness of seismic catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Appendix to volume 44 N° 4, 2001 (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    The geodynamics of Mt. Etna volcano during and after the 1984 eruption (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Data concerning M 〉 2.5 earthquakes that occurred at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) during the period April 15th - October 29th, 1984 are here presented and discussed. Only those events with reliable focal mechanisms (at least eight polarities) have been considered. Instrumental information comes from local seismic networks run by the University of Catania and the CNRS (Grenoble, France). The results obtained support the hypothesis that the seismicity and the volcanic activity at Mt. Etna are related to a complex stress field, due to the combined effects of the tectonics associated with the interaction between the African and Eurasian plates and the movement of magma into the crust. In particular, we hypothesize that the tectonic forces caused the end of the 1984 eruption, by means of a "locking mechanism".
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; earthquakes ; focal mechanisms ; stress field ; eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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    An outline of earthquake catalogues, databases and studies of historical seismicity in the Iberian Peninsula (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: The general purpose of the present paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of historical earthquake knowledge and research in the Iberian Peninsula, giving an account of the main references, the historical developments and the present situation of earthquake catalogues. The most representative historical works for compiling earthquake data (catalogues) up to 1985 are referred together with those of more recent investigations carried out in Spain and Portugal for the period 1985-2003. Existing databases on historical seismicity are presented, mentioning the most important achievements in relation to quality of information.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; catalogues ; macroseismic data ; earthquake database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    On the relative importance of self-gravitation and elasticity in modeling volcanic ground deformation and gravity changes (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 111, no. B3, pp. 1399-1413, pp. B03404, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Volcanology ; Dislocation ; JGR ; Fernandez ; Luzon ; volcanic ; activity ; 1217 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Time ; variable ; gravity ; (7223, ; 7230) ; 8419 ; Volcanology: ; Volcano ; monitoring ; (7280)
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    Large scale ground deformation of Etna observed by Global Positioning System between 1994 and 2001 (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Berlin, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 2212-2221, pp. L02309, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Volcanology ; Italy ; GRL ; Houlie ; 8040 ; Structural ; Geology: ; Remote ; sensing ; 8178 ; Tectonophysics: ; Tectonics ; and ; magmatism ; 8485 ; Volcanology: ; Remote ; sensing ; of ; volcanoes
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    Coseismic deformation of the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake: Insights from Global Positioning System measurements (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 111, no. B3, pp. 3-1 to 3-4, pp. B03308, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Source parameters ; Earthquake ; Alaska ; USA ; JGR ; Hreinsdottir ; Buergmann ; Burgmann ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 1243 ; Space ; geodetic ; surveys ; 7260 ; Seismology: ; Theory ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240)
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    Earthquake triggering by migrating slow slip initiated by M8 earthquake along Kuril Trench, Japan (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1-4, pp. L09306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: red ; silent ; Earthquake ; Subduction zone ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; GRL ; 7207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; 7223 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics
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    A growing structure near the deformation front in SW Taiwan as deduced from SAR interferometry and geodetic observation (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1-5, pp. L12305, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Structural geology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; China ; InSAR ; Geodesy ; GRL ; 1209 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Tectonic ; deformation ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; 1243 ; Space ; geodetic ; surveys
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    Monitoring urban growth on the European side of the Istanbul metropolitan area: A case study (2006)
    In:  International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Amsterdam, Univ. Tokyo, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18-25, pp. L14309, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: remote ; sensing ; population ; Earthquake risk ; Geodesy
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  • 77
