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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,336)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2000-2004  (3,336)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 2003  (3,336)
Collection
Publisher
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2000-2004  (3,336)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial Delegation in a Model of Currency Crisis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper shows that, in a fixed exchange-rate system with an escape clause, delegating the decision on the magnitude of realignment to an inflation-averse central banker reduces the range of realignment costs for which the policy-maker necessarily devalues. Stressing the influence of devaluation expectations on currency crises, it is also shown that this strategy of delegation reduces the width of the multiple equilibria zone within which self-fulfilling crises occur, thus promoting further the exchange-rate system's stability. The higher the central banker's degree of inflation aversion, the greater is this reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00180
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for Temporal Asymmetry in the Price-Volume Relationship (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents some evidence for the presence of temporal asymmetry in the price-volume relationship in the crude oil futures market. By using threshold models we show that there is bidirectional causality between volume and prices, whereas the conventional model that assumes symmetry can only detect unidirectional causality. The results also show that the price-volume relationship is asymmetric, in the sense that negative price and volume changes have stronger effects (on each other) than positive changes. Some explanations for asymmetry in the price-volume relationship are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00182
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Note on the Most-Favoured-Customer Pricing Policy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper extends the retroactive most-favoured-customer pricing policy examined by Cooper (1986). He showed that the policy enabled both firms in a duopoly to offer higher prices and to enjoy higher profits. This paper introduces a variable into the most-favoured-customer pricing policy. Then, it shows that there is an equilibrium in which the duopolists can further increase their profits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00184
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Favourite-Longshot Bias, Bookmaker Margins and Insider Trading in a Variety of Betting Markets (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper verifies the existence of the favourite-longshot bias in a variety of sports betting markets where odds are set by bookmakers, but the precise pattern of the bias is not identical. Evidence is found to support a central prediction of the Shin (1993) model, which asserts that bookmakers are impelled to create a bias in their odds because of the presence of insider traders: that margins increase with the number of competitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00174
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Endowment Effect and the Role of Uncertainty (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explains the endowment effect, whereby sellers generally demand considerably more for a good than buyers are prepared to pay, and related anomalies. Many decisions, including nominating buying or selling prices, involve uncertainty, and we assert that people experience negative psychological reactions to uncertainty. These reactions can affect a person's valuation of the various options, biasing the person's actions towards the status quo, thus producing the endowment effect. Our model also proposes positive or negative reactions to unlikely prospects, which are able to explain commonly observed behaviour in the presence of ambiguity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00176
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nash Equilibria in Pure Strategies (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We consider an n-person non-zero-sum non-cooperative game in normal form, where the strategy sets are some closed intervals of the real line. It is shown that if the pay-off functions are continuous on the whole space and if for each pay-off function the smallest local maximum in the strategy variable is a global maximum, then the game possesses a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00178
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Reverse Favourite–longshot Bias and Market Efficiency in Major League Baseball: An Update (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Racetrack and sports betting markets have been researched extensively with respect to the question of market efficiency. In contrast to the consistently observed favourite–longshot bias found in racetrack betting markets, it has been shown that gamblers in the market for Major League Baseball games reveal the opposite behaviour. This paper updates the previous study with ten years of additional data for the 1990–99 seasons. The strength of the reverse favourite–longshot bias is virtually identical to the original paper. The result suggests that, contrary to most reported inefficiencies in gambling markets, this bias appears to be permanent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00165
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate Markov Switching Common Factor Models for the UK (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We estimate a model that incorporates two key features of business cycles, comovement among economic variables and switching between regimes of boom and slump, to quarterly UK data for the last four decades. A common factor, interpreted as a composite indicator of coincident variables, and estimates of turning points from one regime to the other, are extracted from the data by using the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. Both comovement and regime switching are found to be important features of the UK business cycle. The composite indicator produces a sensible representation of the cycle and the estimated turning points agree fairly well with independently determined chronologies. These estimates are sharper than those produced by a univariate Markov switching model of GDP alone. A fairly typical stylized fact of business cycles is confirmed by this model – recessions are steeper and shorter than recoveries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00168
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Interaction Between Efficiency Wage Theories and Labour Turnover Costs (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We develop a simple model to illustrate how the effects of turnover costs on wages can be reinforced by an efficiency wage effect. The insider–outsider theory explains why labour turnover costs allow the insiders to earn higher wages than outsiders. According to the efficiency wage theory, higher wages enhance the insiders’ productivity. Therefore, the costs of replacing an insider by a low–paid, low–productivity outsider are increased, which allows the insiders to raise their wages further. Again, higher wages increase insiders’ productivity, which allows them to earn still higher wages, and so on. Thus, the existence of a link between effort and wages can reinforce the effects of labour turnover costs on wages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wage Bargaining Versus Efficiency Wages: A Synthesis (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We construct a model integrating the efficiency wage model of Shapiro–Stiglitz (1984) (SS), with an individual wage bargaining model in the Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides (DMP) tradition where firms and workers form pairwise matches. We show that when workers may threaten to shirk on the job and there is individual wage bargaining, the wage is always higher and employment lower than in either the SS model, or the (appropriately modified) DMP model. When firms determine workers’ efforts unilaterally, efforts are set inefficiently low in the SS model. In the bargaining model, effort is higher, and is first best when the worker non–shirking constraint does not bind. The overall equilibrium allocation may then be more or less efficient than in the SS model, but is always less efficient than in a pure bargaining model with no moral hazard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00159
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Fiscal Implications of Monetary Policy (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We study the implications of alternative monetary targeting procedures for real interest rates and economic activity. We find that countercyclical monetary policy rules lead to higher real interest rates, higher average tax rates, lower output but lower variability of tax rates and consumption relative to procyclical rules. For a country with a high level of public debt (e.g. Italy), the adoption of a countercyclical procedure such as interest rate pegging may conceivably raise public debt servicing costs by more than half a percentage point of GNP. Our analysis suggests that the current debate on the targeting procedures of the European Central Bank ought to be broadened to include a discussion of the fiscal implications of monetary policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00160
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Team member experiences in new product development: views from the trenches (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although cross-functional teams are often used for new product development (NPD), many companies struggle to implement them successfully. Through in-depth interviews with 71 team members from 18 companies in a variety of technology-based industries, this study focuses on the experiences of the people who actually do much of the work of NPD (team members) and explores their perceptions and attitudes about cross-functional team assignments. The purpose of our study is to identify the factors that influence and shape NPD team member experiences. Our results suggest that although NPD work can be rewarding and productive, NPD team members are often neglected by other team members, project leaders, and senior management. This sense of neglect has important implications for all of these constituencies, but particularly for senior management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00311
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of technology strategy: an exploratory study (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A study of the evolution of competitive capabilities in exemplar New Zealand firms identified that technology strategy played the key role in motivating the firms' transition to positions of global prominence. Adequate description of these transitions required a view of technology strategy that is more dynamic than those typically available. We use complexity theory to identify, first, a number of positive feedback loops that have driven the technological progression of these firms, second to identify the complex webs of strategic development within which technology has progressed, and finally to explain why these trajectories carry firms to positions of distinctive advantage. These loops come together to impel firms through a radical transition from broad technology dabblers to focussed technology specialists. We view the study as exploratory to a class of studies aimed at understanding the evolution of technology strategy over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00312
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Dengjian Jin, The Dynamics of Knowledge Regimes: Technology, Culture and Competitiveness in the USA and JapanChrisanthi Avgerou and Renata Lébre La Rovere (eds.), Information Systems and the Economics of InnovationJohn T. Scott, Environmental Research and DevelopmentFaïz Gallouj, Innovation in the Service Economy: the New Wealth of NationsAndreas Pyka and Gunter Kuppers (eds.), Innovation Networks Theory and Practice
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00316
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fuzzy multiple criteria selection of government-sponsored frontier technology R&D projects (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Selection of government-sponsored frontier R&D projects is made difficult by the coexistence of the conflicting participating parties, the availability of experts for new frontier technology review, and the ambiguity of new frontier technology. This paper presents a model that includes (1) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to integrate various expectations from different interest groups into evaluating objectives/criteria, (2) the group-decision method by technical experts based on the predetermined objectives/criteria, and (3) the fuzzy approach in scoring the subjective judgments of the experts. The results reveal that differences of weights toward each criterion exist among various groups. The government and academia care more about social benefits, the researchers are more concerned about intellectual properties, and the experts from industry emphasize the importance of feasibility. The method presented in this paper was applied at a national research institute in Taiwan. The results reveal that: (1) the approach can solve the disparity between the profound knowledge required for evaluation and the different expectation from various interest groups, (2) the fuzzy approach is suitable to frontier technology R&D project selection because of the vagueness of the nature of frontier technology and the difficulties in evaluating quantitatively and accurately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00315
