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  • Drosophila  (36)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Springer  (61)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (61)
  • 1987  (61)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (61)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Egg-laying strategy under natural conditions of Leptopilina boulardi, a hymenopteran parasitoid of Drosophila spp (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Leptopilina boulardi ; Cynipidae ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoid ; Drosophila ; Diptera ; field egg laying strategy ; functional response ; switching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le concept de réponse optimale d'un parasite vis-à-vis de l'hôte le plus favorable pour son développement demeure surtout théorique et n'a pu être vérifié que dans les conditions de laboratoire. Nous avons montré que Drosophila melanogaster s'avère être, par rapport à D. simulans, l'hôte le plus favorable pour le développement du cynipide parasite Leptopilina boulardi. Une étude sur le terrain a démontré que ce parasite présente une réponse fonctionnelle densité dépendante vis-à-vis de D. melanogaster et non vis-à-vis de D. simulans, avec un effet de bascule. D'autre part, il s'avère que ce parasite exploite beaucoup mieux son hôte, en évitant le superparasitisme, ceci étant démontré au laboratoire et dans la nature. Enfin, il apparaît qu'il est capable d'allonger sa période de ponte lorsque cet hôte est rare, ce qui ne se produit pas avec D. simulans.
    Notizen: Abstract The hypothesis of optimal host species selection predicts that when a parasitoid has the choice between two host species, it will choose the species thay gives the best survival chances for its progeny. We confirmed this hypothesis by laboratory experiments with Leptopilina boulardi Barb. et al., a cynipid parasitoid which prefers Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (the host species most suitable for parasitoid survival) above D. simulans Sturt. As far as fitness parameters are concerned, the fertility of L. boulardi is higher with D. melanogaster; the egg laying can be spread out over a long period when this host is relatively scarce. This does not occur with D. simulans in which parasitic oviposition stops soon when this host is not abundant. Investigations of this foraging strategy were done under more complex natural conditions. We found that L. boulardi has a type III functional response with D. melanogaster only; furthermore, it seems that a switching effect may exist with this host. Parasitoid females appear to distribute their eggs more regularly on D. melanogaster, thus avoiding superparasitism. This seems to be independent of the relative frequency of this host. However, superparasitism of D. simulans did occur more frequently when this host was scarce.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301752
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of morphogenetic movements in the development of the notum anlage of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Pattern formation ; Morphogenesis ; Drosophila ; Growth ; Imaginal disc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A comparison of the morphogenetic maps of the notum anlage of Drosophila melanogaster derived from the gynandromorph data and mosaics induced by somatic crossing-over during the first instar larval stage revealed that practically no major morphogenetic movements occur in the development of the anlage between the blastoderm and first instar larval stages and the adult stage. By comparing the morphogenetic map derived from gynandromorphs and the fate map derived from data on the transplantation of fragments of the mature wing imaginal disc, it was observed that no major morphogenetic movements occur in the notum anlage between the stages of the allocation of the disc and the mature disc. The results are consistent with the observations of other authors concerning the larval development of eye-antenna, wing and leg discs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375774
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antibodies recognizing 20-hydroxyecdysone-dependent cell surface antigens during morphogenesis in Drosophila (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 434-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Morphogenesis ; Cell Surface ; 20-Hydroxyecdysone ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Polyclonal antibodies (anti-P116 and anti-P93) specific for two different hormone-dependent cell surface glycoproteins (P116 and P93) from Drosophila S3 cells have been produced. Anti-P116 and anti-P93 each immunoprecipitate substantially more of P116 and P93, respectively, from extracts of iodinated hormone-treated S3 cells compared to controls. Both antigens are present in control and 20-hydroxyecdysone treated imaginal discs, although apparent increases in antigen content are associated with hormone treatment. Immunofluorescent staining of whole discs with anti-P116 and anti-P93 reveals increased amounts of both antigens at the surface of hormone-treated discs compared to controls. Both antibodies were used to characterize the expression of their respective antigens during embryonic development, and both antibodies were found to recognize in embryos a third developmentally-regulated antigen with a relative mobility of approximately 220000. Our results indicate, at least in the case of P116 and P93, that 20-hydroxyecdysone-dependent cell surface antigens in imaginal discs may be regulated both by increasing the amounts of constitutively present proteins, and possibly through biochemical modifications, altering the localization of these proteins from a cytoplasmic to a cell surface domain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399143
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological differentiation of the embryonic peripheral neurons in Drosophila (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Neurogenesis ; Drosophila ; Neuronal differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The stereotyped segmental and dorso-ventral organization of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of Drosophila embryos allows the identification of all the neurons in the body wall. Distinct classes of neurons are distinguishable according to their location, the targets they innervate, the particular shape of their dendrites and their cell size. Those neurons innervating external sensory structures (es) and chordotonal organs (ch) have single dendrites and have been previously described (Ghysen et al. 1986; Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen 1986; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein 1985). We describe here the identity and morphological features of three other classes of neurons in the body segments which have multiple dendrites (md neurons): 1) neurons that give rise to elaborate dendritic arborisations (da neurons); 2) neurons that have bipolar dendrites (bd neurons); 3) neurons that arborize around particular tracheal branches (td neurons). The thoracic hemisegment (T2 and T3) contains 13 da, one bd, one td, 21 es and four ch neurons; the abdominal hemisegment (A1 to A7) contains 14 da, three bd, three td, 15 es and eight ch neurons. The arrangement of the segmented peripheral neurons is highly invariant and provides a favorable assay system for the genetic analysis of neurodevelopment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402027
