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  • Female  (132)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (132)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Elsevier
  • Springer
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (132)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1991  (64)
  • 1990  (68)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (132)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Elsevier
  • Springer
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (132)
  • 1985-1989
Year
  • 1
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    Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Reproductive behavior and health in consanguineous marriages (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: In many regions of Asia and Africa, consanguineous marriages currently account for approximately 20 to 50% of all unions, and preliminary observations indicate that migrants from these areas continue to contract marriages with close relatives when resident in North America and Western Europe. Consanguinity is associated with increased gross fertility, due at least in part to younger maternal age at first livebirth. Morbidity and mortality also may be elevated, resulting in comparable numbers of surviving offspring in consanguineous and nonconsanguineous families. With advances in medicine and public health, genetic disorders will account for an increased proportion of disease worldwide. Predictably, this burden will fall more heavily on countries and communities in which consanguinity is strongly favored, as the result of the expression of deleterious recessive genes. However, studies conducted in such populations indicate that the adverse effects associated with inbreeding are experienced by a minority of families.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bittles, A H -- Mason, W M -- Greene, J -- Rao, N A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):789-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉King's College, University of London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; *Consanguinity ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Infertility ; Marriage ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Regression Analysis ; Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Breast cancer: stalemate in the war on cancer (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1719-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*economics/prevention & control/therapy ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Split anergy in a CD8+ T cell: receptor-dependent cytolysis in the absence of interleukin-2 production (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Engagement of the antigen-specific receptor (TCR) of CD4+ T lymphocytes without a second (costimulatory) signal prevents the subsequent production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by these cells. Because IL-2 is a key immunoregulatory lymphokine and is also produced by a subset of CD8+ T cells that are able to kill target cells, the effect of engaging the TCR of one such clone in the absence of costimulatory signals was examined. The capacity for TCR-dependent IL-2 production was lost, indicating comparable costimulator-dependent signaling requirements for IL-2 production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, TCR-mediated cytotoxicity was not impaired, implying that costimulation is required for only certain TCR-dependent effector functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otten, G R -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology/radiation effects ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Molecular nature of the Drosophila sex determination signal and its link to neurogenesis (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: In 1921 it was discovered that the sexual fate of Drosophila is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes. Only recently has it been found that the X chromosome to autosome (X:A) ratio is communicated in part by the dose of sisterless-b (sis-b), an X-linked genetic element located within the achaete-scute complex of genes involved in neurogenesis. In this report, the molecular nature of the primary sex determination signal and its relation to these proneural genes was determined by analysis of sis-b+ germline transformants. The sis-b+ function is confered by protein T4, a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Although T4 is shared by sis-b and scute-alpha, the regulatory regions of sis-b, which control T4 expression in sex determination, are both separable from and simpler than those of scute-alpha, which control T4 expression in neurogenesis. Dose-sensitive cooperative interactions in the assembly or binding of sis-dependent transcription factors may directly determine the activity of the female-specific promoter of Sex-lethal, the master regulator of sexual development. In this model there is no need to invoke the existence of analogous autosomal negative regulators of Sex-lethal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, J W -- Cline, T W -- GM 23468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1071-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genes, Lethal ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Restriction Mapping ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Viruses in human cancers (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-22
    Description: Viruses may contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: indirectly by inducing immunosuppression or by modifying the host cell genome without persistence of viral DNA; directly by inducing oncoproteins or by altering the expression of host cell proteins at the site of viral DNA integration. Human cancers associated with papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus infections are responsible for approximately 15 percent of the worldwide cancer incidence. Cancer of the cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma account for about 80 percent of virus-linked cancers. Because experimental and epidemiologic data imply a causative role for viruses, particularly in cervical and liver cancer, viruses must be thought of as the second most important risk factor for cancer development in humans, exceeded only by tobacco consumption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉zur Hausen, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1167-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1659743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anus Neoplasms/microbiology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/microbiology ; Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/microbiology ; Liver Neoplasms/microbiology ; Neoplasms/*microbiology ; *Oncogenic Viruses ; Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Improvements seen for RU-486 abortions (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maurice, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):198, 200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; Female ; Humans ; Internationality ; Mifepristone/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; *Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Exchange of conduction pathways between two related K+ channels (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: The structure of the ion conduction pathway or pore of voltage-gated ion channels is unknown, although the linker between the membrane spanning segments S5 and S6 has been suggested to form part of the pore in potassium channels. To test whether this region controls potassium channel conduction, a 21-amino acid segment of the S5-S6 linker was transplanted from the voltage-activated potassium channel NGK2 to another potassium channel DRK1, which has very different pore properties. In the resulting chimeric channel, the single channel conductance and blockade by external and internal tetraethylammonium (TEA) ion were characteristic of the donor NGK2 channel. Thus, this 21-amino acid segment controls the essential biophysical properties of the pore and may form the conduction pathway of these potassium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, H A -- Kirsch, G E -- Drewe, J A -- Taglialatela, M -- Joho, R H -- Brown, A M -- NS08805/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23877/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28407/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2000495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/physiology ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Oocytes/physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Rats ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: National, longitudinal surveys from Great Britain and the United States were used to investigate the effects of divorce on children. In both studies, a subsample of children who were in two-parent families during the initial interview (at age 7 in the British data and at ages 7 to 11 in the U.S. data) were followed through the next interview (at age 11 and ages 11 to 16, respectively). At both time points in the British data, parents and teachers independently rated the children's behavior problems, and the children were given reading and mathematics achievement tests. At both time points in the U.S. data, parents rated the children's behavior problems. Children whose parents divorced or separated between the two time points were compared to children whose families remained intact. For boys, the apparent effect of separation or divorce on behavior problems and achievement at the later time point was sharply reduced by considering behavior problems, achievement levels, and family difficulties that were present at the earlier time point, before any of the families had broken up. For girls, the reduction in the apparent effect of divorce occurred to a lesser but still noticeable extent once preexisting conditions were considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherlin, A J -- Furstenberg, F F Jr -- Chase-Lansdale, L -- Kiernan, K E -- Robins, P K -- Morrison, D R -- Teitler, J O -- HD25936/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Divorce/*psychology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Name of the game? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 6;253(5024):1075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethics, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories/organization & administration ; Male ; Research Support as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Fatal sibling aggression, precocial development, and androgens in neonatal spotted hyenas (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: Fatal neonatal sibling aggression is common in predatory birds but has not been previously reported in wild mammals. Spotted hyena females are strongly masculinized, both anatomically and behaviorally, apparently by high levels of androgens during ontogeny. Neonates display elevated androgen levels, precocial motor development, and fully erupted front teeth. Litters are usually twins, and siblings fight violently at birth, apparently leading to the death of one sibling in same-sex litters, whereas in mixed-sex litters both siblings usually survive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, L G -- Glickman, S E -- Licht, P -- MH39917/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):702-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Androgens/*blood ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Carnivora/*physiology ; Dentition ; Female ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Sibling Relations ; Tooth Eruption/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Oh, for a normal brain! (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autopsy ; Brain/anatomy & histology/pathology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Biology and homosexuality (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Another sex survey bites the dust (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    FISHing cuts the angst in amniocentesis (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):378-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Feminist group dissents on RU-486 use for abortion (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; Female ; Humans ; Mifepristone/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Whom do yew trust? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langreth, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1676541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/*isolation & purification/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*isolation & purification ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Oregon ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Paclitaxel ; Trees ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Unraveling the genetics of fragile X syndrome (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Research on animals: unforseen benefits (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma/diagnosis ; *Research ; Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The brain as "sexual organ" (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Corpus Callosum/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Abortion stirs the neuroscience gumbo (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Louisiana ; *Neurology ; Pregnancy ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: The anterior hypothalamus of the brain participates in the regulation of male-typical sexual behavior. The volumes of four cell groups in this region [interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH) 1, 2, 3, and 4] were measured in postmortem tissue from three subject groups: women, men who were presumed to be heterosexual, and homosexual men. No differences were found between the groups in the volumes of INAH 1, 2, or 4. As has been reported previously, INAH 3 was more than twice as large in the heterosexual men as in the women. It was also, however, more than twice as large in the heterosexual men as in the homosexual men. This finding indicates that INAH is dimorphic with sexual orientation, at least in men, and suggests that sexual orientation has a biological substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeVay, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Chiasm/anatomy & histology ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: A link is found between T wave alternans and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation, and a new approach is provided for quantification of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Complex demodulation reveals that alternation of the electrocardiogram is concentrated during the first half of the T wave, coinciding with the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, there are marked increases in the degree of T wave alternans that parallel the established time course of changes in vulnerability. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis is also accurately detected. Ultimately, complex demodulation of the electrocardiogram could provide a technique for identification and management of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nearing, B D -- Huang, A H -- Verrier, R L -- HL-33567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Fibrillation/*physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Is homosexuality biological? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):956-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Sexism charged by Stanford physician (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Female ; Humans ; *Neurosurgery ; *Prejudice ; Schools, Medical ; *Women
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  • 26
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    Using immunity to block conception (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1998115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contraception/*methods ; Egg Proteins/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Spermatozoa/immunology ; Vaccines
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Proliferative breast disease: diagnosis and implications (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, D L -- Dupont, W D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):915-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia
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  • 28
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    Effect of light chain V region duplication on IgG oligomerization and in vivo efficacy (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody oligomer was isolated from a transfected myeloma cell line that produced a monoclonal antibody to group B streptococci. Compared to the IgG1 monomer, the oligomer was significantly more effective at protecting neonatal rats from infection in vivo. The oligomer was also shown to cross the placenta and to be stable in neonatal rats. Immunochemical analysis and complementary DNA sequencing showed that the transfected cell line produced two distinct kappa light chains: a normal light chain (Ln) with a molecular mass of 25 kilodaltons and a 37-kilodalton species (L37), the domain composition of which was variable-variable-constant (V-V-C). Cotransfection of vectors encoding the heavy chain and L37 resulted in production of oligomeric IgG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuford, W -- Raff, H V -- Finley, J W -- Esselstyn, J -- Harris, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immune Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute-Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Cell Line ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Healy gets off to a fast start (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administrative Personnel ; Budgets ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Women's Health
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  • 30
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    The anion paradox in sodium taste reception: resolution by voltage-clamp studies (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: Sodium salts are potent taste stimuli, but their effectiveness is markedly dependent on the anion, with chloride yielding the greatest response. The cellular mechanisms that mediate this phenomenon are not known. This "anion paradox" has been resolved by considering the field potential that is generated by restricted electrodiffusion of the anion through paracellular shunts between taste-bud cells. Neural responses to sodium chloride, sodium acetate, and sodium gluconate were studied while the field potential was voltage-clamped. Clamping at electronegative values eliminated the anion effect, whereas clamping at electropositive potentials exaggerated it. Thus, field potentials across the lingual epithelium modulate taste reception, indicating that the functional unit of taste reception includes the taste cell and its paracellular microenvironment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ye, Q -- Heck, G L -- DeSimone, J A -- DC00122/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):724-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0551.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anions ; Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Models, Biological ; Mouth Mucosa/innervation/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Sodium ; *Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Tongue/*innervation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Baltimore throws in the towel (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):768, 770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1851328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; *Publishing ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Social Responsibility ; United States ; United States Office of Research Integrity
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  • 32
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    Women and AIDS (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chavkin, W -- Cohen, J -- Ehrhardt, A A -- Fullilove, M T -- Worth, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):359-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1989069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Stymied sex survey (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2020848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Sexual Behavior ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 34