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Neo-Gramscian Approach to Corporate Political Strategy: Conflict and Accommodation in the Climate Change Negotiations* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   A neo-Gramscian theoretical framework for corporate political strategy is developed drawing from Gramsci's analysis of the relations among capital, social forces, and the state, and from more contemporary theories. Gramsci's political theory recognizes the centrality of organizations and strategy, directs attention to the organizational, economic, and ideological pillars of power, while illuminating the processes of coalition building, conflict, and accommodation that drive social change. This approach addresses the structure-agency relationship and endogenous dynamics in a way that could enrich institutional theory. The framework suggests a strategic concept of power, which provides space for contestation by subordinate groups in complex dynamic social systems. We apply the framework to analyse the international negotiations to control emissions of greenhouse gases, focusing on the responses of firms in the US and European oil and automobile industries. The neo-Gramscian framework explains some specific features of corporate responses to challenges to their hegemonic position and points to the importance of political struggles within civil society. The analysis suggests that the conventional demarcation between market and non-market strategies is untenable, given the embeddedness of markets in contested social and political structures and the political character of strategies directed toward defending and enhancing markets, technologies, corporate autonomy and legitimacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00361
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Control – What Control?’ Culture and Ambiguity Within a Knowledge Intensive Firm* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   This paper explores the distinctive culture that existed within a knowledge-intensive firm (KIF) and also attempts to explain the emergence and effects of this culture. The findings are based on a detailed case study that was conducted over two years within a consultancy firm that created and applied scientific knowledge and expertise to the invention of solutions for clients. The firm employed highly educated scientists, considered ‘leading’ in their respective disciplines and project work was inherently fluid, complex, and uncertain. These kinds of ‘knowledge workers’, and this kind of work, are expected to demand high levels of autonomy. This creates complex managerial dilemmas around how to balance autonomy with control and uncertainty and flexibility with efficiency. The analysis shows how a strong culture based on an acceptance of ambiguity (e.g. in roles, power relations, organizational routines and practices) promoted the development of a loyal, committed, effective workforce and sustained a fluid and flexible form of project working over time. Critically, ambiguity allowed individuals to sustain multiple identities as both ‘expert’ and ‘consultant’. This, coupled with a corporate identity premised on ‘élitism’, helped to maximize commitment to the work and minimize tensions between control and autonomy. Thus the culture that embraced ambiguity (a consensus that there would be no consensus) engendered a form of normative control whereby consultants operated freely and at the same time willingly participated in the regulation of their own autonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00362
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-acquisition Integration as Sensemaking: Glimpses of Ambiguity, Confusion, Hypocrisy, and Politicization (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   Though many studies have examined post-acquisition integration challenges, they have mainly focused on rationalistic explanations for the difficulties encountered in post-acquisition integration. There remains little knowledge of how the ‘irrational’ features of post-acquisition decision-making may impede organizational integration. This study attempts to bridge that gap by examining post-acquisition decision-making from a sensemaking perspective. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of a merger between a large Finnish furniture manufacturer and three smaller Swedish furniture companies. By focusing on the sensemaking processes surrounding integration issues, we uncover four interrelated tendencies that illuminate why the frequent problem of slow progress during post-acquisition integration occurs: inherent ambiguity concerning integration issues; cultural confusion in social interaction and communication; organizational hypocrisy in integration decision-making; and the politicization of integration issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00363
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corporate Governance, Strategy and Survival in a Declining Industry: A Study of UK Cotton Textile Companies* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   Building on the strategic flexibility perspective, this paper examines the influences of organizational diversity, ownership structure and board characteristics on strategic responses to industrial decline in firms from the UK textile industry. Using samples of exiting and surviving companies it shows that, in line with the predictions of the strategic flexibility framework, the surviving companies tended to have a higher level of organizational diversity. They also tended to have larger institutional ownership and more diverse boards. These factors are associated with higher investment, financial performance, and growth. The results are consistent with the resource and service roles of the corporate governance factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00364
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  • 20
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    Strategic Groups, Frontier Benchmarking and Performance Differences: Evidence from the UK Retail Grocery Industry* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   In this paper we seek to advance the theory and practice of strategic group theory by means of powerful benchmarking tools that allow the composition of strategic groups on the basis of empirically derived production function frontiers. The relative performance of firms is assessed based on multiple inputs and outputs and as a result, firms are associated with different segments of the efficient frontiers. These segments constitute strategic facets and are used in the current paper as strategic group variables. The strategic facets are composed by outlier firms in the sense that they satisfy the Pareto dominance criterion when compared with other firms. Such advancement offers significant advantages compared to the ‘average’ firm that is used traditionally as a basis to define strategic groups. The proposed methodology for the formation of strategic groups has been applied on a panel of data from the grocery industry in the UK in the period 1987–93. The results of the study confirmed the existence of three stable strategic groups and one with a more volatile membership. Performance differences were also identifiled both between and within strategic groups using as criteria traditional accounting methods and also the relative efficiency indices obtained from the benchmarking methodology applied to the panel of data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00365
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  • 21
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    Strategy in the Public Sector: Management in the Wilderness (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   The central question addressed in this paper is ‘Why have organizational strategies emerged in the public sector?’ Two broad answers are suggested. First, ‘strategies’ profile the organization through identifying aims, outputs and outcomes. Public services must, now, provide such transparency in order to secure on-going funding from government bodies. Once ‘strategies’ are being produced, they also offer an organizational vision that potential additional funding agencies can buy into (with both commitment and money). And public services are short of resources. Second, ‘strategies’ signal greater devolved responsibility in the public sector for both acquiring resources and achieving results. They enable the inclusion of managerial priorities and values in setting the direction of public services. And politicians desire more control over the professionals that dominate public services whilst, simultaneously, wanting to make them more responsible for outcomes. This article explores the growth of strategic planning in a particular area of the public sector – the national parks. Strategies as ‘dormant documents’ and strategies as ‘funding pitches’ are discussed. It is suggested that, in the public sector, strategies should be the object of strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00366
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  • 22
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    Psychological Contract Breach in a Chinese Context: An Integrative Approach (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   This study examined the antecedents and outcomes of psychological contract breach as well as why and how psychological contract breach is related to these outcomes. Respondents were Hong Kong Chinese employees (N=152). Results showed organizational change and history of contract breach to be related to psychological contract breach which, in turn, was related to turnover intentions, psychological withdrawal behaviour, and civic virtue. Further, trust in employer fully mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and the work outcomes of psychological withdrawal behaviour and civic virtue but partially mediated the psychological contract breach–turnover intentions relationship. Lastly, interactional justice failed to moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and the work outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00368
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  • 23
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    The Changing Roles of Personnel Managers: Old Ambiguities, New Uncertainties (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   There have been notable attempts to capture the changing nature of personnel roles in response to major transformations in the workplace and the associated rise of ‘HRM’. A decade ago Storey (1992) explored the emerging impact of workplace change on personnel practice in the UK and proposed a new fourfold typology of personnel roles: ‘advisors’, ‘handmaidens’, ‘regulators’ and ‘changemakers’. Have these four roles changed now that HRM has increasingly become part of the rhetoric and reality of organizational performance? If Storey's work provides an empirical and analytical benchmark for examining issues of ‘role change’, then Ulrich's (1997) work in the USA offers a sweeping prescriptive end-point for the transformation of personnel roles that has already been widely endorsed by UK practitioners. He argues that HR professionals must overcome the traditional marginality of the personnel function by embracing a new set of roles as champions of competitiveness in delivering value. Is this a realistic ambition? The new survey findings and interview evidence from HR managers in major UK companies presented here suggests that the role of the personnel professional has altered in a number of significant respects, and has become more multifaceted and complex, but the negative counter-images of the past still remain. To partly capture the process of role change, Storey's original fourfold typology of personnel roles is re-examined and contrasted with Ulrich's prescriptive vision for the reinvention on the HR function. It is concluded that Storey's typology has lost much of its empirical and analytical veracity, while Ulrich's model ends in prescriptive overreach by submerging issues of role conflict within a new rhetoric of professional identity. Neither model can adequately accommodate the emergent tensions between competing role demands, ever-increasing managerial expectations of performance and new challenges to professional expertise, all of which are likely to intensify in the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00367
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  • 24
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    Seeing the Need for ISO 14001 (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   Many firms worldwide have adopted environmental management systems, and some have taken the extra step and had their systems certified for the international standard ISO 14001. While institutional pressures and market demand often motivate firms to adopt an EMS, the reasons why they certify for ISO 14001 are less clear. In this study, we interviewed members of the Canadian pulp and paper industry who had either an EMS or ISO 14001 certification to understand why they may have become ISO 14001 certified. We found that task visibility and environmental impact opacity lead to differences in a firm's approach to ISO 14001 certification in the absence of coercive pressures.
