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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (241)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (241)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, J H Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropod Vectors ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that HIV-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. Heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and possibly in the United States. In addition to HIV-1, at least one other human retrovirus, namely HIV-2, has been implicated as a cause of AIDS in Africa and Europe. Factors that influence heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 include genital ulcerations, early or late stages of HIV-1 infection in the index case, and possibly oral contraception and immune activation. The rate of perinatal transmission is enhanced when the mother's illness is more advanced. AIDS and HIV-1 infection may have a significant impact not only on public health, but also on the demography and socioeconomic conditions of some developing countries. Programs for the prevention and control of AIDS should be an immediate priority in all countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, P -- Plummer, F A -- Mhalu, F S -- Lamboray, J L -- Chin, J -- Mann, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):573-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Female ; HIV/classification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Behavior
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Relman, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):348.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; Research/*standards ; United States
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):878-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administrative Personnel ; *Base Sequence ; *Chromosomes, Human ; *Genes ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):725-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: Recent reports of stratospheric ozone depletion have prompted concerns about the levels of solar ultraviolet radiation that reach the earth's surface. Since 1974 a network of ground-level monitoring stations in the United States has tracked measurements of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UVB, 290 to 330 nanometers). The fact that no increases of UVB have been detected at ground levels from 1974 to 1985 suggests that meteorological, climatic, and environmental factors in the troposphere may play a greater role in attenuating UVB radiation than was previously suspected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scotto, J -- Cotton, G -- Urbach, F -- Berger, D -- Fears, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):762-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Melanoma/etiology ; Meteorological Concepts ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology ; *Sunlight/adverse effects ; *Ultraviolet Rays ; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Increasing mortality in intravenous (IV) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has occurred in New York City coincident with the AIDS epidemic. From 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. This increase included deaths from AIDS increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. Investigations of these deaths suggest a causal association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These deaths may represent a spectrum of HIV-related disease that has not been identified through AIDS surveillance and has resulted in a large underestimation of the impact of AIDS on IV drug users and blacks and Hispanics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, R L -- Des Jarlais, D C -- Benezra, D -- Gorelkin, L -- Sotheran, J L -- Friedman, S R -- Schultz, S -- Marmor, M -- Mildvan, D -- Maslansky, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Research Unit, New York City Department of Health, NY 10013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Cause of Death ; Endocarditis/complications ; Hiv ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Pneumonia/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/epidemiology/mortality ; Tuberculosis/complications
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Specific sigma binding sites have been identified in the mammalian brain and lymphoid tissue. In this study, certain gonadal and adrenal steroids, particularly progesterone, were found to inhibit sigma receptor binding in homogenates of brain and spleen. The findings suggest that steroids are naturally occurring ligands for sigma receptors and raise the possibility that these sites mediate some aspects of steroid-induced mental disturbances and alterations in immune functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, T P -- London, E D -- Jaffe, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Endocrine Glands/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haloperidol/metabolism ; *Immunity ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phenazocine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Receptors, sigma ; Spleen/metabolism ; Steroids/*metabolism
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novak, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; *Government Agencies ; United States
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Government Agencies/*organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*organization & administration
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 4;239(4844):1086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3344426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Legislation as Topic ; *Pesticides ; United States ; Water Pollution, Chemical/*prevention & control
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The human pS2 gene is specifically expressed under estrogen transcriptional control in a subclass of estrogen receptor-containing human breast cancer cells. The pS2 gene encodes an 84-amino acid protein that is secreted after signal peptide cleavage. The distribution of pS2 protein in normal human tissues was studied with antibodies to pS2; pS2 was specifically expressed and secreted by mucosa cells of the normal stomach antrum and body of both female and male individuals. Moreover, no estrogen receptor could be detected in these cells, indicating that pS2 gene expression is estrogen-independent in the stomach. The function of the pS2 protein in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. However, the pS2 protein is similar in sequence to a porcine pancreatic protein that has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rio, M C -- Bellocq, J P -- Daniel, J Y -- Tomasetto, C -- Lathe, R -- Chenard, M P -- Batzenschlager, A -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS et U. 184 de l'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Exons ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; *Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: Structural changes of the human retinoblastoma gene have been demonstrated previously in retinoblastoma and some clinically related tumors including