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  • Articles  (71)
  • Gas chromatography  (39)
  • tissue culture  (32)
  • Springer  (71)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (71)
  • 1988  (71)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new device to open tissue culture flasks (1988)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: tissue culture ; flask opening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A device has been designed to open tissue culture flasks, which is quick and permits easy access for cell cloning, the removal of complete cell sheets, and staining for microscopy. The brass blade used melts the plastic rather than burning, thus reducing the level of potentially toxic fumes produced by some other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404412
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferulate esters of higher fatty alcohols and allelopathy inKalanchöe daigremontiana (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kalanchöe daigremontiana ; triacontanol ; ferulate esters ; ferulic acid ; tissue culture ; allelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ferulate esters of normal C22–C30 alcohols were found in the root extract ofKalanchöe daigremontiana and the freen-C30 alcohol, triacontanol, was found on the leaves. Ferulic acid was isolated from the vermiculite in which plants were grown. Whole plant and tissue culture experiments were done to investigate the role of ferulic acid as an allelochemical and of triacontanol as a plant growth regulator inK. daigremontiana and other bioassay systems. No positive growth responses to triacontanol were observed, but inhibitation of growth response of plantlets by ferulic acid was seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013909
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of single copy and repetitive genes on chromosome 2 in intergeneric tomato somatic hybrid plants (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ; ribosomal DNA ; Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. ; somatic hybrid ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment polymorphisms were used to identify and quantify the nuclear contributions from each parent to somatic hybrid plants between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Sub-Arctic Maxi and Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. Three single-copy clones, 2–13, 2–17, and 3–288, and a clone for the 45s ribosomal RNA, pHA2, all mapped to chromosome 2 of tomato, were used in analysis of 47 somatic hybrids. The amount of hybridizing probe for each parental band was quantified by densitometry of the autoradiograph film. Analyses with the three single-copy clones indicated that there were more than two S. lycopersicoides copies in most somatic hybrid plants. For at least one somatic hybrid there was a loss of one tomato copy. No evidence was found for more than two copies donated from tomato or loss of a copy from S. lycopersicoides. Most of the observed variation in copy number of the single-copy clones was consistent with chromosomal changes occurring in the suspension cells from which S. lycopersicoides parental protoplasts were derived. The number of copies of rDNA derived from each parent varied independently of the number of copies of single-copy clones from each parent. Changes in the copy number of rDNA occurred in both tomato and S. lycopersicoides genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015666
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method in the qualitative and quantitative GC analysis of cheese volatile components (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 861-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Simultaneous distillation-extraction ; Cheese volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus proposed by Godefroot has been used for the GC study of volatile components of cheese. 5–10 g of cheese provide a fraction that can be directly injected into a GC or a GC/MS. Two capillary columns (SE-30 and SP-1000) were evaluated, the second one being adequate for quantitative determinations. Camphor was used as internal standard. The coefficients of variation ranged from 1.4 to 11.8. The technique can be used as a fast method for the characterization of cheeses from their volatile component concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Slope of the log plot of adjusted retention time against carbon number for various homologues serices (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 1087-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Log plot ; Homologous series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The slope of the log plot of the adjusted retention time of a homologous series usually varies from that of the n-alkane series by no more than 2%, though with unusual interactions between the functional group and the stationary phase the difference may be as high as 7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259389
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Comparison of the elution curves of pure components and their mixture and prediction of elution curves by a theoretical plate model in preparative gas-liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 961-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale separations ; Plate model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two close-boiling materials, diethyl ether (DEE) and dichloromethane (DCM), were separated to investigate the effects of the pure components and the mixture on elution in preparative gas-liquid chromatography. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas, and the chromatographic column (1 cm I.D. and 0.75m length) was packed with Chromosorb A with different quantities of dinonyl phthalate stationary phase and particle sizes. Below ca. 7% (by wt.) of feed concentration, the experimental elution curves of pure DEE and DCM were almost the same as those of the mixture, and the theoretical plate model can be used successfully to predict the elution curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On some aspects of the silica surface modification with hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, hexamethyldisilazane and their mixtures (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 404-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper is concerned with the structure of an organic layer bonded to the silica surface modified with silazanes. The changes of the retention volumes of hydrocarbons is studied for the silicas modified with hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, hexamethyldisilazane and their mixtures. It is shown that most of the carbon in the layer after hexamethylcyclotrisilazane modification is bonded to the surface by Si−O−Si bonds. This fact supports the assumption of a fragmentation of the cyclosilane used for modification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for linearity in retention time — Carbon number plots for n-alkanes (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Statistical criteria ; Non-linear models ; Constants for n-alkane retention curve ; Multiparametric least-squares adjustment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multiparametric, least-squares, regression treatment of G.C. data is extended to describe deviations from the usual linear model. Through statistical evaluation of results, four parameters models are generally found adequate and the use of higher degree empirical models is discouraged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324779
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature-programmed data (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Temperature programming ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is presented for the calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature-programmed data. If the retention times at two different program rates for the solutes and the n-alkanes are known, the retention indices at an assigned temperature can be calculated directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324830
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical background of multicomponent gas chromatography for high concentrations (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Non-equilibrium frontal chromatography ; Nonlinear isotherms ; Variable velocity ; Multicomponent mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a classification of various theoretical models for multicomponent gas chromatography at u=var for high concentrations of the mixture components with consideration of the major distinctive features of the interphase mass exchange inside the porous grains of the adsorbent and outside them within the porous medium of the chromatographic column. It has been shown that the conditions determining a given front behaviour of multicomponent gas mixture at u=var depend on: theoretical models for the kinetics and dynamics of adsorption; the values of mass exchange parameters inside the porous grains and in the porous medium. Formulae have been derived for calculating the values of the quantities characterising the frontal behaviour in the stage of adsorption and desorption of multicomponent mixture at u=var.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268136
