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  • 1
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Hydroacoustics (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; hydroacoustics ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. A global hydroacoustic monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to the development of effective monitoring methods to verify compliance with the CTBT. The aim of this volume on Hydroacoustic Monitoring of the CTBT is to summarize the research being conducted in this field and to provide basic references for future research. Much of the new research emphasizes major advances in understanding the coupling of ocean acoustic waves with elastic waves in the solid Earth. Topics covered include source excitation, detection and classification of events generating hydroacoustic signals, discrimination between underwater explosions and naturally occurring events, as well as topics in coupling of acoustic to seismic wavefields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 205 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365387
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/3/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Surface Waves (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; surface waves ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 243 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365516
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/8/
    Language: English
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    Palaeowaters in Coastal Europe : Evolution of Groundwater Since the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Palaeowaters in Coastal Europe contains 17 contributions from an international array of authors. They discuss the history of groundwater evolution during the late Pleistocene in the coastal areas of Europe from the Baltic region to the Iberian peninsula and the Canary Islands. Geochemical and geophysical techniques for evaluating palaeowaters are reviewed. The focus of the book is on changes in the hydrogeological regime during the Quaternary and their impacts on groundwater movement and chemistry in European coastal aquifers. The work summarized in the papers was carried out by a partnership of European scientists under the auspices of the PALAEAUX project, an EC initiative. Researchers from the fields of hydrogeology, geochemistry, isotope hydrology and Quaternary studies attempted to reconstruct the most probable movement of groundwater in the study area over the past 100 000 years and its response to climatic events of global significance during the last glacial cycle. The results of this work, summarized in this volume, allow a better understanding of the water resources found at and near the coastlines of northern and western Europe. During times of lowered sea level, it appears that groundwaters were replenished to depths greater than occur at the present day. These pristine freshwater reserves are an irreplaceable asset. Their location at coastlines where populations and water demands are high and often seasonal means that they need careful management to avoid over-exploitation or contamination. The inevitable conflicts that this resource management creates are discussed. Palaeowaters in Coastal Europe: evolution of groundwater since the late Pleistocene will be of interest to Quarternary scientists, hydrogeologists, marine scientists engaged in coastal research and those involved in environmental science and the management of groundwater assests.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 Seiten)
    ISBN: 186239086X
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/189/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Western North Atlantic Palaeogene and Cretaceous Palaeoceanography (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Palaeogene and Cretaceous palaeoceanography has been the focus of intense international interest in the last few years, spurred by deep ocean drilling at Blake Nose in the North Atlantic as well as the need to use past climate change as input for modelling future climate change. This book brings together a number of review papers that describe ancient oceans and unique events in the Earth’s climatic history and evolution of biota. The papers show evidence of periods characterized by exceptional global warmth such as the Late Palaeocene Thermal Maximum and Cretaceous anoxic events. Geochemical records and modelling will make the reader aware that these periods were forced by greenhouse gases. This information is essential for understanding the response of the ocean-climate system to the current input of fossil fuels. In this sense, the book contributes to the understanding of fundamental aspects of Earth’s climate, the carbon cycle, and marine ecosystems. A number of papers describe massive mass wasting deposits resulting from the energy released by the bolide impact at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary as well as the geochemistry of the boundary itself. Additional papers cover aspects of cyclostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Palaeogene and Cretaceous records. This book will be of interest to a broad audience of Earth Scientists interested in Palaeogene-Cretaceous palaeoceanography, extreme climate modelling, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Late Palaeocene Thermal Maximum, Cretaceous anoxic events, as well as those specifically interested in radiolarian, dinoflagellate and coccolithophorid stratigraphy.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390789
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/183/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Drift Exploration in Glaciated Terrain (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume describes the use of till geochemical and indicator mineral methods for mineral exploration in glaciated terrain of Canada. The principles and examples described in this volume wil have direct applications for exploration companies and prospectors exploring for diamonds, precious and base metals and uranium in glaciated parts of North America, northern Europe and Asia and mountainous regions of South America. The first two papers in this volume provide an introduction to glaciated terrain and the two styles of glaciation that have affected the world, continental glaciers in broad flat lying Shield areas and alpine glaciers in mountainous terrain. Sampling techniques are described next, followed by an introduction to the use of heavy minerals. Heavy mineral methodss have become an important exploration tool in glaciated terrain for gold and base metals and, in the last ten years, for diamonds. Lake sediments and biogeochemical methods are also included in this volume as a complement to geochemical and indicator mineral methods in glaciated terrain. A chapter on GIS has been included because data interpretation and display are important and essential parts of any regional or detailed geochemical survey. The remainder of the volume is case studies for the three main glaciated terrain tyes in Canada: Shield, Appalachia and Cordillera
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390827
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/185/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Molecular Modeling Theory: Applications in the Geosciences (2001)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on molecular modeling theory jointly sponsored by the Geochemical Society (GS) and the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) May 18-20, 2001 in Roanoke, Virginia which was held prior to the 2001 Goldschmidt Conference in nearby Hot Springs, Virginia. Dr. William C. Luth has had a long and distinguished career in research, education and in the government. He was a leader in experimental petrology and in training graduate students at Stanford University. His efforts at Sandia National Laboratory and at the Department of Energy's headquarters resulted in the initiation and long-term support of many of the cutting edge research projects whose results form the foundations of these short courses. Bill's broad interest in understanding fundamental geochemical processes and their applications to national problems is a continuous thread through both his university and government career. He retired in 1996, but his efforts to foster excellent basic research, and to promote the development of advanced analytical capabilities gave a unique focus to the basic research portfolio in Geosciences at the Department of Energy. He has been, and continues to be, a friend and mentor to many of us. It is appropriate to celebrate his career in education and government service with this series of courses in cutting-edge geochemistry that have particular focus on Department of Energy-related science, at a time when he can still enjoy the recognition of his contributions. Molecular modeling methods have become important tools in many areas of geochemical and mineralogical research. Theoretical methods describing atomistic and molecular-based processes are now commonplace in the geosciences literature and have helped in the interpretation of numerous experimental, spectroscopic, and field observations. Dramatic increases in computer power-involving personal computers, workstations, and massively parallel supercomputers-have helped to increase our knowledge of the fundamental processes in geochemistry and mineralogy. All researchers can now have access to the basic computer hardware and molecular modeling codes needed to evaluate these processes. The purpose of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is to provide the student and professional with a general introduction to molecular modeling methods and a review of various applications of the theory to problems in the geosciences. Molecular mechanics methods that are reviewed include energy minimization, lattice dynamics, Monte Carlo methods, and molecular dynamics. Important concepts of quantum mechanics and electronic structure calculations, including both molecular orbital and density functional theories, are also presented. Applications cover a broad range of mineralogy and geochemistry topics-from atmospheric reactions to fluid-rock interactions to properties of mantle and core phases. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of molecular simulations with experimental data and the synergy that can be generated by using both approaches in tandem. We hope the content of this review volume will help the interested reader to quickly develop an appreciation for the fundamental theories behind the molecular modeling tools and to become aware of the limits in applying these state-of-the-art methods to solve geosciences problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 531 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780939950546
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/42/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Regional Wave Propagation and Crustal Structure (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; crustal structure ; monitoring ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Successful monitoring of a CTBT requires that we detect and identify all nuclear explosions. Since many events of concern will be too small to be detected teleseismically, this capability requires the use of regional-distance seismograms. The complexity of regional seismograms presents many technical challenges for a monitoring program. This issue focuses on problems associated with regional wave propagation through complex media. It includes papers that investigate regional variations of elastic and anelastic properties of Eurasia, the blockage of regional phases by sedimentary basins, methods for modeling regional wave propagation and for calibrating seismic wave paths in order to extract amplitude variations and source parameters. These papers illustrate the research and development necessary for acquiring an understanding of regional wave propagation which in turn provides the foundation for operational tools used to monitor a CTBT.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365509
