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  • Rats  (57)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (57)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 2006  (57)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (57)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 2005-2009  (57)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Small noncoding RNAs regulate processes essential for cell growth and development, including mRNA degradation, translational repression, and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). During a search for candidate mammalian factors for TGS, we purified a complex that contains small RNAs and Riwi, the rat homolog to human Piwi. The RNAs, frequently 29 to 30 nucleotides in length, are called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), 94% of which map to 100 defined (〈 or = 101 kb) genomic regions. Within these regions, the piRNAs generally distribute across only one genomic strand or distribute on two strands but in a divergent, nonoverlapping manner. Preparations of piRNA complex (piRC) contain rRecQ1, which is homologous to qde-3 from Neurospora, a gene implicated in silencing pathways. Piwi has been genetically linked to TGS in flies, and slicer activity cofractionates with the purified complex. These results are consistent with a gene-silencing role for piRC in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, Nelson C -- Seto, Anita G -- Kim, Jinkuk -- Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Satomi -- Nakano, Toru -- Bartel, David P -- Kingston, Robert E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):363-7. Epub 2006 Jun 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Helicases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Genome ; Male ; Mice ; Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RecQ Helicases ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Testis/*chemistry ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: During neurotransmitter release at the synapse, influx of calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter. However, the mechanism by which synaptic vesicle fusion is coupled to calcium has been unclear, despite the identification of both the core fusion machinery [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)] and the principal calcium sensor (synaptotagmin). Here, we describe what may represent a basic principle of the coupling mechanism: a reversible clamping protein (complexin) that can freeze the SNAREpin, an assembled fusion-competent intermediate en route to fusion. When calcium binds to the calcium sensor synaptotagmin, the clamp would then be released. SNARE proteins, and key regulators like synaptotagmin and complexin, can be ectopically expressed on the cell surface. Cells expressing such "flipped" synaptic SNAREs fuse constitutively, but when we coexpressed complexin, fusion was blocked. Adding back calcium triggered fusion from this intermediate in the presence of synaptotagmin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giraudo, Claudio G -- Eng, William S -- Melia, Thomas J -- Rothman, James E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):676-80. Epub 2006 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Exocytosis ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; SNARE Proteins/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmin I/metabolism ; Synaptotagmins/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: Bacterial pathogens frequently use protein secretion to mediate interactions with their hosts. Here we found that a virulence locus (HSI-I) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a protein secretion apparatus. The apparatus assembled in discrete subcellular locations and exported Hcp1, a hexameric protein that forms rings with a 40 angstrom internal diameter. Regulatory patterns of HSI-I suggested that the apparatus functions during chronic infections. We detected Hcp1 in pulmonary secretions of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and Hcp1-specific antibodies in their sera. Thus, HSI-I likely contributes to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in CF patients. HSI-I-related loci are widely distributed among bacterial pathogens and may play a general role in mediating host interactions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2800167/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2800167/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mougous, Joseph D -- Cuff, Marianne E -- Raunser, Stefan -- Shen, Aimee -- Zhou, Min -- Gifford, Casey A -- Goodman, Andrew L -- Joachimiak, Grazyna -- Ordonez, Claudia L -- Lory, Stephen -- Walz, Thomas -- Joachimiak, Andrzej -- Mekalanos, John J -- AI21451/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI26289/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM074942/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62414/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM062414/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM062414-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074942/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074942-04S2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1526-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/physiology/secretion ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications/microbiology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Pseudomonas Infections/complications/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Sequence Alignment ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*pharmacology ; Bone and Bones/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix ; Myoblasts/cytology ; Rats ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: According to Darwinian theory, complexity evolves by a stepwise process of elaboration and optimization under natural selection. Biological systems composed of tightly integrated parts seem to challenge this view, because it is not obvious how any element's function can be selected for unless the partners with which it interacts are already present. Here we demonstrate how an integrated molecular system-the specific functional interaction between the steroid hormone aldosterone and its partner the mineralocorticoid receptor-evolved