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    Women lab heads (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freistadt, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Laboratories/*organization & administration ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, R -- Rajewsky, K -- Muller, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Alleles ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Deletion ; Concanavalin A ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Interleukin-4/deficiency/*genetics ; Lymph Nodes/growth & development/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Restriction Mapping ; Spleen/growth & development/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/growth & development/immunology
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  • 36
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    Genes for epilepsy mapped in the mouse (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: The neurological mutant mouse strain E1 is a model for complex partial seizures in humans. The inheritance of epileptic seizures with seven conventional chromosomal markers and over 60 endogenous proviral markers was studied by means of back-crosses of E1 with two seizure-resistant strains, DBA/2J and ABP/LeJ. The major gene responsible for this epileptic phenotype (El-1) was localized to a region distal with respect to the centromere on chromosome 9. At least one other gene, El-2, linked to proviral markers on chromosome 2, also influences the seizure phenotype. In addition, a potential modifier of seizures was detected in the DBA/2J background. The location of El-1 on distal chromosome 9 may allow identification of an epilepsy candidate gene in humans on the basis of conserved synteny with human chromosome 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rise, M L -- Frankel, W N -- Coffin, J M -- Seyfried, T N -- NS 23355/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R35CA44385/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):669-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill 02167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1871601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Epilepsy/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Seizures/genetics ; Software
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  • 37
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    Peripheral selection of the T cell repertoire (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: T lymphocytes undergo selection events not only in the thymus, but also after they leave the thymus and reside in the periphery. Peripheral selection was found to be dependent on T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand interactions but to differ from thymic selection with regard to specificity and mechanism. Unlike thymic selection, peripheral selection required binding of antigen to the TCR, and it induced expansion of T cell clones. Tolerance to self antigens that are restricted to the periphery occurred through the elimination of self-reactive T cells and by the clonal anergy, which was associated with down-regulation of the alpha beta TCR and CD8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rocha, B -- von Boehmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM U-25 CNRS UA-122, Hopital Necker, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Density-dependent natural selection and trade-offs in life history traits (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-26
    Description: Theories of density-dependent natural selection state that at extreme population densities evolution produces alternative life histories due to trade-offs. The trade-offs are presumed to arise because those genotypes with highest fitness at high population densities will not also have high fitness at low density and vice-versa. These predictions were tested by taking samples from six populations of Drosophila melanogaster kept at low population densities (r-populations) for nearly 200 generations and placing them in crowded cultures (K-populations). After 25 generations in the crowded cultures, the derived K-populations showed growth rate and productivity that at high densities were elevated relative to the controls, but at low density were depressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, L D -- Guo, P Z -- Ayala, F J -- S07 RR07008/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 26;253(5018):433-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1907401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Ecology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Population Growth ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 39
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    Induction by NGF of meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes expressing the trk proto-oncogene product (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) was assessed in Xenopus oocytes expressing the human trk proto-oncogene product, p140prototrk. Oocytes injected with trk messenger RNA expressed polypeptides recognized by antibodies to the trk gene product. Exposure of these oocytes to nanomolar amounts of NGF resulted in specific surface binding of 125I-labeled NGF, tyrosine phosphorylation of p140prototrk, and meiotic maturation, as determined by germinal vesicle breakdown and maturation promoting factor (p34cdc2) kinase activation. Thus the trk proto-oncogene product can act as a receptor for NGF in a functionally productive manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nebreda, A R -- Martin-Zanca, D -- Kaplan, D R -- Parada, L F -- Santos, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):558-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Meiosis/*drug effects ; Microinjections ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/genetics ; Receptor, trkA ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 40
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    Long-term high-titer neutralizing activity induced by octameric synthetic HIV-1 antigen (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. Booster immunizations elicited persistent and potent antibodies in guinea pigs, exceeding responses produced by a conventional bovine serum albumin conjugate by 100-fold. Peptide length, central presentation of a conserved sequence, and inclusion of an upstream sequence contributed to immunogenicity. Titers (greater than 1:1,000) of heterotypic neutralizing antibodies also developed. Octameric PND peptides are a promising approach for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, C Y -- Looney, D J -- Li, M L -- Walfield, A M -- Ye, J -- Hosein, B -- Tam, J P -- Wong-Staal, F -- IU01-AI-30238/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):285-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Biomedical, Inc., Lake Success, NY 11042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/*immunology
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  • 41
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    Effect of wnt-1 and related proteins on gap junctional communication in Xenopus embryos (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: The proto-oncogene wnt-1 (previously referred to as int-1) is thought to be important in embryonic pattern formation although its mechanisms of action are unknown. Premature and increased expression of the Wnt-1 protein, achieved by injection of synthetic wnt-1 RNA into fertilized Xenopus eggs, enhanced gap junctional communication between ventral cells of the developing embryo. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that Wnt proteins activate a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway and that gap junctional communication can be a target of this pathway. The effects of two Wnt-1-related proteins on gap junctional communication were also investigated: overexpression of Xwnt-8 increased gap junctional coupling in a manner similar to Wnt-1, whereas Xwnt-5A did not. These findings are consistent with the existence of multiple receptors for Wnt proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, D J -- Christian, J L -- Moon, R T -- DE-07023/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- KO4-AR01837/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR40089/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1173-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastomeres/cytology/*physiology ; *Cell Communication ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology ; Male ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt1 Protein ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins
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  • 42
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    Depletion of CD4+ T cells in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: The maturation of T cells in the thymus is dependent on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. By disruption of the MHC class II Ab beta gene in embryonic stem cells, mice were generated that lack cell surface expression of class II molecules. These MHC class II-deficient mice were depleted of mature CD4+ T cells and were deficient in cell-mediated immune responses. These results provide genetic evidence that class II molecules are required for the maturation and function of mature CD4+ T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grusby, M J -- Johnson, R S -- Papaioannou, V E -- Glimcher, L H -- AI21569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD27295/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1417-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1910207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*immunology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Immunity, Cellular/genetics ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis/classification ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics ; *Lymphocyte Depletion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Stem Cells/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