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    Understanding Labour Turnover in a Labour Intensive Industry: Evidence from the British Clothing Industry* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   The clothing industry is both a quintessential global industry and one that is inescapably labour intensive. Despite more and more production shifting to low wage economies in the past decades, there remains a significant amount of clothing manufacturing in high wage economies. This study examines the drivers of change that are forcing restructuring in one such country and the outcomes of such changes for the organization of production. Because the changes have involved treating workers as a resource to be developed rather than a cost, preventing labour turnover has become a crucial component of this strategic repositioning. In presenting the results of a national survey of UK clothing manufacturers we find that high labour turnover rates persist. We discuss the historical background to this phenomenon and current trends, and then explore the principal variables that might explain these trends. We conclude with a discussion of the outcomes facing firms in this industry and comment on why managers resist comprehensive changes in organizational routines and the effort bargain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00369
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    Introduction (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00353
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    The Social Construction of Contextual Rationalities in MNCs: An Anglo-German Comparison of Subsidiary Choice* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to examine empirically the extent to which actors in subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs) are able to exercise some choice in the face of global pressures from the MNC headquarters (HQ). We argue that managerial practices in MNCs are not the result of a simple imposition of a global or a MNC organizational rationality but are subject to an interactive process, where differing contextual rationalities come into play. Using data from MNC subsidiaries in Britain and Germany, the paper compares the power resources and strategic choices of subsidiary level actors and shows the ways in which they seek to influence global strategy implementation as it affects local work systems. We investigate the different abilities of German and British managers to shape global restructuring processes in their local organizational contexts and conclude that national contexts impact on both the formulation of parent company strategies via a home country rationality and on the implementation of global strategies via a host country rationality. There are greater national barriers to a MNC policy of convergence based on standardized products and processes in Germany than in the UK.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00354
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    Two Dimensions of the Internationalization of Firms* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper argues that there are two dimensions of internationalization: one which refers to the production activities of firms abroad and one which focuses on the corporate governance dimension of firms. While the first one is well known in the literature on internationalization, the financial dimension has not yet been addressed empirically. At the same time there are indicators that financial internationalization is gaining importance. Using a sample of the 100 largest German companies it shows that both dimensions, the real and the financial dimension, do not co-vary and therefore cannot be combined into one index.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00357
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    Institutional Conditioning of Foreign Expansion: Some Evidence from Finnish-Based Paper Industry Firms, 1994–2000* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyses of the foreign expansion of firms based on economics have recently been supplemented with institutionally-oriented studies demonstrating that foreign expansion is partly conditioned by the institutional environment in which the expanding firms are embedded. In this paper, we join this emerging stream of research with an empirical study on three Finnish-based paper industry firms from 1994 to 2000. By showing how changes in the patterns and forms of foreign expansion coincide with changes in the forms of corporate ownership and the cognitive constructions of organizational actors, our study confirms that foreign expansion cannot be adequately understood without reference to the institutional environment in which it originated. In particular, we show that foreign expansion can turn into an institutional requirement that directs the development of firms in part irrespective of the economic aspects involved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00358
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    The Dynamics of Delayering: Changing Management Structures in Three Countries* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The 1990s witnessed significant changes in organizational design philosophy. Unique to the 1990s were prescriptions for restructuring involving delayering (the planned vertical compression of managerial levels of hierarchy) (Keuning and Opheij, 1994; Peters, 1992). What did this mean in practice? The current understanding of delayering can be encapsulated in a ‘delayering thesis’. However, outside of the USA and UK there has been limited study and measurement of the extent and effects of delayering. This paper delineates trends in delayering based on surveys of 2964 organizations across three countries and assesses the effects in terms of management structures, workloads, productivity, and the notion of ‘survivor syndrome’. The extent of a subsequent phase of ‘relayering’ is examined. It concludes that delayering has been widespread as an organizational strategy; that there are few signs of a delayering-relayering cycle, but the effects in relation to managers was a collapse of commitment in Australia and South Africa. However, there were significant differences in New Zealand. A downsizing/delayering model is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00339
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    Organizational Transformation in Transition Economies: Resource-based and Organizational Learning Perspectives (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The capitalist and socialist societies of the twentieth century assigned firms different roles within their economic systems. Enterprises transforming from socialist to market economies thus face fundamental organizational restructuring. Many former state-owned firms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe have failed at this task. These firms have pursued primarily defensive downsizing, rather than strategic restructuring, as a result of both internal and external constraints on restructuring strategies.Building on the organizational learning and resource-based theories, we analyse strategies available to management in privatized, former state-owned enterprises in transition economies to restructure their organization. Both internal forces promoting or inhibiting the restructuring process, and external constraints arising in the transition context are examined. A model and testable propositions are developed that explain post-privatization performance. Implications of our research point to the ways in which firms should manage and develop their resource base to transform to competitive enterprises.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00340
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    Predicting the Performance of International Joint Ventures: An Investigation in China* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Organizational learning, resourcing and control have been identified in the literature as potential firm-level influences on the performance of international joint ventures (IJVs). The study reported here examines the impact of these factors on the performance of Sino-foreign IJVs. Their performance is assessed in terms of both ‘goal’ and ‘system’ criteria. The hypothesized performance determinants are found to be more strongly associated with variance in system performance than in goal performance. The main performance predictors are the parent companies’ experience with international business and joint ventures, and the quality of resources they provide to the joint ventures in respect of capital investment, new facilities and operational inputs. When good quality resourcing is provided, the sharing of control with local partners also predicts higher IJV performance. The performance effects of these factors appears to be cumulative, implying that further research should examine them together rather than singularly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00341
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    Resources, Knowledge and Influence: The Organizational Effects of Interorganizational Collaboration* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Inter-organizational collaboration has been linked to a range of important outcomes for collaborating organizations. The strategy literature emphasizes the way in which collaboration between organizations results in the sharing of critical resources and facilitates knowledge transfer. The learning literature argues that collaboration not only transfers existing knowledge among organizations, but also facilitates the creation of new knowledge and produce synergistic solutions. Finally, research on networks and interorganizational politics suggests that collaboration can help organizations achieve a more central and influential position in relation to other organizations. While these effects have been identified and discussed at some length, little attention has been paid to the relationship between them and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study that examines the relationship between the effects of interorganizational collaboration and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. Based on our study of the collaborative activities of a small, nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Palestine over a four-year period, we argue that two dimensions of collaboration – embeddedness and involvement – determine the potential of a collaboration to produce one or more of these effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00342