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/7/
    Language: English
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    The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Ireland is virtually encircled by sedimentary basins which developed in response to periods of rifting and thermal subsidence. These offshore basins have been the focus of intermittent phases of exploration since drilling of the first well in 1970 and, to date, 136 wells have been drilled. Most of the drilling so far has concentrated on structural traps, but recent exploration has begun to focus on a variety of stratigraphic traps, with greater emphasis on results obtained from studies of the Atlantic margin basins. The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins contains a set of 27 papers on a wide range of topics relating to recent exploration of the Irish offshore sedimentary basins. These papers address aspects of the structural and stratigraphic evolution, thermal history, petroleum systems, reservoir geology and sea-bed processes in the Irish offshore area. Although the main focus is on petroleum systems and those issues bearing on exploration risk, the exploration effort has yielded fundamental new insight into the wider development of starved passive continental margins. The volume will be of interest to oil industry explorationists and researchers focusing on NW European sedimentary basins and the evolution of the Irish Atlantic margin.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (473 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390878
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/188/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Non-Volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins : A Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-volcanic continental margins may form up to 300f all present-day passive margins, and remnants of them are preserved in mountain belts. The papers in this volume demonstrate the benefits of integrating offshore and onshore studies, and illustrate the range of information obtained at different scales when comparing evidence from land and sea. Data sets collected across a range of spatial scales are evaluated: thin sections, cores, outcrops, seismic reflection profiles, and other geophysical data. The outcrop scale is crucial because it enables the spatial gulf to be bridged between DSDP and ODP cores and marine seismic data. There is also the problem that basins on land and beneath the sea inevitably have had different post-rift histories resulting in their contrasting present-day elevation. In mountain belts, portions of continental margins and oceanic crust are superbly exposed, but dismembered by subsequent compressional tectonics. Off present-day passive margins, extensional features have only been slightly deformed, if at all, by compressional movements, but are buried beneath significant thicknesses of post-rift sediments and so can only be sampled by ocean drilling at a small number of points. The first paper reviews the synergies that have occurred between investigations of the eastern North Atlantic non-volcanic margins and remnants of similar Mesozoic margins preserved in the Alps, and some later papers return to this theme. However, papers describing margins from other parts of the world show that it may be premature to use models based on the Atlantic and the Alps as the paradigm for all non-volcanic margins. The following 25 papers in the book are grouped under the following headings: (1) Margin overviews; (2) Exhumed crust and mantle; (3) Tectonics and stratigraphy; (4)Numerical models of extension and magmatism.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (585 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390916
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/187/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation: Towards Predictive Modelling of the Earthquake Process (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Earthquake Prediction ; Simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: Vol. 157, 2000 spanning across disciplines and national boundaries gives cause for optimism. New participation in ACES to extend its existing synergies is welcomed. We wish to thank the scientific participants of The APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation (ACES) and the contributors to this book. We express appreciation to the Australian, Chinese, Japanese and USA governments for supporting the establishment of ACES. We gratefully acknowledge funding support by the Australian government's Department of Industry, Science and Resources, The University of Queensland, Japan's Science and Technology Agency through its Research Organisation for Information Science and Technology, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Science Foundation of China. We acknowledge with appreciation additional workshop sponsorship pro­ vided by SGI (Silicon Graphics). Special thanks to QUAKES team members (Tracy Paroz, David Place, Steffen Abe, Dion Weatherley and Steven Jaume) and Kim Olsen who provided assistance to the Editors. Peter Mora would also like to thank Evelyne Meier. REFERENCES I-st ACES Workshop Proceedings (1999), ed. Mora, P. (ACES, Brisbane, Australia, ISBN 1 86499 121 6), 554 pp. APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation: http://quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES ACES Inaugural Workshop: http://quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES_ WS Raul Madariaga Peter Mora QUAKES Laboratoire de Geologie Department of Earth Sciences Ecole Normale Superieur The University of Queensland 24 Rue Lhomond 4072 Brisbane, Qld F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05 Australia France mora@earth. up. edu. au madariag@geologie. ens.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 567 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034876957
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/157/11/
    Language: English
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Location (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; monitoring ; seismic event location
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 419 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365349
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/1/
    Language: English
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    Stable Isotope Geochemistry (2001)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume was prepared for Short Course on Stable Isotope Geochemistry presented November 2-4, 2001 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts. This volume follows the 1986 Reviews in Mineralogy (Vol. 16) in approach but reflects significant changes in the field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. In terms of new technology, new sub-disciplines, and numbers of researchers, the field has changed more in the past decade than in any other since that of its birth. Unlike the 1986 volume, which was restricted to high temperature fields, this book covers a wider range of disciplines. However, it would not be possible to fit a comprehensive review into a single volume. Our goal is to provide state-ofthe-art reviews in chosen subjects that have emerged or advanced greatly since 1986. v The field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry was born of a good idea and nurtured by technology. In 1947, Harold Urey published his calculated values of reduced partition function for oxygen isotopes and his idea (a good one!) that the fractionation of oxygen isotopes between calcite and water might provide a means to estimate the temperatures of geologic events. Building on wartime advances in electronics, Alfred Nier then designed and built the dual-inlet, gassource mass-spectrometer capable of making measurements of sufficient precision and accuracy. This basic instrument and the associated extraction techniques, mostly from the 1950s, are still in use in many labs today. These techniques have become "conventional" in the sense of traditional, and they provide the benchmark against which the accuracy of other techniques is compared. The 1986 volume was based almost exclusively on natural data obtained solely from conventional techniques. Since then, revolutionary changes in sample size, accuracy, and cost have resulted from advances in continuous flow massspectrometry, laser heating, ion microprobes, and computer automation. The impact of new technology has differed by discipline. Some areas have benefited from vastly enlarged data sets, while others have capitalized on in situ analysis and/or micro- to nanogram size samples, and others have developed because formerly intractable samples can now be analyzed. Just as Stable Isotope Geochemistry is being reborn by new good ideas, it is still being nurtured by new technology. The organization of the chapters in this book follows the didactic approach of the 2001 short course in Boston. The first three chapters present the principles and data base for equilibrium isotope fractionation and for kinetic processes of exchange. Both inorganic and biological aspects are considered. The next chapter reviews isotope compositions throughout the solar system including massindependent fractionations that are increasingly being recognized on Earth. The fifth chapter covers the primitive compositions of the mantle and subtle variations found in basalts. This is followed by three chapters on metamorphism, isotope thermometry, fluid flow, and hydrothermal alteration. The next chapter considers water cycling in the atmosphere and the ice record. And finally, there are four chapters on the carbon cycle, the sulfur cycle, organic isotope geochemistry and extinctions in the geochemical record.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 662 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780939950553
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/43/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation (2001)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; estimation ; identification ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents summaries of recent research results on the related subjects of source processes and explosion yield estimation, which are important elements of any treaty verification system. The term Source Processes, in the context of nuclear test monitoring, refers to a wide range of research topics. In a narrow definition, it describes the complex physical phenomena that are directly associated with a nuclear explosion, and the catastrophic deformation and transformation of the material surrounding the explosion. In a broader sense, it includes a host of topics related to the inference of explosion phenomena from seismic and other signals. A further widening of the definition includes the study and characterization of source processes of events other than nuclear, such as earthquakes and, in particular, mining explosions. This latter research is especially important relative to the question of identifying and discriminating nuclear explosions from other seismic events. Explosion Yield Estimation deals with the corresponding inverse problem of inferring explosion source characteristics through analyses of the various types of seismic signals produced by the explosion. This is a complex technical task which has been the focus of some of the most contentious treaty monitoring debates. The current compilation of eight articles on Source Processes and six articles on Explosion Yield Estimation gives a good representation of state-of-the-art research currently being conducted in the broad area of seismic source characterization in the context of nuclear test monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365523