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    Fetal brain signals time for birth (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1360.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/embryology/*physiology ; *Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/embryology/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Sheep
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  • 44
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    The sobering geography of AIDS (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):372-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Africa ; Asia ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Latin America ; Male ; Middle Aged ; North America ; World Health Organization
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  • 45
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    Sullivan overrules NIH on sex survey (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Adolescence ; *Research Design ; *Sexual Behavior ; United States ; United States Public Health Service/organization & administration
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  • 46
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    Induction of self-tolerance in T cells but not B cells of transgenic mice expressing little self antigen (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Self-tolerance to a transgene-encoded protein, hen egg lysozyme, was examined in the T and B cell repertoires of a series of lines of transgenic mice that expressed different serum concentrations of soluble lysozyme. T cells were tolerant in all lines in which lysozyme was expressed irrespective of the antigen concentration, whereas B cell tolerance did not occur when the serum lysozyme concentration was less than 1.5 nanograms per milliliter (0.1 nM). Induction of elevated transgene expression could restore B cell tolerance. These findings support the hypothesis that autoimmune disease may in some instances arise through a bypass of T cell tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adelstein, S -- Pritchard-Briscoe, H -- Anderson, T A -- Crosbie, J -- Gammon, G -- Loblay, R H -- Basten, A -- Goodnow, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Chickens ; Egg White ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; *Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muramidase/blood/*genetics/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thiocyanates
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    CARET study: women included (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sondik, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):360.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Male ; Sex Factors
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  • 48
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    Dual role of the Drosophila pattern gene tailless in embryonic termini (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: One of the first zygotically active genes required for formation of the terminal domains of the Drosophila embryo is tailless (tll). Expression of the tll gene is activated ectopically in gain-of-function mutants of the maternal terminal gene torso (tor); this suggests that tor normally activates the tll gene in the termini. Ectopic expression of tll under the control of an inducible promoter results in differentiation of ectopic terminal-specific structures, the Filzkorper, and leads to the activation of at least one gene, hunchback, that is required to form these structures. Ectopic expression of the tll gene also represses segmentation by repressing the gap genes Kruppel and knirps and probably also pair rule genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steingrimsson, E -- Pignoni, F -- Liaw, G J -- Lengyel, J A -- 09948/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):418-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
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  • 49
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    Does egg beckon sperm when the time is right? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 12;252(5003):214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ovum/*physiology ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions
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  • 50
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    Quantitation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in fasting humans with 13C NMR (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis was assessed in humans by serially measuring hepatic glycogen concentration at 3- to 12-hour intervals during a 68-hour fast with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The net rate of gluconeogenesis was calculated by subtracting the rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis from the rate of glucose production in the whole body measured with tritiated glucose. Gluconeogenesis accounted for 64 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of total glucose production during the first 22 hours of fasting. In the subsequent 14-hour and 18-hour periods of the fast, gluconeogenesis accounted for 82 +/- 5% and 96 +/- 1% of total glucose production, respectively. These data show that gluconeogenesis accounts for a substantial fraction of total glucose production even during the first 22 hours of a fast in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothman, D L -- Magnusson, I -- Katz, L D -- Shulman, R G -- Shulman, G I -- DK-34576/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-40936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- MO1-RR-00125-26/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):573-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucagon/blood ; *Gluconeogenesis ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Insulin/blood ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Male ; Nitrogen/*urine
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  • 51
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    Forecasting the global AIDS epidemic (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):852-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Computer Simulation ; Contraceptive Devices, Male ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Sexual Partners ; Uganda
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  • 52
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    Site-specific recombination between homologous chromosomes in Drosophila (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-17
    Description: The ability to mark a cell and its descendants genetically so that the resulting cell clone can be distinguished from neighboring cells facilitates studies in animal biology and development. A method of generating clones by inducing homologous mitotic recombination in Drosophila with a site-specific yeast recombinase is described. This method allows for frequent mosaicism after mitotic exchange is induced at predefined sites in the genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golic, K G -- GM25874-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):958-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2035025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; Mitosis ; Models, Genetic ; Mosaicism ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Instability of a 550-base pair DNA segment and abnormal methylation in fragile X syndrome (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: The fragile X syndrome, a common cause of inherited mental retardation, is characterized by an unusual mode of inheritance. Phenotypic expression has been linked to abnormal cytosine methylation of a single CpG island, at or very near the fragile site. Probes adjacent to this island detected very localized DNA rearrangements that constituted the fragile X mutations, and whose target was a 550-base pair GC-rich fragment. Normal transmitting males had a 150- to 400-base pair insertion that was inherited by their daughters either unchanged, or with small differences in size. Fragile X-positive individuals in the next generation had much larger fragments that differed among siblings and showed a generally heterogeneous pattern indicating somatic mutation. The mutated allele appeared unmethylated in normal transmitting males, methylated only on the inactive X chromosome in their daughters, and totally methylated in most fragile X males. However, some males had a mosaic pattern. Expression of the fragile X syndrome thus appears to result from a two-step mutation as well as a highly localized methylation. Carriers of the fragile X mutation can easily be detected regardless of sex or phenotypic expression, and rare apparent false negatives may result from genetic heterogeneity or misdiagnosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oberle, I -- Rousseau, F -- Heitz, D -- Kretz, C -- Devys, D -- Hanauer, A -- Boue, J -- Bertheas, M F -- Mandel, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1097-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Gene Rearrangement ; Heterozygote Detection ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