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    Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., New York, Allerton Press, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. 706-717, pp. L13315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Inelastic ; Subduction zone ; cycle ; GRL ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 7221 ; Seismology: ; Paleoseismology ; (8036) ; 7240 ; Subduction ; zones ; (1207, ; 1219, ; 1240) ; 8104 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; margins: ; convergent ; 8170 ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; (1031, ; 3060, ; 3613, ; 8413)
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    Uplift and subsidence associated with the great Aceh-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 111, no. B2, pp. 2160-2186, pp. B02407, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake ; Indonesia ; Geodesy ; Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; JGR ; satellite ; imagery ; coral ; reef ; Sumatra ; 1209 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Tectonic ; deformation ; (6924) ; 1243 ; Space ; geodetic ; surveys ; 4220 ; Oceanography: ; General: ; Coral ; reef ; systems ; (4916) ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242) ; 7240 ; Subduction ; zones ; (1207, ; 1219, ; 1240)
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    Coseismic surface deformation from air photos: The Kickapoo step over in the 1992 Landers rupture (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 111, no. B3, pp. ETG 2-1 to ETG 2-6, pp. B03408, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Fault zone ; JGR ; earthquake ; slip ; distribution ; USA ; California ; 1209 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Tectonic ; deformation ; (6924) ; 1241 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; technical ; issues ; (6994, ; 7969) ; 1640 ; Global ; Change: ; Remote ; sensing ; (1855) ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242) ; 8164 ; Tectonophysics: ; Stresses: ; crust ; and ; lithosphere
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    Combination of precise leveling and InSAR data to constrain source parameters of the Ms-2dWus0 = 6.5, 26 December 2003 Bam earthquake (2006)
    In:  Pageoph, Edmonton, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 163, no. 8, pp. 1-18, pp. 2340, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Earthquake ; Source parameters ; Iran ; SAR ; PAG ; MMOTAGH ; FROTH
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    Short-term slow slip and correlated tremor episodes in the Tokai region, central Japan (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 33, no. 17, pp. 25-1 to 25-4, pp. L17311, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Micro-tremor (seismic noise) ; Subduction zone ; red ; silent ; Seismicity ; GRL ; 1207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; (6924, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 7240 ; Seismology: ; Subduction ; zones ; (1207, ; 1219, ; 1240) ; 8170 ; Tectonophysics: ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; (1031, ; 3060, ; 3613, ; 8413) ; 9320 ; Geographic ; Location: ; Asia
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    Spatial-temporal patterns of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 111, no. B3, pp. 841-844, pp. B03309, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Statistical investigations ; JGR ; episodic ; tremor ; and ; slip ; source-scanning ; algorithm ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 8164 ; Tectonophysics: ; Stresses: ; crust ; and ; lithosphere ; 8170 ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; (1031, ; 3060, ; 3613, ; 8413) ; 7240 ; Seismology: ; Subduction ; zones ; (1207, ; 1219, ; 1240) ; 9350 ; Geographic ; Location: ; North ; America ; Canada ; ETS
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    Spatial and temporal evolution of stress and slip rate during the 2000 Tokai slow earthquake (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 111, no. B3, pp. ETG 7-1 to ETG 7-15, pp. B03409, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; silent ; red ; Earthquake ; Japan ; Kalman ; filter ; Volcanology ; Subduction zone ; JGR ; crustal ; deformation ; Global Positioning System ; slow ; slip ; event ; Tokai ; transient ; deformation ; 1243 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Space ; geodetic ; surveys ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240) ; 8150 ; Tectonophysics: ; Plate ; boundary: ; general ; (3040)
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    New insights into the mechanism of postseismic stress relaxation exemplified by the 23 June 2001 M[w] = 8.4 earthquake in southern Peru (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 441-445, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Stress ; Rheology ; Non-linear effects ; Maxwell ; Two-dimensional ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Earthquake ; South ; America ; GIK ; GRL ; 1207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; (6924, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242) ; 8123 ; Tectonophysics: ; Dynamics: ; seismotectonics ; 8164 ; Stresses: ; crust ; and ; lithosphere
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    Co- and postseismic deformation of the 28 March 2005 Nias M-s2dwus0 8.7 earthquake from continuous Global Positioning System data (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Warszawa, 1-3, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 8-34, pp. L07307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Rheology ; afterslip ; Aftershocks ; Earthquake ; Indonesia ; Geodesy ; GRL ; 1207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; (6924, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; (6929, ; 7215, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 8170 ; Tectonophysics: ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; (1031, ; 3060, ; 3613, ; 8413)
