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  • Other Sources  (52)
  • Springer  (49)
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  • 2001  (52)
  • 1
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    Naturkatastrophen: Vulkane, Beben, Wirbelstürme - Entfesselte Gewalten und ihre Folgen (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 27, no. 16, pp. 48-55, (ISBN: 3540148477)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami(s) ; storms ; floods ; Volcanology ; radioactivity ; waste ; disposal ; CDROM ; Erdbeben ; teaching ; learning ; Earthquake hazard
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 409 (6821). pp. 698-701.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum—marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments—appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.
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  • 3
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    Modern Ocean Current-Controlled Sediment Transport in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Northern North Atlantic : a changing environment. , ed. by Schäfer, P., Ritzrau, W., Schlüter, M. and Thiede, J. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 135-154.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: Sediment transport processes in the northern North Atlantic have been investigated on the basis of various numerical models. A general circulation model has been used to investigate large-scale particle transport, a reduced gravity plume model has been used to investigate particle transport by cascading from the shelves into the deep basins, an ocean slice model has been used to investigate particle exchange processes between a bottom current and the ambient water mass, and a Bottom Boundary Layer model has been used to investigate particle interactions influencing the settling behavior of suspended particles. In this paper, the various processes investigated in these models are described (i) schematically, (ii) on the basis of field data, if available, and (iii) by employing results from numerical simulations. In a first attempt the northern North Atlantic will be divided into separate process defined areas, which can be used in carbon budgeting, for example.
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  • 4
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    The anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. , ed. by Boone, D. R. and Castenholz, R. W. Springer, New York, pp. 631-637. 2
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Symptoms and serum precipitins in workers exposed to dry sausage mould: consequences of exposure to sausage mould (2001)
    Springer
    In:  International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 74 (5). pp. 371-374.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-28
    Description: Objective: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to dry sausage mould has been reported in workers who brush off the excess mould which coats dry sausage. Prevalence of symptoms and sensitization to mould among these pork-butchery workers is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical, radiographic, functional, and immunological features in exposed and non-exposed workers in semi-industrial pork butcheries. Patients and methods: Symptoms, and serum precipitins against mould extracts, were studied in workers in semi-industrial pork butcheries. Of 600 workers asked to participate, 123 (20.5%) were included. Fifty-nine workers, exposed to dry (raw) sausage mould and Penicillium nalgiovense were compared with 64 non-exposed subjects, for symptoms, chest X-rays, spirometry and CO-transfer measurements. Precipitating antibodies were detected by immunoelectrophoresis and electrosyneresis. Results: Sneezing, cough, dyspnoea, nasal obstruction, headache, and discomfort were significantly more frequent in the exposed group at work and after work than in the control group (P 〈 0.05). The prevalence of precipitating antibodies for sausage mould was higher in the exposed group (37%) than in the non-exposed group (9%) (P 〈 0.01). The mean number of precipitating lines measured by electrosyneresis was higher in exposed workers than in non-exposed workers for mould extract (1.09 vs 0.28, P 〈 0.05) and for Penicillium nalgiovense (1.77 vs 0.33, P 〈 0.05). No specific X-ray opacity or lung function impairment was found in either group. Conclusions: Clinical symptoms and sensitization to Penicillium nalgiovense are frequent among workers exposed to mould during brushing in dry sausage plants.
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  • 6
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    The alkali reserve of interstitial water at the sites of methane emission in the Sea of Okhotsk (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Geochemistry International, 39 (6). pp. 597-603.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The chemical composition (alkalinity, pH, NH4+, PO43-, Si, H2S, Cl-, Ca2+,and SO42-) of interstitial water was studied in the sediments of the Sea of Okhotsk at sites of methane emission. Variations in alkalinity were observed in the sediments from a typical seawater value (2.3 mM/kg) to 63 mM/kg. It is demonstrated that they are caused by the processes of sulfate reduction and methane generation. Based on the balance relationships, an equationwas constructed connecting changes in alkalinity with variations of Ca2+, SO42- and NH4+ in interstitial solutions.
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  • 7
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    Genetic analysis of sea-ice bacterial communities of the Western Baltic Sea using an improved double gradient method (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology (4). pp. 252-257.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: The bacterial diversity of sea ice from Kiel Bight obtained during the rare event of solid ice cover in spring 1996 was analysed by molecular genetic approaches using an improved double gradient denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic method (DG-DGGE) to separate 16S rDNA fragments of approximately 500 bp. The excellent separation of individual bands within these gradient gels allowed us to obtain sequence information and to allocate the phylogenetic position of representative bacteria from the sea ice. The band pattern of the gradient gels revealed a vertical stratification of the bacterial species distribution within the ice and the presence of characteristic bacteria for each layer. According to their 16S rDNA sequences, major bands of the gradient gels represented bacteria closely related to fermenting species of the genera Propionibacterium and Bacteroides and to anoxygenic phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae). Their abundance in horizons of the inner ice core may indicate the existence of oxygen-deficient and anoxic zones or niches and possible primary production by anoxygenic photosynthesis within the investigated Baltic Sea sea ice. This is the first phylogenetic evidence of the presence, and most probably the development, of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria in sea ice.
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  • 8
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    Biogenic particle sources and vertical flux patterns in the seasonally ice-covered Greenland Sea (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environment. , ed. by Schäfer, P., Ritzrau, W., Schlüter, M. and Thiede, J. Springer, Berlin, pp. 53-68.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-01
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    The mineralogical composition of precursor sediments of calcareous rhythmites: a new approach (2001)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90 . pp. 795-812.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: Previous studies in Silurian carbonates from Gotland (Sweden) have led to a model for the development of limestone–marl alternations. This model postulates that early diagenesis of precursor sediments without strong primary differences can result in a differentiation by selective dissolution of aragonite in marl beds and reprecipitation of calcite cement in limestone beds. This model is described as a set of mathematical equations that quantify the diagenetic processes (aragonite dissolution and calcite reprecipitation) that occur during the formation of limestone–marl interbeds from a hypothetical homogeneous precursor sediment. The calculations demonstrate that resulting hypothetical limestone–marl alternations show characteristic mathematical relationships between the ratios of the bed thicknesses of limestones and marls on one side, and the carbonate contents, on the other. By reversing this model, the original mineralogical composition of the precursor sediment of real-world rhythmic successions can be determined. In this study, alternations from the Silurian of Gotland, the Cambrian, Devonian, and Mississippian of North America, the Jurassic of France and Germany, and the Cretaceous of France are shown to exhibit mathematical relationships similar to those calculated for hypothetical precursor sediments without primary differences. Therefore, the mineralogical composition of their precursor sediments can be estimated. In contrast, the clear mismatch shown by the Lower Jurassic Belemnite Marls from Dorset indicates that these rhythms did not suffer an early diagenetic overprint. Our model helps to differentiate between rhythmites with strong depositional variations and those without; however, it cannot indicate whether a given alternation is the product of rhythmic diagenesis of a homogeneous precursor sediment or the result of diagenetic enhancement of subtle underlying sedimentary rhythms. For horizontally correlated patterns, such as laterally extensive beds and layers of nodules, an a priori unknown external signal has to be assumed.