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    Identification of a site in glutamate receptor subunits that controls calcium permeability (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: The neurotransmitter glutamate mediates excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the brain. A family of genes encoding subunits of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) type of glutamate receptor has been cloned. Some combinations of these subunits assemble into receptors with a substantial permeability to calcium, whereas others do not. To investigate the structural features that control ion permeation through these ligand-gated channels, mutant receptor subunits with single-amino acid changes were constructed. Mutation of a certain amino acid that results in a net charge change (from glutamine to arginine or vice versa) alters both the current-voltage relation and the calcium permeability of non-NMDA receptors. A site has thus been identified that regulates the permeation properties of these glutamate receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hume, R I -- Dingledine, R -- Heinemann, S F -- NS21043/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS25782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28709/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):1028-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1653450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Barium/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes/physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breast implant fears put focus on biomaterials (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1059-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biocompatible Materials/adverse effects ; Breast/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Risk Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    HIV risk higher for first-born twins (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission ; *Birth Order ; Cesarean Section ; Delivery, Obstetric ; *Diseases in Twins ; Female ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NIH unveils plan for women's health project (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; *Menopause ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter complementary DNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: A rat dopamine (DA) transporter complementary DNA has been isolated with combined complementary DNA homology and expression approaches. The DA transporter is a 619-amino acid protein with 12 hydrophobic putative membrane-spanning domains and homology to the norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. The expressed complementary DNA confers transport of [3H]DA in Xenopus oocytes and in COS cells. Binding of the cocaine analog [3H]CFT ([3H]2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane) to transfected COS cell membranes yields a pharmacological profile similar to that in striatal membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimada, S -- Kitayama, S -- Lin, C L -- Patel, A -- Nanthakumar, E -- Gregor, P -- Kuhar, M -- Uhl, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):576-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Kinetics ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Oocytes/physiology ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    Fragile X genotype characterized by an unstable region of DNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: DNA sequences have been located at the fragile X site by in situ hybridization and by the mapping of breakpoints in two somatic cell hybrids that were constructed to break at the fragile site. These hybrids were found to have breakpoints in a common 5-kilobase Eco RI restriction fragment. When this fragment was used as a probe on the chromosomal DNA of normal and fragile X genotype individuals, alterations in the mobility of the sequences detected by the probe were found only in fragile X genotype DNA. These sequences were of an increased size in all fragile X individuals and varied within families, indicating that the region was unstable. This probe provides a means with which to analyze fragile X pedigrees and is a diagnostic reagent for the fragile X genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, S -- Pritchard, M -- Kremer, E -- Lynch, M -- Nancarrow, J -- Baker, E -- Holman, K -- Mulley, J C -- Warren, S T -- Schlessinger, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Reference Values ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
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    "Matrix algebra" heals life's wounds (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skerrett, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1064-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/therapy ; Growth Substances/*physiology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology ; Wound Healing/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Baltimore case--in brief (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1648263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Social Control, Formal ; United States ; *United States Office of Research Integrity
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    "Gene-spliced" fish experiments (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powers, D A -- Chen, T T -- Dunham, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):779.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Female ; Fishes/*genetics ; *Genetic Engineering ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Male ; Ovum/physiology
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    Sex and the single gene (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):782.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genes, Switch/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Sex Differentiation/physiology ; Testis/embryology ; *Y Chromosome
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    Is "gender gap" narrowing? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):959-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/*physiology ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breast cancer: two steps closer to understanding (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Female primatologists confer--without men (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dusheck, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1494-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; United States ; *Women
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    Acceleration of diabetes in young NOD mice with a CD4+ islet-specific T cell clone (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop an autoimmune form of diabetes, becoming hyperglycemic after 3 months of age. This process was accelerated by injecting young NOD mice with CD4+ islet-specific T cell clones derived from NOD mice. Overt diabetes developed in 10 of 19 experimental animals by 7 weeks of age, with the remaining mice showing marked signs of the disease in progress. Control mice did not become diabetic and had no significant pancreatic infiltration. This work demonstrates that a CD4 T cell clone is sufficient to initiate the disease process in the diabetes-prone NOD mouse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haskins, K -- McDuffie, M -- P01 DK40144/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2205920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
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    RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: The vast repertoire of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors is generated, in part, by V(D)J recombination, a series of genomic rearrangements that occur specifically in developing lymphocytes. The recombination activating gene, RAG-1, which is a gene expressed exclusively in maturing lymphoid cells, was previously isolated. RAG-1 inefficiently induced V(D)J recombinase activity when transfected into fibroblasts, but cotransfection with an adjacent gene, RAG-2, has resulted in at least a 1000-fold increase in the frequency of recombination. The 2.1-kilobase RAG-2 complementary DNA encodes a putative protein of 527 amino acids whose sequence is unrelated to that of RAG-1. Like RAG-1, RAG-2 is conserved between species that carry out V(D)J recombination, and its expression pattern correlates precisely with that of V(D)J recombinase activity. In addition to being located just 8 kilobases apart, these convergently transcribed genes are unusual in that most, if not all, of their coding and 3' untranslated sequences are contained in single exons. RAG-1 and RAG-2 might activate the expression of the V(D)J recombinase but, more likely, they directly participate in the recombination reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oettinger, M A -- Schatz, D G -- Gorka, C -- Baltimore, D -- GM39458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dogs ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Opossums ; Proteins/*genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Turtles ; VDJ Recombinases
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    Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A Y -- Devaux, B -- Green, A -- Sagerstrom, C -- Elliott, J F -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD55 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Complement Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Requirement of ets-2 expression for Xenopus oocyte maturation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: A molecular clone of the Xenopus laevis ets-2 gene was isolated from an oocyte complementary DNA library. The amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) in each oocyte or embryo was almost constant during oogenesis and was maintained until the blastula stage of embryonic development, indicating that the observed 3.2-kilobase transcript is a maternal message. The only normal adult tissue in which ets-2 mRNA was detected was the ovary. Injection of antisense oligonucleotides homologous to the ets-2 sequence into oocytes led to degradation of the mRNA and blocked hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown. The ets-2 product is thus required for the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Z Q -- Burdett, L A -- Seth, A K -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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    Genetic differences in the ethanol sensitivity of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Animal lines selected for differences in drug sensitivity can be used to help determine the molecular basis of drug action. Long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice differ markedly in their genetic sensitivity to ethanol. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, mRNA from brains of LS and SS mice was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the ethanol sensitivity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)- and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated ion channels was tested. Ethanol facilitated GABA responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from LS mice but antagonized responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from SS animals. Ethanol inhibited NMDA responses equally in the two lines. Thus, genes coding for the GABAA receptor or associated proteins may be critical determinants of individual differences in ethanol sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wafford, K A -- Burnett, D M -- Dunwiddie, T V -- Harris, R A -- AA03527/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA06399/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microinjections ; N-Methylaspartate ; Oocytes/*drug effects/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects/*genetics ; Xenopus ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronnett, G V -- Hester, L D -- Nye, J S -- Connors, K -- Snyder, S H -- DA 00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Brain Diseases/*pathology ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/analysis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