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    Quantitative analysis of surface coseismic faulting and postseismic creep accompanying the 2003, Ms-2dwus0 = 6.5, Chengkung earthquake in eastern Taiwan (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tulsa, 450 pp.; 2nd modified and expanded ed., Society of Exploration Geophysics, vol. 111, no. B2, pp. 914-929, pp. B02405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Structural geology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Fault zone ; Earthquake ; China ; JGR ; Chengkung ; earthquake ; coseismic ; deformation ; active ; fault ; plate ; suture ; 1209 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Tectonic ; deformation ; (6924) ; 8107 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; neotectonics ; (8002) ; 8109 ; Continental ; tectonics: ; extensional ; (0905) ; 8118 ; Dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; of ; faulting ; (8004) ; 8150 ; Plate ; boundary: ; general ; (3040)
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    Recent crustal deformation of Izmir, Western Anatolia and surrounding regions as deduced from repeated Global Positioning System measurements and strain field (2006)
    In:  J. Geodynamics, Tokyo, Elsevier, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 471-484, pp. L16603
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Strain ; Turkey ; JGD ; Western ; Anatolia ; Global Positioning System ; Izmir ; Bay ; Crustal ; deformation ; Strain ; analysis ; Repeated ; measurements
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  • 88
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    Active deformation in Zagros-Makran transition zone inferred from Global Positioning System measurements (2006)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Ottawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 373-381, pp. 2371
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Tectonics ; Geodesy ; Iran ; Subduction zone ; GJI ; active ; deformation, ; collision, ; Subduction
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    Rapid determination of earthquake magnitude using Global Positioning System for tsunami warning systems (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1-4, pp. L11309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Detectors ; Magnitude ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Tsunami(s) ; GRL ; 1222 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Ocean ; monitoring ; with ; geodetic ; techniques ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; 1241 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; technical ; issues ; 4564 ; Oceanography: ; Physical: ; Tsunamis ; and ; storm ; surges ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations
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    Resolving vertical tectonics in the San Francisco Bay Area from permanent scatterer InSAR and Global Positioning System analysis (2006)
    In:  Geology, Tulsa, 3-4, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 221-224, pp. B07405, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Tectonics ; uplift ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; USA ; Geodesy ; geodesy, ; Fault zone ; SAF ; San ; Andreas ; fault
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    Surface deformation associated with the Mw 6.4, 24 February 2004 Al Hoceima, Morocco, earthquake deduced from InSAR: implications for the active tectonics along North Africa (2006)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Potsdam, ZIPE, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 59-68, pp. 2156, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Geodesy ; Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; BSSA
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    Comparison of seismic and geodetic scalar moment rates across the basin and range province (2006)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Naples, AGU, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 11-32, pp. 1273, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; seismic Moment ; Geodesy ; USA ; Source parameters ; BSSA ; Corne
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    Global Positioning System constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tübingen, Univ. Calif. Publ., vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 1-26, pp. B05411, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Geodesy ; GeodesyY ; Tectonics ; JGR ; eastern ; Mediterranean ; active ; tectonics ; 1209 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Tectonic ; deformation ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; 8107 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; neotectonics ; 8120 ; Dynamics ; of ; lithosphere ; and ; mantle: ; general ; 8158 ; Plate ; motions: ; present ; and ; recent
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    Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 302-317, pp. B05408, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Earthquake ; Japan ; JGR ; 1207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; (6924, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 8162 ; Tectonophysics: ; Rheology: ; mantle ; (8033)