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  • 10
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    Glacial-interglacial relationship between carbonate components and sediment reflectance in the North Atlantic (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 21 (1). pp. 16-22.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: A high-resolution composite sediment record from intermediate water depths in the North Atlantic, dating back to marine isotope stage (MIS) 13, was investigated in order to determine the relationship between sediment reflectance (gray level%) and carbonate content (weight%). For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the coarse (〉20 µm) and fine (〈20 µm) carbonate components was carried out to assess which of the two carbonate components drives glacial-interglacial changes in sediment gray level. The results indicate that the bulk carbonate component is clearly dominated by the fine carbonate fraction, regardless of glacial or interglacial climatic mode, suggesting that the sediment gray level is usually controlled by fluctuations of the fine carbonate content. However, a comparison of MIS 1 and 5.5 indicates that, besides this difference in the contents of the two carbonate size fractions, changing modes in carbonate preservation, i.e., the preservational state of planktonic Foraminifera, may also have a profound influence on total sediment reflectance.
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  • 11
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    Molecular response of the sponge Suberites domuncula to bacterial infection (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 139 (6). pp. 1037-1045.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Description: The aim of this study was the documentation of the molecular immune response of Suberites domuncula upon bacterial infection. Additionally, the bacteria that are naturally present in the sponge after prolonged aquarium maintenance were characterized. After 6 months of maintenance of S. domuncula in seawater aquaria, only one bacterial 16S rDNA sequence could be recovered, which belongs to the genus Pseudomonas. Concomitantly, morphologically uniform bacteria were found encapsulated in bacteriocytes. These findings indicate that certain bacteria, possibly of the genus Pseudomonas, are able to persist for long periods in host bacteriocytes. Subsequent to performing a previously established infection assay with S. domuncula, a potentially pathogenic Vibrio sp. was isolated from the tissues. Furthermore, the host tissue disintegrated and asexual propagation bodies (gemmules) were formed. In order to gain insights into the molecular events occurring after bacterial infection, the stress-response kinases, p38 protein kinase and JNK protein kinase, were analyzed. It is demonstrated that these two kinases are activated (phosphorylated) upon incubation of the tissue with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, LPS strongly inhibits protein synthesis. It is concluded that there are many functionally different interactions between S. domuncula and bacteria and that the animal possesses mechanisms to differentiate between bacteria and to respond accordingly.
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  • 12
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    The formation of deep-sea Limu o Pele (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 63 (7). pp. 482-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Deep-sea sheet hyaloclastite consists mostly of sand-sized blocky and splinter-shaped shards, but also contains subordinate mm- to cm-sized thin, curved, and wrinkled plates and sheets of sideromelane. This latter type of shard, termed Limu o Pele, has been observed forming subaerially on Kilauea by entrapment of water in flowing lava followed by expansion of steam to form large bubbles which burst into thin fragments. Deep-marine limu has been inferred, from comparative morphological studies and assessment of physical bubble-forming conditions, to form in a similar way but with the increased ambient pressure and the higher viscosity of water reducing bubble expansion. Differing mechanisms of heat transfer and rates of magma chilling also modify the limu-forming process in the deep sea. This paper evaluates a variety of deep-sea limu-forming processes and develops a new and quantitatively supported model, based on observed limu-forming processes and criteria derived from dive samples and observations at Seamount Six, Cocos Plate. It is inferred that water and/or water-saturated sediment was trapped in extremely thin, fluid and rapidly advancing lava flows by various processes. Bubble formation might also occur during small-scale magma-fountaining driven by magmatic volatile exsolution and extreme vent constriction or during collapse of pillows and rapid drainage of the magma, but we found no deposits clearly resulting from these processes.
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  • 13
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    True marine and halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Microbiology, 176 . pp. 243-254.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-26
    Description: Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in marine sediments and shallow waters of the coastal zone, where they often form intensely colored mass developments. The phototrophic bacteria have adapted to the whole spectrum of salt concentrations, from freshwater to saturated brines, and it is apparent that individual species have adapted well to particular habitats and mineral salts compositions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This adaptation is reflected not only in the demand for defined ranges of salt concentrations, but also in the phylogenetic relationships of these bacteria, as established by 16S rDNA sequences. Major phylogenetic branches of purple sulfur bacteria are represented by: (1) marine and extremely halophilic Ectothiorhodospiraceae, (2) truly marine and halophilic Chromatiaceae and (3) freshwater Chromatiaceae, some of which are tolerant to low salt concentrations and are successful competitors in brackish and marine habitats. Quite similarly, salt-dependent green sulfur bacteria form distinct phylogenetic lines. In addition, also among the phototrophic α-Proteobacteria (purple nonsulfur bacteria), distinct phylogenetic lines of salt-dependent species are recognized. Available data give rise to the assumption that salt concentrations of natural habitats are an important selective factor that determines the development of a selected range of phototrophic bacteria in an exclusive way. As a consequence, the salt responses of these bacteria are reflected in their phylogenetic relationships
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  • 14
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    Hindcasting the uptake of anthropogenic trace gases with an eddy-permitting model of the Atlantic Ocean (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '01. , ed. by Krause, E. and Jäger, W. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 396-405. ISBN 3-540-42675-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The ocean takes up a large fraction of the pertubation C02 that enters the atmosphere by human activity. A realistic representation of this uptake in numerical models is essential for future climate studies. Uptake of C02 or other atmospheric trace gases is strongly influenced by oceanic physical variability at spatial scales between 20 and 100 km. Our main goal is to study the effect of this mesoscale variability on the cumulative uptake of anthropogenic C02 and chlorofluorocarbons using an existing model of the ocean circulation in the Atlantic that resolves a significant part of that variability explicitly because of its grid spacing of about 20 km. Results are compared with simulated trace gas distribution obtained from a model with coarser resolution.