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alterations in the cell surface proteins of Drosophila during morphogenesis (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Imaginal disc ; Evagination ; Surface peptides ; Radiolabeling ; Hormone depending ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Unevaginated and evaginated Drosophila imaginal discs were surface-labeled with 125I. Relative labeling was greater in eleven peptides and lower in three peptides of evaginated discs compared to unevaginated discs. These results are compared to the effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HOE) on metabolic labeling of membrane proteins fractionated from imaginal discs, and on cell surface labeling of a hormone-responsive Drosophila tissue culture line. A group of 35S-methionine labeled membrane fraction peptides whose metabolic labeling is 20-HOE dependent have isoelectric points and apparent molecular weights very similar to those of a group of proteins only labeled in iodinated evaginated discs, supporting the conclusion that these are hormone-dependent, cell surface proteins (Rickoll and Fristrom 1983). Based upon two-dimensional gel electrophoretic and immunological criteria three of the proteins showing increased labeling in evaginated discs are related to three proteins induced by 20-HOE in tissue culture cells. Two different subsets of radiolabeled peptides were observed in the imaginal discs based upon detergent solubility. Some of the proteins which are soluble in NP-40 plus urea but insoluble in NP-40 alone may be localized in the basal lamina of the imaginal discs, a structure which labels heavily with 125I and is lacking in tissue culture cells. In discs, the majority of hormone-dependent changes in radiolabeled peptides were seen in the fraction solubilized by NP-40 and urea with a sulfhydryl reducing agent, while in tissue culture cells, the majority of differences is seen in the fraction solubilized by NP-40 only. We speculate that these proteins may be involved in similar processes, e.g., cell rearrangement, that occur during both disc morphogenesis and 20-HOE induced aggregation in tissue culture cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375770
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoreactivation of UV damage in culturedDrosophila cells (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Cell survival ; photoreactivation ; insect cell ; Drosophila ; colony formation ; DNA repair ; ultraviolet radiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cell survival and photoreactivation of 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light damage in a wild typeDrosophila cell line was assayed by colony formation in liquid medium. Fo, Fq, and extrapolation number for the exponential portion of survival curves are 21 J/m2, 3.6 J/m2, and 1.5 for non-photoreactivated cells and 110 J/m2, 11.2 J/m2, and 1.3 for those exposed to photoreactivating light. Maximal photoreactivation occurs at the 100 J/m2 region of the curve. At 10 and 50% survival, 75–80% of the UV damage was photoreactivable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940448
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cell biology of Drosophila wing metamorphosis in vitro (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Wing imaginal disc ; Tissue culture ; Metamorphosis ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have examined the metamorphosis of the wing imaginal disc of Drosophila during culture in vitro in the continuous presence of 20-hydroxy ecdysone (0.1 μg/ ml). We find that the sequence of cellular changes in the wing blade during culture closely match those occurring in situ, involving two periods at which the dorsal and ventral surfaces are joined only by cell processes containing trans-alar microtubule arrays. Good pupal and imaginal cuticle secretion is found in this system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376314
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 222-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Mesodermal cell lineages ; Cell transplantations ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We describe the results of cell transplantation experiments performed to investigate mesodermal lineages in Drosophila melanogaster, particularly the lineages of the somatic muscles, the visceral muscles and the fat body. Cells to be transplanted were labelled by injecting a mixture of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fluorescein-dextran (FITC) in wild-type embryos at the syncytial blastoderm stage. For transplantation cells were removed from the ventral furrow, 8–12 min after the start of gastrulation, and individually transplanted into homotopic or heterotopic locations of unlabelled wild-type hosts of the same age. HRP labelling in the resulting cell clones was demonstrated histochemically in the fully developed embryo; histotypes could be distinguished without ambiguity. Mesodermal cells were already found to be committed to mesodermal fates at the time of transplantation. They developed only into mesodermal derivatives and did not integrate in non-mesodermal organs upon heterotopical transplantation. No evidence was found for commitment to any particular mesodermal organ at the time of transplantation. The majority of somatic muscle clones contributed cells to only one segment. However, clones were not infrequently distributed through two or even three segments. Clones of fat body cells were generally restricted to a small region. However, cells of clones of visceral musculature were widely distributed. With respect to the proliferative abilities of transplanted cells the clones were difficult to interpret due to the syncytial character of the somatic musculature and the fact that the organization of the other organs is poorly understood. Evidence from histological observations of developing normal embryos indicates only three mitoses for mesodermal cells. Clones larger than seven cells were not found when embryos were fixed previous to germ-band shortening; larger clones were found in the fat body and visceral musculature after fixing the embryos at the end of organogenesis. Quantitative considerations suggest that a few mesodermal cells might perform more than three mitoses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376346
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ether-induced segmentation disturbances in Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Segmentation defects, ether-induced ; Drosophila ; Phenocopies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Drosophila embryos, exposed to ether between 1 and 4 h after oviposition, develop defects ranging from the complete lack of segmentation to isolated gaps in single segments. Between these extremes are varying extents of incomplete and abnormal segmentation. On the basis of both their temporal and spatial characteristics, five major phenotype classes may be distinguished: headless — unsegmented or incompletely segmented anteriorly; gap — interruptions of segmentation not obviously periodic; alternating segment gaps — interruptions with double segment periodicities; fused segments; and short segments — truncations with single segment periodicities. Many defects resemble known mutant phenotypes. The disturbances in segmentation are predominantly global and frequently accompanied by alterations in segment specification, such that the segments obtained show no resemblance to the normal homologues. These features, together with the distinctive spatiotemporal characteristics of the defects, all point to segmentation as a dynamic process. The regular spacing of the segments and the fact that the entire range of defects is inducible by ether are further consistent with the hypothesis that at least part of the segmentation process may consist of physicochemical reactions coordinated over the whole body. The relationship between our data and data from genetic and other analyses are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399875
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structure of flight muscles in different Notch mutants of Drosophila melanogaster reared at different temperatures (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene expression ; Drosophila ; Mitochondria ; Temperature sensitivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the indirect flight muscles was studied by electron microscopy in the following Notch locus mutants of Drosophila melanogaster reared at 18° C or 29° C for 6 days after eclosion: Ax 16172/Ax16172, Ax28/ Ax28, l(1)Nts1/l(1)Nts1,l(1)Nts1/Y and in wild-type controls. The flies were raised up to eclosion at 25° C or 18° C. It was observed that the l(1)Nts1 flies gradually became flightless within a few days if reared at 29° C as adults, and gross changes in the fine structure of the flight muscles were also observed in flies of this genotype. Peripheral myofilaments of myofibrils were disarranged and the mitochondria diminutive. At 18° C the flight muscles remained normal. In all of the Abruptex (Ax) combinations the flight muscles remained similar to the wild-type controls at both 18° C and 29° C, i.e. they were normal. The results suggest that the Notch gene is active in adult flies in addition to its activity during embryonic, larval and pupal stages, and is directly or indirectly involved in the adult development of the muscle tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376017