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Media for cultivation of animal cells: an overview (1988)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 1 (1988), S. 199-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: animal cells ; growth factors ; mammalian cells ; media ; serum ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The increasing interest in products from animal cells has caused an extensive research effort towards development of media for cell cultivation. The basic components in the media used for cultivation of animal cells vary depending upon the characters of the cells and the cultivation method. Basic components consist of an energy source, nitrogen source, vitamins, fats and fatty soluble components, inorganic salts, nucleic acid precursors, antibiotics, oxygen, pH buffering systems, hormones, growth factors and serum. Extensive efforts are directed towards developing serum-free or chemically defined media. Among the serum substitutes is a long list of hormones and growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145023
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  • 12
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    Preparation of human embryonic liver cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 248-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: human embryo ; liver ; hepatocytes ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00835708
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  • 13
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    Morphological characteristics of human and experimental animal leproma cell cultures and effect of antileprosy drugs on them (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1781-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: leprosy ; tissue culture ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00802196
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  • 14
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    Effects of carbamylcholine on membrane potential and Na-K pump activity of cultured rat skeletal myotubes (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 8 (1988), S. 393-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: acetylcholine (ACh) receptor ; desensitization ; membrane potential ; skeletal muscle ; tissue culture ; Na-K pump ; carbamylcholine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. We measured changes in resting membrane potential (E m) and Na-K pump activity, assayed by ouabain-sensitive86Rb uptake, in response to carbamycholine (CCh) and its continued presence in single rat skeletal myotubes in culture. 2. CCh caused immediate depolarization from controlE m (-80 to -85 mV) to near 0 followed by repolarization of varying degrees depending on the age of the culture and temperature of the recording medium; repolarization ofE m was most apparent by culture age 8–9 daysin vitro (DIV),E m reaching values as high as -60 mV by 5–10 min after peak depolarization at 37°C. 3. Input resistance, which decreased during CCh depolarization, increased only slightly during the initial phase of repolarization and then remained essentially unchanged during the major component of membrane repolarization in the presence of CCh. 4. Ouabain, given before CCh, prevented repolarization ofE m and, when given after repolarization had begun, reversed it and causedE m to return to about -7 mV. 5. Na-K pump activity was decreased in myotubes in whichE m did not repolarize or did so only slightly, and was increased by over 40–50% in myotubes whoseE m repolarized by 40–60 mV, even though CCh was still present in the medium. Inhibition of pump activity in non repolarizing myotubes was related to Na influx, inhibition being reversed to stimulation when CCh was administered to myotubes in Na-free medium. 6. Repeated (three or four times) or prolonged (up to 60-min) administration of CCh to myotubes in which repolarization was hardly expressed (age 6–7 DIV) caused increases both in the amount of repolarization and in86Rb uptake, both being related to the number or duration of CCh exposures. 7. We conclude that repolarization ofE m following CCh-induced depolarization of cultured rat skeletal myotubes depends to a large extent on an increase in activity of the electrogenic Na-K pump.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711225
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  • 15
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    Hybridization in Brassica juncea × Brassica campestris through ovary culture (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 37 (1988), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica ; oilseed crops ; tissue culture ; interspecific hybridization ; biotechnology ; genetic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ovary culture has been employed for the production of interspecific hybrids of a partially compatible cross of Brassica juncea (2n=36) × Brassica campestris (2n=20). Five to seven days old ovaries cultured on White's medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (300 mg/l) and sucrose (5%) produced more seeds than any other media tried, but seed development was better on media fortified with plant hormones. The seed yield was better in B. juncea × B. campestris than their reciprocal cross. The plants obtained from ovary-derived seeds were transferred to the field; they were intermediate in some morphological characters and chromosome number (2n=28) as compared to their parents. The flower buds generally did not open and had poorly developed anthers with mostly sterile pollen. The pod size/setting was very much reduced, but healthy seeds were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037228
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  • 16
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    Effects of auxin concentration on induction and growth of embryogenic callus from young inflorescence explants of Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa spp.) and bermuda (Cynodon spp.) grasses (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Bothriochloa ischaemum ; Cynodon dactylon ; forage grasses ; auxin ; tissue culture ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Objectives of this research were to test the effects of plant genotypes and auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) medium concentrations on embryogenic (E) callus production of two grass species. Two Old World bluestem,Bothriochloa ischaemum, accessions (A-8793 and A-8911c) and three bermudagrass,Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., accessions (A-10978b, A12164, and ‘Brazos’) supplied the explant material. Immature inflorescences ≤9 mm in length were placed on modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) agar medium containing 0, 1, 3, or 5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Explants of all genotypes produced callus by the end of a 4-week dark incubation period at 25°C. When subcultured onto fresh media and maintained at 25°C with a 16 hr photoperiod, calli became embryogenic within 8 weeks of inoculation. Three mg L-1 of 2,4-D in the media maximized E callus production in both bluestem genotypes and in A-10978b and A-12164 bermudagrass genotypes. Maximum E callus production from Brazos bermudagrass resulted from the 1 mg L-1 treatment. Somatic embryos developed after subculture under light. Embryos showed scutellum-like structures and coleoptile-coleorhiza bipolar organization. Plantlets were regenerated from all genotypes except Brazos, whose embryoids failed to germinate. All callus from Brazos eventually senesced. Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043103
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  • 17
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    The production of strawberry plants from callus cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; callus ; organogenesis ; strawberry ; somacloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoots were regenerated from callus of the commercially important strawberry varieties Bogota, Brighton, Cambridge Favourite, Hapil, Ostara, Rapella, Red Gauntlet and JILA33 which is a promising selection from a current breeding programme. The callus was initiated from explants of petiole or lamina of leaves of micropropagated shoots in vitro or of lamina or peduncle from greenhouse plants. There was more shoot regeneration with callus from lamina than from petiole although with the variety Hapil, regeneration occurred only with callus from peduncle. With seven of the varieties, shoot regeneration occurred on culture media with BAP and 2,4-D whilst with the remaining variety, Cambridge Favourite, it occurred only with medium which contained 1AA-β alanine conjugate in place of 2,4-D. Regenerated shoots rooted readily and the plants produced are being studied for somaclonal variation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034364
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  • 18
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    Genotypic effects on the callus formation from different explants of rice, Oryza sativa L. (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; tissue culture ; callus growth ; genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 108 rice varieties were examined for their tissue culture responses. Callus tissues were initiated from the seed, radicle, coleoptile and anther explants. Our results indicated that genotypes differed in the ability to develop vigorously growing callus. The callus growth responses in seed, radicle and coleoptile cultures were intercorrelated, but were not correlated with that in anther culture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034374