osteosarcoma. Structural aberrations of the retinoblastoma locus (RB1) were observed in 25% of breast tumor cell lines studied and 7% of the primary tumors. These changes include homozygous internal deletions and total deletion of RB1; a duplication of an exon was observed in one of the cell lines. In all cases, structural changes either resulted in the absence or truncation of the RB1 transcript. No obvious defect in RB1 was detected by DNA blot analysis in primary tumors or cell lines from Wilms' tumor, cervical carcinoma, or hepatoma. These results further support the concept that the human RB1 gene has pleiotropic effects on specific types of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉T'Ang, A -- Varley, J M -- Chakraborty, S -- Murphree, A L -- Fung, Y K -- CA44754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Exons ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogan, W J -- Gladen, B C -- Hung, K L -- Koong, S L -- Shih, L Y -- Taylor, J S -- Wu, Y C -- Yang, D -- Ragan, N B -- Hsu, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conjunctivitis/chemically induced/congenital ; Female ; Growth Disorders/chemically induced ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Nails, Malformed ; Oils/*adverse effects ; Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced/congenital ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Taiwan
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: The imaging of phosphorescence provides a method for monitoring oxygen distribution within the vascular system of intact tissues. Isolated rat lives were perfused through the portal vein with media containing palladium coproporphyrin, which phosphoresced and was used to image the liver at various perfusion rates. Because oxygen is a powerful quenching agent for phosphors, the transition from well-perfused liver to anoxia (no flow of oxygen) resulted in large increases of phosphorescence. During stepwise restoration of oxygen flow, the phosphorescence images showed marked heterogeneous patterns of tissue reoxygenation, which indicated that there were regional inequalities in oxygen delivery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumsey, W L -- Vanderkooi, J M -- Wilson, D F -- GM 21524/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 36393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1649-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coproporphyrins ; Liver Circulation ; *Luminescence ; Male ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Palladium ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1503-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Dolphins ; *Military Science ; *Pinnipedia ; *Seals, Earless ; United States
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 18;242(4881):1002-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3194749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Plants, Toxic ; Politics ; *Science ; Tobacco ; United States
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Regulation of the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin mu heavy chains at the level of RNA processing is an important element for B cell development. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the upstream poly(A) site (for the secreted form) or spliced (for the membrane-bound form) in a mutually exclusive manner. When the mouse mu gene linked to the SV40/HSV-TK hybrid promoter was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the mu messenger RNA (mRNA) was altered by coinjection of nuclei of mouse surface IgM-bearing B-lymphoma cells to include the synthesis of the membrane-bound form. An increase in the membrane-bound form was not observed when nuclei of IgM-secreting hybridoma cells or fibroblast cells were coinjected. Deletion of the upstream poly(A) site did not eliminate the effect of B-lymphoma nuclei suggesting that membrane-specific splicing is stimulated. Further, splicing of other mu gene introns was not affected by coinjection of B-lymphoma nuclei. These results suggest that mature B cells contain one or more transacting nuclear factors that stimulate splicing specific for membrane-bound mu mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsurushita, N -- Ho, L -- Korn, L J -- AI21298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Hybridomas/ultrastructure ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenopus
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: The ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) was purified from human placental tissue. Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. The messenger RNA of this GAP was detected in human lung, brain, liver, leukocytes, and placenta. The second type appeared to be generated by a differential splicing mechanism and encoded a novel form of GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 100,400 daltons. This protein lacks the hydrophobic amino terminus characteristic of the larger species, but retains GAP activity. The messenger RNA of this type was abundantly expressed in placenta and in several human cell lines, but not in adult tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trahey, M -- Wong, G -- Halenbeck, R -- Rubinfeld, B -- Martin, G A -- Ladner, M -- Long, C M -- Crosier, W J -- Watt, K -- Koths, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1697-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cetus Corp., Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Leukocytes/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Lung/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Placenta/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Unequal crossing-over within a head-to-tail tandem array of the homologous red and green visual pigment genes has been proposed to explain the observed variation in green-pigment gene number among individuals and the prevalence of red-green fusion genes among color-blind subjects. This model was tested by probing the structure of the red and green pigment loci with long-range physical mapping techniques. The loci were found to constitute a gene array with an approximately 39-kilobase repeat length. The position of the red pigment gene at the 5' edge of the array explains its lack of variation in copy number. Restriction maps of the array in four individuals who differ in gene number are consistent with a head-to-tail configuration of the genes. These results provide physical evidence in support of the model and help to explain the high incidence of color blindness in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollrath, D -- Nathans, J -- Davis, R W -- GM21891/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; *X Chromosome