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  • 15
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    The phototrophic alpha-Proteobacteria (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Prokaryotes: An evolving electronic resource for the microbial community. , ed. by Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K. H. and Stackebrandt, E. Springer, New York. 3
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
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  • 16
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    Palaeoceanography: Antarctic stratification and glacial CO2 (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 412 . pp. 605-606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: One way of accounting for lowered atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during Pleistocene glacial periods is by invoking the Antarctic stratification hypothesis, which links the reduction in CO2 to greater stratification of ocean surface waters around Antarctica1, 2. As discussed by Sigman and Boyle3, this hypothesis assumes that increased stratification in the Antarctic zone (Fig. 1) was associated with reduced upwelling of deep waters around Antarctica, thereby allowing CO2 outgassing to be suppressed by biological production while also allowing biological production to decline, which is consistent with Antarctic sediment records4. We point out here, however, that the response of ocean eddies to increased Antarctic stratification can be expected to increase, rather than reduce, the upwelling rate of deep waters around Antarctica. The stratification hypothesis may have difficulty in accommodating eddy feedbacks on upwelling within the constraints imposed by reconstructions of winds and Antarctic-zone productivity in glacial periods.
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  • 17
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    Particle flux variability in the polar and Atlantic biogeochemical provinces of the Nordic Seas (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environment. , ed. by Schäfer, P., Ritzrau, W., Schlüter, M. and Thiede, J. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 69-79.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-01
    Description: A decade of particle flux measurements providse the basis for a comparison of the eastem and westem provinces ofthe Nordic Seas. Ice-related physical and biological seasonality as well as pelagic settings jointly control fluxes in the westem Polar Province which receives southward flowing water of Polar origin. Sediment trap data from this realm highlight a predominantly physical flux control which leads to exports of siliceous particles within the biological marginal ice zone as a prominent contributor. In the northward flowing waters of the eastem Atlantic Province, feeding Strategie . life histories and the succession of dominant mesozooplankters (copepods and pteropods) are central in controlling fluxes. Furthermore, more calcareous matter is exported here with a shift in flux seasonality towards surnrner/autumn. Dominant pelagic processes modeled numerically as to their impact on annual organic carbon exports for both provinces confirrn that interannual flux variability is related to changes in the respective control mechanisms. Annual organic carbon exports are strikingly similar in the Polar and Atlantic Provinces (2.4 and 2.9 g m-2 y-1 at 500 m depth). despite major differences in flux control. The Polar and Atlantic Provinces. however, can be distinguished according to annual fluxes of opal ( l.4 and 0.6 g m-2 y-1) and carbonate (6.8 and 10.4 g m-2 y-1). lnterannual variability may blur this in single years. Thus. it is vital to use multi-annual data sets when including particle exports in general biogeochemical province descriptions. Vertical flux profiles (collections from 500 m, l000 min both provinces and 300-600 m above the seafloor deviate from the general vertical decline of fluxes due to particle degradation during sinking. At depths 〉 1000 m secondary fluxes (laterally advected/re uspended particles) are often juxtaposed to primary (pelagic) fluxes, a pattem which is most prominent in the Atlantic Province. Spatial variability within theAtlantic Province remains poorly understood. and the same holds true for interannual variability. No proxies are at hand for this province to quantitatively relate fluxes to physical or biological pelagic properties. For the easonally ice-covered Polar Province a robust relationship exists between particle export and ambient ice-regime (Ramseier et al. this volume; Ramseier et al. 1999). Spatial flux pattems may be differentiated and interannual variability can be analyzed in this manner to improve our ability to couple pelagic export pattems with benthic and geochemical sedimentary processes in seasonally ice-covered seas.
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  • 18
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    Biological response of coral reefs to sea surface temperature variation: Evidence from the raised Holocene reefs of Kikai-jima (Ryukyu Islands, Japan) (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 20 (3). pp. 221-234.
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: The island of Kikai-jima (central Ryukyu Islands, Japan) provides a rare opportunity to define both environmental and biological variations within a reef ecosystem over a geological time frame. This paper documents the palaeo-environmental records archived in the δ18O composition of four Holocene Porites cores collected from the raised reef terraces of Kikai-jima. These coral samples record mean sea surface temperatures of 23.5 °C at 4,220 years B.P., falling to 22.2 °C at 3,790 years B.P. and to a minimum of 21.4 °C at 3,400 years B.P. After this time mean sea surface temperatures rose to 23.5 °C at 1,860 years B.P. before reaching modern-day conditions of 24.9 °C. During the cool water period between 3,790 and 3,400 years B.P., the coral isotope data indicate that sea surface temperatures were below the currently accepted 18 °C minimum temperature for reef development approximately 14% of the time. Biological changes (total coral abundance, colony size, individual coral coverage, genera diversity and evenness) preserved in the raised reef terraces of Kikai-jima can be explained by these variations in Holocene sea surface temperature. The biological data indicate that the coral community at Kikai-jima was ecologically stressed during the cool water period from 3,790 to 3,400 years B.P.; however, in the gross morphological sense the coral community did still constitute a coral reef.
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  • 19
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    Plutonic rocks of intermediate composition on Gran Canaria: The missing link of the bimodal volcanic rock suite (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1441 . pp. 430-445.
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: Analysis of abundant plutonic fragments in the voluminous Miocene rhyolitic–basaltic composite ignimbrite P1, the initial felsic cooling unit overlying the basaltic shield on Gran Canaria, helps to solve the problem of bimodal volcanism. Syenogabbros dominate the plutonic suite and provide evidence that magmas of intermediate composition formed abundantly at depth but did not erupt. The entire suite of plutonic fragments comprises (1) pyroxenitic to gabbroic cumulates that directly influenced the liquid line of descent of P1 magmas, (2) gabbro, syenogabbro, syenodiorite and quartz–syenite fragments showing moderate degrees of hydrothermal alteration (chloritization, partial melting), and (3) diverse xenoliths differing significantly in bulk-rock composition and texture from the erupted P1 magmas. The compositions of plutonic series (2) overlap with both bulk-rock and mineral compositions of the erupted magmas, whereas series (1) rocks show lower alkali and silica contents. Compositional variations among the plutonic rocks are compatible with fractional crystallization as the major petrogenetic process, locally modified by magma mixing and selective element contamination. Variations in trace element concentrations of the plutonic rocks, however, are inferred to be the result of evolved interstitial melts penetrating into, or draining out of, crystalline mushes during slow intratelluric solidification. The presence of F-rich amphibole suggests that crystalline mushes were invaded by F-bearing fluids. Overall compositional similarity, and the fact that selective contamination effects are similar, support the interpretation that the series (2) plutonic fragments represent solidified portions of the magmatic system that ultimately produced the erupted P1 magmas. This system extended from the zone of underplating at the mantle–crust boundary through the lower and into the upper crust of Gran Canaria and was roughly vertically zoned in composition as shown by geobarometric calculations.
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  • 20
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    Dihydroxylycopene diglucoside diesters: a novel class of carotenoids from the phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria Halorhodospira abdelmalekii and Halorhodospira halochloris (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Microbiology, 175 (3). pp. 161-167.