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Autosomal control of lampbrush-loop formation during spermatogenesis in Drosophila hydei by a gene also affecting somatic sex determination (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Spermatogenesis ; Y chromosome ; Lampbrush loops ; Sex determination ; Maternal effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The Y chromosome of Drosophila hydei carries information that is necessary for the development of the spermatozoa. In primary spermatocytes Y chromosomal genes become active: five of the male fertility factors form giant lampbrush loops. Our prior work indicated interactions between the Y chromosomal genes and autosomal loci. It is of interest to identify loci regulating the activity of the Y chromosomal genes. We, therefore, screened a total of about 14,000 chromosomes (X, 2, 3 and 4) for mutations that interfere with the expression of the lampbrush loops. Two mutations with substantial effects on the loop morphology were recovered. One of them, a recessive male sterile mutation (ms (3) 5) on chromosome 3, is described in this paper. Its homozygous state results in a complete absence of all Y chromosomal lampbrush loops at 26° C; at 18° C the loops are formed. Temperature shifts with homozygous males indicate that the function early during the spermatogonial stage is crucial for the development of lampbrush loops in the primary spermatocyte. Meiosis is entirely absent in the male, but normal in females. Females homozygous for ms (3) 5 display a maternal effect, which reduces the viability and fertility of homozygous daughters and produces sons with signs of intersexuality. Linkage studies indicated that the effect on the male germ line and the maternal effects cannot be separated and may hence be induced by a single gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402033
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Haemocytes accumulate collagen transcripts during Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Collagen ; Haemocytes ; Basement membranes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We report a direct examination of the expression of one collagen gene (DCg1) during Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis, based on data from in situ hybridization. The transcripts of this gene, thought to encode a basement membrane type IV collagen, are mainly accumulated during ecdysis in wandering haemocytes. Our results demonstrate that haemocytes contribute to extracellular matrix deposition and seem to perform a fibroblastic function during Drosophila development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376348
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brista: a gene involved in the specification and differentiation of distal cephalic and thoracic structures in Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 124-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Homoetic ; Mutational analysis ; Transformation ; Distal disc structures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A gene Brista has been identified in chromosome 2R, in the region 60D11-E4, in which mutations cause homoeotic transformation of distal antennal structures to distal leg derivatives, and in which certain alleles also lead to upsets in the formation of distal elements of the legs. This gene is haploinsufficient for the homoeotic phenotype. Several putative null and two hypomorphic alleles have been recovered. The effects of exposure to the non-permissive temperature of a temperature-sensitive allele are cummulative and depend upon the length of the exposure during the period of antennal cell proliferation. It is suggested that this gene contributes to the stability of the state of determination in distal domain of the antennal and leg discs, and its relationship to other genes with similar mutant phenotype is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402034
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Segmental organisation of the tail region in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Blastoderm fate-map ; Tail segmentation ; Larval cuticle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The segmental organisation of the tail region in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster, which is defined here as the epidermal region posterior to the boundary between abdominal segments A7 and A8, has been investigated by means of ultraviolet (UV) laser fate-mapping and phenotypic analysis of embryonic mutants that alter the segmental pattern of the larval cuticle. Wild-type embryos were irradiated in the presumptive tail region with a UV- laser microbeam of 20 μm diameter at the blastoderm stage. The ensuing defects were scored in the cuticle pattern of the tail region of the first-instar larva, which is described in detail in this paper. The spatial distribution of defect frequencies was used to construct a blastoderm fate-map of the cuticle structures of the larval tail region. The segmental origin of the larval tail structures was inferred from the phenotypic analysis of segmentation and homoeotic mutants, which revealed pattern repetition throughout the embryonic tail region corresponding to four segment anlagen, A8 to A11, and a non-segmental telson. These data enabled the transformation of the blastoderm fate-map of cuticle structures into a map of tail segment anlagen. The tail anlage occupies about 10% of the egg length (EL), bounded by segment A7 anteriorly at 20% EL and by the proctodaeum posteriorly at 10% EL, as measured from the posterior pole. The anlagen of segments A8 and A9 appear to be narrow dorso-ventral strips of blastoderm cells similar to the anlagen of the trunk segments, whereas the anlagen of A10 and A11 are smaller and produce fewer pattern elements. The telson is represented in the cuticle by the tuft which derives from a very dorsal posterior position. The antero-posterior axis of the entire tail anlage appears curved upward posteriorly. Differences in the mode of development between tail and trunk segments are discussed, as are similarities of larval and imaginal tail development in Drosophila. Comparison with tail development in other insects suggests that, during evolution, the transition from semi-long-germ to long-germ development modified the organisation of the tail region without affecting its primary subdivision into metameric units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376308
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of segmental compartmentalisation on the development of the larval peripheral nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral nervous system ; Compartments ; Segmentation mutants ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The peripheral nervous system of embryos homozygous for prd, ftz, en and bxd was examined for defects and transformations in the segment-specific pattern of sensilla and peripheral nerves. This analysis permitted me to assign a distinct subset of sensilla to any of the three genetically and morphologically defined compartments s, a and p of each segment. In the wild-type embryonic segments, sensory axons deriving from sensilla of different compartments form a part of the common peripheral nerves. In the composite segments of prd and ftz mutant embryos, subsets of sensilla of two neighbouring segments are combined. Nevertheless, the axons of sensilla of different segmental identity are able to fasciculate and to form afferent nerves, which connect in an apparently normal fashion to the central nervous system. It is concluded that in the Drosophila embryo compartmental and segmental identity of sensory organs has no influence on the trajectories of sensory axons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402031