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: A new type of agonist-binding subunit of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was identified. Rat genomic DNA and complementary DNA encoding this subunit (alpha 2) were cloned and analyzed. Complementary DNA expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the injection of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for alpha 2 and beta 2 (a neuronal nAChR subunit) led to the generation of a functional nAChR. In contrast to the other known neuronal nAChRs, the receptor produced by the injection of alpha 2 and beta 2 mRNAs was resistant to the alpha-neurotoxin Bgt3.1. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that alpha 2 mRNA was expressed in a small number of regions, in contrast to the wide distribution of the other known agonist-binding subunits (alpha 3 and alpha 4) mRNAs. These results demonstrate that the alpha 2 subunit differs from other known agonist-binding alpha-subunits of nAChRs in its distribution in the brain and in its pharmacology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wada, K -- Ballivet, M -- Boulter, J -- Connolly, J -- Wada, E -- Deneris, E S -- Swanson, L W -- Heinemann, S -- Patrick, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):330-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleotide Mapping ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, J C -- Galili, G -- Kawata, E E -- Cuellar, R E -- Shotwell, M A -- Larkins, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Lysine/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Xenopus laevis ; Zea mays ; Zein/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited disease resulting in optic nerve degeneration and cardiac dysrhythmia. A mitochondrial DNA replacement mutation was identified that correlated with this disease in multiple families. This mutation converted a highly conserved arginine to a histidine at codon 340 in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene and eliminated an Sfa NI site, thus providing a simple diagnostic test. This finding demonstrated that a nucleotide change in a mitochondrial DNA energy production gene can result in a neurological disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, D C -- Singh, G -- Lott, M T -- Hodge, J A -- Schurr, T G -- Lezza, A M -- Elsas, L J 2nd -- Nikoskelainen, E K -- NS21328/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1427-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group ; Animals ; Arginine ; Cytochrome Reductases/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; *Genes ; Georgia ; Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy/*genetics ; Histidine ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; *Mutation ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Reference Values
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education/*economics ; *Government Agencies ; United States
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Employment ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Substance-Related Disorders/*prevention & control ; United States
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: The rate of lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins is constrained in cells, but the constraining factors for most membrane proteins have not been defined. PH-20, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg adhesion, was shown to be anchored in the plasma membrane by attachment to the lipid phosphatidylinositol and to have a diffusion rate that is highly restricted on testicular sperm, being more than a thousand times slower than lipid diffusion. These results support the hypothesis that lateral mobility of a membrane protein can be regulated exclusively by interactions of its ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phelps, B M -- Primakoff, P -- Koppel, D E -- Low, M G -- Myles, D G -- GM-23585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1780-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Diffusion ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/*physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Testis/physiology
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, A E -- Fang, C T -- Slamon, D J -- Poiesz, B J -- Sandler, S G -- Darr, W F 2nd -- Shulman, G -- McGowan, E I -- Douglas, D K -- Bowman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉American Red Cross Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; *Blood Donors ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1275-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Tennessee, Knoxville.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Ozone ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wortis, H H -- Huber, B T -- Woodland, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):968.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Crime ; *Fraud ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Research/*standards ; *Science ; United States
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1988-02-19
    Description: In an in vitro system for the Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland, it was found that 10(-9)M juvenile hormone III could accurately mimic the copulation-induced response of increased protein synthesis in glands from virgin flies. Stimulation by this hormone required calcium in the medium. Experiments with tumor-promoting phorbol esters indicated that activation of protein kinase C can also cause the glands to increase protein synthesis. Stimulation of protein synthesis by juvenile hormone did not occur in mutants deficient in kinase C activity. These results suggest a membrane-protein-mediated effect of juvenile hormone that involves calcium and kinase C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, K -- Chadarevian, A -- Pellegrini, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 19;239(4842):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects/metabolism ; Juvenile Hormones/genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes/*pharmacology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 1988-06-03
    Description: Inbred male mice typically prefer to mate with females of a different, non-self H-2 haplotype. To determine whether this natural preference is irrevocable or results from familial imprinting, a test system was used which relied on previous observations that B6 males (H-2b) mate preferentially with congenic B6-H-2k rather than B6 females, and B6-H-2k males with B6 females. This preference was reversed in B6 males fostered by B6-H-2k parents and in B6-H-2k males fostered by B6 parents, preference in these cases favoring the same H-2 type. Thus, H-2 selective mating preference is acquired by imprinting on familial H-2 types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamazaki, K -- Beauchamp, G K -- Kupniewski, D -- Bard, J -- Thomas, L -- Boyse, E A -- CA-39827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GMCA-32096/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-22623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1331-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; *Imprinting (Psychology) ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Odors ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell/physiology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: A point mutation in the human insulin receptor gene in a patient with type A insulin resistance alters the amino acid sequence within the tetrabasic processing site of the proreceptor molecule from Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg to Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from this patient synthesize an