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  • 19
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    In vitro regeneration of plantlets from shoot callus of mature trees ofDalbergia latifolia (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 13 (1988), S. 77-83 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Dalbergia latifolia ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture ; mass multiplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A successful procedure was established for in vitro mass multiplication of Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.). In vitro regeneration of plantlets was achieved from callus of shoot tips and shoot segments of over 50-year-old ‘elite’ trees on Murashige & Skoog's medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP). For rooting, regenerated shoots from the calli were excised and first treated with White's liquid medium or half-strength Murashige & Skoog's medium, supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid for 48 h to 72 h. Following this treatment, plantlets were transferred to hormone-free half-strength MS medium. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043048
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  • 20
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    Selection of regenerable maize callus cultures resistant to 5-methyl-DL-tryptophan, S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine and high levels of L-lysine plus L-threonine (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: maize ; Zea ; amino acid analogs ; selection ; tissue culture ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tissues resistant to lethal levels of equimolar L-lysine plus L-threonine (LT), 5-methyl-DL-tryptophan (5MT, a tryptophan analog), or S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC, a lysine analog) were selected from maize callus capable of plant regeneration (H99 and W77-R3019 genotypes). Resistance to LT resulted from resistant calli having a 19 times greater level of free threonine than wild type tissues. The resistance was expressed in roots of whole plants; threonine levels were two to nine times greater in leaves and kernels of resistant plants than in wild type plants. Slightly greater levels of isoleucine, lysine and methionine were also noted, particularly in the kernel. Genetic studies with individual resistant plants did not always produce inheritance ratios typical of simple Mendelian inheritance, but by the third generation after plant regeneration a trend towards homozygosity was apparent and the data suggests that LT resistance is inherited as a single dominant nuclear gene. Resistance to 5MT resulted from resistant calli having a 133 to 161 times greater level of free tryptophan than wild type tissues. Also, phenylalanine was 22 to 30 times as great and histidine, tyrosine and valine were about two times as great as in wild type tissues. Resistance was expressed in roots of whole plants, and tryptophan levels were at least 2000 times greater in resistant than in wild type plants. Phenylalanine was also 32 times greater. All regenerant plants resistant to 5MT were both male and female sterile. Resistance to AFC was caused by decreased AEC uptake by the callus tissue and was not due to increased levels of free lysine. Plants were not regenerated from this callus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029570
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  • 21
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    The influence of cation and gelling agent concentrations on vitrification of apple cultivars in vitro (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; Malus domestica ; micropropagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot tips of ‘York’ and ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were cultured in vitro to test the influence of K+, Mg++ and gelling agent concentrations on vitrification. These concentrations were 20.05, 14.05 and 8.05 mM K+, 1.5 and 3.0 mM Mg++, 7.0 g/l Difco Bacto agar and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/l Gelrite. The lowest K+ level produced a higher percentage of vitrified shoots, affected tissue appearance, reduced shoot number and shoot elongation and apparently altered shoot metabolic activity. Gelrite consistently produced vitrified leaves and stems, even though media gelled with 1.5 g/l Gelrite presented the same apparent gel firmness as using 7 g/l Difco Bacto agar, which did not induce vitrification. Less shoot elongation, fewer total shoots, and more usable shoots of ‘York’ were obtained on Bacto-agar, while similar but less noticeable effects were obtained with ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’. The results presented here show that vitrification can be studied in a standardized system in which the only change is substitution of one gelling agent for another.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029573
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  • 22
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    Root production and plantlet development in tissue-cultured conifers (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 137-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: conifers ; tissue culture ; micropropagation ; adventitious rooting ; acclimatization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rooting and acclimatization procedures for micropropagated conifers are reviewed, with emphasis on their effects on root quality and plantlet performance in the nursery and field. Major influences on root production include auxin concentration and mode of application, shoot quality, donor age, clone and temperature. The development of a fibrous, well-branched root system has been a problem that may be solved by using rooting substrates that are better-aerated than agar. Further development of the root system may be enhanced by early air-pruning and ectomycorrhizal associations. During acclimatization, high humidity is required for conifers. However, conifers have an advantage over non-coniferous plantlets with respect to water loss because of a better development of the needle cuticles prior to transfer to in vivo conditions. In greenhouse and field comparisons with seedlings, plantlets were similar in survival and growth rate, but root systems were less fibrous. Also, features of early maturation have been observed for plantlets, the cause of which is uncertain. Pertinent research with rooted cuttings and seedlings of conifers has been cited to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in root production and development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043405
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  • 23
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    Cryopreservation of sugarbeet germplasm (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; sugarbeet ; cryopreservation ; tissue culture ; germplasm storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Meristems aseptically isolated from shoots developed on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) inflorescences were precultured on modified MS agar medium containing 19.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 6 μM triiodobenzoic acid, and supplemented with 5% DMSO. After two days the meristems were transferred to liquid modified MS medium and the cryoprotectants sorbitol and DMSO added in varying concentrations. The meristems were frozen to −40°C and stored in liquid nitrogen. Growth resumed when the meristems were quick-thawed at 39°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043406
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    In vitro regeneration in Trifolium. 1. Direct somatic embryogenesis in T. rubens (L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture ; histology ; Trifolium ; zygotic embryogenesis ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The origin and development of zygotic and somatic embryos of Trifolium rubens L. was studied with the aid of paraffin sections and light microscopy. Zygotic embryos were collected, fixed and prepared daily from one to ten days after cross-pollination. Somatic embryos were obtained by plating petiole sections on modified L2 medium with 0.015 mgl-1 picloram and 0.1 mgl-1 6-BAP. Cultured petioles were collected and fixed daily from one to 25 days after plating. Two regions in the vascular bundle sheath of cultured petioles gave rise to callus. The first region was adjacent to the phloem fibers and produced friable callus. The second region gave rise to compact callus that was connected to the fascicular cambium. Somatic embryos originated from single cells in the cortex directly without intervening callus formation and from single cells in the friable callus. In addition, embryos arose from meristematic regions in compact callus. Many early stages of embryogenesis (one, two and four-celled stages) were observed in the cortex and friable callus. Zygotic embryogenesis in Trifolium differs from other legumes in that the suspensor is short and has a broad attachment. This arrangement was observed in zygotic embryos of T. rubens and in many somatic embryos. However, a continuum of somatic embryogenesis was observed where some young embryos had a Trifolium suspensor-like arrangement while others were attached to a long narrow suspensor-like structure more characteristic of Medicago.