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-26
    Description: The carotenoids in Halorhodospira abdelmalekii and Halorhodospira halochloris were analyzed by spectroscopic methods. The carotenoid composition of the two species was almost the same. Both species contained substantial amounts of unusual carotenoid glycoside fatty acid esters, which have been found for the first time in phototrophic purple bacteria. Methoxy-hydroxylycopene glucoside was a major component, and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside diester were also found. Lycopene, rhodopin, and 3,4,3′,4′-tetrahydrospirilloxanthin were present in very small amounts. Methoxy, glucosyl, and glucosyl ester groups were observed as substituents at the positions of the two original hydroxyl groups of dihydroxylycopene and made up approximately 20, 50, and 20%, respectively, of the total end groups (100%). The fatty acid components of the three carotenoid glucoside esters were the same (C12:0 and C14:1) and were rare in the cellular lipids of the two species
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  • 21
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    Controls on the tectono-magmatic evolution of a volcanic transform margin: the Vøring Transform Margin, NE-Atlantic (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Geophysical Research, 22 (3). pp. 133-152.
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: Ocean bottom seismograph (OBS), multichannel seismic and potential field data reveal the structure of the Vøring Transform Margin (VTM). This transform margin is located at the landward extension of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone along the southern edge of the Vøring Plateau. The margin consists of two distinctive segments. The northwestern segment is characterized by large amounts of volcanic material. The new OBS data reveal a 30–40 km wide and 17 km thick high-velocity body between underplated continental crust to the northeast and normal oceanic crust in the southwest. The southeastern segment of the mar is similar to transform margins elsewhere. It is characterized by a 20–30 km wide transform margin high and a narrow continent-ocean transition. The volcanic sequences along this margin segment are less than 1 km thick. We conclude from the spatial correspondence of decreased volcanism and the location of the fracture zone, that the amount of volcanism was influenced by the tectonic setting. We propose that (1) lateral heat transport from the oceanic lithosphere to the adjacent continental lithosphere decreased the ambient mantle temperature and melt production along the entire transform margin and (2) that right-stepping of the left-lateral shear zone at the northwestern margin segment caused lithospheric thinning and increased volcanism. The investigated data show no evidence that the breakup volcanism influenced the tectonic development of the southeastern VTM.
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  • 22
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    ENSIP: the El Nino simulation intercomparison project (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 18 (3-4). pp. 255-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
    Description:  An ensemble of twenty four coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been compared with respect to their performance in the tropical Pacific. The coupled models span a large portion of the parameter space and differ in many respects. The intercomparison includes TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere)-type models consisting of high-resolution tropical ocean models and coarse-resolution global atmosphere models, coarse-resolution global coupled models, and a few global coupled models with high resolution in the equatorial region in their ocean components. The performance of the annual mean state, the seasonal cycle and the interannual variability are investigated. The primary quantity analysed is sea surface temperature (SST). Additionally, the evolution of interannual heat content variations in the tropical Pacific and the relationship between the interannual SST variations in the equatorial Pacific to fluctuations in the strength of the Indian summer monsoon are investigated. The results can be summarised as follows: almost all models (even those employing flux corrections) still have problems in simulating the SST climatology, although some improvements are found relative to earlier intercomparison studies. Only a few of the coupled models simulate the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of gross equatorial SST anomalies realistically. In particular, many models overestimate the variability in the western equatorial Pacific and underestimate the SST variability in the east. The evolution of interannual heat content variations is similar to that observed in almost all models. Finally, the majority of the models show a strong connection between ENSO and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon.
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  • 23
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    Abundance and variability of microorganisms and transparent exopolymer particles across the ice-water interface of melting first-year sea ice in the Laptev Sea (Arctic) (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 138 (1). pp. 173-185.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: The distribution and abundance of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) was determined in and below pack ice of the Laptev Sea from July to September 1995. Samples were collected from the lowermost 10 cm of ice floes and at 10 cm below the ice–water interface. Abundance of bacteria, protists and TEP was determined, and the sea ice–water boundary layer was characterized using temperature, salinity and molecular viscous shear stress. TEP, with a distinct size distribution signal, were found in highest concentrations inside the sea ice, ranging from not detectable to 16 cm2 l−1 (median: 2.9 cm2 l−1). In the water, concentrations were one order of magnitude lower, ranged from below detection to 2.7 cm2 l−1 (median: 0.2 cm2 l−1) and decreased after the middle of August, whereas abundances of autotrophic flagellates (AF), diatoms, heterotrophic flagellates (HF) and ciliates increased. The abundance of TEP decreased with its size in all samples following a power law relationship. The relation of TEP to the microbial community differed between the sea ice and water, being positively correlated with bacteria and diatoms in the ice and negatively correlated with HF in the sea water. The presence of a pycnocline significantly influenced the abundance of organisms, diatom composition and TEP concentrations. Pennate diatoms dominated by Nitzschia frigida were most abundant inside the ice. Though bacteria have the potential to produce exopolymeric substances (EPS), the results of this study indicate that the majority of TEP at the ice–water interface in first-year Arctic summer pack ice are produced by diatoms.
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  • 24
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    The role of ocean dynamics in producing decadal climate variability in the North Pacific (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 18 (1-2). pp. 51-70.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
    Description:  Decadal time scale climate variability in the North Pacific has implications for climate both locally and over North America. A crucial question is the degree to which this variability arises from coupled ocean/atmosphere interactions over the North Pacific that involve ocean dynamics, as opposed to either purely thermodynamic effects of the oceanic mixed layer integrating in situ the stochastic atmospheric forcing, or the teleconnected response to tropical variability. The part of the variability that is coming from local coupled ocean/atmosphere interactions involving ocean dynamics is potentially predictable by an ocean/atmosphere general circulation model (O/A GCM), and such predictions could (depending on the achievable lead time) have distinct societal benefits. This question is examined using the results of fully coupled O/A GCMs, as well as targeted numerical experiments with stand-alone ocean and atmosphere models individually. It is found that coupled ocean/atmosphere interactions that involve ocean dynamics are important to determining the strength and frequency of a decadal-time scale peak in the spectra of several oceanic variables in the Kuroshio extension region off Japan. Local stochastic atmospheric heat flux forcing, integrated by the oceanic mixed layer into a red spectrum, provides a noise background from which the signal must be extracted. Although teleconnected ENSO responses influence the North Pacific in the 2–7 years/cycle frequency band, it is shown that some decadal-time scale processes in the North Pacific proceed without ENSO. Likewise, although the effects of stochastic atmospheric forcing on ocean dynamics are discernible, a feedback path from the ocean to the atmosphere is suggested by the results.