insulin receptor precursor that is normally glycosylated and inserted into the plasma membrane but is not cleaved to mature alpha and beta subunits. Insulin binding to these cells is severely reduced but can be increased about fivefold by gentle treatment with trypsin, accompanied by the appearance of normal alpha subunits. These results indicate that proteolysis of the proreceptor is necessary for its normal full insulin-binding sensitivity and signal-transducing activity and that a cellular protease that is more stringent in its specificity than trypsin is required to process the receptor precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimasa, Y -- Seino, S -- Whittaker, J -- Kakehi, T -- Kosaki, A -- Kuzuya, H -- Imura, H -- Bell, G I -- Steiner, D F -- AM 13914/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20595/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics/metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):183-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anabolic Agents/adverse effects ; *Doping in Sports/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Stanozolol ; Substance-Related Disorders/*economics
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government Agencies ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Substance-Related Disorders/*diagnosis ; United States ; Urine/analysis
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cannabis ; Cocaine ; Drug and Narcotic Control/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug/trends ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control/therapy ; United States
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/economics ; Cannabis ; Cocaine ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; Research Support as Topic/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Substance-Related Disorders/economics/*prevention & control/therapy ; United States
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):13-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Drug and Narcotic Control ; *Military Personnel ; *Street Drugs ; United States
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3059496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology/microbiology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; *Disease Models, Animal ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV/genetics ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Transfection ; United States
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1505-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3144041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/*drug therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patients ; Streptokinase/therapeutic use ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*therapeutic use ; United States
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):516-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3051384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Design/*history ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; *Nobel Prize ; United States
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2898170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*analysis/blood ; Forensic Medicine/*methods ; Gene Amplification ; Hair/analysis ; Homicide ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Rape/legislation & jurisprudence ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Spermatozoa/analysis
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):969.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3278380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy ; Aminoacridines/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Humans ; Tacrine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 22;239(4838):352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause/*physiology ; Mice ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/*biosynthesis ; Puberty/*physiology ; Rats ; Sexual Maturation
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an animal model of type I diabetes and develops a characteristic autoimmune lesion in the islets of Langerhans with lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The result is hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. Diabetes usually begins by the sixth month of age but can occur earlier when young NOD mice are infused with lymphocytes from older NOD donors. When newborn or adult NOD mice were infected with a lymphotropic virus they did not become diabetic. The interaction between viruses and lymphocytes is pivotal in aborting diabetes, as established by experiments in which lymphocytes from virus-infected donors failed to transfer diabetes. In contrast, lymphocytes from age- and sex-matched uninfected donors caused disease. Therefore, viruses and, presumably, their products can be developed to be beneficial and may have potential as a component for treatment of human diseases. Further, these results point to the utility of viruses as probes for dissecting the pathogenesis of a nonviral disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oldstone, M B -- AG-04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI-09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):500-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/pathology ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/*immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Spleen/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Legislation as Topic ; *Pesticides ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1988-11-25
    Description: The signal for sex determination in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes (X/A ratio). By previous genetic tests, elements that feminized chromosomal males appeared to be widespread on the X chromosome, but the nature of these elements was not determined. In experiments to define a feminizing element molecularly, cloned sequences were added to chromosomally male embryos by microinjection into the mother. Three different X-chromosome clones, including part of an actin gene, part of a myosin heavy chain gene, and all of two myosin light chain genes, feminize chromosomal males. Both somatic and germline aspects of sex determination are affected. In contrast, about 40 kilobases of nematode autosomal DNA, phage lambda DNA, and plasmid pBR322 DNA do not affect sex determination. A feminizing region was localized to a maximum of 131 base pairs within an intron of the X-linked actin gene; a part of the gene that does not have this region is not feminizing. The results suggest that short, discrete elements found associated with many X-linked genes may act as signals for sex determination in C. elegans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCoubrey, W K -- Nordstrom, K D -- Meneely, P M -- 5T32CA09437-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1146-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2973125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Animals ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Exons ; Introns ; Male ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myosins/genetics ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Transformation, Genetic ; *X Chromosome