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    Sensemaking on the Shop Floor: Narratives of Knowledge in Organizations* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the role of narratives in organizational inquiry and knowledge work. Following the tenets of the phenomenological method, the paper digs into the ‘life world’ of organizations in order to capture the taken for granted stream of everyday routines, interaction, and events that constitute both individual and social practices. An empirical case study examines the narrative-based processes of sensemaking and knowledge acquisition in the setting of a traditional pressing plant at Fiat Auto, Italy. The focus of analysis is on how a best performing team engages in the resolution of disruptive occurrences on the shop floor. Through the deconstruction of narratives underlying problem-solving activities, the case identifies a distinctive mode of investigation conceptualized as ‘detective stories’. The detective's method highlights the interplay between time and narrative in shaping the interconnected processes of organizational knowledge creation, utilization, and institutionalization. More generally, the findings of the paper stress the importance of conjectural knowledge and common-sensical wisdom in the everyday life of organizations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00343
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    Toggling with Taylor: A Different Approach to Reading a Management Text* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper identifies influential, but previously unrecognized, subtexts in the writings of Frederick Winslow Taylor. Working with analytical methods developed from reader-response theories of literary criticism, we look at the words of the text as we share the standard meaning-making of the management community, as well as through the words of the text searching out the worldview that emerges from our particular reading of the subtext. We have described our approach to reading as ‘toggling’: that is, switching between reading text ‘rhetorically’ and reading it ‘philosophically’. We conclude that reader identification with textual voices may appear in philosophical as well as rhetorical reading outcomes – that Taylor's text may inveigle readers into accepting a moral worldview wrapped up in a seemingly rational argument – and that ‘toggling’ would empower management theory readers.
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    Internal Market Failure: A Framework for Diagnosing Firm Inefficiency* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The theory of market and government failure can be used to diagnose inefficiency within firms and to identify strategies to deal with these problems. Internal market failures (IMFs) – internal public good problems, internal negative and positive externalities, internal information asymmetries, internal monopolies, the presence of uncertainty – create inefficiencies within firms just as they do in normal markets. As well, self-interested behaviour by executives and internal interest groups (rent-seeking) are analogous to government, or governance, failures (IGFs). Associated with many of these internal market failure problems are generic solutions that can usefully inform executives in their efforts to improve efficiency within the firm. Internal governance failures, in contrast, normally require action by shareholders and boards of directors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00346
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    The Visible Hands of Hierarchy within the M-Form: An Empirical Test of Corporate Parenting of Internal Product Exchanges* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, we dismiss the traditional contingency argument that corporate staff should have minimal involvement with the decisions that its divisions make, because predictability, which underlies this contingency logic, is erroneous for most large corporations at this time. We offer an alternative theory of corporate involvement for the M-form: under unpredictable environments greater interdependence of corporate staff with divisional operating decisions may be necessary to create value for the corporation. Since corporate staff cannot be involved in all divisional affairs, we empirically explore when corporate involvement is most likely. Building on transaction cost economics and the strategy literature, we reason that corporate staff may selectively involve itself in business level strategy and operating decisions when product characteristics signal threats to effective inter-divisional coordination as well as opportunities for value creation. To explore this topic, we surveyed corporate managers of Fortune 500 companies. The results suggest some initial support for our theoretical argument: corporate staff is more likely to involve itself in business-level decisions for uncertain products. We further find that when corporate staff is responsible for the capital investments used for the divisional venture, it is more likely to guide and influence product strategy decisions and inter-divisional conflicts. We do not find, however, consistent evidence that specialized assets or brand-name reputation trigger corporate involvement. Implications and limitations are further discussed.
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    Post-Acquisition Restructuring as Evolutionary Process* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The transformation and integration of acquired businesses is subject to tensions between implementing radical change to match the strategy and corporate culture of the acquirer, and promoting what is valuable in resources and cultural attributes in the acquired organization. Analysts’ disagreement arises from different conceptualizations of the nature of resources. We present an evolutionary perspective that demonstrates not only the merits of competitive selection, but of local adaptation of transferred resources and of stimulating the development of local ones.Evidence from 18 original case studies in Hungary and East Germany shows that a defensive focus on short-term efficiency, i.e. downsizing, may fail to realize the long-term potential of the organization. Acquirers supporting an evolutionary development of their new subsidiary by providing autonomy and complementary resources might well have to tolerate some slack in the short run, but may realize more of the potential contributions of the acquired assets in the long run.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00347
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    The Organization of Marketing: A Study of Decentralized, Devolved and Dispersed Marketing Activity* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite a priority research grading by the Marketing Science Institute, the issue of marketing organization is bewilderingly under explored. Whilst advances have been made in conceptualizing marketing organization in networks of large trans-national corporations, recent research has highlighted the paucity of empirical work into the intra-firm dispersion of marketing activities. This study is designed to examine just this issue. The aim is to develop data-grounded insights into the organization and dispersion of marketing activities. A case study finds an unusual form of marketing organization. This form of marketing organization is characterized by the decentralization, devolution and dispersion of community-oriented marketing management activities driven by empowered operational-level part-time-marketers who either adopt a traditional mix-management approach or more rarely a relational approach. These findings lead to a range of interesting implications for theorists and practitioners.
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    Environmental Uncertainty and Product–Process Life Cycles: A Multi-level Interpretation of Change Over Time (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Product-process life cycle models are often used to describe long-term change in organizations. Such models generally assume a deterministic trajectory of long-run industry evolution and production core transformation that lead to standardization over time. Typical interpretations of these models do not explain the short and intermediate term choices and competitive dynamics that lead to the longer-term changes, or explain viable ‘off-trajectory’ positions and post-stabilization complications that can arise. In this paper, we use multiple theory streams to augment discussions of product-process life cycle models in ways that allow interpretation of the role of uncertainty and management decision-making for the typical trajectory of standardization as well as off-trajectory and post-standardization phases.
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    Call for Papers (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Executives’ Orientations as Indicators of Crisis Management Policies and Practices* (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper examines effects of executives’ orientations on crisis management awareness and practices, drawing on the simplicity and paradox management theories. It is suggested that a focus on single-sided management constitutes an antecedent of crisis proneness. Employing a set of key corporate domains and based on a holistic organizational approach, the study aims at assessing the extent to which companies are crisis prone or prepared. In a sample of 82 Istaeli business and not-for-profit organizations it was found that human resource management, strategy, structure, and unlearning factors significantly predicted crisis preparedness. These results suggest that unlearning, despite a mere allusion to this correlate in the simplicity and paradox management theories, correlates better with crisis preparedness. By contrast, traditional strategy-related and structural effects were marginally related to crisis management policies. Implications and suggestions for further research are proposed.
