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  • Animals  (592)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (433)
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  • History of the Americas
  • 1995-1999  (1.028)
  • 1996  (1.028)
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  • 1995-1999  (1.028)
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  • 1
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    Intestinal secretory defects and dwarfism in mice lacking cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases (cGKs) mediate cellular signaling induced by nitric oxide and cGMP. Mice deficient in the type II cGK were resistant to Escherichia coli STa, an enterotoxin that stimulates cGMP accumulation and intestinal fluid secretion. The cGKII-deficient mice also developed dwarfism that was caused by a severe defect in endochondral ossification at the growth plates. These results indicate that cGKII plays a central role in diverse physiological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeifer, A -- Aszodi, A -- Seidler, U -- Ruth, P -- Hofmann, F -- Fassler, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2082-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut f-ur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universitat Munchen, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 M-unchen, Germany. pfeifer@ipt.med.tu-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/toxicity ; Body Water/secretion ; *Bone Development ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Diarrhea/physiopathology ; Dwarfism/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Enterotoxins/toxicity ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Growth Plate/enzymology/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*secretion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Osteogenesis ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Complexities in the treatment of autoimmune disease (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McFarland, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2037-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. henrymcf@helix.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*therapy ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Callithrix ; Cytokines/*immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/therapy ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/therapy ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy/*adverse effects ; Mice ; Myelin Proteins ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Fly gene discovery gets at root of branching structures (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2011.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Body Patterning ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Larva/growth & development ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Trachea/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Reexpression of RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes in activated mature mouse B cells (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: Recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2), involved in V(D)J rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes, have been thought to be expressed only in immature stages of B-cell development. However, RAG-1 and RAG-2 transcripts were found to be reexpressed in mature mouse B cells after culture with interleukin-4 in association with several different co-stimuli. Reexpression was also detected in draining lymph nodes from immunized mice. RAG-1 and RAG-2 proteins could be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy in the nuclei of B cells cultured in vitro and in the germinal centers of draining lymph nodes. These findings suggest that RAG gene products play a heretofore unsuspected role in mature B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hikida, M -- Mori, M -- Takai, T -- Tomochika, K -- Hamatani, K -- Ohmori, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2092-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700, Japan. hit2224@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Gene Expression ; *Genes, RAG-1 ; Germinal Center/metabolism ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Interleukin-4/pharmacology ; Interleukins/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Inhibition of adipogenesis through MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of PPARgamma (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: Adipocyte differentiation is an important component of obesity and other metabolic diseases. This process is strongly inhibited by many mitogens and oncogenes. Several growth factors that inhibit fat cell differentiation caused mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the dominant adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and reduction of its transcriptional activity. Expression of PPARgamma with a nonphosphorylatable mutation at this site (serine-112) yielded cells with increased sensitivity to ligand-induced adipogenesis and resistance to inhibition of differentiation by mitogens. These results indicate that covalent modification of PPARgamma by serum and growth factors is a major regulator of the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the adipose cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, E -- Kim, J B -- Sarraf, P -- Spiegelman, B M -- R37DK31405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3T3 Cells ; Adipocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Requirement of CDC42 for Salmonella-induced cytoskeletal and nuclear responses (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium triggers host cell signaling pathways that lead to cytoskeletal and nuclear responses required for pathogenesis. Here, the role of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein CDC42Hs in these responses was examined. Expression of a dominant interfering mutant of CDC42 (CDC42HsN17) prevented S. typhimurium-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequent macropinocytosis and bacterial internalization into host cells. Cells expressing constitutively active CDC42 (CDC42HsV12) internalized an S. typhimurium mutant unable to trigger host cell responses. Furthermore, expression of CDC42HsN17 prevented S. typhimurium-induced JNK kinase activation. These results indicate that CDC42 is required for bacterial invasion and induction of nuclear responses in host cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L M -- Hobbie, S -- Galan, J E -- GM52543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/*ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Pinocytosis ; Salmonella typhimurium/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: The origin of cholera has been elusive, even though scientific evidence clearly shows it is a waterborne disease. However, standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the cholera vibrio from environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. Vibrio cholerae, a marine vibrio, requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant, viable but nonculturable stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and reproduction. The association of Vibrio cholerae with plankton, notably copepods, provides further evidence for the environmental origin of cholera, as well as an explanation for the sporadic and erratic occurrence of cholera epidemics. On a global scale, cholera epidemics can now be related to climate and climatic events, such as El Nino, as well as the global distribution of the plankton host. Remote sensing, with the use of satellite imagery, offers the potential for predicting conditions conducive to cholera outbreaks or epidemics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colwell, R R -- SR01AI 1976-13/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2025-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 550, College Park, MD 20740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Cholera/*epidemiology/history/microbiology/transmission ; *Climate ; Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks/history ; *Global Health ; History, 16th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Vibrio cholerae/classification/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Water Microbiology ; Zooplankton/growth & development/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Ironing out the wrinkles in the prion strain problem (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grady, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/transmission ; Prions/*chemistry/genetics ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Late complications of immune deviation therapy in a nonhuman primate (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: The administration of antigens in soluble form can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance and suppress experimental autoimmune diseases. In a marmoset model of multiple sclerosis induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), marmosets tolerized to MOG were protected against acute disease, but after tolerization treatment a lethal demyelinating disorder emerged. In these animals, MOG-specific T cell proliferative responses were transiently suppressed, cytokine production was shifted from a T helper type 1 (TH1) to a TH2 pattern, and titers of autoantibodies to MOG were enhanced. Thus, immune deviation can increase concentrations of pathogenic autoantibodies and in some circumstances exacerbate autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genain, C P -- Abel, K -- Belmar, N -- Villinger, F -- Rosenberg, D P -- Linington, C -- Raine, C S -- Hauser, S L -- NS 08952/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 30727/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Brain/pathology ; Callithrix ; Cytokines/genetics ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Gene Expression ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy/*adverse effects ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/therapy ; Myelin Proteins ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/*immunology ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Solubility ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Requirement for a noncoding RNA in Drosophila polar granules for germ cell establishment (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1996-12-20
    Beschreibung: In Drosophila embryos, germ cell formation is induced by specialized cytoplasm at the posterior of the egg, the pole plasm. Pole plasm contains polar granules, organelles in which maternally produced molecules required for germ cell formation are assembled. An untranslatable RNA, called Polar granule component (Pgc), was identified and found to be localized in polar granules. Most pole cells in embryos produced by transgenic females expressing antisense Pgc RNA failed to complete migration and to populate the embryonic gonads, and females that developed from these embryos often had agametic ovaries. These results support an essential role for Pgc RNA in germline development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, A -- Amikura, R -- Mukai, M -- Kobayashi, S -- Lasko, P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2075-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, Montr-eal, Qu-ebec H3A 1B1, Canada. paul_lasko@maclan.mcgill.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Cytoplasmic Granules/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila/*embryology/genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Oogenesis ; Ovary/embryology ; Ovum/physiology ; RNA/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Antisense/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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