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/158/11/
    Language: English
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    The Age of the Earth : from 4004 BC to AD 2002 (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The age of the Earth has long been a subject of great interest to scientists from many disciplines, particularly geologists, biologists, physicists and astronomers. This volume, The Age of the Earth: from 4004 BC to AD 2002, brings together contributors from these different subjects, along with historians, to produce a comprehensive review of how the Earth’s age has been perceived since ancient times. Touching on the works of eminent scholars from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, it describes how concepts of the Earth’s history changed as geology slowly separated itself from religious orthodoxy to emerge as a rigorous and self-contained science. Fossils soon became established as useful markers of relative age, while deductions made from geomorphological processes enabled the discussion of time in terms of years. By the end of the nineteenth century biologists and geologists were fiercely debating the issue with physicists who were unwilling to give them the time needed for evolution or uniformitarianism. With the discovery of radioactivity, attempts to calculate the Earth’s age entered a new era, although these early pioneers in radiometric dating encountered many difficulties, both technical and intellectual, before the enormity of geological time was fully recognized. This effort affected both the theory and practice of geology. Geochronology was largely responsible for it maturing into a professional scientific discipline, as increasingly refined techniques measured not only the age of the rocks, but the rate of processes which now elucidate many aspects of the Earth’s evolution. Even today the Earth’s chronology remains a contentious topic - particularly for those dating the oldest rocks - and it is implicated in debates surrounding our hominid ancestors, the origins and development of life, and the age of the universe. The Age of the Earth: from 4004 bc to AD 2002 will be of particular interest to geologists, geochemists, and historians of science, as well as astronomers, archaeologists, biologists and the general reader with an interest in science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 288 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390932
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/190/1.toc
    Language: English
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    The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone Weakening (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Many faults appears to form persistent zones of weakness that fundamentally influence the distribution, arichitecture and movement patterns of crustal-scale deformation and associated processes in both continental and oceanic regions. They act as conduits for the focused migration of economically important fluids and, as most seismicity is associated with active faults, they also constitute one of the most important global geological hazards. This book brings together papers by an international group of Earth Scientists to discuss a broad range of topics centred upon the controls of fault weakening and the role of such faults during lithosphere deformation. The book will be of interests to both academic and industrial Earth Scientists with an interest in geodynamics, structure at all scales, tectonics and the migration of petroleum and water.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390908
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/186/1.toc
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    Continental Reactivation and Reworking (2001)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: As a result of its relative buoyancy, continental crust is rarely subducted, meaning that successive episodes of continental deformation impart a complex geological character that is not found in younger oceanic lithosphere. This character is largely the result of two related processes: (1) reactivation, involving rejuvenation of discrete structures; and (2) reworking, involving the repeated metamorphism, deformation and magmatism of a previously tectonized crustal or lithospheric volume. Characterizing the style, distribution and timing of reactivation and reworking in different continental settings should therefore provide a crucial data set with which to evaluate the spatial patterns, temporal evolution and dynamic controls of tectonic rejuvenation of the continents and continental lithosphere. This volume presents a combination of review and research papers, which highlight some of the issues and problems associated with the characterization and modelling of continental reactivation and reworking.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390800
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/184/1.toc
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    Natural Zeolites : Occurrence, Properties, Applications (2001)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Zeolites were looked upon as a geological curiosity until the latter part of the 20th century, but they are now known to be widespread throughout the world in sedimentary and igneous deposits and in soils. This volume describes their formation and occurrence in these environments. It also describes the latest information on their crystal structures and chemistry and presents entirely new information on zeolite stability and on cation exchange. Four chapters also describe applications of natural zeolites ranging from building material to high-tech refrigeration devices.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 654 Seiten)
    ISBN: 093995057X
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/45/1.toc
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    Nanoparticles and the Environment (2001)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the years, volumes in this series have taken a variety of forms. Many have focused on mature fields of investigation to draw together a comprehensive body of work and provide a definitive, up to date reference. A few, however, have sought to provide enough coverage of an emerging or re-emerging field to allow the reader to identify important and exciting gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for new research. This volume falls into the later category. Our primary goal in convening the short course and assembling this text it is to invigorate future research. Early “Reviews in Mineralogy” dealt with specific groups of minerals, one (or two) volumes at a time. In contrast, this volume deals explicitly with the topic of crystal size in many different systems. Until recently, the special and complicated nature of the very smallest particles rendered them nearly impossible to study by conventional methods. Even today, the challenges associated with evaluating the size-dependence of a mineral’s bulk and surface structures, properties, and reactivity are significant. However, ongoing improvements in sophisticated characterization, theory, and data analysis make particles previously described (often inaccurately) as “amorphous” (or even more mysteriously as “x-ray amorphous”) amenable to quantitative evaluation. Thermochemical, crystal chemical, and computational chemical approaches must be combined to understand particles with diameters of 1 to 100 nanometers. Determination of …
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 349 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950561
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/44/1.toc
    Language: English
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    DOW: Deep Ocean Water as our next natural resource (2000)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Outlook and New Resources / pp. 1-7 --- Ocean Water and Its Wonderful Potential / pp. 9-30 --- OTEC Is Not a Dream / pp. 31-44 --- Sea-Water Rears Fish / pp. 45-81 --- Learning from the Past / pp. 83-90 --- Earth-Friendly Technology / pp. 91-94
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 99 Seiten)
    ISBN: 488704125X
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/dow/
    Language: English
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    Climates : Past and Present (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The climate of the early Earth was probably very warm and has, in general, reduced since the Archean. However, it now seems that the world is about 0.6°C warmer than it was 100 years ago and estimates of the rate of global warming over the next century range from 0.16°C to 0.35°C per decade. Concurrently, global sea-level is predicted to rise from 2.4 to 10 cm per decade. These rates of change are much faster than those normally associated with the geological record, causing geologists and palaeontologists to reassess their data and their forecasts on rates of future change. With the current interest in global climatic change and, more specifically, with global warming, it is clear that palaeontologists have valuable information to provide on the impacts of past climatic change. This volume contains papers from an international array of such geologists and palaeontologists, showing how studies of micro- and macrofossils, plant and vertebrate fossils from a range of geological ages have contributed to our understanding of how climate affects both local and more widespread areas. The contributions are arranged in geological order, ranging from the Permo-Carboniferous to the post-glacial recovery of the last 18,000 years, with an emphasis on climate change during the last two million years, particularly in NW Europe. Climates: Past and Present will be of interest to palaeontologists, geologists and palaeoclimatologists who specialize in climatic reconstructions and any professionals enagaged in research into the geological aspects of climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390754
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/181/1.toc
    Language: English
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    New Perspectives on the Old Red Sandstone (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: From the 1960s onwards, the Old Red Sandstone of both borders of the Atlantic Ocean has acted as a test-bed for the development of new ideas on the interpretation of fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian sedimentary rocks, and the investigation of tectonically-active basins. Much of the earlier reconnaissance work is now being reviewed in the light of further detailed field study, along with new developments in the understanding of the biostratigraphy, palaeobiology, geochronology, pedogenesis and tectonics. Three general papers review recent work on the stratigraphical and chronological analysis of the Late Silurian, Devonian and Early Carboniferous strata, and summarize present understanding of the tectonics of the basins. These are then followed by twenty-seven contributions covering new work in Eastern USA, Canada, Ireland, Britain, Norway, Greenland and Spitsbergen.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 623 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390711