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    Rational Speculative Bubbles: An Empirical Investigation of the London Stock Exchange (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years, a sharp divergence of London Stock Exchange equity prices from dividends has been noted. In this paper, we examine whether this divergence can be explained by reference to the existence of a speculative bubble. Three different empirical methodologies are used: variance bounds tests, bubble specification tests, and cointegration tests based on both ex post and ex ante data. We find that, stock prices diverged significantly from their fundamental values during the late 1990's, and that this divergence has all the characteristics of a bubble.
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    Utility Functions whose Parameters depend on Initial Wealth (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conventional one-period utility functions in Economics assume that initial wealth only enters preferences through the definition of final wealth. Consequently, those utility functions most utilized (i.e., exponential and quadratic) have implausible risk characteristics. The authors characterize a new class of utility function whose risk parameters depend upon initial wealth and obtain several desirable results. In particular, investors with quadratic and exponential utility functions can have decreasing risk aversion, and risky assets in a quadratic utility multi-asset environment do not have to be inferior as implied by the traditional framework.
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    Luenberger and Malmquist Productivity Indices: Theoretical Comparisons and Empirical Illustration (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This contribution establishes, from a theoretical viewpoint, the relations between the Malmquist productivity indices, that measure in either input or output orientations, and the Luenberger productivity indices, that can simultaneously contract inputs and expand outputs, but that can also measure in either input or output orientations. The main result is that a Malmquist productivity index overestimates productivity changes, since it provides productivity measures that are nearly twice those given by the Luenberger productivity index looking for simultaneous contractions of inputs and expansions of outputs. This relationship is empirically illustrated using data from 20 OECD countries over the 1974–97 period.
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    Policy Rules and Monetarist Arithmetic (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This note demonstrates the existence of an important equilibrium path overlooked in the literature on monetarist arithmetic. Pleasant monetarist arithmetic is possible when the interest-elasticity of money demand exceeds unity. In this case, tight money may lead to a transitory increase in seigniorage, the retirement of government debt, and lower inflation in both the short run and the long run. The set of equilibrium paths is sensitive, however, to the form of the policy rule. Pleasant monetarist arithmetic is not an equilibrium if the policy rule fixes the share of the fiscal deficit financed by seigniorage. Both pleasant monetarist arithmetic and the tight-money paradox are equilibrium paths when the government's commitment to low money growth is conditional on inflation remaining below its previous level.
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    Enrolment in Higher Education and Changes in Income Inequality (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using a cross-section of countries, this paper empirically examines whether greater enrolment rates in higher education are associated with increases or decreases in subsequent income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. It finds a negative association between the two, suggesting that countries with larger enrolment rates saw their income inequality decrease relative to other countries. These findings are robust to the inclusion of several control variables and to limiting the sample to non-OECD countries.
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    Stackelberg Mixed Duopoly with a Foreign Competitor (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We investigate Stackelberg mixed duopoly models where a state-owned public firm and a foreign private firm compete. We examine a desirable role (either leader or follower) of the public firm. We also consider endogenous roles by adopting the observable delay game of Hamilton and Slutsky (1990). We find that, in contrast to Pal (1998) discussing a case of domestic competitors, the public firm should be the leader and that it becomes the leader in the endogenous role game. We also find that in contrast to Ono (1990) eliminating a foreign firm does not improve domestic welfare in mixed oligopolies.
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    Forward Markets and the Behaviour of the Competitive Firm with Production Flexibility (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the production and hedging decisions of the competitive firm under output price uncertainty when a forward market for its output is available. The firm possesses production flexibility in that it makes its production decision after the resolution of the output price uncertainty, albeit subject to a capacity constraint on production. We show that the firm optimally acquires a higher level of capacity investment than an otherwise identical firm with no production flexibility. We further show that production flexibility allows the firm to implicitly hedge against its output price risk exposure by the ex post production decision. The firm as such under-hedges its output price risk exposure in the forward market wherein the forward price contains a non-positive risk premium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00177
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    Domestic and Foreign Sales When Prices in Both Markets are Uncertain (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper obtains comparative static results for a firm that sells a single output domestically and abroad when prices in both markets are uncertain. Results are obtained for both constant absolute risk aversion and for Ross decreasing absolute risk aversion, using a diagrammatic analysis which exploits the properties of expected marginal utility contours. The results depend crucially on whether foreign and domestic sales are net substitutes or complements. The model is more complex and yields fewer unambiguous results – particularly in the case of substitutes – than when there is price uncertainty in only one market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00166
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    Decomposition of Net Final Values: Systemic Value Added and Residual Income (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes a model aiming at decomposing the Net Final Value of a project under certainty. It makes use of a systemic outlook: the investor's net worth is regarded as a dynamic system whose structure changes over time. On this basis, a profitability index is presented, here named Systemic Value Added (SVA), which lends itself to a periodic decomposition: the periodic shares formally translate the economic concept of residual income (or excess profit). While as an overall index the Systemic Value Added coincides with the Net Final Value (NFV) of an investment, the systemic partition of a SVA is shown to differ from the NFV decomposition model proposed by Peccati (1987, 1991, 1992), which in turn bears a strong resemblance to Stewart's (1991) EVA model. The SVA model and the NFV–based model bear interesting relations: by introducing the concept of a shadow project the SVA model can be re–shaped so that the decomposition of the SVA can be accomplished by applying Peccati's argument to the shadow project, or, which is the same, by computing the shadow project's Economic Value Added. The paper then generalizes the approach allowing for a portfolio of projects, multiple debts and multiple synchronic opportunity costs of capital, for which a tetra–dimensional decomposition is easily obtained.
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    The Game Take–or–Play: A Paradox of Rationality in Simultaneous Move Games (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We show that paradoxical conclusions similar to those emerging from reasonings of backward induction can arise also in simultaneous move games with incomplete information.In a static setting, these paradoxes are particularly puzzling, because the usual attempts to avoid the backward induction solution do not work.In a dynamic setting, there is a way out of the paradoxes, which hinges on a (possibly endogenous) uncertainty over the past behaviour of the players and does not call for a long time–horizon.
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    On the Uniqueness of the Welfare–maximizing Number of Firms Under Cournot Oligopoly (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Under Cournot oligopoly with a homogeneous product, we present a sufficient condition that guarantees the uniqueness of the welfare–maximizing number of firms to attain the global maximum level of welfare by implementation of a piecemeal policy changing the number of firms gradually. We adopt Selten's (1973) ‘fitting–in function’ method, which relates an individual firm's output to an industry's output. When the number of firms is unique, then introducing a lump–sum profit tax (subsidy) can attain the optimal level of welfare. Indirect entry regulation is superior to direct entry regulation from the standpoint of welfare if each entrant engages in rent–seeking activities.
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    Imperfect Tax Compliance and the Optimal Provision of Public Goods (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Our aim in this paper is to investigate whether the presence of imperfect income tax compliance affects the optimal provision of public goods within a framework in which public expenditure is financed by a general income tax that also accomplishes redistributive goals. We first derive the income tax structure, and then a generalized Samuelson rule. We argue that, under imperfect income tax compliance, it is desirable to distort public–good supply downwards, in the sense that the sum of marginal rates of substitution between public and private consumption must exceed their marginal rate of transformation.
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    Indirect Re–employment Wage Discrimination (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper looks at unemployed individuals and investigates wage differences generated by re–employment selection. It shows that discriminatory re–employment selection can result, indirectly, in discriminatory re–employment pay. A Heckman two–stage selection model is combined with an extension of Gomulka–Stern non–linear decompositions to explain how re–employment selection generates indirect discrimination. The paper uses data from pre–unification Germany in the late 1980s and finds that female human capital suffers more from unemployment and that the market is harsher to males for becoming unemployed. New policies should encourage a regime where the hiring process is more transparent and hiring decisions are monitored on a regular basis.