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):714-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Acne Vulgaris/*drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Isotretinoin ; *Legislation, Drug ; Pregnancy ; Tretinoin/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethics ; Germany ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Phosgene/*poisoning ; Political Systems ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; War Crimes
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):17-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *International Cooperation ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Organizations ; *Research ; Ussr ; United States
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3353707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; China ; *Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; *Health ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases/*drug therapy/etiology ; Sunlight/*adverse effects ; Tretinoin/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: A survey of rat tissues by RNA analysis, aimed at uncovering the physiological function of the parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PTH-LP) associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy, revealed the presence of a 1.5-kilobase messenger RNA encoding this peptide in lactating mammary glands. PTH-LP messenger RNA is expressed in mammary tissue only during lactation; it appears and disappears rapidly (2 to 4 hours) as a function of the sucking stimulus. The identity of this messenger RNA was confirmed by cloning the rat PTH-LP complementary DNA, which predicts a peptide with strong similarity to the human homolog. Moreover, extracts from lactating mammary tissue stimulated parathyroid hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase. These findings suggest that PTH-LP plays a physiological role in lactation, possibly as a hormone for the mobilization or transfer (or both) of calcium to the milk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiede, M A -- Rodan, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):278-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lactation/*metabolism ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: Immunization with radiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites induces potent cellular immune responses, but the target antigens are unknown and have not previously been elicited by subunit vaccines prepared from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. A method is described here for inducing protective cell-mediated immunity to sporozoites by immunization with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium transformed with the Plasmodium berghei CS gene. These transformants constitutively express CS antigens and, when used to immunize mice orally, colonize the liver, induce antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, and protect mice against sporozoite challenge in the absence of antisporozoite antibodies. These data indicate that the CS protein contains T cell epitopes capable of inducing protective cell-mediated immunity, and emphasize the importance of proper antigen presentation in generating this response. Analogous, orally administered vaccines against human malaria might be feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadoff, J C -- Ballou, W R -- Baron, L S -- Majarian, W R -- Brey, R N -- Hockmeyer, W T -- Young, J F -- Cryz, S J -- Ou, J -- Lowell, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacterial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3281260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology ; Female ; Liver/microbiology ; Malaria/*immunology/prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/*immunology
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: In the adult mammalian visual system, ganglion cell axons from the two eyes are segregated from each other into separate layers within their principal target, the lateral geniculate nucleus. The involvement of spontaneously generated action potential activity in the process of segregation was investigated during the fetal period in which segregation normally occurs in the cat, between embryonic day 45 (E45) and birth (E65). Tetrodotoxin, which blocks the voltage-sensitive sodium channel, was used to prevent action potentials. Fetuses received continuous intracranial infusions of tetrodotoxin from osmotic minipumps implanted in utero on E42. After a 2-week infusion, intraocular injections of anterograde tracers revealed that tetrodotoxin prevented segregation. The contralateral projection filled the lateral geniculate nucleus uniformly, and the ipsilateral projection expanded to occupy most of what would normally be contralaterally innervated layer A. Thus, in the fetus, long before the onset of vision, spontaneous action potential activity is likely to be present in the visual system and to contribute to the segregation of the retinogeniculate pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shatz, C J -- Stryker, M P -- EY 02874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):87-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/drug effects/*embryology ; Animals ; Cats ; Female ; Fetus ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Optic Chiasm/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Tetrodotoxin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Visual Pathways/drug effects/*embryology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Despite its potential toxicity, H2O2 is used as an extracellular oxidant by Stronglylocentrotus purpuratus eggs to cross-link their fertilization envelopes. These eggs contain 5 mM 1-methyl-N alpha,N alpha-dimethyl-4-mercaptohistidine (ovothiol C), which reacts with H2O2. In consuming H2O2 and being reduced by glutathione, ovothiol acts as a glutathione peroxidase and replaces the function of the enzyme in eggs. The ovothiol system is more effective than egg catalase in destroying H2O2 at concentrations produced during fertilization and constitutes a principal mechanism for preventing oxidative damage at fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, E -- Hager, L J -- Shapiro, B M -- GM23910/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):939-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Sulfur/*metabolism ; Animals ; Catalase/metabolism ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Methylhistidines ; NADP/metabolism ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sea Urchins
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: A two-locus genetic model is studied in which one locus controls the tendency of individuals to act altruistically toward siblings and the other locus controls the mating habits of females. It is demonstrated that genetic variation at the altruism locus is often sufficient to induce an increase in the frequency of genes that cause females to produce all of their offspring with a single mate. This occurs because of nonrandom associations that develop between genes that cause altruism and those that affect female mating behavior. The results provide a new explanation for the evolution of monogamy, and they suggest a previously unexplored mechanism for the evolution of a variety of other behavioral traits as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peck, J R -- Feldman, M W -- GM 10452/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 28016/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1672-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Sibling Relations