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/180/1
    Language: English
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    The Crystal Chemistry of Sulfate Minerals (2000)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Sulfate is an abundant and ubiquitous component of Earth’s lithosphere and hydrosphere. Sulfate minerals represent an important component of our mineral economy, the pollution problems in our air and water, the technology for alleviating pollution, and the natural processes that affect the land we utilize. Vast quantities of gypsum are consumed in the manufacture of wallboard, and calcium sulfates are also used in sculpture in the forms of alabaster (gypsum) and papier-mâché (bassanite). For centuries, Al-sulfate minerals, or “alums,” have been used in the tanning and dyeing industries, and these sulfate minerals have also been a minor source of aluminum metal. Barite is used extensively in the petroleum industry as a weighting agent during drilling, and celestine (also known as “celestite”) is a primary source of strontium for the ceramics, metallurgical, glass, and television face-plate industries. Jarosite is a major waste product of the hydrometallurgical processing of zinc ores and is used in agriculture to reduce alkalinity in soils. At many mining sites, the extraction and processing of coal or metal-sulfide ores (largely for gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc) produce waste materials that generate acid-sulfate waters rich in heavy metals, commonly leading to contamination of water and sediment. Concentrated waters associated with mine wastes may precipitate a variety of metal-sulfate minerals upon evaporation, oxidation, or neutralization. Some of these sulfate minerals are soluble and store metals and acidity only temporarily, whereas others are insoluble and improve water quality by removing metals from the water column. There is considerable scientific interest in the mineralogy and geochemistry of sulfate minerals in both high-temperature (igneous and hydrothermal) and low-temperature (weathering and evaporite) environments. The physical scale of processes affected by aqueous sulfate and associated minerals spans from submicroscopic reactions at mineral-water interfaces to global issues of oceanic cycling and mass balance, and even to extraterrestrial applications in the exploration of other planets and their satellites. In mineral exploration, minerals of the alunite-jarosite supergroup are recognized as key components of the advanced argillic (acid-sulfate) hydrothermal alteration assemblage, and supergene sulfate minerals can be useful guides to primary sulfide deposits. The role of soluble sulfate minerals formed from acid mine drainage (and its natural equivalent, acid rock drainage) in the storage and release of potentially toxic metals associated with wet-dry climatic cycles (on annual or other time scales) is increasingly appreciated in environmental studies of mineral deposits and of waste materials from mining and mineral processing. This volume compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3). barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high-and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. We thank the authors for their comprehensive and timely efforts, and for their cooperation with our various requests regarding consistency of format and nomenclature. Special thanks are due to the numerous scientists who provided peer reviews, which substantially improved the content of the chapters. This volume would not have been possible without the usual magic touch and extreme patience of Paul H. Ribbe, Series Editor for Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Finally, we thank our families for their support and understanding during the past several months.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 608 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950529
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/40/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: In a world of increasingly rapid technological and economic development, sea-level rise, and possible global climate change, central tasks facing the coastal and estuarine manager are to predict and manage change, undertaken against a background of constantly moving goalposts. There is an urgent need for a much better framework of background environmental data and more effective and reliable management tools, founded on sound scientific understanding, which can provide necessary guidance and the basis for policy formulation. Although these needs have been recognized, and some progress has been made in the past few years, an adequate suite of such management tools and frameworks for environmental monitoring is still some way off. The broad selection of papers included in this volume reflects the wide range of research currently being undertaken in coastal and estuarine environments, but underlines the fact that there are still significant gaps in understanding and major needs for further research which crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries. This volume brings together the results of recent research of sedimentologists, geomorphologists, archaeologists, engineers and others, expounding their methods and concerns, and identifying further areas where future joint work might be fruitful.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (427 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390703
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/175/1
    Language: English
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    Sedimentary Responses to Forced Regressions (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Keywords: Historische Geologie ; Sediment ; Event-Stratigraphie ; Lithostratigraphie ; Seismische Stratigraphie ; Geologie ; Sedimentation ; Regression (Geomorphologie) ; Meeresspiegelschwankung ; Tektonik ; Senkung (Tektonik) ; Strukturgeologie ; Stratigraphie ; Sedimentationsbecken ; Sedimentationszyklus ; Sedimentologie ; Becken (Geologie)
    Description / Table of Contents: Concepts and Models --- The falling stage systems tract: recognition and importance in sequence stratigraphic analysis / A. Guy Plint and Dag Nummedal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 1-17, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.01 --- Aspects of the stratal architecture of forced regressive deposits / Henry W. Posamentier and William R. Morris / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 19-46, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.02 --- Palaeozoic-Mesozoic --- Carbonate megabreccias in a sequence stratigraphic context; evidence from the Cambrian of North Greenland / Jon R. Ineson and Finn Surlyk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 47-68, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.03 --- Shingled, sharp-based shoreface sandstones: depositional response to stepwise forced regression in a shallow basin, Upper Triassic Gassum Formation, Denmark / Lars Hamberg and Lars Henrik Nielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 69-89, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.04 --- The significance of the Etive Formation in the development of the Brent system: distinction of normal and forced regressions / Tina R. Olsen and Ron J. Steel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 91-112, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.05 --- Forced regressions: recognition, architecture and genesis in the Campanian of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming / Roy Fitzsimmons and Steve Johnson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 113-139, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.06 --- Style contrast between forced regressive and lowstand/transgressive wedges in the Campanian of south-central Wyoming (Hatfield Member of the Haystack Mountains Formation) / Donatella Mellere and Ronald Steel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 141-162, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.07 --- Forward stratigraphic modelling of forced regressions: evidence for the genesis of attached and detached lowstand systems / R. B. Ainsworth, H. Bosscher and M. J. Newall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 163-176, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.08 --- Cenozoic --- Tectonically enhanced forced regressions: examples from growth folds in extensional and compressional settings, the Miocene of the Suez rift and the Eocene of the Pyrenees / Robert L. Gawthorpe, Matt Hall, Ian Sharp and Tom Dreyer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 177-191, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.09 --- Recognition and distinction of normal and forced regression in cyclothemic strata: a Plio-Pleistocene case study from eastern North Island, New Zealand / Douglas W. Haywick / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 193-215, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.10 --- Response of Plio-Pleistocene mixed bioclastic-lithoclastic temperate-water carbonate systems to forced regressions: the Calcarenite di Gravina Formation, Puglia, SE Italy / Marcello Tropeano and Luisa Sabato / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 217-243, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.11 --- Quaternary forced regression deposits in the Adriatic basin and the record of composite sea-level cycles / Fabio Trincardi and Annamaria Correggiari / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 245-269, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.12 --- Depositional response to Quaternary fourth-order sea-level fluctuations on the Latium margin (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) / Francesco L. Chiocci / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 271-289, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.13 --- Sequence stratigraphy and architecture of the Late Pleistocene Lagniappe delta complex, northeast Gulf of Mexico / V. Kolla, P. Biondi, B. Long and R. Fillon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 291-327, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.14 --- Seismic stratigraphy of the Gulf of Cádiz continental shelf: a model for Late Quaternary very high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and response to sea-level fall / F. J. Hernández-Molina, L. Somoza and F. Lobo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 329-362, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.15 --- Along-strike variability of forced regressive deposits: late Quaternary, northern Peloponnesos, Greece / Lesley S. McMurray and Robert L. Gawthorpe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 363-377, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.16
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 383 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390630
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/172/1
    Language: English
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    Carbonate Platform Systems : Components and Interactions (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a collection of papers, with an introduction, concerning the consequences of organism-environment interactions for modern and ancient carbonate platform systems. They arise from the 1999 Lyell Meeting on ‘Organism-Environment Feedbacks in Carbonate Platforms and Reefs’. The papers presented here provide an integrated view of carbonate platforms, emphasizing dynamic interactions at all hierarchical levels and revealing the limitations of uniformitarian analogy in biotically influenced sedimentary systems. Selected case studies from around the world illustrate aspects ranging from the genesis of growth fabrics to changing patterns of carbonate platform development. The text will be of interest to sedimentologists, palaeontologists and marine ecologists alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (231 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390746