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    Monetary Policy Delegation, Contract Costs and Contract Targets (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We reconsider the optimal central banker contract derived in Walsh (1995). We show that if the government's objective function places weight (value) on the cost of the contract, then the optimal inflation contract does not completely neutralize the inflation bias. Furthermore, the more concerned the government is about the cost of the contract or the less selfish is the central banker, the smaller is the share of the inflation bias eliminated by the contract. Finally, a central banker contract written in terms of output can completely eradicate the inflationary bias, regardless of concerns about contract costs.
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    A Note on the High–quality Advantage in Vertical Differentiation Models (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 55 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is well established in vertical product differentiation models that the high–quality firm reaps a larger profit in a two–stage quality–price game as long as the cost of quality improvement is zero or is borne as fixed cost in the first stage quality choice. This note shows that the high–quality advantage may fail to hold if there is variable cost of production that is dependent on quality.
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    An exploratory comparison of the management of innovation in the New and Old economies (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses a combination of grounded theorising and exploratory quantitative analysis to compare the patterns of organising and managing innovation in the New and Old Economies. The results show that firms in the NE put in place structures and processes that give the R&D function a more strategic position, link it directly to customers and accelerate innovation throughput inside the firm.
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    Shifting the goal posts for design management in capital goods projects: ‘design for maintainability’ (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 33 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Two case studies of capital goods projects, both of which were faced with new forms of demand for their products, are reported in this paper. In both cases, the contracting organisations involved were adjusting to new customer requirements for the long-term provision of the services associated with the capital goods they normally produced, rather than for the capital goods themselves. While both contracting organisations recognised the need to re-focus their equipment design efforts, to reflect the need for long-term service reliability (both contracting organisations were tied to penalties associated with agreed service levels), they nevertheless responded differently to this challenge, and their differing responses reflected the differing natures of the extended networks which comprised both projects and the organisational architectures in which the projects were themselves embedded. The paper explores the differing opportunities and barriers to the management of design in complex projects presented by these two case studies. In so doing it points to the conclusion that successful design management in complex projects can depend upon the successful management of the (multiple) contexts in which design takes place.
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    Globalization, E-economy, and Transport (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00226.x
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    Some Micro-Evidence on the “Porter Hypothesis” from Austrian VOC Emission Standards (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents some micro-evidence relevant to the “Porter Hypothesis” on the techno-economic consequences of Austrian Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission standards, the most restrictive of their kind in the world. Using firm-level survey data and complementing it with highly disaggregated foreign trade data, the paper explores whether the standards had a palpable impact on the competitiveness of Austrian manufacturers of paints, coatings, printing inks, and adhesives, whether compliance stimulated innovation in this industry, whether the standards crowded out other, more productive Research and Development (R&D), and whether compliance efforts gave rise to unexpected benefits of compliance. It finds no unequivocal aggregate impact on the competitiveness of regulated firms, yet does find some interesting variation with firm size. Moreover, the standards appear to have dampened import competition. The standards gave rise to considerable changes in firms’ product range and appear to have accelerated the rate of product innovation in the regulated industry. R&D spending to develop compliant products is found to be very unevenly distributed, mainly due to technological and, to a lesser extent, organizational factors. There is evidence that compliance efforts displaced or postponed existing R&D projects. However, there is also evidence that search for compliant products yielded unexpected and beneficial ideas, knowledge, and competencies.
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    Are Hispanic Immigrants in English-Only States at a Homeownership Disadvantage? Evidence from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Utilizing data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. census, this study investigates whether the passage of official-English legislation at the state level during the 1980s affected the housing acquisition of foreign-born Hispanics. The results suggest that both limited-English-proficient (LEP) and English-fluent Hispanic immigrants who resided in states that passed English-only legislation were less likely to acquire a home during the 1980s compared to their counterparts in other areas. Consistent with economic theory, however, the group that seemed to be most affected included older LEP residents. One explanation for these findings is that the official-English legislation mirrored growing xenophobia against foreign-born Hispanics, resulting in additional social stratification on the basis of ethnicity in housing markets.
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    Mergers and Acquisitions in the Telecommunications Industry (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The 1990s witnessed an enormous wave of mergers and acquisitions dramatically reconfigure the market structure of global telecommunications. In Europe and the U.S., telecommunications firms have steadily consolidated into a shrinking pool of providers, rapidly oligopolizing the industry. This paper reviews the number and size of mergers and acquisitions globally in the 1990s and charts the national patterns of purchasers and target firms, noting the overwhelming hegemony of American corporations. The reasons behind this process include globalization, deregulation, the convergence of digital technologies, the search for economies of scale and scope, and U.S. corporate tax laws. It also points to the impacts of this oligopolization on consumer prices, labor, equity of access to telecommunications services, and the political and cultural repercussions of increasingly concentrated ownership.
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    Mark C. Berger (1955-2003) (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Does Public Lands Policy Affect Local Wage Growth? (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The effects on wage growth of management practices applied on public lands in the Northern Forest region of the United States are quantified. A central objective is to determine if the management of public lands for preservationist uses results in lower average wages. This is a frequent claim made by critics of land preservation who argue that preservationist management, by prohibiting resource extraction, causes the composition of employment to shift from high-wage jobs in resource-based manufacturing to low-wage jobs in the service sector. A model of simultaneous employment and net migration growth is estimated with data on non-metropolitan counties over the period 1990 to 1999 and applied in a recursive relationship to wage growth. In earlier studies, models of this type have typically been specified in levels. Time-series evidence that supports a preference for growth rates is provided as the form for such models. Exogenous variables in this model include the 1990 shares of the county land base that are publicly owned and managed for preservationist (non-extractive) uses and multiple (including extractive) uses. It was found that wage growth rates are not significantly affected by the shares of land under either management regime. As well, recent declines in national forest timber sales are found to have no effect on wage growth.
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    Book Review (2003)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Constantinos I. Chlomoudis and Athanasios A. Pallis, European Union Port Policy: The Movement Towards A Long Term Strategy
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    Editorial (2003)
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    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Commentary: E-collectivism and distributed discourse: new opportunities for trade union democracy (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The polyphonic spree: the case of the Liverpool Dockers (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the possibilities opened up for Trade Unions by the internet age. The paper analyses forms of resistance, their preconditions and organisational backgrounds. It is argued that polyphonic organisation and, closely linked, new organisational forms, provide a strong basis for power relations and strategies of resistance. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the dispute between the Dockers of Liverpool and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. Contextualising the evolving issue in the broader picture of trade union crisis and renewal, the case study is theorised using linguistically informed approaches to management and organisation theory. Introducing these theoretical developments, the potential of new organisational forms for power relations and resistance are elaborated.
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    Surveillance, electronic communications technologies and regulation (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The literature on workplace electronic surveillance is dominated by abstract theoretical discussions, while the limited empirical study of surveillance has been confined to manufacturing. This paper offers a corrective firstly by locating surveillance in its legal context, and secondly by considering surveillant practices in complex, professional and high-value organisational settings.
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    Possibilities for remote participation in trade unions: mobilising women activists (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper argues that trade union activism within the new era of information and communication technologies (ICTs) offers the potential for unions to become more inclusive of under-represented groups. Traditional conceptions of activism, participation and democracy within trade unions require physical presence at meetings at times and in spaces incompatible with caring responsibilities and atypical hours of work. This restricts the participation of women and other ‘atypical’ workers in trade unions. The paper explores the complexities of electronic forms of union activism in practice, indicating that while some positive features are experienced, there are also a range of obstacles, barriers and possible negative consequences.
