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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 19 (1966), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The chromosome complement of Gueriniella serratulae (F.) Fernald, Tribe Iceryini, Subfamily Monophlebinae of the primitive coccid Family Margarodidae, is 2 n ♀=6; males are unknown. Reproduction is by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Meiosis is normal; polar bodies do not contribute to the formation of a zygote-substitute nucleus; and development is initiated by a haploid cleavage of the female pronucleus. Diploidy is restored by the fusion of the 2 nuclei resulting from this division. With the exception of Gueriniella, all cytologically known Iceryini are haplo-diploids, with a chromosome complement of n=2. The hypothesis is proposed that Gueriniella is a persistent primitive stemming from the ancestral iceryine stock prior to the loss of the sex chromosomes and the evolution of haplo-diploidy within the tribe. A review of the available evidence from cytology, taxonomy, endosymbiosis, behavior and distribution shows good agreement with this interpretation.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 225-227 (July 1996), p. 813-818 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0965-1748
    Keywords: Ecdysteroids ; Microgastrinae ; Teratocytes ; Tobacco budworm
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 23 (1994), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0020-7322
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 29 (1984), S. 203-209 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le complexe parasitaire du puceron noir des agrumes (Toxoptera aurantii B.d.F.) dans la région méditerranéenne a été réexaminé sur la base d'échantillonnages effectués dans le sud de l'Italie et au Liban. Ce complexe est actuellement constitué de 10 espèces d'Hymenoptères Ichneumonoïdes appartenant aux genresAphidius Nees,Diaeretiella Starý,Ephedrus Haliday,Lipolexis Förster,Lysiphlebus Förster,Praon Haliday etTrioxys Haliday. Le parasitoïdeAphidius colemani Viereck, en dépit de sa diffusion dans la région méditerranéenne, a été observé comme ennemi naturel deT. aurantii seulement au Proche-Orient (Israel, Liban). L'espèce néarctiqueLysiphlebus testaceipes est actuellement localisée en Espagne, dans le Midi de la France, en Corse, et dans l'Italie du Centre et du Sud. En Italie, ce parasitoïde a interféré avec les espèces dominantes indigènesLysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady etL. fabarum (Marshall). A cet égard on a évalué le type d'association existant entreL. testaceipes etL. fabarum dans les échantillons collectés en Italie. Les résultats de l'examen indiquent que l'association entre ces 2 espèces est du type négatif, c'est-à-dire que l'abondance de l'une des 2 espèces augmente la probabilité que l'autre puisse diminuer en nombre. De plus, les données concernat l'abondance relative des 2 espèces dans la même région montrent qu'un déplacement en faveur deL. testaceipes s'est effectué entre 1977 et 1978. Le parasitoïde américain semble pouvoir déplacer les 2 autres espèces deLysiphlebus en vertu d'un mécanisme de compétition biologique qui est en cours d'étude.
    Notes: Abstract The parasitoid complex of the Black Citrus Aphid,Toxoptera aurantii (B.d.F.) in the Mediterranean area has been complemented on the basis of samples collected in South Italy and Lebanon. To the complex presently belong 10 Ichneumonoid species of the generaAphidius Nees,Diaeretiella Staryý,Ephedrus Haliday,Lipolexis Förster,Lysiphlebus Förster,Praon Haliday andTrioxys Haliday. Of these,Aphidius colemani Viereck, in spite of its wide distribution in the Mediterranean region, seems to be restricted to Near East (Israel and Lebanon) asT. aurantii parasitoid. The nearctic speicesLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) is localized in Spain, South France, Corsica, Central and South Italy, including Sicily. In Italy, this endoparasitoid has heavily interfered with the local dominant congeneric speciesLysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady andLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall). The possible associative relationships betweenLysiphlebus testaceipes andL. fabarum have been examined in the samples collected in South Italy. The results of the examination suggest that the 2 species are negatively associated with each other, i.e. the abundance of 1 of the 2 species makes it more likely that the other will decrease in numbers. Moreover, the data concerning the relative abundance of both species in the same area indicate that a shift may have occurred in favour ofL. testaceipes between 1977 and 1978. The nearctic parasitoid seems to be able to displace the 2 congeneric species by a competitive biological mechanism which is still in course of investigation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; in vitro rearing ; tissue culture ; endoparasitoids ; Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; élevagein vitro ; culture de tissus ; endoparasitoïdes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un essai d'élevagevitro de l'endoparasitoïdeLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) a été effectué. La difficulté d'obtenir des cultures cellulaires permanentes d'Aphis fabae. Sc., a orienté les recherches vers l'élevage des larves dans des substrats inhabituels. On a aussi réalisé des essais en utilisant une lignée cellulairein vitro deCeratitis capitata (Wied.). Un groupe de larves a été élevé dans un milieu auquel avaient été ajoutés les tératocites du parasitoïde. Les femelles deLysiphlebus fabarum n'ayant pas pondu dans les capsules de paraffine renfermant le milieu biologique, des larves prélevées dans les aphides parasités y ont été directement transférées. Plusierus larves ont atteint la maturité au cours de mues successives normales, mais seulement deux d'entre elles sur 48 ont donné naissance à des adultes. La significantion des tératocites parasitaires dans l'élevagein vitro, des hyménoptères Braconides est discuté.