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/178/1.toc
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    Orogenic Processes : Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Description / Table of Contents: Research into the orogenic processes that shaped the continental crust of Europe has a long-standing tradition. Why the need to quantify and model? It is not just satisfactory to identify subduction zones, accretionary prisms, island arcs, extensional collapse and other standard items of the geodynamic menu. Such interpretations need to be quantified: extent and composition of subducted crust, angle and speed of subduction, amount and composition olmelts produced, heat sources for metamorphism. All such interpretations have to conform to first principles, and also to stand the test of quantitative balancing - a concept first developed for the conservation of length or volume in tectonic cross sections. Also in other fields, the correlation of causes and effects and the internal consistency of dynamic models requires a numerical approach. The present volume combines review articles with reports on recent progress in an attempt to address these aims. There is a foldout map of the region, which locates the main areas of outcrop and tectono-stratigraphic units, and a reassesment of the Palaeozoic time scale permits correlation of tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic events with the sedimentary record of the upper crust.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (459 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390738
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/179/1.toc
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    The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Description / Table of Contents: Bivalves are key components of Recent marine and freshwater ecosystems and have been so for most of the Phanerozoic. Their rich and long fossil record, combined with their abundance and diversity in modern seas, has made bivalves the ideal subject of palaeobiological and evolutionary studies. Despite this, however, topics such as the early evolution of the class, relationships between various taxa and the life habits of some key extinct forms have remained remarkably unclear. In the last few years there has been enormous expansion in the range of techniques available to both palaeontologists and zoologists and key discoveries of new faunas which shed new light on the evolutionary biology of this important class. This volume integrates palaeontological and zoological approaches and sheds new light on the course of bivalve evolution. This series of 32 original papers tackles key issues including: up to date molecular phylogenies of major groups; new hard and soft tissue morphological cladistic analyses; reassessments of the early Palaeozoic radiation; important new observations on form and functional morphology; analyses of biogeography and biodiversity; novel (palaeo)ecological studies
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 494 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390762
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/177/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Transformation Processes in Minerals (2000)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
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    Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Phase transformations occur in most types of materials, including ceramics, metals, polymers, diverse organic and inorganic compounds, minerals, and even crystalline viruses. They have been studied in almost all branches of science, but particularly in physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science and earth sciences. In some cases the objective has been to produce materials in which phase transformations are suppressed, to preserve the structural integrity of some engineering product, for example, while in other cases the objective is to maximise the effects of a transformation, so as to enhance properties such as superconductivity, for example. A long tradition of studying transformation processes in minerals has evolved from the need to understand the physical and thermodynamic properties of minerals in the bulk earth and in the natural environment at its surface. The processes of interest have included magnetism, ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, atomic ordering, radiation damage, polymorphism, amorphisation and many others—in fact there are very few minerals which show no influence of transformation processes in the critical range of pressures and temperatures relevant to the earth. As in all other areas of science, an intense effort has been made to turn qualitative under-standing into quantitative description and prediction via the simultaneous development of theory, experiments and simulations. In the last few years rather fast progress has been made in this context, largely through an inter-disciplinary effort, and it seemed to us to be timely to produce a review volume for the benefit of the wider scientific community which summarises the current state of the art. The selection of transformation processes covered here is by no means comprehensive, but represents a coherent view of some of the most important processes which occur specifically in minerals. A number of the contributors have been involved in a European Union funded research network with the same theme, under the Training and Mobility of Researchers programme, which has stimulated much of the most recent progress in some of the areas covered. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 361 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950510
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/39/1.toc
    Language: English
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    High-Temperature and High Pressure Crystal Chemistry (2000)
    Washington, DC : Mineralogical Society of America
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    Description / Table of Contents: The first half-century of X-ray crystallography, beginning with the elucidation of the sodium chloride structure in 1914, was devoted principally to the determination of increasingly complex atomic topologies at ambient conditions. The pioneering work of the Braggs, Pauling, Wyckoff, Zachariasen and many other investigators revealed the structural details and underlying crystal chemical principles for most rock-forming minerals (see, for example, Crystallography in North America, edited by D. McLachlan and J. P. Glusker, NY, American Crystallographic Association, 1983). These studies laid the crystallographic foundation for modem mineralogy. The past three decades have seen a dramatic expansion of this traditional crystallographic role to the study of the relatively subtle variations of crystal structure as a function of temperature, pressure, or composition. Special sessions on "High temperature crystal chemistry" were first held at the Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (April 19, 1972) and the Ninth International Congress of Crystallography (August 30, 1972). The Mineralogical Society of America subsequently published a special 11-paper section of American Mineralogist entitled "High Temperature Crystal Chemistry," which appeared as Volume 58, Numbers 5 and 6, Part I in July-August, 1973. The first complete three-dimensional structure refinements of minerals at high pressure were completed in the same year on calcite (Merrill and Bassett, Acta Crystallographica B31, 343-349, 1975) and on gillespite (Hazen and Burnham, American Mineralogist 59, 1166-1176, 1974). Rapid advances in the field of non-ambient crystallography prompted Hazen and Finger to prepare the monograph Comparative Crystal Chemistry: Temperature, Pressure, Composition and the Variation of Crystal Structure (New York: Wiley, 1982). At the time, only about 50 publications documenting the three-dimensional variation of crystal structures at high temperature or pressure had been published, though general crystal chemical trends were beginning to emerge. That work, though increasingly out of date, remained in print until recently as the only comprehensive overview of experimental techniques, data analysis, and results for this crystallographic sub-discipline. This Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry volume was conceived as an updated version of Comparative Crystal Chemistry. A preliminary chapter outline was drafted at the Fall 1998 American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco by Ross Angel, Robert Downs, Larry Finger, Robert Hazen, Charles Prewitt and Nancy Ross. In a sense, this volume was seen as a "changing of the guard" in the study of crystal structures at high temperature and pressure. Larry Finger retired from the Geophysical Laboratory in July, 1999, at which time Robert Hazen had shifted his research focus to mineral-mediated organic synthesis. Many other scientists, including most of the authors in this volume, are now advancing the field by expanding the available range of temperature and pressure, increasing the precision and accuracy of structural refinements at non-ambient conditions, and studying ever more complex structures. The principal objective of this volume is to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the field of high-temperature and high-pressure crystal chemistry, both as a guide to the dramatically improved techniques and as a summary of the voluminous crystal chemical literature on minerals at high temperature and pressure. The book is largely tutorial in style and presentation, though a basic knowledge of X-ray crystallographic techniques and crystal chemical principles is assumed. The book is divided into three parts. Part I introduces crystal chemical considerations of special relevance to non-ambient crystallographic studies. Chapter 1 treats systematic trends in the variation of structural parameters, including bond distances, cation coordination, and order-disorder with temperature and pressure, while Chapter 2 considers P-V-T equation-of-state formulations relevant to x-ray structure data. Chapter 3 reviews the variation of thermal displacement parameters with temperature and pressure. Chapter 4 describes a method for producing revealing movies of structural variations with pressure, temperature or composition, and features a series of "flip-book" animations. These animations and other structural movies are also available as a supplement to this volume on the Mineralogical Society of America web site at (http://www.minsocam.orgIMSAlRimlRim41.html). Part II reviews the temperature- and pressure-variation of structures in major mineral groups. Chapter 5 presents crystal chemical systematics of high-pressure silicate structures with six-coordinated silicon. Subsequent chapters highlight temperature- and pressure variations of dense oxides (Chapter 6), orthosilicates (Chapter 7), pyroxenes and other chain silicates (Chapter 8), framework and other rigid-mode structures (Chapter 9), and carbonates (Chapter 10). Finally, the variation of hydrous phases and hydrogen bonding are reviewed in Chapter 11, while molecular solids are summarized in Chapter 12. Part III presents experimental techniques for high-temperature and high-pressure studies of single crystals (Chapters 13 and 14, respectively) and polycrystalline samples (Chapter 15). Special considerations relating to diffractometry on samples at non-ambient conditions are treated in Chapter 16. Tables in these chapters list sources for relevant hardware, including commercially available furnaces and diamond-anvil cells. Crystallographic software packages, including diffractometer operating systems, have been placed on the Mineralogical Society web site for this volume. This volume is not exhaustive and opportunities exist for additional publications that review and summarize research on other mineral groups. A significant literature on the high-temperature and high-pressure structural variation of sulfides, for example, is not covered here. Also missing from this compilation are references to a variety of studies of halides, layered oxide superconductors, metal alloys, and a number of unusual silicate structures.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 597 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780939950539