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powledge, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):108-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Lobbying ; *Politics ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aldicarb/adverse effects ; *Insecticides/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1727.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acids ; *Air Pollutants ; Humans ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 19;239(4842):859.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perera, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3344429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology ; Risk Factors ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1724-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Humans ; Ozone/*toxicity ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3057625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; United States
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping/economics ; *Genes ; *Government Agencies ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; *Fetus ; Humans ; *Legislation, Medical ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: The contributions of two subclasses of excitatory amino acid transmitter receptors to the induction and expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) were analyzed in hippocampal slices. The quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione) blocked 85% of the evoked field potential, leaving a small response that was sensitive to D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. This residual D-AP5-sensitive response was of comparable size in control and previously potentiated inputs. High-frequency stimulation in the presence of DNQX did not result in the development of robust LTP. Washout of the drug, however, revealed the potentiation effect. Thus NMDA-mediated responses can induce, but are not greatly affected by, LTP; non-NMDA receptors, conversely, mediate responses that are not needed to elicit LTP but that are required for its expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, D -- Joly, M -- Lynch, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1694-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2904701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Valine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheller, R H -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):13-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2902686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic ; *National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; *Neurobiology ; United States ; *United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 18;242(4881):1001-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3194748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Behavioral Research ; Cats ; Federal Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; New York ; Substance-Related Disorders/*physiopathology ; United States ; Universities
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):366-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carcinogens ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Pesticides/*adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3165219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; *Ethics ; Financing, Government ; Genetic Engineering ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):405-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethics ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is present in high concentrations in preovulatory follicular fluid, and ovarian follicular cells have specific Ang II receptors. To investigate the possible direct involvement of Ang II in ovulation the specific receptor antagonist of Ang II, saralasin, was administered by intraperitoneal injection to immature rats in which follide development and ovulation had been induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), respectively. Saralasin halved the number of oocytes found in the fallopian tubes 17 to 20 hours after administration of hCG. The antiovulatory effect was observed when saralasin was given 1 hour before hCG or 1 or 3 hours after hCG but not when given 5 hours after hCG. Simultaneous administration of Ang II reversed the saralasin blockage of ovulation. These results indicate a direct, obligate role for Ang II in ovulation and raise the possibility of contraceptive and profertility applications for agonists or antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system that are aimed at the ovulatory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellicer, A -- Palumbo, A -- DeCherney, A H -- Naftolin, F -- HD22970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1660-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Saralasin/*pharmacology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The presence of macrophages is required for the regeneration of many cell types during wound healing. Macrophages have been reported to express a wide range of mitogenic factors and cytokines, but none of these factors has been shown in vivo to sustain all the wound-healing processes. It has been suggested that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) may mediate angiogenesis, epidermal regrowth, and formation of granulation tissue in vivo. Macrophages isolated from a wound site, and not exposed to cell culture conditions, expressed messenger RNA transcripts for TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, platelet-derived growth factor A-chain, and insulin-like growth factor-1. The expression of these transcripts was determined by a novel method for RNA analysis in which low numbers of mouse macrophages were isolated from wound cylinders, their RNA was purified and reverse-transcribed, and the complementary DNA was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction primed with growth factor sequence-specific primers. This single-cell RNA phenotyping procedure is rapid and has the potential for quantification, and mRNA transcripts from a single cell or a few cells can be unambiguously demonstrated, with the simultaneous analysis of several mRNA species. Macrophages from wounds expressed TGF-alpha antigen, and wound fluids contained TGF-alpha. Elicited macrophages in culture also expressed TGF-alpha transcripts and polypeptide in a time-dependent manner after stimulation with modified low-density lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, which are characteristic of the activators found in injured tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rappolee, D A -- Mark, D -- Banda, M J -- Werb, Z -- AR 32746/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 27345/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):708-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environmental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidermal Growth Factor/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth Substances/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis/genetics ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/genetics ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rabbits ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors ; *Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries/*pathology