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    Plant regeneration from grape callus stored under a combination of low temperature and silicone treatment (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 67-71 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: minimum-growth storage ; cold storage ; silicone ; low temperature ; Vitis ; tissue culture ; regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the combination of low temperature and silicone treatment on the storage of grape callus (Vitis vinifera L. x V. labrusca L. cv. Kyoho; V. vinifera L. cv. Koshusanjaku) were examined. In ‘Kyoho’, the calli were stored at 10°C successfully for up to 360 days. Embryogenic calli of ‘Koshusanjaku’ stored at 10°C retained the ability of embryogenesis after 360 days of storage. However, the color of both calli became brownish. This was improved by the combination of low temperature and silicone treatment. The calli of ‘Kyoho’ survived by the storage under the combination of 15°C and silicone. Embryogenic calli stored at 10 and 15°C in combination with silicone survived for 360 days, and regenerated only after transfer onto a regeneration medium. Thus the combination of low temperature and silicone affects the longevity of the grape callus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039890
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    In vitro organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from punctured leaf of Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 95-105 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii ; tissue culture ; punctured leaf ; morphogenetic response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various explant sources of Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii were used to examine the effects of growth hormones on morphogenesis in vitro. Initial experiments indicated that punctured leaves were superior to non-punctured ones for both callus growth and formation of shoots and roots on MS medium containing various types and concentrations of growth hormones. After 6 weeks in culture, an average of 178 shoots, 129 roots and 3.1 g fresh weight of callus were directly produced from the abaxial side of each punctured leaf. The best combinations of growth hormones for shoot, root and callus proliferation were 0.88 μM BA plus 0.05 μM 2,4-D, 0.44 μM BA plus 2.69 μM NAA and 0.44 μM BA plus 2.26 μM 2,4-D, respectively. Embryoids were also formed on callus derived from punctured leaves. The number of embryoids varied from 0 to 30 per punctured leaf. Adventitious shoots also developed simultaneously with the embryos. Embryoids were removed with a scalpel at the early developmental stages and placed on MS medium lacking growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to pots containing vermiculite for normal growth in the greenhouse.
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    Organogenesis and plant formation from cotyledon explant cultures of wild turnip rape (Brassica tournefortii L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Brassica tournefortii ; tissue culture ; regeneration ; micropropagation ; organogenesis in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotyledon explants of Brassica tournefortii L. were excised from germinated seedlings and cultured on Murashige & Skoog's [6] basal medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins, Both cytokinin and auxin were required for induction of shoot organogenesis. Of the three cytokinins tested (in combination with a low concentration of IAA), kinetin was found to be the best for shoot regeneration. On this medium, cotyledonary explants invariably underwent callusing followed by multiple shoot formation. NAA in combination with any of the three cytokinins yielded a reduced number of shoots or none, but favoured good callus growth. Callus so produced also regenerated shoots when subcultured on media containing high concentration of KIN or ZEA and low concentration of IAA. Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on MS medium free of growth regulators. Mature plants were grown in the greenhouse.
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    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 161-167 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Cyphomandra betacea ; somatic embryogenesis ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture ; growth regulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures with globular proembryogenic structures were induced from zygotic embryos and hypocotyl segments of Cyphomandra betacea on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Proembryogenic structures produced somatic embryos and plantlets on regulator-free basal medium. Pieces of embryogenic callus subcultured on medium with the same original composition gave rise to new globular structures and the potential for plantlet regeneration has been maintained for over a year. The histological examination of these proembryogenic structures suggested that somatic embryos arise from single cells. Regenerated plants are phenotypically normal, having diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 24).
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    Development of morphogenic suspension cultures of garlic (Allium sativum L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 183-187 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; morphogenesis ; suspension culture ; garlic ; Allium sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapidly growing, regenerable suspension cultures were obtained from meristem-derived callus cultures of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The liquid culture medium consisted of MS salts, B5 vitamins, 3% sucrose, 1 mg l−1 naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). The tissue in the suspension culture was yellow, smooth, organized, and proliferated as nodular clumps. Histological examination revealed that these morphogenic clumps had a well-defined epidermis. Following transfer of the morphogenic clumps to an agar-solidified medium, numerous meristems with green leaf primordia were produced.
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    In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L. (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 189-199 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; Hippophae rhamnoides ; Frankia ; actinorhizal ; in vitro ; nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Micropropagation of the actinorhizal plant Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea-buckthorn) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 μM of benzylaminopurine (BA). A multiplication frequency of three to five shoots per explant was observed after 28 days. Rooting of these shoots was achieved in a medium containing 1/4 strength MS without growth regulators. The rooted plants were transferred to Turface R artificial substrate and inoculated with pure cultures of two Frankia strains. These plantlets subsequently developed nodules which fixed nitrogen.
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    Media and gelling agent effect on cotton callus initiation from excised seed hypocotyls (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 269-274 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: agar ; Gelrite ; Gossypium hirsutum ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A factorial experiment was performed to develop a medium which would support initiation and proliferation of callus in a diverse group of exotic lines of Gossypium hirsutum. Seed hypocotyls of T1, T25 and T133 were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) basal medium (1965) with NAA or 2,4-D tested in combination with BA or kinetin. The best medium from this study was then compared to five published media for support of callus initiation and growth of the varieties Acala 1517-75, Coker 500, Dunn 120, Paymaster 303 and TM1. Furthermore, the effects of two gelling agents, Difco-Bacto agar and Kelco Gelrite, were investigated with each of the six media. Significantly more callus was initiated on media solidified with Gelrite than with agar. The best callus production occurred on LS medium supplemented with 30gl-1 glucose, 0.1 mgl-1 BA and 0.1 mgl-1 2,4-D.