    URL: http://rimg.geoscienceworld.org/content/41/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Holocene Land-Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: An introduction to Holocene land-ocean interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea / I. Shennan and J. Andrews / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 1-7, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.01 --- Analysis and interpretation of Holocene sedimentary sequences in the Humber Estuary / J. Ridgway, J. E. Andrews, S. Ellis, B. P. Horton, J. B. Innes, R. W. O’B. Knox, J. J. McArthur, B. A. Maher, S. E. Metcalfe, A. Mitlehner, A. Parkes, J. G. Rees, G. M. Samways and I. Shennan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 9-39, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.02 --- Implications of a microfossil-based transfer function in Holocene sea-level studies / B. P. Horton, R. J. Edwards and J. M. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 41-54, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.03 --- Luminescence dating of fine-grain Holocene sediments from a coastal setting / I. K. Bailiff and M. J. Tooley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 55-67, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.04 --- The development of a methodology for luminescence dating of Holocene sediments at the land-ocean interface / M. L. Clarke and H. M. Rendell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 69-86, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.05 --- Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse basin and its influence on river dynamics and sediment fluxes to the coastal zone / M. G. Macklin, M. P. Taylor, K. A. Hudson-Edwards and A. J. Howard / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 87-96, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.06 --- The Holocene evolution of the Humber Estuary: reconstructing change in a dynamic environment / S. E. Metcalfe, S. Ellis, B. P. Horton, J. B. Innes, J. McArthur, A. Mitlehner, A. Parkes, J. S. Pethick, J. Rees, J. Ridgway, M. M. Rutherford, I. Shennan and M. J. Tooley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 97-118, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.07 --- Holocene sediment storage in the Humber Estuary / J. G. Rees, J. Ridgway, S. Ellis, R. W. O’B. Knox, R. Newsham and A. Parkes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 119-143, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.08 --- Origin, abundance and storage of organic carbon and sulphur in the Holocene Humber Estuary: emphasizing human impact on storage changes / J. E. Andrews, G. Samways, P. F. Dennis and B. A. Maher / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 145-170, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.09 --- Sediment provenance and flux in the Tees Estuary: the record from the Late Devensian to the present / A. J. Plater, J. Ridgway, B. Rayner, I. Shennan, B. P. Horton, E. Y. Haworth, M. R. Wright, M. M. Rutherford and A. G. Wintle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 171-195, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.10 --- Holocene coastal dune initiation in Northumberland and Norfolk, eastern UK: climate and sea-level changes as possible forcing agents for dune initiation / J. D. Orford, P. Wilson, A. G. Wintle, J. Knight and S. Braley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 197-217, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.11 --- Sedimentary evolution of the north Norfolk barrier coastline in the context of Holocene sea-level change / J. E. Andrews, I. Boomer, I. Bailiff, P. Balson, C. Bristow, P. N. Chroston, B. M. Funnell, G. M. Harwood, R. Jones, B. A. Maher and G. B. Shimmield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 219-251, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.12 --- Holocene sedimentary evolution and palaeocoastlines of the Fenland embayment, eastern England / David S. Brew, Tina Holt, Ken Pye and Rhonda Newsham / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 253-273, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.13 --- Holocene isostasy and relative sea-level changes on the east coast of England / I. Shennan, K. Lambeck, B. Horton, J. Innes, J. Lloyd, J. McArthur and M. Rutherford / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 275-298, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.14 --- Modelling western North Sea palaeogeographies and tidal changes during the Holocene / I. Shennan, K. Lambeck, R. Flather, B. Horton, J. McArthur, J. Innes, J. Lloyd, M. Rutherford and R. Wingfield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 299-319, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.15
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390541
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/166/1
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geoscience (2000)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: fractals ; geodynamics ; geometry ; lithosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: Concepts and methods of fractal geometry penetrate various branches of human knowledge to an increasing degree. This tendency is particularly striking in the geosciences, because many processes occurring in and on the Earth result in time dependences and spatial patterns that have a fractal character. The contributions in this volume arose from the "3rd International Symposium on Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences", held at Stara Lesna, Slovakia in June, 1997. The volume contains new ideas and applications of fractal geometry in such diverse branches of geoscience as engineering geology, the physics of the lithosphere (including faulting, seismicity, and fluid flow), and climate behavior.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764363093
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/157/4/
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Seismic Hazard of the Circum-Pannonian Region (2000)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismic interpretation ; seismic structure ; seismic zoning ; seismicity ; vrancea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 279 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9783764362638
    URL: https://link.springer.com/journal/24/157/1/
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Groundwater in the Celtic Regions : Studies in Hard Rock and Quaternary Hydrogeology (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers a diverse range of hydrogeological environments that occur in the Celtic regions of Britain and Ireland. These include hard rock aquifers of Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian age, generally dominated by fracture flow within a shallow zone of weathering; Carboniferous Limestone aquifers, often characterized by conduit flows in karstic systems; dual-porosity Permo-Triassic sandstone aquifers; and Quaternary deposits, many of which form shallow granular aquifers. The papers presented here address a number of current issues common to the Celtic regions, including: groundwater protection policies, groundwater management in karst aquifers, groundwater development in Quaternary aquifers, groundwater evaluation in data-scarce aquifers and groundwater supplies to small island communities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (273 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390070
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/182/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Salt, Shale and Igneous Diapirs in and around Europe (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The ten articles in this book describe the mode of emplacement of various types of intrusions (salt diapirs, mud volcanoes and magmatic bodies) by means of theoretical reasoning, analogue and analytical modelling, interpretation of seismic and field data, and geodetic surveying. All the articles emphasize the role of regional tectonics in driving or controlling the emplacement of the intrusions. The selection of articles includes examples from Spain, Romania, onshore and offshore Italy, the Eastern Mediterranean, Israel and iran. Better understanding of the mode of emplacement of these intrusions has applications in hydrocarbon exploration (e.g., where salt structures or mud diapirs are present) and in the mining industry (where mineralization is related to the emplacement of batholiths).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390665
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/174/1
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains 23 papers from a range of international contributors, describing recent research into the tectonics and magmatism of Turkey and its surroundings. This region is sited at the collision zone between Eurasia and Afro-Arabia and, as such, provides an extraordinarily complete and well-exposed record of the staged tectonic evolution of this sector of the Alpine-Himalayan orogen. The geological history of this area involves separation of continental fragments from the margin of Gondwana, their migration across the Tethyan oceans, the subsequent closure of these oceans and, finally, the development of the neotectonic regime, which continues to evolve to the present day. Such a comprehensive record is relevant to the understanding of collisional zones worldwide. The volume is divided into five sections: Tethyan evolution, Neotethyan ophiolites, post-Tethyan basin evolution, neotectonics and igneous activity. The first two sections deal with Tethyan oceans, whose growth and subsequent closure dominated the geodynamic framework in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The subsequent sections deal with more recent geological developments from the Balkan Peninsula in the west to the Transcaucasus in the east that followed consumption of the Tethyan oceans. There is a broad mix of papers throughout the volume: wide-ranging review papers on ocean development and extensional tectonics are followed by detailed descriptions of petrology and geochemistry and geographically focused studies on basin evolution, specific aspects of extensional and strike-slip tectonics and discussions of the relationship of magmatic activity to the tectonic development of the area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390649
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/173/1