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    Distribution of slip from 11 Ms-2dwus0 〉 6 earthquakes in the northern Chile subduction zone (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 111, no. B10, pp. 1-18, pp. B10302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Global Positioning System, and teleseismic data to constrain the relative location of coseismic slip from 11 earthquakes on the subduction interface in northern Chile (23-25 S) between the years 1993 and 2000. We invert body wave waveforms and geodetic data both jointly and separately for the four largest earthquakes during this time period (1993 Mw 6.8; 1995 Mw 8.1; 1996 Mw 6.7; 1998 Mw 7.1). While the location of slip in the teleseismic-only, geodetic-only, and joint slip inversions is similar for the small earthquakes, there are differences for the 1995 Mw 8.1 event, probably related to nonuniqueness of models that fit the teleseismic data. There is a consistent mislocation of the Harvard centroid moment tensor locations of many of the 6 〈 Mw 〈 8 earthquakes by 30-50 km toward the trench. For all models, the teleseismic data are better able to resolve fine details of the earthquake slip distribution. The 1995 earthquake did not rupture to the maximum depth of the seismogenic zone (as defined by the other earthquakes). In addition to the above events, we use only teleseismic data to determine the rupture characteristics of four other Mw 〉 6 earthquakes, as well as three Mw 〉 7 events from the 1980s. All of these earthquakes appear to rupture different portions of the fault interface and do not rerupture a limited number of asperities.
    Keywords: Source ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; InSAR ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; 7240 ; Subduction ; zones ; 6924 ; Radio ; Science: ; Interferometry ; 1240 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations
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    Coseismic slip distribution of the 2003 Ms-2dwus0 6.6 San Simeon earthquake, California, determined from Global Positioning System measurements and seismic waveform data (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Oslo, Wiley, vol. 33, no. 16, pp. 179-192, pp. L16315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Source ; Geodesy ; Wave form analysis ; USA ; GRL ; Buergmann ; Burgmann ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; (6929, ; 7215, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242)
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    Coseismic ground deformation due to an intraplate earthquake using synthetic aperture radar interferometry: The Ms-2dwus06.1 Killari, India, earthquake of 29 September 1993 (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 111, no. B2, pp. 943-956, pp. B02302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Earthquake ; JGR ; Latur ; SAR ; interferometry ; InSAR ; geodetic ; measurements ; 1240 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; (6929, ; 7215, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240)
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    Crustal deformation and the seismic cycle across the Kodiak Islands, Alaska (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 111, no. B2, pp. 2853-2856, pp. B02403, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Earthquake ; Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Plate tectonics ; JGR ; subduction ; zones ; Global Positioning System ; seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; plate ; boundary ; processes ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 1236 ; Rheology ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; and ; mantle ; (7218, ; 8160) ; 7240 ; Seismology: ; Subduction ; zones ; (1207, ; 1219, ; 1240) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242) ; 8150 ; Tectonophysics: ; Plate ; boundary: ; general ; (3040)
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    Strain accumulation across the Carrizo segment of the San Andreas Fault, California: Impact of laterally varying crustal properties (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Geophys. Institut der Universität Karlsruhe, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 199-208, pp. B05403, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Strain ; Fault zone ; SAF ; USA ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; JGR ; geodesy ; strain ; accumulation ; Carrizo ; segment ; 0560 ; Computational ; Geophysics: ; Numerical ; solutions ; (4255) ; 1236 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Rheology ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; and ; mantle ; (7218, ; 8160) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 1240 ; Satellite ; geodesy: ; results ; (6929, ; 7215, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 8111 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; tectonics: ; strike-slip ; and ; transform
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    Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 111, no. B4, pp. 25,525-25,532, pp. B04405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Fault zone ; Strike-slip ; JGR ; dislocation ; model ; strain ; accumulation ; 1207 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Transient ; deformation ; (6924, ; 7230, ; 7240) ; 1209 ; Tectonic ; deformation ; (6924) ; 1242 ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 8106 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; margins: ; transform ; 8111 ; Continental ; tectonics: ; strike-slip ; and ; transform
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