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Injection of wild-type cytoplasm and poly(A)+ RNA provokes phenotype rescue in spätzle mutant Drosophila embryos (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Dorsalizing mutant ; Phenotypic rescue ; Poly(A)+ RNA ; Cytoplasm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary spätzle (spz), a maternal effect gene of Drosophila, is involved in the establishment of the dorso-ventral axis during embryogenesis. Eggs from females lacking the spz gene product develop into completely dorsalized embryos, i.e. the ventral and lateral pattern elements fail to develop. Upon injection of either cytoplasm or poly(A)+ RNA from early wild-type embryos, spz embryos develop lateral pattern elements represented by Filzkörper and in the case of injected cytoplasm additional ventral pattern elements represented by ventral setae. Wild-type cytoplasm retains the rescuing activity longer than the poly(A)+ RNA fraction does, and cytoplasm is always more effective in provoking the rescue than poly(A)+ RNA. Mosaic females containing spz germ cells surrounded by spz + tissues were generated by pole cell transplantations; a mutant genotype in the germ cells is sufficient to produce all aspects of the spz mutant phenotype, suggesting that the maternal source of spz gene product is the germ line.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402028
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Residual influences on fecundity in drosophilid species (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; reproductive behavior ; oviposition ; pheromones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A residual influence of males and females on oviposition has been examined in 7 drosophilids. There was evidence for oviposition deterrence inDrosophila funebris, with males as well as females producing the inhibitory effect. In contrast, male residues stimulated oviposition inZaprionus tuberculatus. Male residues also stimulated oviposition and appeared to serve as an aggregation cue inD. melanogaster.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942858
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of hyperthermia upon gamma-ray induced crossing-over in an excision repair deficient maleDrosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 931-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Hyperthermia ; gamma ray ; crossing-over ; Drosophila ; repair mutant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Hyperthermia of 1 h at 38°C did increase gamma-ray induced crossing-over in meiotic cells of male larvae and adults. However, there was considerably less effect of the heat treatment upon radiation induced crossing-over (a chromosome breakage event) in an excision repair mutanty mei-9 a.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951675
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity to larval density in populations of Drosophila mojavensis: Influences of host plant variation on components of fitness (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Polymorphism ; Stenocereus ; Host-plant-shift ; Developmental homeostasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Chromosomally polymorphic populations of Drosophila mojavensis from Baja California feed and breed on agria cactus, Stenocereus gummosus; whereas, monomorphic Arizona populations are associated exclusively with organ pipe cactus, S. thurberi. The effects of this host plant shift in expanding the kinds of feeding and breeding sites were assessed by manipulating larval density and recording differences in egg to adult development time and viability, and adult thorax size in both populations on artificially rotted substrates of both cactus species. Older agria rots increased development time but had no effect on viability. Organ pipe rots were qualitatively poorer substrates than agria rots for both monomorphic and polymorphic populations of D. mojavensis, especially at higher larval densities causing longer egg to adult development times, lower viabilities, and smaller thorax sizes than agria. The Baja population expressed shorter development times, higher viabilities, and smaller thorax sizes than the Arizona population on both cactus substrates. No evidence for cactus host race formation was found. The Baja population was less sensitive to increasing larval densities for all fitness characters studied on both cactus substrates indicating greater developmental homeostasis than in the monomorphic Arizona population. These data support the hypothesized central-marginal population structure within this species coincident with the distribution of host plants and lend insight into the process of adaptive divergence at different life history stages caused by host plant shifts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378710
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular consequences of two formaldehyde-induced mutations in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene ofDrosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 621-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): mutagenesis ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; formaldehyde ; Drosophila ; deletions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Adh fn23 andAdh fn24 are two formaldehyde-induced, homozygous-viable, alcohol dehydrogenase-null mutants that bear lesions in the gene tht codes for the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) ofDrosophila melanogaster. Adh fn23 contains a 34-base pair deletion in the C-terminal coding region of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural gene. By immunological and molecular analysis, we show that the deletion shifts the translation reading frame and results in a prematurely truncated polypeptide product (10 amino acids shorter than wild type) that cross-reacts with antibody raised against ADH. The steady-state level of alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA present in this mutant is close (97%) to that in the wild type, but the steady-state level of alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein is 50% lower. Moreover, the rate of alcohol dehydrogenase synthesis inAdh fn23 flies is reduced to 60% of that found in the wild type. Hence both the rate of synthesis and the rate of degradation of alcohol dehydrogenase are affected. In contrast,Adh fn24 which contains an 11-base pair deletion in the N-terminal coding region of the ADH gene, synthesizes no immunodetectable protein, and the amount of alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA is less than half that of wild-type flies. As withAdh fn23, the deletion inAdh fn24 results in a change in the reading frame. UnlikeAdh fn23, however, nucleic acid sequence data indicate that polypeptide chain elongation can proceed for a considerable distance (over 130 amino acids) beyond the deletion. Based upon antigenic binding-site predictions, the resultant aberrant protein (projected 195 amino acids in length) would share few antigenic sites with the alcohol dehydrogenase from the wild type, which may account for the lack of immunoprecipitable material in this mutant. The contrasting effects these two deletions have on theDrosophila ADH mRNA levels and ADH protein levels are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556207