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    A method for isolation of viable cells from human dental pulp (1988)
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 23-26 
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    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: dental pulp ; fibroblasts ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple, reliable technique for establishing cultures of human pulpal fibroblasts is presented. The technique relies on a sequential digestion of minced pulpal tissue with collagenase and trypsin and produces confluent cultures in 7 to 10 d from four to five pulps.
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    Cultivation of bovine fetal and adult endometrial epithelial cells (1988)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 129-133 
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    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: endometrium ; fetal ; tissue culture ; bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Primary epithelial cell cultures were developed from fetal caruncular, adult intercaruncular pregnant, and adult intercaruncular nonpregnant endometrium. Endometrial cells were obtained from both collagenase dispersion or from explant outgrowth, although the explant method was more consistent. Cultures derived from fetal endometrium grew more rapidly and were more viable after subculturing and cryopreservation than were adult-derived cultures. These cultures provide an in vitro system for the study of bovine endometrial physiology and pathology.
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    Biosafety procedures in cell culture (1988)
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 223-227 
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    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: biosafety ; biohazards ; tissue culture ; containment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A brief description of the need for procedures to provide a safe working environment for cell culture personnel is outlined, and the methods employed at the American Type Culture Collection to achieve this goal are detailed.
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    Long-term culture of bovine trophoblastic cells (1988)
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 123-128 
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    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: placenta ; trophoblastic cell ; tissue culture ; bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Procedures for the isolation and cultivation of bovine cotyledonary trophoblastic cells from early second trimester placentas are described. Collagenase digestion yielded a single cell suspension of both uninucleate and binucleate cells with minimal contamination with other cell types. Optimal growth conditions were obtained through supplementation of medium with epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin, and selenium. Trophoblastic cells survived multiple passages, cryopreservation, and serum deprivation and have been maintained in culture for more than 14 mo. Two cell types were identified by phase microscopy: uninucleated trophoblastic cells and trophoblastic giant cells, which were predominantly binucleate cells. Binucleate cells were present in small numbers through all passages. This procedure provides a reliable method to obtain trophoblastic cell lines for studies of trophoblastic cell physiology and susceptibility to infectious and toxic agents.
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    Genetic control of in vitro regeneration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 3-9 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; tissue culture ; callus ; segregation ratio ; complementary genes ; genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic control of plant regeneration from callus culture was studied in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven cultivars (total 72 plants) were screened for regenerability. Ladak had the best regeneration response, in which 42% of the plants regenerated. Four regenerable plants and three nonregenerable plants were used to form 10F1 hybrids and three S1 populations. Segregation ratios in the populations suggested that regenerability of alfalfa via petiole culture was under the control of two complementary genes, Rn3 and Rn4. The presence of both dominant genes was necessary for a plant to regenerate in a two-step culture system. The data also indicated that gene dosage influenced regeneration efficiency. Significant reciprocal effects demonstrated that the interaction between callus induction medium and callus regenerability was affected by cytoplasmic factor(s).
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    Streptozotocin toxicity to cultured pancreatic islets of the Syrian hamster (1988)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 4 (1988), S. 349-356 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: pancreatic islets ; streptozotocin ; Syrian hamster ; tissue culture ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pancreatic islets of the Syrian golden hamster were maintained in culture for extended periods of time. Toxicity of streptozotocin in these cultures was evaluated by measurement of insulin secretion. Exposure of islets to 1 or 2 mM streptozotocin immediately following isolation resulted in a permanent and dose-related inhibition of insulin secretion. This was accompanied by islet disruption as observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Culture of islets for 24 hours before streptozotocin exposure afforded protection from toxicity. For example, exposure of freshly isolated islets to 2 mM streptozotocin resulted in complete destruction of beta cells, whereas islets similarly exposed after a 24 hr culture period continued to secrete insulin for many months. Islets maintained in culture for one week before exposure to 0.1–0.5 mM streptozotocin, however, became more sensitive than freshly isolated islets. Repeated weekly exposure of cultured islets to a “non-toxic” concentration (0.1 mM) resulted in sustained suppression of insulin secretion after 11 weeks.
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    An evaluation and comparison of micro-techniques for concentration of volatile components from dilute solutions (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 21-24 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample concentration ; Chromatographic evaporation ; Solvent effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Several micro-techniques for the removal of solvent from dilute solutions of volatile compounds have been compared. Large solute losses were experienced when the conventional blow-down technique was applied. Better yields could be obtained with static evaporation procedures, as long as an effective reflux was maintained. However, careful optimization of the vessel design and operating conditions is necessary. The most efficient volume reduction technique was shown to be chromatographic evaporation. Quantitative recoveries were obtained for the compounds tested and the process was significantly faster than static concentration. Moreover, operating conditions (gas flow, temperature) are less critical. With modifications, the principle can be used for the concentration of large sample volumes down to a few microliters.
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    The polarity of polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs as measured by parameters considering intermolecular electric interactions (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 95-98 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phase polarity ; Polarity parameters ; Structure-retention relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The new stationary phase polarity parameters BN and BS evaluated from the concept of the electric intermolecular interactions are used to describe the polarity of polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs. Relations between the discussed parameters and accepted measures of surfactants' polarity are presented and discussed. The considered parameters are correlated with the compound structures. Structural increments for characteristic fragments of the molecule are calculated and use to predict BN and BS values.
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    Gas chromatographic investigations of the adsorption of n-octane on the surface of sulfur (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 134-138 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sulfur ; n-Octane adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary From the adsorption isotherms of n-octane on the surface of sulfur at 29.8°C and 40.6°C some thermodynamic functions were determined. On the basis of these data the structure of the adsorbed layer of n-octane is postulated. The molecular interactions and adsorption mechanism are also discussed. It is stated that both quasi-liquid and quasi-sold layers may be formed on the surface of sulfur depending on the surface coverage with n-octane.