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  • 25
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    Status of the Nemertea as predators in marine ecosystems (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 456 (1/3). pp. 21-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-30
    Description: The ecology of nemertean predators in marine ecosystems is reviewed. Nemerteans occur in most marine environments although usually in low abundances. Some species, particularly in intertidal habitats, may reach locally high densities. During specific time periods appropriate for hunting, nemerteans roam about in search of prey. Upon receiving a stimulus (usually chemical cues), many nemertean species actively pursue their prey and follow them into their dwellings or in their tracks. Other species (many hoplonemerteans) adopt a sit-and-wait strategy, awaiting prey items in strategic locations. Nemerteans possess potent neurotoxins, killing even highly mobile prey species within a few seconds and within the activity range of its attacker. Most nemertean species prey on live marine invertebrates, but some also gather on recently dead organisms to feed on them. Heteronemerteans preferentially feed on polychaetes, while most hoplonemerteans prey on small crustaceans. The species examined to date show strong preferences for selected prey species, but will attack a variety of alternative prey organisms when deprived of their favourite species. Ontogenetic changes in prey selection appear to occur, but no further information about, e.g. size selection, is available. Feeding rates as revealed from short-term laboratory experiments range on the order of 1–5 prey items d–1. These values apparently are overestimates, since long-term experiments report substantially lower values (0.05–0.3 prey items d–1). Nemerteans have been reported to exert a strong impact on the population size of their prey organisms through their predation activity. Considering low predation rates, these effects may primarily be a result of indirect and additive interactions. We propose future investigations on these interactive effects in combination with other predators. Another main avenue of nemertean ecological research appears to be the examination of their role in highly structured habitats such as intertidal rocky shore and coral reef environments.
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  • 26
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    Recruitment preferences of blue mussel spat (Mytilus edulis) for different substrata and microhabitats in the White Sea (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 445 (1-3). pp. 27-35.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: We tested the assumption that fouling pressure by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis on a small spatial scale - especially onto a given substratum type - is homogeneous. Artificial substrata were exposed to natural recruitment within and outside different microhabitats. These microhabitats were monospecific patches (diameter in the meter range) in a mixed subtidal community composed of the brown algae Laminaria saccharina, and Chorda tomentosa, the green filamentous alga Cladophora rupestris, and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. While mussel spat settled in all microhabitats, recruitment was far from homogeneous. Within microhabitats, artificial substrata were preferred over living surfaces. Recruitment also differed between microhabitats exhibiting identical preference gradients on living surfaces and associated artificial substrata: recruitment preference for microhabitats increased in the order Laminaria saccharina 〈 control area (stone or mud) 〈 Chorda tomentosa 〈 Cladophora rupestris 〈 Mytilus edulis. In a second experimental approach on a smaller spatial scale (cm range), we assessed mussel recruitment in the vicinity of identical aliquots of some of the microhabitat-constituting species. Again, Laminaria proved to be of least, Cladophora of highest attractiveness. We conclude that primary settlement of mussel spat is not only influenced by the structure of the substratum (e.g. filamentous forms) but additionally by nearby macroorganisms - presumably by exuded chemical cues as suggested by the second experiment.
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  • 27
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    The phototrophic beta-Proteobacteria (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Prokaryotes: An evolving electronic resource for the microbiological community. , ed. by Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K. H. and Stackebrandt, E. Springer, New York. 3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
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  • 28
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    Differences in species richness patterns between unicellular and multicellular organisms (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 126 . pp. 114-124.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-09
    Description: For unicellular organisms, a lack of effects of local species richness on ecosystem function has been proposed due to their locally high species richness and their ubiquitous distribution. High dispersal ability and high individual numbers may enable unicellular taxa to occur everywhere. Using our own and published data sets on uni- and multicellular organisms, we conducted thorough statistical analyses to test whether (1) unicellular taxa show higher relative local species richness compared to multicellular taxa, (2) unicellular taxa show lower slopes of the species:area relationships and species:individuals relationships, and (3) the species composition of unicellular taxa is less influenced by geographic distance compared to multicellular taxa. We found higher local species richness compared to the global species pool for unicellular organisms than for metazoan taxa. The difference was significant if global species richness was conservatively estimated but not if extrapolated, and therefore higher richness estimates were used. Both microalgae and protozoans showed lower slopes between species richness and sample size (area or individuals) compared to macrozoobenthos, also indicating higher local species richness for unicellular taxa. The similarity of species composition of both benthic diatoms and ciliates decreased with increasing geographic distance. This indicated restricted dispersal ability of protists and the absence of ubiquity. However, a steeper slope between similarity and distance was found for polychaetes and corals, suggesting a stronger effect of distance on the dispersal of metazoans compared to unicellular taxa. In conclusion, we found partly different species richness patterns among uni- and multicellular eukaryotes, but no strict ubiquity of unicellular taxa. Therefore, the effect of local unicellular species richness on ecosystem function has to be reanalyzed. Macroecological patterns suggested for multicellular organisms may differ in unicellular communities.
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  • 29
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    Gracilaria and its epiphytes: 4. The response of two Gracilaria species to Ulva lactuca in a bacteria-limited environment (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Applied Phycology, 13 (6). pp. 501-507.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-29
    Description: The responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, an easily epiphytized host, and the relatively resistant G. cornea mutant, to the green alga Ulva lactuca were studied using biculture experiments with and without antibiotics. Both Gracilaria species grown with and without U. lactuca showed different levels of growth rate, release of hydrogen peroxide and of halogenated hydrocarbons. These quantitative differences led to a successful response against Ulva lactuca in the case of G. cornea mutant and to a failure in response in the case of G. lemaneiformis. The response of each Gracilaria species to U. lactuca was qualitatively similar to its response to bacteria. This suggests the involvement of oligosaccharide elicitors produced in the presence of epiphytes and bacteria. A clear Gracilaria inhibition was demonstrated with extracts of the culture medium. It appears that hydrogen peroxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and oligosaccharides may be components of the inhibitory activity of the extracts. The responses of Gracilaria species to the presence of U. lactuca suggest the characterization of a defence response.
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  • 30
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    The Chondrus crispus-Acrochaete operculata host-pathogen association, a novel model in glycobiology and applied phycopathology (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Applied Phycology, 13 (2). pp. 185-193.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-29
    Description: A review is presented of ongoing research on the oligosaccharide signals involved in cell-cell recognition in the Chondrus crispus-Acrochaete operculata host-pathogen association. In this pathosystem, the host gametophytes are resistant to the pathogen, whereas the sporophytic generation is susceptible to infection. The virulence of the green algal pathogen is mediated by the recognition of carrageenan oligosaccharides released from its red algal host: kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharides inhibit A. operculata virulence while lambda carrageenan oligosaccharides enhance its pathogenicity. It appears that the recognition of A. operculata by C. crispus also involves an oligosaccharidic signal. This signal is present in the non-virulent form of the pathogen whereas it is absent from the virulent form. Altogether this pathosystem offers a unique model to investigate the recognition of oligosaccharide signals in plant-pathogen interactions. The possible applications of this research to develop new strategies for disease control in maricultured algal crops are discussed.