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Significance of saguaro cactus alkaloids in ecology ofDrosophila mettleri, a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 2069-2081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; D. mojavensis ; D. nigrospiracula ; D. mettleri ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; cactus ; alkaloids ; viability ; development ; longevity ; host-plant relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Drosophila mettleri is a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid which lives in the Sonoran Desert. Several chemical constituents of cacti in this region have been identified as having major roles in insect-host plant relationships involvingDrosophila. For example, isoquinoline alkaloids, which are present in senita cactus, have been shown to be toxic to seven of the nine species tested. The two tolerant species areD. pachea, the normal resident, andD. mettleri. Necroses of senita cacti are often used as feeding substrates byD. mettleri adults, but this species has never been reared from senita rots. Soil, which have been soaked by juice from saguaro and cardón rots, are the typical breeding substrates of this species. The tissues of both of these cacti also contain alkaloids, chemically related to those in senita, but at much lower concentrations. Alkaloid concentration in saguaro-soaked soil was found to be 1.4–27 times the average concentration in fresh tissue. Alkaloids were extracted from saguaro tissue and used in tests of larva-to-adult viability, developmental rate, and adult longevity. Elevated concentrations of saguaro alkaloids had no significant effect on the longevity ofD. mettleri, but significantly reduced the longevity ofD. nigrospiracula andD. mojavensis, two nonsoil breeding cactophilic species. Viability and developmental rates of all three species were affected, but the effect onD. nigrospiracula was comparatively greater. It is argued that the adaptations that allowD. mettleri to utilize the saguaro soil niche also convey tolerance to alkaloids present in senita tissue. The ability to utilize senita necroses as feeding substrates represents an ecological advantage to D. mettleri, in that the density of potential feeding sites is increased as compared to species which are more specific in their host-plant relationships.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012872
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mating ability in laboratory-adapted and field-derivedDrosophila melanogaster: The stress of domestication (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 541-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): mating ability ; sexual selection ; fitness ; stress ; domestication ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mating ability differences between flies of different alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genotypes have been assessed in the temperature range 15 to 29°C for laboratory-adapted and field-derivedDrosophila melanogaster. Significant differences amongAdh genotypes were detected principally for the laboratory-adapted strains due to departures from random mating associated with heterozygote superiority at the relatively extreme temperature of 29°C, although mating ability differences could not be attributed directly to theAdh locus. The difference between the laboratory and the field populations can be explained by the effects of genetic back-ground manifested in the form of fitness differences, being enhanced for the laboratory-adapted flies as a consequence of the stress of laboratory culture. In contrast with larval survival and development time, laboratory and field flies do not differe appreciably in their overall abilities to obtain mates, which indicates that mating ability is a direct fitness character not greatly affected by laboratory culture. It follows that direct fitness traits are the least amenable to change under domestication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065531
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The dynamics of sexual selection and its pleiotropic effects (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): sexual selection ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Since Darwin's formulation of the theory of sexual selection a number of population biologists have developed models that explore the genetic consequences of his theory. In all these models it is assumed that two forces act to counterbalance the runaway process of sexual selection. That is, female preference for a certain male character tends to select for extreme forms of that character until natural selection exerts its forces to maintain the optimum male phenotype that is able to survive in its environment. In this paper, an alternative explanation for the origin of secondary sexual characters is proposed. It is suggested that polymorphism in secondary sexual characters may be maintained not as a direct result of selection for these characters but by being either linked to or as pleiotropic effects of some other feature of the mate recognition pattern. While there are no genetic data to support these observations inDrosophila at this time, there appears to be compelling evidence that mating success is not wholly dependent on the presence of these characters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065532
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of suppression inDrosophila: Regulation of tryptophan oxygenase by thesu(s) + allele (1987)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 359-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; vermilion ; tryptophan oxygenase ; suppression ; epigenetic suppression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The suppressor gene,su(s)2, inDrosophila melanogaster restores the production of red and brown eye pigments for some purple and vermilion mutant alleles, respectively. We showed previously that the product of thesu(s)+ allele caused inhibition of the sepiapterin synthase A produced by the purple mutant but did not affect the wild-type enzyme. Suppression was accomplished by removingsu(s)+ from the genome. We now report that the tryptophan oxygenase, produced by suppressible vermilion alleles, is also inhibited by extracts fromsu(s)+ flies. The inhibition of the vermilion enzyme can be reduced or eliminated, respectively, by prior storage of the extract at 4 or −20°C or by boiling, whereas the wild-type enzyme is not affected by extracts ofsu(s)+ flies. Also, when the suppressible vermilion strain is raised on certain diets, brown eye pigment production occurs. This epigenetic suppression was reduced by the presence of an extra copy ofsu(s)+ in the genome. These data support a posttranslational mechanism for regulation of enzyme activity in which the activity of the mutant enzyme is reduced by the product of thesu(s)+ allele. How thesu(s)+ gene product can distinguish between the normal and the mutant forms of these two enzymes is discussed, along with other mechanisms for suppression that are currently under investigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554545
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contribution of sexual behavior to Darwinian fitness (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 597-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): sexual selection ; sexual isolation ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The idea that sexual selection is responsible for most of the characters, morphological, physiological, and behavioral, that are observed as subserving the efficiency of the reproductive act as an important monitor of fitness is developed. As a corollary, sexual isolation is downgraded, being considered a relatively unimportant secondary process for which the term “mechanism” is singularly inappropriate. The reproductive isolation frequently observed between allopatric species appears to me to be mostly an incidental out come of the fine tuning of the intrapopulational efficiency of the process of sexual reproduction. Two points are stressed: first, sexual selection is a powerful means of serving fitness; and second, hybridization poses little threat to the integrity or future well-being of a species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065534