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    Direct interaction of a ligand for the erbB2 oncogene product with the EGF receptor and p185erbB2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The erbB2 oncogene encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane protein whose sequence is similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A 30-kilodalton factor (gp30) secreted from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was shown to be a ligand for p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. In two cell lines that overexpress erbB2 but do not expresss EGFR (MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had been transfected with erbB2), phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was induced only by gp30. The gp30 specifically inhibited the growth of cells that overexpressed p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR had no effect on the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell colony formation obtained with gp30. Thus, it appeared that gp30 interacted directly with the EGFR and erbB2. Direct binding of gp30 to p185erbB2 was confirmed by binding competition experiments, where gp30 was found to displace the p185erbB2 binding of a specific antibody to p185erbB2. The evidence described here suggests that gp30 is a ligand for p185erbB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupu, R -- Colomer, R -- Zugmaier, G -- Sarup, J -- Shepard, M -- Slamon, D -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    All-women conference: did it discriminate? (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galloway, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2078250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Prejudice ; Science ; United States ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
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    Identity of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with lipocortin III (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: The amino acid sequences of three fragments of cyanogen bromide-digested human placental inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are identical to sequences within lipocortin III, a member of a family of homologous calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins that do not have defined physiological functions. Lipocortin III has also been previously identified as placental anticoagulant protein III (PAP III) and calcimedin 35 alpha. Antibodies to PAP III detected PAP III and inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with identical reactivity on immunoblotting. In addition, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase was stimulated by the same acidic phospholipids that bind lipocortins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, T S -- Tait, J F -- Majerus, P W -- HLBI 14147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 16634/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 40801/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2159184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Annexin A3 ; Annexins ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Placenta/*enzymology ; Pregnancy
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    Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Somatic mutations in a subset of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors convert the gene for the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha s) of Gs into a putative oncogene, termed gsp. These mutations, which activate alpha s by inhibiting its guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, are found in codons for either of two amino acids, each of which is completely conserved in all known G protein alpha chains. The likelihood that similar mutations would activate other G proteins prompted a survey of human tumors for mutations that replace either of these two amino acids in other G protein alpha chain genes. The first gene so far tested, which encodes the alpha chain of Gi2, showed mutations that replaced arginine-179 with either cysteine or histidine in 3 of 11 tumors of the adrenal cortex and 3 of 10 endocrine tumors of the ovary. The mutant alpha i2 gene is a putative oncogene, referred to as gip2. In addition, gsp mutations were found in 18 of 42 GH-secreting pituitary tumors and in an autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. These findings suggest that human tumors may harbor oncogenic mutations in various G protein alpha chain genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyons, J -- Landis, C A -- Harsh, G -- Vallar, L -- Grunewald, K -- Feichtinger, H -- Duh, Q Y -- Clark, O H -- Kawasaki, E -- Bourne, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Cetus Corporation, Emeryville CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2116665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Endocrine System Diseases/*genetics ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; *Oncogenes ; Pituitary Neoplasms/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
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    Characterization of naturally occurring minor histocompatibility peptides including H-4 and H-Y (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens can be peptides derived from cellular proteins that are presented on the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This is similar to viral antigens, because in both cases cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize artificially produced peptides loaded on target cells. Naturally processed minor H peptides were found to be similar to those artificial CTL-epitopes, as far as size and hydrophobicity is concerned. The peptides studied were isolated from a transfectant that expressed a model CTL-defined antigen, beta-galactosidase, from male cells that express H-Y, which has been known operationally since 1955, and from cells that express H-4, known since 1961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotzschke, O -- Falk, K -- Wallny, H J -- Faath, S -- Rammensee, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):283-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Epitopes/isolation & purification ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/*analysis/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/*analysis/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Zebrafish as developmental models (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity ; Zebrafish/genetics/*physiology
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    Psychological responses after abortion (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: A review of methodologically sound studies of the psychological responses of U.S. women after they obtained legal, nonrestrictive abortions indicates that distress is generally greatest before the abortion and that the incidence of severe negative responses is low. Factors associated with increased risk of negative response are consistent with those reported in research on other stressful life events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adler, N E -- David, H P -- Major, B N -- Roth, S H -- Russo, N F -- Wyatt, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):41-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced/*psychology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; *Pregnant Women ; Risk Assessment ; Social Support ; United States
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    T cells responsive to myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: Gene mutation in vivo in human T lymphocytes appears to occur preferentially in dividing cells. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are assumed to have one or more populations of diving T cells that are being stimulated by autoantigens. Mutant T cell clones from MS patients were isolated and tested for reactivity to myelin basic protein, an antigen that is thought to participate in the induction of the disease. The hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) clonal assay was used to determine mutant frequency values in MS patients with chronic progressive disease. Eleven of 258 thioguanine-resistant (hprt-) T cell clones from five of the six MS patients who were tested proliferated in response to human myelin basic protein without prior in vitro exposure to this antigen. No wild-type clones from these patients, nor any hprt- or wild-type clones from three healthy individuals responded to myelin basic protein. Thus, T cell clones that react with myelin basic protein can be isolated from the peripheral blood of MS patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allegretta, M -- Nicklas, J A -- Sriram, S -- Albertini, R J -- CA30688-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS00849/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Cell Division ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/genetics/*immunology ; Mutation ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Thioguanine/pharmacology ; X Chromosome
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    Experts clash over cancer data (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):900-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; United States
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    Smokers: black and white (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneiderman, M -- Davis, D L -- Wagener, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2374921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Prevalence ; Smoking/*epidemiology ; United States