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  • 31
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    Surface oceanography of the inferred hatching grounds of Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) and influences on recruitment variability (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 139 (4). pp. 671-679.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Interannual variability in the mesoscale oceanography of the inferred hatching area of winter-spawned Illex argentinus (i.e. those belonging to the Southern Patagonic Stock) was examined during the hatching months of June and July. The hatching area was defined as the region 32°–39°S, 49°–61° W, and indicators of the surface oceanography in this area were derived from remotely sensed advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) sea-surface temperature (SST) data. Interannual variability in the mesoscale oceanic circulation in the inferred hatching area was examined in terms of (1) the area occupied by "frontal" waters (defined as areas with SST gradients of ≥3°C over an area of 15 km by 15 km), and (2) the area occupied by waters of "favourable" SST (defined as those with temperatures in the range 16–18°C). Oceanographic indicators were compared with an index of I. argentinus recruitment to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) fishery (catch per licensed vessel) for the period 1987 to 1999. The two oceanographic indicators were seen to co-vary, with a decrease in the proportion of the inferred hatching area occupied by frontal waters corresponding to an increase in the proportion of water of favourable SST. High squid abundance was found to be associated with a lower proportion of frontal waters or a higher proportion of favourable-SST waters within the inferred hatching area in the year preceding the fishery. Interannual variability in the interaction of the Brazil and Falkland Currents in the inferred hatching area during the early life stages is shown to be important in influencing the population size of I, argentinus, and mechanisms influencing squid recruitment in this highly dynamic region are discussed.
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  • 32
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    Age studies based on daily growth increments in statoliths and growth lamellae in cuttlebone of cultured Sepia officinalis (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 139 (2). pp. 327-334.
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: One hundred and six individuals of Sepia officinalis were cultured throughout its life cycle in two different temperature regimes: 13–15°C and 18–20°C. The number of increments in the statoliths and the number of lamellae in the cuttlebone were read at known ages in different individuals. The formation of growth increments in the statoliths was linearly related with individual age, but it was independent of temperature. By comparison between the slope of these linear relationships and the bisecting line, the hypothesis "1 increment=1 day" was validated in individuals as old as 240 days. In specimens older than 240 days, the number of increments was underestimated due to the poor resolution of the later growth increments. The maximum number of days in captivity (420) was about 80% of the life span estimated for this species in the area studied. Preliminary validation was also obtained from statoliths marked with tetracycline. Increments between tetracycline marks were not visible. The mean distance between marks in ten statoliths was 44 µm (±6). Considering the same distance in statoliths of wild individuals, the mean number of increments counted was 37 (±6). This result is very close to the 40 days passed between both tetracycline marks. A straight line significantly different for each culture temperature defined the relationship between number of the cuttlebone lamellae and age. The number of lamellae in the cuttlebone does not correspond to the real age. The time necessary for the formation of one lamella was 8±2.3 days at 13–15°C, whereas the deposition of one lamella lasted 3.1±1.06 days at 18–20°C. In conclusion, the periodicity for lamellar deposition can be defined only if the temperature where the animal lived is considered.
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  • 33
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    The use of Artemia sp. or mysids as food source for hatchlings of the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.); effects on growth and survival throughout the life cycle (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Aquaculture International, 9 (4). pp. 319-331.
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects ofArtemia sp. or mysids on growth and survival ofS. officinalis hatchlings, and their effect throughout thelife cycle. For experiment I, for the first 20 days, one group was fed adultArtemia sp. and the other was fed mysid shrimp(Paramysis nouvelli). Eggs laid by females in both groupswere counted and weighed, and hatchlings were weighed, to determine differencesin both groups. For experiment II, during the first 10 days, one group was fedArtemia sp. and the other was fed mysids (P.nouveli). After the period of differentiated feeding, the 2 groupsinexperiment I were fed grass shrimp (Paleomonetes varians)to 70 days old, and dead crabs (Carcinus maenas)afterwards. Cuttlefish in experiment II were fed grass shrimp from day 10 untilthe end of the experiment. For both experiments, hatchlings fed mysids grewsignificantly bigger (p 〈 0.01) and survival was higher. For experiment I,eggs laid by females fed mysids and the hatchlings born from these eggs werebigger (p 〈 0.001) compared to the group fed Artemiasp.initially. Individual fecundity was slightly higher for females in the groupfedArtemia sp. (163 eggs female−1) than forthe group fed mysids (144 eggs female−1). Egg laying startedatthe age of 125 days and lasted 45 days in both groups. Time between first egglaying day and first hatchlings to be born was 21 days. The last female to die(after spawning) in both groups was 167 days (less than 6 months old).
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  • 34
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    Flexible reproductive strategies in tropical and temperate Sepioteuthis squids (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 138 (1). pp. 93-101.
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: A major difficulty confronting the determination of cephalopod reproductive life history is assessing over what portion of the life span an individual is reproductively mature and actively depositing eggs. This paper assesses the potential of the tropical Sepioteuthis lessoniana and two genetic types of the temperate Sepioteuthis australis, to spawn multiple batches of eggs at discrete times throughout the adult life span. This is achieved by histological examination of the ovarian gametogenic cycle and detailed morphological assessments of the reproductive system, in conjunction with other biological information. The genetic type of S. australis found at the northern limits of its Australian distribution showed evidence of a high correlation between body size and quantity of mature eggs, suggesting that eggs may be accumulating to be laid in a single batch. Although maturation was also a size-related process in S. lessoniana and Tasmanian S. australis, oviduct size was not correlated with body weight in mature females, which is indicative of multiple spawning. Further supporting evidence includes relatively low gonadosomatic indices, the heavier weight of the ovary relative to the oviduct, and the feeding activity of mature animals. Mature S. lessoniana and S. australis individuals were present at each location over very wide age and size ranges. In Tasmanian waters, there were distinct seasonal differences in the reproductive biology of S. australis. Summer-caught individuals had much higher gonadosomatic indices and may have been laying larger batches of eggs compared with winter-caught individuals. Summer-caught females also showed a negative correlation between egg size and egg number within the oviduct, suggesting that some individuals were producing fewer, larger eggs and others many smaller eggs. Evidence suggests that considerable flexibility is inherent in the reproductive strategy of both S. lessoniana and S. australis.