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Puromycin enhances 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced protein synthesis in wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 12 (1987), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; puromycin ; protein synthesis ; cycloheximide ; imaginal wing disc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of cycloheximide and puromycin on 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced protein synthesis in wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied by one-dimensional and two-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. It is found that puromycin, but not cycloheximide, when applied simultaneously with the hormone enhanced the hormone-induced synthesis of the ‘early’ and ‘late’ proteins. However, when puromycin was applied after hormone treatment, only the ‘late’ proteins were induced. The possible implication of these observations is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368874
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the specificity of antisense RNA to arrestin vitro translation of mRNA coding forDrosophila hsp 23 (1987)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 7 (1987), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Schlagwort(e): antisense RNA ; hsp 23 ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The specificity of action of antisense RNA for one ofDrosophila low molecular weight heat shock proteins (hsp 23) was tested at the translational level using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. T7 polymerase-driven transcripts of hsp 23 in the antisense orientation were mixed with mRNA from heat-shocked cells under various stringency conditions prior to translationin vitro. Although the four small hsps show considerable sequence homology in their coding sequences, antisense hsp 23 RNA was shown to specifically inhibit hsp 23 mRNA translation under both high (formamide, 45°C and low stringency (37°C conditions. This suggests that the 5′ leader and the ribosome binding region of mRNA are of prime importance in the specificity of action of antisense RNA at the translational level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124795
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serotonin-storing cells of the chicken duodenum: light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enterochromaffin cells ; Silver impregnation ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to identify duodenal endocrine cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), chicken duodena were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same or consecutive sections. Our results show that: (1) Almost all the cells emitting yellow fluorescence by both the Falck-Hillarp and the Furness methods exhibit an immunohistochemical reaction with serotonin (5-HT) antiserum. (2) Almost all cells radiating yellow fluorescence by the Furness method stain with toluidine blue in Epon-embedded sections but, by high-voltage electron microscopy, can be subdivided into two types of cell containing either small round or polymorphous types of granules. (3) In the sections from which resin had been removed, all the cells emitting yellow FIF show argentaffinity by the Singh method, but not all cells display argyrophilia with the Grimelius method. (4) Cells exhibiting both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions in deresined serial sections are also separated into two types of cell, containing either small spherical or polymorphous types of granules by conventional electron microscopy in thin sections. Therefore, chicken enterochromaffin cells emit yellow FIF, store 5-HT, show both argentaffinity and argyrophilia, but are ultrastructurally classified into two types of granule-containing cells which may be related to polypeptides coexisting with 5-HT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216543
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study of atrial natriuretic polypeptides in the embryonic, fetal and neonatal rat heart (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 627-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Heart ; Atrial-specific granules ; Atrial natriuretic polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Impulse-conducting system ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical study of atrial natriuretic polypeptides was carried out on embryonic, fetal and neonatal rat hearts, using an antiserum raised against α-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (α-hANP). Weakly immunoreactive cells were seen in both atrial and ventricular walls at 11 days post coitum (pc). After this stage, the immunoreactive cells became more intensely stained in both atrial and ventricular walls. The immunoreactivity during the prenatal period was stronger in the superficial cell layer beneath the endocardium, than in the deep cell layer of the atrial wall. The cells in the trabecular meshwork also had an apparent, but weak, immunoreactivity, which showed a greater intensity in the left ventricle than in the right one. It is suggested that these immunoreactive cells in the ventricle may differentiate, in situ, into the cells of the impulse-conducting system during the further development of the heart.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216493
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin-like immunoreactive nerves are associated with insulin-containing cells in pancreatic islets of anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anglerfish islet ; Oxytocin ; Insulin ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Recent reports indicate that oxytocin exerts direct effects on the release of insulin and glucagon from the endocrine pancreas of the rat. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxytocin-like immunoreactivity is present in the anglerfish islet, and if it is associated with subsets of hormone-producing cells. Antisera against oxytocin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and the 200 — kd neurofilament polypeptide were applied to serial 5 μm sections of pancreatic islets. The antiserum to the 200 — kd neurofilament polypeptide labeled nerve bundles and axons, some of which were also stained with the oxytocin antiserum. Oxytocin immunoreactivity was observed in large nerves that branched into varicose fibers. These fibers were consistently associated only with clusters of insulin-producing cells. Successive application of oxytocin and insulin antisera to the same section provided additional verification of this relationship. Oxytocin-labeled nerves were not associated with cells immunoreactive to glucagon, somatostatin, or neuropeptide Y (anglerfish peptide Yg). The results demonstrate that oxytocin or an oxytocin-like peptide is located in fibers that surround only insulin-producing cells in the anglerfish islet. Although the functional significance of this observation remains to be determined, the results imply that oxytocin, or an oxytocin-like peptide, may affect the synthesis or release of insulin from anglerfish islets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215412
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive to neurofilament protein in rat molars and periodontium (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Teeth ; Dental pulp ; Periodontium ; Neurofilament protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of nerve fibers in molars, periodontal ligament and gingiva of the rat shows a complex pattern. Decalcified material including the alveolar bone was sectioned in three different planes and stained by means of immunohistochemistry for detection of the neurofilament protein (NFP); the immunoreactive neural elements were clearly visualized in three-dimensional analyses. NFP-positive nerve fibers formed a subodontoblastic plexus in the roof area of the dental pulp; some of them entered the predentin and dentin directly through the dentinal tubules. This penetration was found mainly in the pulp horn, and was limited to a distance of about 100 μm from the pulpo-dentinal junction. In the periodontal ligament, NFP-positive nerve fibers were found densely distributed in the lower half of the alveolar socket. Two types of nerve terminals were recognized in the periodontal ligament: free nerve endings with tree-like ramifications, and expanded nerve terminals showing button- or glove-like shapes. The former tapered among the periodontal fibers, some even reaching the cementoblastic layer. The latter were located, frequently in groups, within the ligament restricted to the lower third of the alveolar socket. A well-developed plexus of NFP-positive nerves was revealed in the lamina propria of the free gingiva, the innervation being denser toward the epithelium of the gingival crevice. The characteristic distribution of NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers revealed in this study is discussed in relation to region-specific sensations in the teeth and surrounding tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215413