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Government Regulation ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/therapy ; *Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Public Policy ; Research Design ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; *Social Control, Formal ; Terminally Ill ; *Transfection ; United States
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration ; United States
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; Containment of Biohazards ; DNA, Recombinant ; Ecology ; Federal Government ; Government ; Government Regulation ; Hazardous Substances ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Politics ; Social Control, Formal ; United States
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses a major ethical question: How can we control the epidemic and the harm that it causes without unjustly discriminating against particular social groups and without unnecessarily infringing on the freedom of individuals? This question pertains to three spheres of public policy in the United States: public health, the delivery of health care, and research. In the public health sphere, vigorous educational efforts will be required, as will modified approaches to intravenous drug use, prostitution, and homosexual and bisexual sexual activity. Carefully targeted, voluntary testing and screening programs should be coupled with counseling and with guarantees of confidentiality and nondiscrimination where these are appropriate. Both health care workers and the health care system have a moral obligation to provide care to people with HIV infection, but heroic self-sacrifice should not be required provided that infection control precautions are observed. Patients with neurological involvement and terminally ill patients will benefit from statutes allowing recognition of advance directives about preferred modes of care or nontreatment. There is a moral imperative to perform intensive research directed toward the understanding, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. The research process will raise challenging ethical questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):597-603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Washington, DC 20057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/therapy ; Adult ; Beneficence ; Biomedical Research ; Bisexuality ; Brain Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Health Education ; Health Policy ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Programs ; *Moral Obligations ; Personal Autonomy ; Resource Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Social Justice ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States ; *Voluntary Programs
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1988-08-26
    Description: Several complementary DNAs (cDNAs) coding for sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) were isolated from a lambda gt-11 human hepatoma library by means of polyclonal antibodies. The nucleotide sequence of the largest cDNA was colinear with the derived amino acid sequence of SAP-2 and with the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for the 70-kilodalton precursor of SAP-1 (SAP precursor cDNA). The coding sequence for mature SAP-2 was located 3' to that coding for SAP-1 in the SAP precursor cDNA. Both SAP-1 and SAP-2 appeared to be derived by proteolytic processing from a common precursor that is coded by a genetic locus on human chromosome 10. Two other domains similar to SAP-1 and SAP-2 were also identified in SAP precursor protein. Each of the four domains was approximately 80 amino acid residues long, had nearly identical placement of cysteine residues, potential glycosylation sites, and proline residues. Each domain also contained internal amino acid sequences capable of forming amphipathic helices separated by helix breakers to give a cylindrical hydrophobic domain that is probably stabilized by disulfide bridges. Protein immunoblotting experiments indicated that SAP precursor protein (70 kilodaltons) as well as immunoreactive SAP-like proteins of intermediate sizes (65, 50, and 31 kilodaltons) are present in most human tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, J S -- Kretz, K A -- Dewji, N -- Wenger, D A -- Esch, F -- Fluharty, A L -- DK 38795/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 18983/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 08682/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 26;241(4869):1098-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/analysis ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Glycoproteins/analysis/*genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Precursors/analysis/genetics ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Rats ; Saposins ; Sphingolipid Activator Proteins ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinrich, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Bisexuality ; Homosexuality/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; United States
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: In many bird species, those pairs that breed earlier in the season have higher reproductive success than those that breed later. Since breeding date is known to be heritable, it is unclear why it does not evolve to an earlier time. Under assumptions outlined by Fisher, a model is developed that shows how breeding date may have considerable additive genetic variance, appear to be under directional selection, and yet not evolve. These results provide a general explanation for a persistent correlation of fitness with a variety of traits in natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Price, T -- Kirkpatrick, M -- Arnold, S J -- 1R01GM3549201/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):798-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Nutritional Status ; *Reproduction ; *Seasons ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: A mutation has been found that dramatically shortens the period of the circadian locomotor rhythm of golden hamsters. The pattern of inheritance of this mutation suggests that it occurred at a single, autosomal locus (tau). Wild-type animals have rhythms with free-running periods averaging about 24 hours; animals heterozygous for the mutation have periods of about 22 hours, whereas homozygous animals have rhythms with periods close to 20 hours. Animals that carry the mutant alleles exhibit abnormal entrainment to 24-hour light:dark cycles or are unable to entrain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ralph, M R -- Menaker, M -- HD 13162/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH 09483/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 17148/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activity Cycles ; Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae/*genetics ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Light ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*genetics/physiology ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Mutation ; Periodicity ; Phenotype