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    The Archaeology of Geological Catastrophes (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Geoarchäologie ; Naturkatastrophe ; Archaeological geology ; Archaeology ; Archaeology and natural disasters ; Archäologie ; Archéologie et catastrophes naturelles ; Catastrophes (Geology) ; Catastrophes naturelles ; Earthquakes ; Effect of environment on ; Geschichte ; History ; Human beings ; Methodology ; Tremblements de terre ; Volcanoes ; Volcans
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface / Iain Stewart / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, vii-ix, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.01 --- Creation and destruction of travertine monumental stone by earthquake faulting at Hierapolis, Turkey / P. L. Hancock, R. M. L. Chalmers, E. Altunel, Z. Çakir and A. Becher-Hancock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 1-14, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.02 --- Uses of volcanic products in antiquity / D. R. Griffiths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 15-23, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.03 --- The advent of archaeoseismology in the Mediterranean / R. E. Jones and S. C. Stiros / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 25-32, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.04 --- A critical reappraisal of the classical texts and archaeological evidence for earthquakes in the Atalanti region, central mainland Greece / Victoria Buck and Iain Stewart / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 33-44, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.05 --- Aims and methods in territorial archaeology: possible clues to a strong fourth-century AD earthquake in the Straits of Messina (southern Italy) / Emanuela Guidoboni, Anna Muggia and Gianluca Valensise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 45-70, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.06 --- Santorini (Greece) before the Minoan eruption: a reconstruction of the ring-island, natural resources and clay deposits from the Akrotiri excavation / Walter L. Friedrich, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz and Ole Bjørslev Nielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 71-80, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.07 --- The eruption of the Santorini volcano and its effects on Minoan Crete / Jan Driessen and Colin F. MacDonald / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 81-93, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.08 --- Late Minoan IB marine ware, the marine environment of the Aegean, and the Bronze Age eruption of the Thera volcano / Peter Bicknell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 95-103, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.09 --- Ground-penetrating radar mapping of Minoan volcanic deposits and the Late Bronze Age palaeotopography, Thera, Greece / James K. Russell and Mark V. Stasiuk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 105-121, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.10 --- Precursory phenomena and destructive events related to the Late Bronze Age Minoan (Thera, Greece) and AD 79 (Vesuvius, Italy) Plinian eruptions; inferences from the stratigraphy in the archaeological areas / Raffaello Cioni, Lucia Gurioli, Alessandro Sbrana and Georges Vougioukalakis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 123-141, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.11 --- A geographical information system for the archaeological area of Pompeii / M. T. Pareschi, G. Stefani, A. Varone, L. Cavarra, F. Giannini and A. Meriggi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 143-158, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.12 --- Apulian Bronze Age pottery as a long-distance indicator of the Avellino Pumice eruption (Vesuvius, Italy) / Raffaello Cioni, Sara Levi and Roberto Sulpizio / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 159-177, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.13 --- Human response to Etna volcano during the classical period / D. K. Chester, A. M. Duncan, J. E. Guest, P. A. Johnston and J. J. L. Smolenaars / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 179-188, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.14 --- The Johnston-Lavis collection: a unique record of Italian volcanism / W. L. Kirk, R. Siddall and S. Stead / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 189-194, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.15 --- The archaeology of a Plinian eruption of the Popocatépetl volcano / Patricia Plunket and Gabriela Uruñuela / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 195-203, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.16 --- Timing of the prehistoric eruption of Xitle Volcano and the abandonment of Cuicuilco Pyramid, Southern Basin of Mexico / Silvia Gonzalez, Alejandro Pastrana, Claus Siebe and Geoff Duller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 205-224, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.17 --- Volcanic disasters and cultural discontinuities in Holocene time, in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea / Robin Torrence, Christina Pavlides, Peter Jackson and John Webb / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 225-244, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.18 --- Tephrochronology of the Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: what can and cannot be done with tephra deposits / James R. Riehle, Don. E. Dumond, Charles E. Meyer and Jeanne M. Schaaf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 245-266, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19 --- Endemic stress, farming communities and the influence of Icelandic volcanic eruptions in the Scottish Highlands / R. A. Dodgshon, D. D. Gilbertson and J. P. Grattan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 267-280, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.20 --- Comparison and cross-checking of historical, archaeological and geological evidence for the location and type of historical and sub-historical eruptions of multiple-vent oceanic island volcanoes / S. J. Day, J. C. Carracedo, H. Guillou, F. J. Pais Pais, E. Rodriguez Badiola, J. F. B. D. Fonseca and S. I. N. Heleno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 281-306, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.21 --- ‘A fire spitting volcano in our dear Germany’: documentary evidence for a low-intensity volcanic eruption of the Gleichberg in 1783? / J. P. Grattan, D. D. Gilbertson and A. Dill / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 307-315, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.22 --- Volcanic soils: their nature and significance for archaeology / Peter James, David Chester and Angus Duncan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 317-338, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.23 --- The use of volcaniclastic material in Roman hydraulic concretes: a brief review / Ruth Siddall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 339-344, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.24 --- Olmec stone sculpture: selection criteria for basalt / Patrick Hunt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 345-353, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.25 --- Seismic and volcanic hazards affecting the vulnerability of the Sana’a area of Yemen / Richard Hughes and Adrian Collings / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 355-372, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.26 --- Archaeological, geomorphological and geological evidence for a major earthquake at Sagalassos (SW Turkey) around the middle of the seventh century AD / Marc Waelkens, Manuel Sintubin, Philippe Muchez and Etienne Paulissen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 373-383, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.27 --- Fault pattern of Nisyros Island volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece): structural, coastal and archaeological evidence / Stathis C. Stiros / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 385-397, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.28 --- The geological origins of the oracle at Delphi, Greece / J. Z. De Boer and J. R. Hale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 171, 399-412, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.29
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 412 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390622
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/171/1
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Norwegen (West) ; Seismik ; Seismische Stratigraphie ; Plattentektonik ; Bruchtektonik ; Norwegen ; Reflexionsseismik ; Strukturgeologie ; Tektonik ; Subduktion ; Becken (Geologie) ; Geologie ; Geodynamik ; Kontinentale Erdkruste ; Kontinentalrand ; Vulkanismus ; Geophysik
    Description / Table of Contents: Integrated Basin Studies — Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin: an introduction / Arvid Nøttvedt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 1-14, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.01 --- Intra-Plate Rifting and Basin Formation --- Crustal structure in the northern North Sea: an integrated geophysical study / P. Christiansson, J. I. Faleide and A. M. Berge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 15-40, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.02 --- The geometries and deep structure of the northern North Sea rift system / Tore Odinsen, Peter Christiansson, Roy H. Gabrielsen, Jan Inge Faleide and Anker M. Berge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 41-57, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.03 --- Repeated lithosphere extension in the northern Viking Graben: a coupled or a decoupled rheology? / M. Ter Voorde, R. B. Færseth, R. H. Gabrielsen and S. A. P. L. Cloetingh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 59-81, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.04 --- Permo-Triassic and Jurassic extension in the northern North Sea: results from tectonostratigraphic forward modelling / Tore Odinsen, Paul Reemst, Peter Van Der Beek, Jan Inge Faleide and Roy H. Gabrielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 83-103, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.05 --- Detachments and low-angle faults in the northern North Sea rift system / Haakon Fossen, Tore Odinsen, Roald B. Færseth and Roy H. Gabrielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 105-131, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.06 --- Basin Filling --- Syn-rift sedimentary architectures in the Northern North Sea / R. Ravnås, A. Nøttvedt, R. J. Steel and J. Windelstad / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 133-177, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.07 --- Syn-rift evolution and resulting play models in the Snorre-H area, northern North Sea / Arvid Nøttvedt, Anker M. Berge, Nancye H. Dawers, Roald B. Færseth, Kjell O. Häger, Gunn Mangerud and Cai Puigdefabregas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 179-218, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.08 --- Cenozoic evolution of the central and northern North Sea with focus on differential vertical movements of the basin floor and surrounding clastic source areas / Henrik Jordt, Brit I. Thyberg and Arvid Nøttvedt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 219-243, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.09 --- Relationships between sequence stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry in Cenozoic sediments of the northern North Sea / B. I. Thyberg, H. Jordt, K. Bjørlykke and J. I. Faleide / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 