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology, composition, and function of struts between cardiac myocytes of rat and hamster (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cardiac muscle cells ; Extracellular matrix ; Collagen fibers and filaments ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology, composition, and function of struts that interconnect the lateral surfaces of cardiomyocytes were examined in the hearts of rats and hamsters. Methods included brightfield and fluorescent light microscopy, secondary and backscatter scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with silver stain, cationic dye, and antibody to type-I collagen. These studies reveal a twisted, beaded appearance and a complex substructure of collagen fibrils embedded in a ground substance that has a positive reaction with cationic dye. A hierarchy of patterns of branching and attachment was seen among intercellular struts ranging in diameter from 0.1 μm to several urn. The hypothesis that struts tether not only the surfaces but the contractile lattices of laterally adjacent myocytes is supported by the following: (a) the attachments of struts to the collagen weave of the sarcolemma, often lateral to the level of Z bands, (b) the presence of collagen type I in a composite material arrangement, (c) the relative dispositions and configurational changes of struts and myocyte surfaces in various physiological states and induced, non-physiological perturbations of cardiac muscle, (d) the corrugated sarcolemmas with infoldings near Z bands, and (e) the continuity of intracellular filaments from Z bands to the inner aspect of the sarcolemma in relaxed and contracted myocytes. Implications of struts acting as tethers and sites for storage of energy in the motions of myocytes during the cardiac cycle are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215507
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    S-100 protein in Schwann cells of the developing human peripheral nerve (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Schwann cells ; Neurilemoma ; Human foetus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary From approximately 7 weeks gestational age in developing human peripheral nerve, as in adult nerve, S-100 protein was found to be expressed solely and uniformly by Schwann cells associated with axons. In embryos younger than 7 weeks S-100 was much less constant and many cells did not show clear staining. The trigger for the initial appearance of the protein at around this age remains unclear although a relationship of S-100 expression in Schwann cells to close axonal contact is suggested. The value of S-100 protein in distinguishing Schwann cells from perineurial cells in normal nerves and nerve sheath tumours remains unclear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215531
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of anti-Leu-7, anti-Leu-11a and anti-Leu-M1 immunoreactivity in the brain of the adult rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Natural killer cells ; Monocytes ; Granulocytes ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study reports a specific cross-reactivity of the three anti-human-hematopoetic-cell monoclonal antibodies, anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1), anti-Leu-11a (NKP-15), and anti-Leu-M1 (MMA), with different epitopes in the brain of the adult rat. The distribution of these epitopes in rat brain is determined by means of immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded frontal serial sections. The reaction pattern of anti-Leu-11a monoclonal antibody is very similar to that of polyclonal antibodies against the myelin basic protein. Both antisera give a specific reaction with myelinated fibers. Immunoreaction products with the anti-Leu-7 monoclonal antibody are found as diffuse, mostly punctiform material in the neuropil and even more evident as small granules coating the cell surface of many neurons. In the white matter anti-Leu-7 reveals a moderate reactivity, which occurs predominantly as spots and fine-stranded material within the myelinated fiber tracts. Anti-Leu-M1 immunoreactivity is present between myelinated fiber bundles of the white matter, where it has a reticulate appearance, and as fine-granulated material within the grey matter of the cortex and the nuclei. The characteristic feature in the grey matter is that of irregularly shaped immunopositive plaques, which are often located around small blood vessels. The cytoplasm of glial and neuronal cells appeared negative with this MAB. The exact topographical distribution of the Leu-7 and Leu-M1 epitopes throughout the rat brain is described. The present hypotheses concerning the nature of this shared antigenicity between hematopoetic cells and nervous tissue are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218197
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of opioid peptides in the brain of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Opioid peptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Annelida: Hirudinea ; Theromyzon tessulatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By use of antisera directed against met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, dynorphin or α-neoendorphin, immunoreactive structures were visualized in the central nervous system and proboscis of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Their distribution in the various compartments of the supra- and subesophageal ganglia was mapped. No correspondence could be established between the neurons containing met- or leu-enkephalin-like substances and the different types of neurosecretory cells classically described in Hirudinea. Successive localization of leu- and met-enkephalin on the same section revealed that these two peptides occur in different neurons. Only one cell located in compartment 6 of the supraesophageal ganglion was both dynorphin- and leu-enkephalin-positive. The other dynorphinimmunoreactive cells were not stained with the anti-leuenkephalin serum. The α-neoendorphin-immunopositive cells were leu-enkephalin immunonegative and vice versa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214655
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Failure of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) to affect the differentiation of LH cells in the rat hypophysial primordium in serum-free culture (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Organ culture ; Adenohypophysial primordium ; LH cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Effect of LHRH ; Fetal rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aims of this study were to investigate the differentiating capacity of adenohypophysial LH cells in a serum-free culture medium and to test whether cytogenesis is affected by synthetic LHRH. The adenohypophysial primordia of fetal rats were isolated on days 11.5 and 12.5 of gestation and cultured without serum for 10 and 9 days, respectively, in synthetic Medium 199 or αMEM. Immunohistochemical examination using the PAP method revealed that most culture expiants, apart from a few degenerate ones, contained LH cells. In comparison with Medium 199, which has been widely used as a culture medium for hypophysial explants, aMEM gave far better results and the primordia cultured in this medium showed better tissue growth and contained a greater number of LH cells. Administration of synthetic LHRH (10 ng/ml) on the first day of culturing had no effect on the number of LH cells, no matter whether or not the culture medium was supplemented with insulin, transferrin or thyroxine. These results suggest that at the early developmental stage LHRH is not essential for the differentiation and/or proliferation of LH cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214651