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    Predicting retention data using the slope of the log adjusted retention time vs. carbon number plot for n-alkanes (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 313-318 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Slope of log plot ; Homologous series ; Partition coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The slope of the n-alkane log plot dt′R/dnc (t′R=adjusted retention time; nc=carbon number) for a stationary phase can be used to obtain the retention index of an unidentified substance in a chromatogram containing only one peak with a known retention index, or to predict the retention time of a substance from that of a different homolog in the same series. It can also be used to translate retention indices into relative retention time, partition coefficient or specific retention volume. Published values of the slope are collected and critically evaluated. Equations are deduced that predict its approximate value at a specified temperature given the value at only one other temperature.
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    Gas chromatographic resolution of enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric amino acid esters on Chirasil-Val capillary column (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 393-396 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of optical isomers ; Chirasil-Val capillary columns ; Amino acid esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary D,L-amino acids were derivatized with (+), (±)-2-butanol or N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride (L-TPC) and then chromatographed. Four optical isomers were separated on a Chirasil-Val capillary column. By this method, the concentration of optical impurities arising from the commercial optically active reagents can be determined. The observed abnormal elution orders of enantiomeric amino acid esters may be caused by a selective intermolecular force.
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    Determination of the evaporation rate of essential oils and perfumery compositions using gas chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 520-522 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Essential oils ; Evaporation rate ; Perfume composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple method was developed for the determination of the evaporation rate of essential oils and perfumery composition using gas chromatography with temperature programming. The volatility of 19 essential oils and 17 perfumery composition was evaluated. The method is useful for different comparative measurements.
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    An improved method for steroid profile analysis using capillary gas chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 598-602 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Steroid conjugates are hydrolysed enzymatically using β-glucuronidase after extraction from urine using a solid phase extraction cartridge. After hydrolysis the free steroids are removed from the matrix, again utilising solid phase extraction. Derivatisation of the free hydroxyl groups using Hydrox-Sil AQ produces the respective TMS ethers which are extracted into hexane, in which solvent they are stable for many days. Capillary GC analysis with flame ionisation detection produces a profile of the steroids present in the sample. This technique is suitable for following changes in the urinary excretion profiles of patients undergoing investigation for a variety of steroid production-related diseases.
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    Determination of the triglyceride composition of grapes by HPLC (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 609-612 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Triglyceride composition of grapes ; Identification system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The triglyceride composition of the Tempranillo grape (Vitis vinifera) has been examined by a combination of HPLC and GLC. To identify the triglycerides, equations were applied relating log k′ with the molecular variables: equivalent carbon number, chain length and number of double bonds in each of the fatty acids in the glycerides. Ten triglycerides were found, the principal ones being trilinolein (35.75%), dilinoleyl-olein (21.03%) and dilinoleyl-palmitin (17.02%).
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    Influence of structure of alkenes on their retention on different stationary phases (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 655-658 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention relationships ; Connectivity indices, topological indices ; Alkenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention indices of different alkenes are correlated with connectivity and topological parameters. The appropriate statistically valid relations hips are derived and discussed.
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    Separation and identification ofα, ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes in gas chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 735-736 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes ; Separation ; identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The separation of α,ω-diiodoperfluoralkanes on a glass capillary column coated with OV-101 methylsilicone was investigated. Retention indices were determined at three temperatures (140, 150 and 160°C). The correlation between the retention indices and the boiling points of the investigated compounds was studied.
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    The temperature dependence of retention indices in gas chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 731-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention Index (l) ; Temperature dependence of Retention Index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A linear dependence of (T−T1)/[1(T)−1(T1)] on temperature (considering the retention index 1(T1) at temperature T1 as a standard value) is derived. Both ther retention index at an assigned temperature and the temperature dependence of the retention index can be calculated from retention data measured at two temperature-programing rates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290481
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    Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid sample material using a desorption device coupled to a GC/MS system (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS analysis ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Bituminous coal ; Brown coal ; Plant waxes ; Thermodesorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) today are ubiquitous detectable constituents of recent sediments. The compounds are adsorbed on particulate emissions and are thus transferred to the environment. To date the analysis of PAH in sediments, dust samples and plant material is based mainly on the application of solvent-extraction methods followed by liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatographic separation of the extracts. An alternative approach for the analysis of PAH in solid samples such as coal, sediments, dust samples and plant waxes is shown in this contribution. A commercially available device for the analysis of volatile compounds present in solid matter is connected on-line to a GC/MS system. The device enables the thermal desorption of hydrocarbons at a temperature of 320°C. Subsequently, the hydrocarbons trapped on the initial part of the capillary column are analyzed by GC/MS. The application of mass chromatography provides the possibility of detection and quantitation of PAH in complex mixtures even when they coelute with other compounds. The sample amount required varies between 1 and 10 mg depending on the hydrocarbon content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268146
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    Immobilisation of Chirasil-Val on glass capillaries (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillaries ; Chirasil-Val ; Immobilisation ; Enantiomeric separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Immobilisation methods of the chiral silicone stationary phase Chirasil-L-Val have been studied. In addition to the standard techniques of radical-induced immobilisation with dicumyl peroxide and azo tert-butane, immobilisation was solely achieved by thermal treatment: conditioning at low flow-rates or under stop-flow conditions led to unexpectedly high immobilisation despite mild temperatures. The presence of water vapor in the carrier gas accelerated the immobilisation process. While up to 75% immobilisation was attainable with both ATB and thermal methods, immobilisation with DCUP did not exceed 50%, despite relatively high DCUP concentrations. Whilst all immobilisation methods were accompanied by varying degrees of racemisation at the chiral centre, it was possible to establish conditions that yielded a high immobilisation (in excess of 70%) with a negligible loss in enantiomeric selctivity. The immobilisation reactions also slightly affected the polarity of the stationary phase, reflected in a shift of the Kovats-Indices of amino acid derivatives and in the accompanying “Squalane-Effect”. With respect to immobilisation, racemisation and polarity shift, thermal immobilisation with water-saturated carrier gas proved to be the optimum method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268157
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    The use of activated (S)-(+)-naproxen for the gas chromatographic resolution of some amino acid methyl esters (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 925-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; (S)-(+)-Naproxen ; Amino acid methyl esters ; Resolution of diasteroisomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A GC method has been elaborated for the separation of enantiomers of some amino acid methyl esters after derivatization with activated (S)-(+)-naproxen. Nine amino acid ester paris were completely resolvede in a single run on a fused silica capillary column.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311433