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Control of growth and differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by growth factors from embryonic or maternal sources. With the use of single-cell messenger RNA phenotyping, the simultaneous expression of growth factor transcripts in single or small numbers of preimplantation mouse embryos was examined. Transcripts for platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-A), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, and TGF-beta 1, but not for four other growth factors, were found in whole blastocysts. TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and PDGF antigens were detected in blastocysts by immunocytochemistry. Both PDGF-A and TGF-alpha were detected as maternal transcripts in the unfertilized ovulated oocyte, and again in blastocysts. TGF-beta 1 transcripts appeared only after fertilization. The expression of a subset of growth factors in mouse blastocysts suggests a role for these factors in the growth and differentiation of early mammalian embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rappolee, D A -- Brenner, C A -- Schultz, R -- Mark, D -- Werb, Z -- 5T32 ES07106/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- HD22681/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD23539/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environmental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0750.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cleavage Stage, Ovum/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Mice ; Oocytes/physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors/*genetics
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Budgets ; *Chromosomes, Human ; *Financial Management ; *Genes ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 1988-03-11
    Description: The alterations in morphology and function of the ovarian follicle as it matures, ovulates, and becomes a corpus luteum are dramatic. A variety of steroid and polypeptide hormones influence these processes, and the ovary in turn produces specific hormonal signals for endocrine regulation. One such signal is inhibin, a heterodimeric protein that suppresses the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone from pituitary gonadotrophs. Rat inhibin complementary DNA probes have been used to examine the levels and distribution of inhibin alpha-and beta A-subunit messenger RNAs in the ovaries of cycling animals. Striking, dynamic changes have been found in inhibin messenger RNA accumulation during the developmental maturation of the ovarian follicle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, T K -- D'Agostino, J -- Schwartz, N B -- Mayo, K E -- HD07504/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD021921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1296-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3125611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Estrus ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Inhibins/*genetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Macromolecular Substances ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Ovary/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 9;241(4871):1287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2901144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Congresses as Topic ; *Hiv ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Cell Division ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Heart/*growth & development ; Heart Atria/cytology ; Humans ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats ; Ussr ; United States
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1988-01-22
    Description: The effects of prolactin on lactation and reproductive organs are well known. However, the other possible target organs and physiological consequences of altered levels of circulating prolactin remain poorly understood. In this study, mice were treated with bromocryptine, a dopamine receptor agonist that inhibits pituitary prolactin secretion. Bromocryptine treatment prevented T-cell-dependent induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity after the intraperitoneal injection of Listeria monocytogenes or Mycobacterium bovis. Coincident treatment with ovine prolactin reversed this effect. Of the multiple events leading to macrophage activation in vivo, the production by T-lymphocytes of gamma-interferon was the most impaired in bromocryptine-treated mice. Lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with mitogens in vitro was also depressed in spleens of bromocryptine-treated mice, and coadministration of prolactin also reversed this effect. Bromocryptine treatment also reduced the number of deaths resulting from inoculation of mice with Listeria; exogenous prolactin significantly reversed this effect. The critical influence of pituitary prolactin release on maintenance of lymphocyte function and on lymphokine-dependent macrophage activation suggests that, in mice, lymphocytes are an important target tissue for circulating prolactin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernton, E W -- Meltzer, M S -- Holaday, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 22;239(4838):401-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3122324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bromocriptine/pharmacology ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Hypopituitarism/blood/*immunology ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Lymphokines/physiology ; Macrophage Activation/drug effects ; Macrophage-Activating Factors ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Prolactin/*blood/pharmacology ; Salmonella ; Spleen/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Tuberculosis/immunology
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, B R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; United States ; World Health Organization/*economics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Booth, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):368-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Bee Venoms/*toxicity ; *Bees ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Booth, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3047869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation/*standards ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Booth, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 12;241(4867):778.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3406737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics/prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; *Prejudice ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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