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  • 35
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    Impact of temperature on juvenile growth and age at first egg-laying of the Pacific reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana reared in captivity (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 138 (1). pp. 103-112.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Cephalopod mollusks exhibit highly plastic life cycle traits influenced primarily by the interactive effects of food availability, light cycle and temperature, with the latter perhaps the most influential. Hatchlings of the tropical reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana were hatched from field-collected eggs in the laboratory and cultured at different temperatures to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth rates. All groups showed rapid, sustained growth rates from hatching to a size of 10–25 g. Beyond this size range, growth was slower and not clearly exponential in form. Growth rate was closely linked to temperature. Squids grown at approximately 27 °C attained a size of 10 g in as little as 45 days at sustained growth rates of 12.2% body weight day−1 (%bw day−1), while squids cultured at 20 °C required almost 100 days to attain the same size at rates of 5.7%bw day−1. At an age of 55 days and approximately 1 g body weight, juvenile squids cultured at 20 °C were able to accelerate growth rates from 5.7%bw day−1 to over 12%bw day−1 when temperature was raised to 27 °C. They maintained this growth rate to a size of about 10 g and an age of at least 75 days post-hatching, indicating that body size and not age is the limiting factor for this rapid post-hatching growth. By comparison, conspecifics cultured near 27 °C from hatching had shifted out of the rapid post-hatching growth phase by day 50 at sizes between 10 and 50 g. The hatchlings from temperate to subtropical Japan had consistently higher growth rates at comparable temperatures than hatchlings from tropical Okinawa. When plotted as growth rate versus temperature, the Japanese group had a clearly higher slope to the relationship than the tropical populations, equivalent to a 2%bw day−1 difference in growth rate at 25 °C. Age at first egg-laying was decreased at higher culture temperatures; however, overall life span was not.
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  • 36
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    Long-term population trends in seven Antarctic seabirds at Pointe Géologie (Terre Adélie) : human impact compared with environmental change (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 24 (3). pp. 175-185.
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Antarctic seabird populations have been much studied over the last decades as bioindicators of the nature of variability in the Southern Ocean marine ecosystem, and most attention has been focused on the role of food supply and the extent of sea ice. In addition, the rapid spread of tourism and the activities of researchers since the early 1960s have raised questions related to their real and potential impact on bird populations. Our data sets start in 1952 for several species of Antarctic seabirds and this study documents the trends over a 14-year period (1985–1999) in seven species breeding on Pointe Géologie archipelago (Terre Adélie, Antarctica). This is the first study where the direct impact of destruction of breeding sites (for building of an airstrip) is examined and where such long-term populations trends have been assessed in such a number of Antarctic species at one site. Trends from 1985 show that for the whole archipelago and when excluding islands destroyed, Adélie penguins and south polar skuas were the only species to show a significant increase (〉3.5% annual change). The others species showed opposite trends, three increasing slightly (southern fulmars +0.4%, cape petrels +2.3%, snow petrels +0.9%) and two decreasing (emperor penguin −0.9%, southern giant petrel −3.9%). Three species particularly affected by the destruction of their breeding habitat (Adélie penguin, cape petrel, snow petrel) showed the capability to restore their populations. The availability of food and nesting sites is discussed in relation to environmental change. Species feeding on krill (Adélie penguins and cape petrels) increased more than other species; however, decrease of ice cover can increase availability of nesting sites. The importance of long-term studies is shown when assessing the role of human activities in Antarctica compared to larger-scale changes.
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  • 37
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    Dimorphic growth in male and female cuttlefish Sepia orbignyana (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from the Adriatic Sea (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Helgoland Marine Research, 55 (2). pp. 124-127.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The relationships between mantle length and number of cuttlebone chambers (or septa), and between weight and number of cuttlebone chambers were studied in Sepia orbignyana collected in the south-western Adriatic Sea. Weight-at-chamber count and mantle length-at-chamber count were statistically higher in females than in males. As the available literature suggests that the rate of cuttlebone septum formation is the same in both sexes of Sepia species, it follows that in S. orbignyana females have higher growth rates than males.
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  • 38
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    Climate change and temperature-dependent biogeography: oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance in animals (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Naturwissenschaften, 88 (4). pp. 137-146.
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Recent years have shown a rise in mean global temperatures and a shift in the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals. For a cause and effect analysis the present paper discusses those physiological processes limiting thermal tolerance. The lower heat tolerance in metazoa compared with unicellular eukaryotes and bacteria suggests that a complex systemic rather than molecular process is limiting in metazoa. Whole-animal aerobic scope appears as the first process limited at low and high temperatures, linked to the progressively insufficient capacity of circulation and ventilation. Oxygen levels in body fluids may decrease, reflecting excessive oxygen demand at high temperatures or insufficient aerobic capacity of mitochondria at low temperatures. Aerobic scope falls at temperatures beyond the thermal optimum and vanishes at low or high critical temperatures when transition to an anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism occurs. The adjustment of mitochondrial densities on top of parallel molecular or membrane adjustments appears crucial for maintaining aerobic scope and for shifting thermal tolerance. In conclusion, the capacity of oxygen delivery matches full aerobic scope only within the thermal optimum. At temperatures outside this range, only time-limited survival is supported by residual aerobic scope, then anaerobic metabolism and finally molecular protection by heat shock proteins and antioxidative defence. In a cause and effect hierarchy, the progressive increase in oxygen limitation at extreme temperatures may even enhance oxidative and denaturation stress. As a corollary, capacity limitations at a complex level of organisation, the oxygen delivery system, define thermal tolerance limits before molecular functions become disturbed.
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  • 39
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    Biology of the deep-sea octopus Bathypolypus sponsalis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the western Mediterranean Sea (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 138 (4). pp. 785-792.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Several aspects of the biology of Bathypolypus sponsalis were studied from 297 individuals (115 males, 180 females and 2 indeterminates) caught in a depth range of 200–800 m depth in the western Mediterranean Sea. The paper presents data on sizes (length-weight relationships, size-frequency distributions) and reproduction (sex ratio, maturation, condition), and also analyses of the diet of B. sponsalis from samples taken throughout the year. Length-weight relationships showed that females are heavier than males at the same mantle length. Although mature individuals were found all year round, the maximum number occurred in spring and summer. Sexual maturation data revealed that males mature at smaller sizes than females. The gonadosomatic index increased with maturity in both sexes; the increase was gradual in males, but abrupt in females. The digestive gland index was used as a condition index and showed a differential behaviour with maturity; it increased gradually in females, but decreased in males. Like other octopus species, B. sponsalis appears to be an opportunistic predator, feeding on a great variety of preys. Stomach content analysis yielded a total of 19 different prey items belonging to four major groups (Crustacea, Mollusca, Ophiuroidea and Osteichthya). The first three groups were the more frequent preys, since crustaceans, molluscs and ophiuroids appeared in 76%, 49% and 30% of the stomachs, respectively. Decapoda Reptantia (among crustaceans) and cephalopods and bivalves (among molluscs) constituted the more abundant prey items. While the Decapoda Reptantia group was significantly more abundant in stomach contents of females, gastropods were taken more frequently by males. These differences in diet could reveal females as a more active predators than males.