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    Micropacked column gas chromatography with vapour of organic substance as the mobile phase (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 993-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; HPLC system ; Micropacked column ; Organic mobile phase ; UV detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention behaviours of aromatic hydrocarbons were examined by using the vapour of an organic substance as the mobile phase and silica gel as the stationary phase. Gas chromatographic separation of aromatic hydrocarbons was demonstrated by using a system comprising a liquid chromatographic (LC) pump, a micropacked column for LC, a column oven and a UV detector.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259418
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    Comparative evaluation of retention of hydrocarbons present in the C5-petroleum fraction on methylsilicone and squalane phases (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention of hydrocarbons present in the C5 pyrolysis fraction of gasolines on the stationary phases squalane and methylsilicone oil JXR at 30, 40 and 50°C was investigated by capillary gas chromatography. The unified retention indices of the hydrocarbons were also calculated on squalane. The retention indices obtained on these two phases were interrelated and the quantitative relationship with the structure of the solutes was studied. Equations based on the unified retention indices calculated on squalane and some selected structural elements of the solutes permit the calculation of their retention on methylsilicone with sufficient accuracy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316441
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    Determination of the gas chromatographic gas hold-up time (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 589-592 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Hold-up time determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary New versions are suggested for the gas hold-up time calculation in gas chromatography. The results are compared with those obtained by using other methods. The advantages of the suggested ways of calculation are pointed out.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327652
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    Reaction gas chromatography: Study of the photodecomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 621-626 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pre-column photolysis ; Halogenated hydrocarbons ; Identification of photolysis products ; Reaction mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Photodecomposition of chloro- and bromoderivatives of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied under flow conditions using reaction gas chromatography. The photodegradation products were separated on a column coated with squalane and identified by comparing the measured retention data with those of standards and published retention indices, The results can be used to clarify the decomposition of such compounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327659
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    Empirical correlation equations describing retention data of hydrocarbons on dinonylphatalate and polyethyleneglycol 4000 (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention correlation ; Kováts retention index ; Alkylaromatics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Relative retention data and Kováts retention indices were measured for several hydrocarbons (mainly for alkylbenzenes) on dinonylphtalate and polyethylenelycol 4000 stationary phase. Correlations were searched between these retention data and the following physical (boiling point, molrefraction, molvolume) and topological (connectiviity index and general index of molecular complexity) properties of solutes. The best fitting equations was choosen among more than 150 equations involving linear, quadratic, exponential, two variables linear and quadratic dependence of retention data and the properties mentioned as well as their inverses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290480
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    Determination of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine in groundwater using enrichment on porous organic polymers (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 817-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Water analysis ; Macroreticular polymeric adsorbent resins ; Herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the determination of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine in potable water. The method is based on isolation and enrichment by passing the water sample through a column of macroreticular polymeric adsorbent resin, concentration, derivatisation with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride and GC measurement with a N-specific detector. The individual experiments for establishing the working conditions, especially the adsorption characteristics of different types of resin, are described. The highest enrichment efficiency is obtained with the methacrylate-type resin XAD7. In field-sampling experiments a 10cm column yields 57% recovery at 100mLmin−1 flow rate, 0.3 ppb concentration level and 1 L sample volume. The method is completely documented; performance data are a detection limit of 0.07 μg L−1 and a mean recovery of 75% at the 0.3 ppb level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262092
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    Thermodynamic properties of solutions by gas chromatography using a liquid crytal compound 4,4-bis(heptyloxy)azoxybenzene as solvent (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 825-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Thermodynamic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic properties of 22 solutes at infinite dilution have been determined in the smectic, nematic and isotropic mesophases of 4,4′-bis(heptyloxy)azoxybenzone. The thermodynamic properties are discussed in relation to the solute-solvent (liquid crystal) interactions as conditioned by the degree of order in the liquid crystal.
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    Interpolation of relative retentions as a tool for identification of perhalogenated compounds (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 168-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Perhalogenated compounds ; Relative retentions ; Identification by interpolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Separation of perhalogenated compounds resulting from thermolysis, photolysis or radiolysis of mixtures of halogens in carbon tetrachloride was carried out by programmed temperature gas chromatography. Plots of relative retentions (to CBr4) vs the number of bromine atoms present for known compounds of the general formula CxBryClz (x=1 and 2; y+z=4 or 6) gave three linear correlations (all with r〉0.99). These correlations permitted projections of the identities of reaction products for which no standards were available. These projections were later confirmed by CG-MS. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A0732166 00010
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268145
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    Automated on-line gas chromatographic injection of samples completely liquified by pressure (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 383-386 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; On-line process analysis ; Injection of volatile compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modified on-line liquid injection technique with rotary valves for gas chromatography has been developed. Applications for the on-line analysis of 2-methylpropene, cyclohexene and 1-butene are described. All samples were loaded under pressure. The results obtained show excellent reproducibility with less than 0.1% relative standard deviation (r.s.d.; n=6) for the peak areas measured. The method is particularly advantageous for samples containing both gas and liquid ccomponents at one bar.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268186
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    Gas chromatographic method for determining free fatty acids in cheese (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Free acids in cheese ; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide soaps ; Packed and capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A rapid gas chromatographic method for the analysis of individual free fatty acids (FFA) in cheese has been developed. Lipds were extract from a cheese paste acidified with diethyl ether and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAM) was used for converting the FFA to TMA-soaps, which are transformed to methyl esters in the chromatographic injector. The effect of lactic acid was determined. The reproducibility of the method was studied and the coefficient of variation for the total FFA was found to be 2.2%. Recovery of individual FFA was in the range 87 to 106%.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259021
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    Measurement of activity coefficients in polymer solutions by the reversedflow technique (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 453-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Reversed-flow technique ; Polymer activities ; Polymer interaction parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The reversed-flow, gas-chromatographic method for measuring activities and activity coefficients in binary liquid mixtures is now extended to the determination of activity coefficients of the solvent in polymer-solvent systems over the whole range of polymer concentration, as well as for the calculation of Flory-Huggins interaction parameters. The parameters found by the present method are compared with those determined by other techniques or calculated theoretically.