    Notes: Abstract In vitro rearing of the aphid endoparasitoidLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) was attempted. Successful permanent cultures ofAphis fabae Sc. andMyzus persicae Sulz. cells were not obtained. Therefore, parasitoid larvae were reared in 2 unnatural media rone of which included cells ofCeratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Trypetidae). A group of larvae was reared in a substrate to which parasitoid teratocytes had been added. SinceLysiphlebus fabarum females did not oviposit into paraffin droplets including the substrates, the larvae were directly transferred from parasitized aphids into the rearing media. Several larvae reached the final instar, but only 2 out of the 48 tested in the 3 substrates became adults. The meaning of teratocytes inin vitro rearing of Aphidiine, Braconids is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cardiochiles nigriceps ; Microgasterinae ; Heliothis virescens ; artificial diets ; in vitro rearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The composition of an artificial medium and technical procedures used for in vitro rearing of the endophagous larval parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), from post-germ band egg to the 2nd instar larva, are described. Amino acids, carbohydrates, salts, and vitamins were supplied in defined amounts as an aqueous solution which, when supplemented with 20 mg/ml of bovine albumin, 5 mg/ml of lactalbumin (enzymatic hydrolysate), 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 20% (v/v) milk and 10% (v/v) chicken egg yolk, allowed for parasitoid growth and molting to the 2nd instar. Molting to the final instar was never observed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-hexadecenal ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecenol ; Noctuidae ; Gortyna xanthenes ; Heliothis armigera ; field response ; artichoke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans un champ d'artichaut de la province de Salerno on a evalué la réponse des mâles de G. xanthenes à mélanges divers des constituants de la phéromone sexuelle produite par la femelle. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus en employant un mélange de 5 mg Z11-16:Ald + 0.15 mg Z9-16:Ald + 0.15 mg 16:Ald + 0.12 mg Z11-16:OH, qui a capturé seulement les mâles de G. xanthenes en mesure 3–5 fois plus élevée que les pièges lumineux et ca. deux fois plus élevée que la femelle vierge. En partant du mélange base Z11-16:Ald (89–92%) + Z9-16:Ald (2–4%), l'addition de 16:Ald (2–4%) et de Z11-16:OH (2–3%) a causé un accroissement des captures de G. xanthenes et une diminution des captures de Heliothis armigera. Cela confirme l'action inhibitoire du Z11-16:OH à l'égard des males de H. armigera.
    Notes: Abstract Field responses of Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) males to traps baited with different mixtures of the female sex pheromone components were evaluated in an artichoke field. Catches were compared to those obtained by virgin females and light traps. The best results were achieved by utilizing a mixture of 5 mg Z11-16:Ald + 0.15 mg Z9-16:Ald + 0.15 mg 16:Ald + 0.12 mg Z11-16:OH, which captured only G. xanthenes males 3–5 times more than light traps and ca two times more than one virgin female. Starting from the basic mixture Z11-16:Ald (89–92%) + Z9-16:Ald (2–4%), the addition of 16:Ald (2–4%) and of Z11-16:OH (2–3%) produced an increase of G. xanthenes and a decrease of H, armigera (Hb.) catches. The inhibitory action of Z11-16:OH towards H. armigera males was confirmed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host location ; plant volatiles ; aphid feeding ; wind tunnel ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Aphis fabae ; air entrainment ; tritrophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In-flight orientation of the braconid Aphidius ervi in response to volatiles released from broad bean plants infested by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, was studied in a no-choice wind-tunnel bioassay. The role of aphid infestation level and duration, systemic production of volatiles by “insect-free” parts of the plant, and the specificity of aphid-induced volatiles on the flight behavior of the foraging female parasitoids were investigated. The upper insect-free part of a three-leaved broad bean plant, which was basally infested by a population of 40 A. pisum, released synomones detectable by A. ervi females after at least 48–72 hr of infestation, resulting in both significant increases in oriented flights and landings on the source compared with uninfested control plants. This suggests that volatiles involved in host-location by A. ervi are systemically released by broad bean plants either in response to circulation of aphid saliva, circulation of saliva-induced bioactive elicitors, or circulation of the synomones themselves. Air entrainment extracts of volatiles collected from a broad bean plant infested by the nonhost Aphis fabae or an uninfested broad bean plant elicited few oriented flights and landing responses by female parasitoids. These extracts were significantly less attractive than extracts collected from a broad bean plant infested by the host A. pisum, indicating the specificity of synomones elicited by different aphid species on the same plant species.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scent marking ; scent trailing ; mealybugs ; sex pheromone(s) ; citrus ; Pseudococcus calceolariae ; Homoptera ; Pseudococcidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Virgin females of the citrophilous mealybugPseudococcus calceolariae (Mask.) deposit scent marks as trails on the substrate on which they rest or move. These substances elicit attraction and sexual behavior by conspecific males. The same responses were obtained when males were bioassayed on extracts from filter paper disks on which females had rested. The significance of scent trailing in mealybugs is discussed.
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