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    Books received (2003)
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    Topics: Economics
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    Useful and interesting websites (2003)
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    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    New communication systems and trade union politics: a case study of Spanish trade unions and the role of the internet (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article shows how engagement with the internet and aspects of the new economy/society require an appreciation of union difference and politics. It shows how union responses vary due to four factors: communication strategies, union identity, forms of internal democracy and a range of organisational and social contingencies. The article will study the phenomena of the internet in the context of one national case study, Spain. It is a country that allows us to view the political dimensions of the internet, and the way they link to communication strategies, due to the manner in which the labour movement has transformed and modernised itself. It is also of interest because methods of communication have been at the heart of the way in which unions have developed and differentiated themselves. This article will argue that a greater sensitivity is required in terms of union history, politics and identity if the impact and use of new forms of communication are to be fully appreciated. It also points to the need to appreciate tensions between different forms of communication.
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    Book reviews (2003)
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    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Rachel Gibson and Stephen Ward (eds.), Reinvigorating Democracy? British Politics and the InternetFrank Webster (ed.), Culture and Politics in the Information Age: A New Politics?B. Wellman and C. Haythornthwaite (eds.), The Internet in Everyday LifeSteve Woolgar (ed.), Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality
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    Editorial (2003)
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    Topics: Economics
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    Dons, dockers and miners alike … industrial relations and the IRJ, 1970–2002 (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    All benchmarkers now? Benchmarking and the ‘Europeanisation’ of industrial relations (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Rather than legal enactment and collective bargaining being the main engines of the ‘Europeanisation’ of industrial relations, benchmarking and ‘soft’ forms of regulation are increasingly to the fore. This article traces the origins of benchmarking from management tool to regulatory instrument, in particular analysing its functioning at the levels of the Euro–company, Euro–sector and the Community itself. Without better processes, better data and better implementation, the paper concludes, benchmarking is likely to prove no more effective a means of co–ordination than the traditional Community method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00256
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    Union organising in ‘Big Blue's backyard (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article considers the effectiveness of recruitment and organising approaches during ISTC's successful recognition campaign at FCI Ltd, focussing in particular on the role of ‘shadow stewards’. The case study illustrates the positive impact of innovative grassroots campaigning associated with the organising model. However, it also highlights the real difficulties facing key union players in transforming successful recruitment and recognition into effective workplace representation and robust trade unionism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00258
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  • 80
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    E-commerce, Transportation, and Economic Geography (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores possible ways in which growth in Internet retailing (e-retailing) may affect the spatial distribution of economic activities. After a brief overview of e-retailing, a categorization of possible spatial impacts is introduced. These include impacts on the retail industry, such as substitution of e-retail for brick-and-mortar retail, impacts on transportation, such as substitution of freight transportation for personal transportation in goods delivery, and pervasive impacts that affect the whole economy. The latter category includes uniform delivered pricing, spatial leveling of accessibility, and marketing strategies that target individuals rather than regions. The question of whether e-retailing and brick-and-mortar retailing are truly substitutes is taken up in the next section, along with potential implications of multi-channel retailing. The final section of the paper defines some critical research directions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00228.x
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    Emerging Global Logistics Networks: Implications for Transport Systems and Policies (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Logistics chains are constantly changing to facilitate increasingly global movements. In qualitative terms, long term trends in logistics services indicate a growing degree of product customization and an increased responsiveness in order delivery. These trends impact on the development of technology and the growth of welfare in different world regions in different ways. This paper drafts a research agenda which will help to improve understanding of the interrelationships between trade, logistics, transport, and regional development at a global scale. Rather than being an exhaustive or detailed inventory of trends, the paper provides a focus on “supply chain by thinking.” The key starting point is the need for more and more efficient transportation and sophisticated logistics processes. Three subjects are treated: First, the strategic implications of borderless supply chain management on the choice of alternative logistics structures in supply chains are considered; second, the possible impacts of the expected changes in supply chain processes upon regional economic activities are examined; third, the impacts of changes in global logistic processes on the transportation system and, in turn, on the environment are explored. This discussion leads to the identification of some new research challenges in the field of transportation and logistics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00230.x
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  • 82
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    ICT and Sustainable Mobility: From Impacts to Policy (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The question “Will using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems enable a more sustainable mobility?” is answered through analyzing current ICT policy in the EU and the United States of America (USA), through developing a conceptual model to structure the expected direct and indirect effects of ICT systems on mobility, and through building models for three selected ICT systems to estimate their quantitative effects on mobility. Based on the models, ICT systems seem to have limited mobility reduction potential (in terms of CO2 emissions and kilometer savings). On the short term, because of efficiency gains, ICT systems have a positive impact. In the long term, better quality of mobility will attract new demand and this will again result in an increase of travel. For policymakers this implies that ICT systems in the short run can make mobility more efficient. In the long run, to prevent the more efficient mobility from attracting new traffic, the implementation of any ICT system should be accompanied by a stronger pricing policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00231.x
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    The Onset of Health Problems and the Propensity of Workers to Change Employers and Occupations (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Although many studies have investigated how poor health affects hours of work and labor force participation, few have examined the extent to which individuals adapt in order to remain in the labor market. Individuals experiencing health problems may move to different types of work in order to remain in the labor force or to reduce the negative labor market consequences of illness. This paper investigates the movement between employers, and among occupation categories when changing employers, using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). One advantage of the HRS is that its questions on life-cycle employment and health patterns permit a long-term perspective on job mobility that is unavailable in most other datasets. Workers with health problems are more likely than healthy workers to remain with their current employer than to switch employers. But among those who switch employers, those with health problems are more likely to change broad occupational categories than are healthy workers. While many individuals remain with the same employer after the onset of health problems, many do switch employers and occupations, even in the presence of ADA legislation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00219
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  • 84
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    Property Values in a Low Populated Area when Dual Noxious Facilities are Present (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines how the presence of dual, disparate environmental disamenities located near each other impact property values in a semi-rural area. A heavy metals manufacturing facility and a rubber-compounding factory operate two and one half miles apart in a small community. The heavy metals manufacturing facility uses low-level depleted uranium in its production. The level of production is small and the production process does not emit visible air pollution or odors that can be easily identified. Thus, if the surrounding community negatively perceives a potential risk, it is not through the channels of sight or smell. The rubber-compounding factory emits foul odors and some visible air pollution. Thus, its negative externalities and potential risks are easily perceptible. Using the hedonic price technique, this paper examines the impact of the use of a non-perceptible hazardous material in the production of a good on housing prices in a community when another more visible, noxious facility is present. The results show that noticeable disamenities are capitalized into housing values, while non-visible ones are not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00222
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    The E-economy and the Rise of Technocapitalism: Networks, Firms, and Transportation (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The e-economy is part of a larger phenomenon, technocapitalism, that is transforming business organizations and the ways in which they transact, produce, and ship their goods. Technocapitalism is an evolution of market capitalism that is rooted in technological innovation and supported by such intangibles as creativity and knowledge. This paper considers first the main characteristics of networks that support the e-economy and its source phenomenon, the emergence of technocapitalism. Networks are thought to be the main vehicle through which the e-economy spreads, and they have major effects on the organization of business firms. The culture of technocapitalism, with its emphasis on continuous innovation and rapid adjustment, is largely behind the rising importance of networks. A second section then considers the deconstruction of business firms and its relation to networks, the e-economy, and the rise of technocapitalism. A historical perspective is provided to show the contrast with previous eras. The deconstruction of business organizations involves a major transformation of the norms and ways in which firms are run and structured. Finally, the likely implications for transportation and shipping of the rise of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms are discussed. The logistics, pricing, and infrastructure of shipping are likely to be substantially affected by the spread of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00227.x
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    Index to Volume 34 (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00234.x