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    Determination of bile acids in serum and bile by a modified gas chromatographic glass capillary technique (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 447-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Bile acids ; Hexafluoroisopropyl esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modified gas chromatographic glass capillary technique for determination of five major bile acids (Cholic acid: CA, Chenodeoxycholic acid: CDCA, Deoxycholic acid: DCA, Lithocholic acid: LCA and Ursodeoxycholic acid: UDCA) has been developed after preliminary extraction with XAD-2 resin. Enzymatic hydrolysis prevents the formation of interferring degradation products. Ether extraction with centrifugation eliminates water soluble interferring substances. Derivatization to hexafluorpropyl- instead of methyl esters results in better separation, shortens analysis time and prolongs the life span of the column.
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    A review of very large scale chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 547-559 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid column chromatography ; Process scale separations ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The relative merits of large scale gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have not been reviewed for some considerable time. Although methodologies capable of manufacturing high efficiency (and hence cost effective) plant have existed for over a decade, commercial introduction has been remarkably slow. This has primarily been caused by confidentiality restrictions placed on equipment manufacturers, in turn severely limiting wide ranging applications data. These are necessary to raise potential end users confidence that both techniques offer viable large scale routes to separation and purification of mixtures as analysed by laboratory chromatographic methods. Considerable recent progress has been made with large scale HPLC plant, which has led to sufficient published data to make both technical and economic comparisons against GC possible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324833
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    Determination of toluenesulfonic acid isomers by gas chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 618-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Toluenesulfonic acid isomer distribution ; Ethyl toluenesulfonate isomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method for the determination of isomeric distribution in toluenesulfonic acid samples is described. The acids are transformed into the corresponding ethyl esters by reaction with triethyl orthoformate in toluene. The reaction mixture can be injected, without further purification, into the gas chromatograph. The separation is best performed on columns containing OV-210 or polyphenyl ether (6 rings) as the stationary phase.
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    Capillary gas chromatography of some metal acetylacetonates (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 691-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Al, Cr, Co and Fe acetylacetonates ; Capillary column separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention and resolution of simple mixture of Al(III), Cr(III), Co(III), and Fe(III) acetylacetonates were investigated on capillary columns coated with methyl and methyl phenyl silicones (OV-1 or OV-17) used as the stationary phase, at different column temperatures and carrier gas flow rates. Successful elution and good resolution were obtained only for the Al(III) and Cr(III) complexes, both under isothermal and programmed-temperature conditions; better resolution was observed on the column coated with OV 17.
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    Analysis of heavy organic pollutants of confined atmospheres (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 300-304 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Phenolic compounds ; Air pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An improved procedure for the determination of the less volatile air pollutants of recycled closed atmospheres by activated carbon-Soxhlet extraction is proposed. After total treatment of desorbate, PAH determination is then accomplished by RP-HPLC using both adsorptiometric and fluorimetric UV detection; phenolic compounds are determined by GC-MS. This technique is suitable for very low levels of PAH and phenolic compounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268170
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    GC analysis of gas in halogen lamps using a new sampling device (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 34-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis in halogen lamps ; Sampling device
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new type of gas sampling device was constructed to improve the analysis of the gas in halogen lamps. Low levels of gases such as O2, CH4, C2H4 and CH3Br could be determined by the techniques worked out.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268121
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    GC analysis of the gas filling of incandescent lamps: Determination of oxygen impurity in argon (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis in incandescent lamps ; Gas chromatographic determination of O2 impurity in argon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sensitive GC method was developed to analyse O2 (∼10–400ppm) in argon, by using Ar as carrier gas. A sampling method was developed for lamp analysis, and the O2 impurity content in the gas filling of incandescent lamps was measured. The results of the GC and MS measurements were in good agreement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268191
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    In vitro rearing ofLysiphlebus fabarum [Hym.: Braconidae] (1988)
    Springer
    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; in vitro rearing ; tissue culture ; endoparasitoids ; Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; élevagein vitro ; culture de tissus ; endoparasitoïdes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un essai d'élevagevitro de l'endoparasitoïdeLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) a été effectué. La difficulté d'obtenir des cultures cellulaires permanentes d'Aphis fabae. Sc., a orienté les recherches vers l'élevage des larves dans des substrats inhabituels. On a aussi réalisé des essais en utilisant une lignée cellulairein vitro deCeratitis capitata (Wied.). Un groupe de larves a été élevé dans un milieu auquel avaient été ajoutés les tératocites du parasitoïde. Les femelles deLysiphlebus fabarum n'ayant pas pondu dans les capsules de paraffine renfermant le milieu biologique, des larves prélevées dans les aphides parasités y ont été directement transférées. Plusierus larves ont atteint la maturité au cours de mues successives normales, mais seulement deux d'entre elles sur 48 ont donné naissance à des adultes. La significantion des tératocites parasitaires dans l'élevagein vitro, des hyménoptères Braconides est discuté.
    Notes: Abstract In vitro rearing of the aphid endoparasitoidLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) was attempted. Successful permanent cultures ofAphis fabae Sc. andMyzus persicae Sulz. cells were not obtained. Therefore, parasitoid larvae were reared in 2 unnatural media rone of which included cells ofCeratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Trypetidae). A group of larvae was reared in a substrate to which parasitoid teratocytes had been added. SinceLysiphlebus fabarum females did not oviposit into paraffin droplets including the substrates, the larvae were directly transferred from parasitized aphids into the rearing media. Several larvae reached the final instar, but only 2 out of the 48 tested in the 3 substrates became adults. The meaning of teratocytes inin vitro rearing of Aphidiine, Braconids is discussed.
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    Isolation of sarcoma virus from noninbred rats (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1477-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: sarcoma virus ; rats ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837772
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