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    A mouse model of the aniridia-Wilms tumor deletion syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Deletion of chromosome 11p13 in humans produces the WAGR syndrome, consisting of aniridia (an absence or malformation of the iris), Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), genitourinary malformations, and mental retardation. An interspecies backcross between Mus musculus/domesticus and Mus spretus was made in order to map the homologous chromosomal region in the mouse genome and to define an animal model of this syndrome. Nine evolutionarily conserved DNA clones from proximal human 11p were localized on mouse chromosome 2 near Small-eyes (Sey), a semidominant mutation that is phenotypically similar to aniridia. Analysis of Dickie's Small-eye (SeyDey), a poorly viable allele that has pleiotropic effects, revealed the deletion of three clones, f3, f8, and k13, which encompass the aniridia (AN2) and Wilms tumor susceptibility genes in man. Unlike their human counterparts, SeyDey/+ mice do not develop nephroblastomas. These findings suggest that the Small-eye defect is genetically equivalent to human aniridia, but that loss of the murine homolog of the Wilms tumor gene is not sufficient for tumor initiation. A comparison among Sey alleles suggests that the AN2 gene product is required for induction of the lens and nasal placodes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glaser, T -- Lane, J -- Housman, D -- 2 T32 GMO7753-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM27882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):823-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aniridia/*genetics ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/analysis ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Eye/embryology/pathology ; Female ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muridae ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Syndrome ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics
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    Microinjection of a conserved peptide sequence of p34cdc2 induces a Ca2+ transient in oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The product of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2, and its homologs in higher eukaryotes (p34cdc2), all contain a perfectly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that has not been found in any other protein sequence. Microinjection of this peptide triggers a specific increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ that originates from intracellular stores in both starfish and Xenopus oocytes. Thus, p34cdc2 might interact through its conserved peptide domain with some component of the Ca2(+)-regulatory system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Picard, A -- Cavadore, J C -- Lory, P -- Bernengo, J C -- Ojeda, C -- Doree, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS and INSERM, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2153316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *CDC2 Protein Kinase ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/physiology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Exocytosis/drug effects ; Female ; Genes, Fungal ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; *Peptide Fragments ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Starfish ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Identification of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-08
    Description: X-linked Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulonephritis in which progressive loss of kidney function is often accompanied by progressive loss of hearing. Ultrastructural defects in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of Alport syndrome patients implicate an altered structural protein as the cause of nephritis. The product of COL4A5, the alpha 5(IV) collagen chain, is a specific component of GBM within the kidney, and the gene maps to the same X chromosomal region as does Alport syndrome. Three structural aberrations were found in COL4A5, in intragenic deletion, a Pst I site variant, and an uncharacterized abnormality, which appear to cause nephritis and deafness, with allele-specific severity, in three Alport syndrome kindreds in Utah.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D F -- Hostikka, S L -- Zhou, J -- Chow, L T -- Oliphant, A R -- Gerken, S C -- Gregory, M C -- Skolnick, M H -- Atkin, C L -- Tryggvason, K -- DK 36200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 39497/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Exons ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
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  • 86
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    Inheritance of proliferative breast disease in breast cancer kindreds (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Previous studies have emphasized that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is rare and is expressed primarily as premenopausal breast cancer, bilateral breast cancer, or both. Proliferative breast disease (PBD) is a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer and appears to be a precursor lesion. PBD and breast cancer were studied in 103 women from 20 kindreds that were selected for the presence of two first degree relatives with breast cancer and in 31 control women. Physical examination, screening mammography, and four-quadrant fine-needle breast aspirates were performed. Cytologic analysis of breast aspirates revealed PBD in 35% of clinically normal female first degree relatives of breast cancer cases and in 13% of controls. Genetic analysis suggests that genetic susceptibility causes both PBD and breast cancer in these kindreds. This study supports the hypothesis that this susceptibility is responsible for a considerable portion of breast cancer, including unilateral and postmenopausal breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, M H -- Cannon-Albright, L A -- Goldgar, D E -- Ward, J H -- Marshall, C J -- Schumann, G B -- Hogle, H -- McWhorter, W P -- Wright, E C -- Tran, T D -- CA-28854/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1715-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Utah Regional Cancer Center, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breast Diseases/*genetics/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree
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  • 87
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    A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: The alpha chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovats, S -- Main, E K -- Librach, C -- Stubblebine, M -- Fisher, S J -- DeMars, R -- AI-15586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD-24495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P0I HD-24180/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trophoblasts/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Olfactory recognition: a simple memory system (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Mice have an olfactory (pheromone) recognition memory located at the first relay in the sensory system. It is acquired with one-trial learning, contingent upon norepinephrine activation at mating, and lasts for several weeks. The mechanism involves Hebbian (association-dependent) changes in synaptic efficacy at dendrodendritic synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb. As a result of this memory, males made familiar by mating are recognized by the females, thereby mitigating pregnancy block. Such a memory function is biologically important to the female, as it is required to sustain pregnancy in the presence of her stud male's odors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brennan, P -- Kaba, H -- Keverne, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2147078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; N-Methylaspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; *Pheromones/urine ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 89
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    Prenylated proteins: the structure of the isoprenoid group (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The mevalonate-derived portion of a prenylated protein from Chinese hamster ovary cells has been established as diterpenoid (C20). This group is linked to a carboxyl-terminal cysteine as a thioether. It was removed from the protein by hydrazinolysis followed by Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting hydrocarbon fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rilling, H C -- Breunger, E -- Epstein, W W -- Crain, P F -- GM 29812/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):318-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Diterpenes/*metabolism ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Ovary ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Genetics of small populations (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carson, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Male ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Population dynamics of the United States and the Soviet Union (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-30