245-272, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.10 --- Cenozoic tectonic subsidence from 2D depositional simulations of a regional transect in the northern North Sea basin / Rune Kyrkjebø, Martin Hamborg, Jan Inge Faleide, Henrik Jordt and Peter Christiansson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 273-294, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.11 --- Conjugate Volcanic Margins --- NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation / Jakob Skogseid, Sverre Planke, Jan Inge Faleide, Tom Pedersen, Olav Eldholm and Flemming Neverdal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 295-326, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.12 --- The tectonic evolution of the Norwegian Sea Continental Margin with emphasis on the Vøring and Møre Basins / Harald Brekke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 327-378, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.13 --- Late Cretaceous and Tertiary structural evolution of the northeastern part of the Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea / Tommy Egebjerg Mogensen, Rune Nyby, Ridvan Karpuz and Pål Haremo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 379-396, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.14 --- Norwegian-Greenland Sea thermal field / Eirik Sundvor, Olav Eldholm, Tadeusz P Gladczenko and Sverre Planke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 397-410, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.15 --- Atlantic volcanic margins: a comparative study / O. Eldholm, T. P. Gladczenko, J. Skogseid and S. Planke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 411-428, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.16 --- Present Stress --- Crustal stress and tectonics in Norwegian regions determined from earthquake focal mechanisms / Conrad D. Lindholm, Hilmar Bungum, Erik Hicks and Mario Villagran / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 429-439, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.17 --- Crustal stress in and around Norway: a compliation of in situ stress observations / Morten Fejerskov, Conrad Lindholm, Arne Myrvang and Hilmar Bungum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 441-449, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.18 --- Crustal stress in and around Norway: an evaluation of stress-generating mechanisms / Morten Fejerskov and Conrad Lindholm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 451-467, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.19
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 472 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390568
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/167/1
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    Deformation of Glacial Materials (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The flow of glacier ice can produce structures that are striking and beautiful. Associated sediments,too, can develop spectacular deformation structures, and examples are remarkbly well preserved in Quaternary deposits. Although such features have long been recognized, they are now the subject of new attention from glaciologists and glacial geologists. This collection of papers addresses how the methods for unravelling deformation structures evolved in recent years by structural geologists can be used for glacial materials, and the opportunities offered to structural geologists by glacial materials for studying deformation in rocks.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862390720
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/176/1
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat Syntaxis and the Western Himalaya : [papers in this volume arise from the thirteenth Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop held in the University of Peshawar, Pakistan on 20 - 22 April 1998] (2000)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Pakistan ; Geologie ; Geomorphologie ; Tektonik ; Orogenese ; Himalaja ; Historische Geologie ; Platte ; Geologie ; Kontinentale Erdkruste ; Metamorphose ; Geochronologie ; Nanga Parbat ; Topografie ; Epirogenese ; Tiefenstruktur ; Gravimetrie ; Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet ; Lithosphäre ; Erdmantel ; Plattentektonik ; Tiefentektonik ; Tektonosphäre ; Plate Tectonics ; Himalaya Mountains ; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) ; Himalaya Mountains Region
    Description / Table of Contents: Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis and the western Himalaya: an introduction / Peter J. Treloar, Michael P. Searle, M. Asif Khan and M. Qasim Jan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 1-6, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.01 --- The gravity field of the Karakoram Mountain Range and surrounding areas / A. Caporali / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 7-23, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.02 --- Mafic sheets from Indian plate gneisses in the Nanga Parbat syntaxis: their significance in dating crustal growth and metamorphic and deformation events / P. J. Treloar, M. T. George and A. G. Whittington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 25-50, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.03 --- Structural evolution of the western margin of the Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan Himalaya: insights from the Raikhot-Liachar area / R. W. H. Butler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 51-75, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.04 --- Tectonics of the SW margin of the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif / M. A. Edwards, W. S. F. Kidd, M. A. Khan and D. A. Schneider / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 77-100, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.05 --- The evolution of the Main Mantle Thrust in the Western Syntaxis, Northern Pakistan / T. W. Argles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 101-122, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.06 --- Geological structure of the southern part of the Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan Himalaya, and its tectonic implications / R. W. H. Butler, J. Wheeler, P. J. Treloar and C. Jones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 123-136, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.07 --- Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Pakistan Himalaya / P. J. Treloar, D. C. Rex, P. G. Guise, J. Wheeler, A. J. Hurford and A. Carter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 137-162, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.08 --- Unroofing of the Nanga Parbat Himalaya / J. F. Shroder and M. P. Bishop / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 163-179, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.09 --- Remote sensing and geomorphometric assessment of topographic complexity and erosion dynamics in the Nanga Parbat massif / M. P. Bishop and J. F. Shroder / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 181-200, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.10 --- Tracing the origins of the western Himalaya: an isotopic comparison of the Nanga Parbat massif and Zanskar Himalaya / A. Whittington, N. B. W. Harris, M. W. Ayres and G. Foster / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 201-218, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.11 --- From buckling to asymmetric folding of the continental lithosphere: numerical modelling and application to the Himalayan syntaxes / J.-P. Burg and Y. Podladchikov / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 219-236, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.12 --- Mantle exhumation along the Tirich Mir Fault Zone, NW Pakistan: pre-mid-Cretaceous accretion of the Karakoram terrane to the Asian margin / A. Zanchi, S. Poli, P. Fumagalli and M. Gaetani / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 237-252, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.13 --- New field, structural and geochronological data from the Shyok and Nubra valleys, northern Ladakh: linking Kohistan to Tibet / R. F. Weinberg, W. J. Dunlap and M. Whitehouse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 253-275, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.14 --- Geological evolution of the Hindu Kush, NW Frontier Pakistan: active margin to continent-continent collision zone / P. R. Hildebrand, M. P. Searle, Shakirullah, Zafarali Khan and H. J. Van Heijst / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 277-293, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.15 --- Pre-collisional anastomosing shear zones in the Kohistan arc, NW Pakistan / L. Arbaret, J.-P. Burg, G. Zeilinger, N. Chaudhry, S. Hussain and H. Dawood / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 295-311, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.16 --- Timing of magmatic and metamorphic events in the Jijal complex of the Kohistan arc deduced from Sm-Nd dating of mafic granulites / H. Yamamoto and E. Nakamura / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 313-319, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.17 --- Isotopic constraints on the evolution of metamorphic conditions in the Jijal-Patan complex and the Kamila Belt of the Kohistan arc, Pakistan Himalaya / R. Anczkiewicz and D. Vance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 321-331, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.18 --- Formation of mélanges in the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya by successive subduction-related, collisional and post-collisional processes during Late Mesozoic-Late Tertiary time / A. H. F. Robertson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 333-374, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.19 --- The Main Mantle Thrust in Pakistan: its character and extent / J. A. DiPietro, A. Hussain, I. Ahmad and M. A. Khan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 375-393, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.20 --- Crustal shortening estimates across the north Indian continental margin, Ladakh, NW India / R. I. Corfield and M. P. Searle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 395-410, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.21 --- Glaucophane and barroisite eclogites from the Upper Kaghan nappe: implications for the metamorphic history of the NW Himalaya / B. Lombardo, F. Rolfo and R. Compagnoni / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 411-430, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.22 --- Metamorphic evolution, 40Ar-39Ar chronology and tectonic model for the Neelum valley, Azad Kashmir, NE Pakistan / D. Fontan, M. Schouppe, C. J. Hunziker, G. Martinotti and J. Verkaeren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 431-453, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.23 --- Exotic conglomerates of the Neogene Siwalik succession and their implications for the tectonic and topographic evolution of the Western Himalaya / I. A. Abbasi and P. F. Friend / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 455-466, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.24 --- Stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northwestern Indian plate and Kabul Block / M. S. Badshah, E. Gnos, M. Q. Jan and M. I. Afridi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 467-476, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.25
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 476 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390614
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/170/1
    Language: English
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