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    The Agglomeration Dilemma: “Should I Stay or Should I Go?” (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a critical survey of some recent developments in the theory of international trade. Particular emphasis is given to the role of increasing returns to scale and labor mobility in shaping the pattern of industrial location across integrating countries. The goal is to review and discuss the novel insights and predictions of the so-called “new” theories in order to pose and stimulate avenues for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00218
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    Jobs, Houses, and Trees: Changing Regional Structure, Local Land-Use Patterns, and Forest Cover in Southern Indiana (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Land-use and -cover change is a topic of increasing concern as interest in forest and agricultural land preservation grows. Urban and residential land use is quickly replacing extractive land use in southern Indiana. The interaction between land quality and urban growth pressures is also causing secondary forest growth and forest clearing to occur jointly in a complex spatial pattern. It is argued that similar processes fuel the abandonment of agricultural land leading to private forest regrowth, changes in topography and land quality, and declining real farm product prices. However, the impact of urban growth and development on forests depends more strongly on changes in both the residential housing and labor markets. Using location quotient analysis of aggregate employment patterns, and the relationship between regional labor market changes, the extent of private forest cover was examined from 1967 to 1998. Then an econometric model of land-use shares in forty southern Indiana counties was developed based on the net benefits to agriculture, forestland, and urban uses. To test the need to control explicitly for changes in residential demand and regional economic structure, a series of nested models was estimated. Some evidence was found that changing agricultural profitability is leading to private forest regrowth. It was also uncovered that the ratio of urban to forest land uses is better explained by incorporating measures of residential land value and industrial concentration than simply considering population density alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00220
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    Transitions at Growth and Change (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00225
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    Alliances, Networks and Competitive Strategy: Rethinking Clusters of Innovation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Networks of interaction have assumed particular significance in recent years because of their presumed importance for learning and innovation. Alliances between related firms are thought to encourage interactive learning between participating organizations through the sharing of knowledge and information, which is itself facilitated through trust, shared values and ways of working. The vast body of literature that has emerged is, however, incredibly fragmented, encompassing an array of theoretical positions and perspectives. This paper focuses upon two issues which are believed to be of particular significance and which need clarification in order to move to a clearer understanding of the ways in which networks of interaction evolve, and of their capabilities and limitations in relation to economic performance and competitiveness: (1) the importance of network structure, arguing that innovative activity requires flexibility with regard to network formation. (2) The role of geography in relation to the construction and functioning of alliances. It is the contention here that networks are likely to be increasingly international in scope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00196
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    Errata (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00202
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    Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The capabilities of central office (CO) telephone switches in four southeastern states (Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee) provide detail on spatial variation in telecommunications technologies. A proposed six-level hierarchy of switch capability was used. Switches with digital capability are concentrated disproportionately in metropolitan areas, largely in response to larger numbers of business establishments. The overall picture in the Southeast is one of tremendous variation—variation across states and variation within the four states being studied. Rural (nonmetro) counties generally, but not always, have both fewer switches overall and fewer switches with digital capability. North Carolina and Tennessee, the two most urban of the four states, also have seen the greatest entry by new telecommunications competitors. These two states have the largest percentages of advanced (digital) switches in both metro and rural counties. At the county level, the number of switches is primarily a function of a county's population but, even more significantly in three states, of the number of business establishments in the county. On the whole, it is residents of metropolitan—not rural—areas who are most likely to be served by newer forms of digital telecommunications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00201
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    Workplace partnership and the displaced activist thesis (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Advocates and critics of partnership have advanced a series of theoretical arguments in respect of the potential consequences for unions working under partnership arrangements. These include centralised decision–making and the alienation of lay activists. In the case study examined here partnership involved centralised decision–making, but this did not result in serious conflicts or lead to the rejection of joint arrangements. We argue for a theoretical approach focusing on the contingencies that shape relations between union officers and lay activists under partnership.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00257
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    Rated to exhaustion? Reactions to performance appraisal processes (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Performance appraisal systems are a popular tool within organisations to enhance employee commitment and productivity. This paper examines the consequences of three aspects of a performance appraisal system (distributive justice, procedural justice and the performance rating) on the level of emotional exhaustion reported by employees in a large public sector research organisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00259
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    Engaged in battle: exploring the sources of workplace union militancy at Royal Mail (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Sources of workplace union militancy at Royal Mail (UK) are examined in relation to four particular management initiatives in the late 1980s and 1990s. The wider industrial relations context and balance of power are emphasised and an assessment is made of the relative contribution of union leadership to workplace militancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00260
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    Trait Perception in the Employment Interview: A Five–Factor Model Perspective (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this article was to examine interviewers’ perceptions of applicant personality and to assess how these personality perceptions were related to employment recommendations. In a field setting, personality adjectives spontaneously written down by eight interviewers and referring to 720 applicants were analyzed. The AB5C model (Hofstee, De Raad and Goldberg, 1992) was used to classify the adjectives and determine the applicants’ personality profile scores. The results showed that interviewers used descriptors referring to all five personality dimensions, with a preference for extraversion and agreeableness. Relationships were found between employment recommendations and three dimensions: emotional stability, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. Interviewers, however, differed in judgment standards and in the weights they assigned to trait perceptions when deciding on applicant hirability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00225
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    A Practical Procedure to Estimate the Quality and the Adverse Impact of Single–Stage Selection Decisions (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The quandary posed by the conflicting goals of valid selection and a diverse workforce is one of the most perplexing problems facing the practice of personnel selection today. To help address the issue, the article presents a comprehensive method and a related computer program to estimate the expected adverse impact and the expected quality of the majority, the minority and the total selected work force. Compared to previous related procedures, the present method is much more general as it can address situations with both multiple predictor and multiple criterion dimensions. In addition, the expected effects can be computed given the overall selection ratio and the estimates are derived analytically and, hence, are accurate. To assist the selection practitioner, the method is made available as a free download from the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00229
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    Applicant Perceptions of Selection Procedures: The Role of Selection Information, Belief in Tests, and Comparative Anxiety (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study addresses the effects of the provision of information on the reliability and validity of selection procedures and the effects of test–taker attitudes (i.e., belief in tests and comparative anxiety) on fairness perceptions. Prior to an actual selection process, applicants (N= 118) were given either information about the reliability and validity of various selection procedures or no information. Next, they evaluated the fairness of eight selection procedures. No significant effect of selection information was found. Belief in tests had significant effects, with applicants high on test belief giving higher fairness ratings than applicants low on test belief. In addition, an interaction effect between test belief and selection procedure was found. For example, test belief had larger effects on fairness for structured interviews, personality inventories, and cognitive ability tests. No significant effect of comparative anxiety on fairness was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00227
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    Call for Papers (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00232
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    Impacts of IT Advances and E-commerce on Transportation in Producer Services (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Producer services have been among the most rapidly growing industries, as measured by employment, in the United States and in Europe in recent decades. The production and delivery of these specialized forms of service industry work require the use of transportation and communications systems in a variety of ways, including the physical movement of people working in these industries, as well as the movement of the information related to the production and distribution of their work. Some of this work is performed in localized markets, requiring travel between clients and suppliers in local transportation modes, such as auto, bus, or other types of transportation. Other work is done by specialists who travel interregionally and globally to do their work, primarily traveling to their clients. There is little knowledge of how these production relationships have changed with the advent of the Internet and the widespread use of e-mail in the business production process. Within the framework of this STELLA initiative, this paper outlines research needs in this area, and frames an approach that would produce badly needed knowledge about impacts on the producer services of the Internet and related e-commerce initiatives on physical transportation systems at a local to interregional scale.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00229.x
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