    Description: Population growth in the United States and the Soviet Union is slowing. Since the 1970s, labor force growth in both countries is slowing even more than population growth, and both countries are aging. Economic effects of slowing growth can be compensated for by increased participation in the labor force and increased productivity and by adjustments in the military forces. Economic flexibility and policy choices will determine how successfully the trend to slower population growth will be accommodated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torrey, B B -- Kingkade, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1548-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington DC 20233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aged ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Population Dynamics ; Ussr ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Mutation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch type (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Description: An amyloid protein that precipitates in the cerebral vessel walls of Dutch patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis is similar to the amyloid protein in vessel walls and senile plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cloning and sequencing of the two exons that encode the amyloid protein from two patients with this amyloidosis revealed a cytosine-to-guanine transversion, a mutation that caused a single amino acid substitution (glutamine instead of glutamic acid) at position 22 of the amyloid protein. The mutation may account for the deposition of this amyloid protein in the cerebral vessel walls of these patients, leading to cerebral hemorrhages and premature death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, E -- Carman, M D -- Fernandez-Madrid, I J -- Power, M D -- Lieberburg, I -- van Duinen, S G -- Bots, G T -- Luyendijk, W -- Frangione, B -- AG 05891/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1124-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2111584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Amyloidosis/complications/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology/*genetics ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications/*genetics ; Dna ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Netherlands ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Precursors/*genetics
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  • 93
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    Chronic fatigue as chameleon (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1240.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2399460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*etiology/microbiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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  • 94
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    Europe: bovine growth hormone in a political maze (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):852-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Growth Hormone/*standards ; Humans ; Milk ; Recombinant Proteins/standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 95
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    Behavioral effects of progesterone associated with rapid modulation of oxytocin receptors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (VMN) are important for the control of feminine mating behavior, and hormone action within these nuclei has been causally related to behavior. Estradiol induces receptors for oxytocin in the VMN and in the area lateral to these nuclei over the course of 1 to 2 days, and progesterone causes, within 30 minutes of its application, a further increase in receptor binding and an expansion of the area covered by these receptors lateral to the VMN. The rapid progesterone effect appears to be a direct and specific effect of this steroid on the receptor or membrane, because it was produced in vitro as well as in vivo and was not mimicked by a variety of other steroids. The effect of progesterone occurred in the posterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion facilitated feminine mating behavior; it did not take place in the anterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion had no effect on mating behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schumacher, M -- Coirini, H -- Pfaff, D W -- McEwen, B S -- HD-05751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-07080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- TWO4103/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):691-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/*drug effects
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  • 96
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    A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: In a pedigree derived from a mouse treated with the mutagen ethylnitrosourea, a mutation has been identified that predisposes to spontaneous intestinal cancer. The mutant gene was found to be dominantly expressed and fully penetrant. Affected mice developed multiple adenomas throughout the entire intestinal tract at an early age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moser, A R -- Pitot, H C -- Dove, W F -- CA07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50585/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/complications/*genetics ; Alleles ; Anemia/complications/genetics ; Animals ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; Intestinal Neoplasms/complications/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred AKR ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; *Mutation
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  • 97
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    BEIR V: implications for the nuclear workforce (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology ; Radiation Injuries/*epidemiology ; Risk Factors
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  • 98
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    Activin-binding protein from rat ovary is follistatin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta protein family, was originally isolated from gonadal fluids and stimulates the release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Activin has numerous functions in both normal and neoplastic cells. Various cells synthesize activin and have a specific binding site for this peptide. However, the molecular basis for its actions is unknown. A binding protein for activin was purified from rat ovary and was identical to follistatin, a specific inhibitor of FSH release. It is likely that the binding protein participates in the diverse regulatory actions of activin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, T -- Takio, K -- Eto, Y -- Shibai, H -- Titani, K -- Sugino, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):836-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Frontier Research Program, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2106159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activins ; Animals ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/secretion ; Inhibins/isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; Ovary/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/drug effects/secretion ; Protein Binding ; Rats
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  • 99
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    An essential signaling role for the m3G cap in the transport of U1 snRNP to the nucleus (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: The major small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4 + U6, and U5 have to be transported from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized, to the nucleus, where they splice pre-messenger RNAs. Since the free core snRNP proteins in the cytoplasm do not enter the nucleus on their own, the nuclear location signal must either reside on the snRNA or be created as a result of snRNA-protein interaction. Here the involvement by the 5'-terminal cap of snRNA molecules in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of UsnRNPs has been studied by microinjection of synthetic U1 RNA molecules into frog oocytes; the U1 RNA bore either the normal cap (m3G) or a chemical derivative. Antibodies in the cytoplasm against the m3G cap inhibited the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNP. U1 RNA that was uncapped or contained an unnatural ApppG cap did not enter the nucleus, even though it carried a normal complement of protein molecules. When the ribose ring of the m3G cap was oxidized with periodate, nuclear transport of U1 snRNPs was severely inhibited. Finally, microinjection of m3G cap alone (but not m7G cap) into oocytes severely inhibited the transport of U1 snRNPs to the nucleus. These data suggest that one step in the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNPs involves the m3G cap structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, U -- Luhrmann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):786-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Phillipps-Universitat Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2143847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Female ; Guanosine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Kinetics ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*ultrastructure ; RNA Caps/*physiology ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Amyloid beta protein precursor gene and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Description: Human hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type (HCHWA-D), an autosomal dominant form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is characterized by extensive amyloid deposition in the small leptomeningeal arteries and cortical arterioles, which lead to an early death of those afflicted in their fifth or sixth decade. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies have indicated that the amyloid subunit in HCHWA-D is antigenically related to and homologous in sequence with the amyloid beta protein isolated from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. The amyloid beta protein is encoded by the amyloid beta protein precursor (APP) gene located on chromosome 21. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected by the APP gene were used to examine whether this gene is a candidate for the genetic defect in HCHWA-D. The data indicate that the APP gene is tightly linked to HCHWA-D and therefore, in contrast to familial Alzheimer's disease, cannot be excluded as the site of mutation in HCHWA-D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Broeckhoven, C -- Haan, J -- Bakker, E -- Hardy, J A -- Van Hul, W -- Wehnert, A -- Vegter-Van der Vlis, M -- Roos, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Born Bunge Foundation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1971458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Amyloidosis/complications/*genetics ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology/*genetics ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Protein Precursors/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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