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    The influence of ration level on growth and statolith increment width of the tropical squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae): an experimental approach (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 138 (4). pp. 819-825.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Juvenile squids were grown in individual 2.6-l floating enclosures and were fed either a high- or a low-ration diet of fish and the crustacean Acetes. Squids were maintained for a maximum of 44 days in two experiments. The high-ration individuals reached a significantly larger size in both experiments (27, 25.5 mm mean mantle length, ML) compared to their low-ration siblings (19 mm mean ML) in both experiments. The statolith increment widths prior to the start of the experiment were significantly wider (between 3 and 4 μm) compared to the increment widths after the start of the experiment (between 2 and 3 μm) both for the low- and the high-ration squids. High-ration squids also had significantly wider increments and larger statoliths than their low-ration siblings. Even though we detected consistent trends in daily statolith increment widths for the different feeding regimes, we could not detect variation in increment widths at a daily level of resolution (i.e. as a result of differences in day-to-day food intake at an individual level). This was probably due to the relatively consistent diet experienced by each individual. These experiments revealed that ration level influences squid growth rate, statolith size and daily statolith increment width.
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    An Overview of Sea-Ice Conditions in the Greenland Sea and the Relationship of Oceanic Sedimentation to the Ice Regime (2001)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environment. , ed. by Schäfer, P., Ritzrau, W., Schlüter, M. and Thiede, J. Springer, Berlin, pp. 19-31.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-29
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    Geochemistry of oceanic carbonatites compared with continental carbonatites: Mantle recycling of oceanic crustal carbonate (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 142 . pp. 520-542.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb–O–C isotopic compositions are presented for carbonatites from the Cape Verde (Brava, Fogo, Sáo Tiago, Maio and Sáo Vicente) and Canary (Fuerteventura) Islands. Carbonatites show pronounced enrichment in Ba, Th, REE, Sr and Pb in comparison to most silicate volcanic rocks and relative depletion in Ti, Zr, Hf, K and Rb. Calcio (calcitic)-carbonatites have primary (mantle-like) stable isotopic compositions and radiogenic isotopic compositions similar to HIMU-type ocean island basalts. Cape Verde carbonatites, however, have more radiogenic Pb isotope ratios (e.g. 206Pb/204Pb=19.3–20.4) than reported for silicate volcanic rocks from these islands (18.7–19.9; Gerlach et al. 1988; Kokfelt 1998). We interpret calcio-carbonatites to be derived from the melting of recycled carbonated oceanic crust (eclogite) with a recycling age of ~1.6 Ga. Because of the degree of recrystallization, replacement of calcite by secondary dolomite and elevated ∂13C and ∂18O, the major and trace element compositions of the magnesio (dolomitic)-carbonatites are likely to reflect secondary processes. Compared with Cape Verde calcio-carbonatites, the less radiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and the negative Δ7/4 of the magnesio-carbonatites (also observed in silicate volcanic rocks from the Canary and Cape Verde Islands) cannot be explained through secondary processes or through the assimilation of Cape Verde crust. These isotopic characteristics require the involvement of a mantle component that has thus far only been found in the Smoky Butte lamproites from Montana, which are believed to be derived from subcontinental lithospheric sources. Continental carbonatites show much greater variation in radiogenic isotopic composition than oceanic carbonatites, requiring a HIMU-like component similar to that observed in the oceanic carbonatites and enriched components. We interpret the enriched components to be Phanerozoic through Proterozoic marine carbonate (e.g. limestone) recycled through shallow, subcontinental–lithospheric–mantle and deep, lower-mantle sources.
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    Numerical model approaches to adress recent problems on pelagic ecosystems (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Oceanography, 58 (2). pp. 365-378.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: A review of ecosystem modeling is presented, classifying the models on the basis of the problems they address. The problems are chosen mainly from those concerning the North Pacific and encompass: limiting factors in high-nutrient/low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions; nutrient supply to the subtropical gyre; long-term variation; parameter optimization; oceanic provinces. A future research direction should be to sort out priorities of various biogeochemical and ecological processes with the long-term variation problem being the axis, while keeping the model complexity at a minimum and invoking the parameter optimization technique
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    A study on octopodids from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 24 . pp. 832-838.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: A comprehensive study of octopodids in the Weddell Sea was conducted during cruise ANT XIII/3 of RV "Polarstern". The study yielded eight species of incirrate octopodids, three of which were undescribed. There appeared to be no differences in octopodid species assemblage in the two sampling areas (Kapp Norvegia and south of Drescher Inlet), supporting the theory that there is a single macrobenthic assemblage on the eastern shelf of the Weddell Sea. Six of the octopodid species belonged to the genus Pareledone, illustrating the extensive radiation of this endemic genus within the Southern Ocean. The fragmented nature of suitable habitats and disturbance caused by glaciation cycles are proposed as mechanisms for this radiation. Comparative data illustrate that both the number of octopodid species present and their abundance are greater at higher latitudes than close to the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone.
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    Glaciology: Enigmatic Arctic ice sheets (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 410 (6827). pp. 427-428.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: To what extent was the Arctic Ocean glaciated in the past? Heavily, according to data, gathered by a submarine, which show considerable ice-scouring of topography in parts of the ocean basin
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    Semianalytical spatial ranges and persistences of non-polar chemicals for reaction-diffusion type dynamics (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Semianalytical spatial ranges and persistences of non-polar chemicals for reaction-diffusion type dynamics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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    Earth system analysis and management (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Understanding the Earth system: Compartments, processes and interactions
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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    Earth system models (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Understanding the earth system: Compartments, processes and interactions
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Format: application/pdf
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    Welt im Wandel: Neue Strukturen Globaler Umweltpolitik (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Welt im Wandel: Neue Strukturen Globaler Umweltpolitik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 50
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    Stability and optimal control of a multiplayer dynamic game (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Operations research proceedings 2000
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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    The challenge of global water management (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Understanding the Earth system: Compartments, processes and interactions
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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    Klimawirkungsforschung im Rahmen des Globalen Wandels. Bescheibung auf virtuellen Bühnen (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Klimazeugnisse der Erdgeschichte
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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