by a stepwise Darwinian process. Using ancestral gene resurrection, we show that, long before the hormone evolved, the receptor's affinity for aldosterone was present as a structural by-product of its partnership with chemically similar, more ancient ligands. Introducing two amino acid changes into the ancestral sequence recapitulates the evolution of present-day receptor specificity. Our results indicate that tight interactions can evolve by molecular exploitation-recruitment of an older molecule, previously constrained for a different role, into a new functional complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridgham, Jamie T -- Carroll, Sean M -- Thornton, Joseph W -- F32-GM074398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):97-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldosterone/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Binding Sites ; Desoxycorticosterone/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Hagfishes ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Lampreys ; Ligands ; Mutation ; Perciformes ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Skates (Fish)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Sensory stimuli reach the brain via the thalamocortical projection, a group of axons thought to be among the most powerful in the neocortex. Surprisingly, these axons account for only approximately 15% of synapses onto cortical neurons. The thalamocortical pathway might thus achieve its effectiveness via high-efficacy thalamocortical synapses or via amplification within cortical layer 4. In rat somatosensory cortex, we measured in vivo the excitatory postsynaptic potential evoked by a single synaptic connection and found that thalamocortical synapses have low efficacy. Convergent inputs, however, are both numerous and synchronous, and intracortical amplification is not required. Our results suggest a mechanism of cortical activation by which thalamic input alone can drive cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruno, Randy M -- Sakmann, Bert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1622-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. bruno@mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Membrane Potentials ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/cytology/*physiology ; Vibrissae/innervation/physiology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) release calcium ions, Ca2+, from intracellular stores, but their roles in mediating Ca2+ entry are unclear. IP3 stimulated opening of very few (1.9 +/- 0.2 per cell) Ca2+-permeable channels in whole-cell patch-clamp recording of DT40 chicken or mouse B cells. Activation of the B cell receptor (BCR) in perforated-patch recordings evoked the same response. IP3 failed to stimulate intracellular or plasma membrane (PM) channels in cells lacking IP3R. Expression of IP3R restored both responses. Mutations within the pore affected the conductances of IP3-activated PM and intracellular channels similarly. An impermeant pore mutant abolished BCR-evoked Ca2+ signals, and PM IP3Rs were undetectable. After introduction of an alpha-bungarotoxin binding site near the pore, PM IP3Rs were modulated by extracellular alpha-bungarotoxin. IP(3)Rs are unusual among endoplasmic reticulum proteins in being also functionally expressed at the PM, where very few IP3Rs contribute substantially to the Ca2+ entry evoked by the BCR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dellis, Olivier -- Dedos, Skarlatos G -- Tovey, Stephen C -- Taufiq-Ur-Rahman -- Dubel, Stefan J -- Taylor, Colin W -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):229-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Bungarotoxins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Electric Conductivity ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Mice ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Point Mutation ; Rats ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: A common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a methionine (Met) substitution for valine (Val) at codon 66 (Val66Met), is associated with alterations in brain anatomy and memory, but its relevance to clinical disorders is unclear. We generated a variant BDNF mouse (BDNF(Met/Met)) that reproduces the phenotypic hallmarks in humans with the variant allele. BDNF(Met) was expressed in brain at normal levels, but its secretion from neurons was defective. When placed in stressful settings, BDNF(Met/Met) mice exhibited increased anxiety-related behaviors that were not normalized by the antidepressant, fluoxetine. A variant BDNF may thus play a key role in genetic predispositions to anxiety and depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880880/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880880/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Zhe-Yu -- Jing, Deqiang -- Bath, Kevin G -- Ieraci, Alessandro -- Khan, Tanvir -- Siao, Chia-Jen -- Herrera, Daniel G -- Toth, Miklos -- Yang, Chingwen -- McEwen, Bruce S -- Hempstead, Barbara L -- Lee, Francis S -- MH060478/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH068850/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052819/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30687/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052819/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. zheyuchen@sdu.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Anxiety/drug therapy/*genetics ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology ; Fear ; Fluoxetine/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Organ Size ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansma, Paul K -- Schitter, Georg -- Fantner, Georg E -- Prater, Craig -- GM 65354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Collagen/ultrastructure ; Electronics ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force/instrumentation/methods ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Jose-Manuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1604-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA. jalonso@sunyopt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Mice ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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