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical observations of the endocrine pancreas during metamorphosis of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endocrine pancreas ; Metamorphosis ; Biliary atresia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Petromyzon marinus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry was used to localize insulin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells within developing endocrine pancreatic tissue of metamorphosing lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. The extrahepatic common bile duct and a portion of the intrahepatic bile duct develop into the caudal portion of the endocrine pancreas. The cranial pancreas is composed of follicles originating in the intestinal and diverticular epithelia, thus following the method of formation of pancreatic follicles from gut epithelium in larvae. In both the cranial and caudal portions, and in an intermediate cord of isolated follicles which connect these two major masses, insulin-immunoreactive cells appear first and are followed by cells showing somatostatin-immunoreactivity. In all stages of metamorphosis individual endocrine cells demonstrate immunoreactivity to a single hormone. Biliary atresia in lamprey may have some adaptive significance in providing cells that produce a caudal endocrine pancreas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218316
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of melanotropin-like peptides in the central nervous system of two insect species, the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria, and the fleshfly,Sarcophaga bullata (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Melanotropins ; Insects ; Pro-opiomelanocortin ; Nervous system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By use of well characterized antisera in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, we were able to demonstrateαMSH andβMSH immunoreactive cells and nerve fibres within the nervous system of adults and larvae ofLocusta migratoria and 3-, 5- and 8-day-old adultSarcophaga bullata. In neither of these insect species, any immunoreaction was obtained with aγ 3MSH-antiserum. Double immuno-histochemical stainings revealed thatαMSH-like andβMSH-like substances are located in different cells. These cells show no immunoreactivity to a number of antisera against other POMC-derivatives (anti-βlipotropin, anti-βendorphin, anti-ACTH1–24); thus they appear to containαMSH- orβMSH-like material in a specific way. The function of the immunologically detected peptides remains to be demonstrated. The distribution of the immunoreactive material suggests that, like in amphibians and other lower vertebrates, the synthesis or release of melanotropins might be under the influence of external stimuli. The present observations support the recently developed concept that even some of the smallest neuropeptides, the melanotropins, have been highly conserved during a long period of evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239958
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuropeptide Y: Intrapancreatic neuronal localization and effects on insulin secretion in the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreas ; Insulin secretion ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The intrapancreatic localization and the effects on basal and stimulated insulin secretion of neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in the mouse. Immunocyto-chemistry showed NPY to be confined to intrapancreatic nerve fibers mainly associated with blood vessels. Fine varicose NPY fibers were also detected in the exocrine parenchyma and occasionally also within the islets. Double-staining experiments with the use of antisera for both NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) indicated that most of the NPY fibers were nonadrenergic in nature. Only a population of the NPY fibers occurring around blood vessels showed TH immunoreactivity. Under in vivo conditions, NPY was found to elevate plasma insulin levels slightly when injected intravenously at the high dose level of 8.5 nmol/kg. At lower dose levels, NPY did not affect basal plasma insulin levels, but instead inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. Thus, the glucose-induced increment in plasma insulin levels, which was 120±7μU/ml in controls, was reduced to 87 ±5 μU/ml by NPY at 4.25 nmol/kg (p〈0.01) and to 98±6μU/ml by NPY at 1.06 nmol/kg (p〈0.05). In contrast, the insulin secretory response to the cholinergic agonist carbachol was not affected by NPY. We conclude that NPY nerve fibers occur in the mouse pancreas and that most of these NPY nerve fibers are nonadrenergic. Furthermore, in the mouse, NPY enhances basal plasma insulin levels at high dose levels and inhibits glucose-induced, but not cholinergically induced insulin secretion at lower dose levels under in vivo conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239960
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of neuropeptides in efferent terminals of the eye in the marine snail,Bulla gouldiana (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Circadian rhythms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Molluscs ; Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) FMRF-amide ; Bulla gouldiana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Like several other opisthobranch molluscs, the marine snailBulla gouldiana possesses two circadian pacemakers, one in each eye. The two ocular pacemakers are mutually coupled such that: (1) the circadian rhythms of spontaneous electrical activity recorded from the optic nerve are normally synchronous and; (2) if experimentally desynchronized the rhythms will return to the synchronized state. This coupling of the pacemakers is mediated by efferent fibers in the optic nerve, terminating in neuropil adjacent to the basal retinal neurons (BRNs), the putative circadian pacemaker cells. Attempts to identify neurotransmitters in efferent terminals that may be involved in the coupling process have failed. In the present study we demonstrate axons in the optic nerve and axon terminals adjacent to the BRNs that exhibit FMRF-amide- (molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide) and NPY-like (neuropeptide-Y) immunoreactivity. The pattern of immunoreactivity to both antisera is identical. Blocking studies indicate that both antisera are recognizing the same site, most likely the arginine-phenylalanine-amide terminus of FMRF, or an FMRF-like molecule. We conclude that FMRF is a candidate for the chemical mediator involved in the interaction between the two ocular pacemakers inBulla gouldiana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239964
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of pituitary thyrotrophs to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in Snell dwarf mice (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Thyrotrophs ; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated in Snell dwarf mice (dw/dw) that are genetically deficient in thyrotrophin (TSH) and in normal animals of the same strain. The normal animals were treated with either saline or 10 μg TRH per day for 2 weeks, while the dwarf mice were given daily injections of saline, 10 μg TRH for 2 weeks or 10 μg for 6 weeks. At the end of each experimental period, the pituitary glands were removed and fixed for light-microscopic analysis using immunocytochemistry, or for transmission electron-microscopic study. Compared to thyrotrophs observed in the pituitary glands of untreated normal mice, thyrotrophs in TRH-treated normal mice appeared to be more numerous by immunocytochemistry and showed signs of stimulation by electron microscopy. In contrast, immunostainable thyrotrophs could not be identified in the pituitary glands of untreated or TRH-treated dwarfs. However, a few cells exhibiting ultrastructural features of stimulated thyrotrophs, were noticeable in the dwarfs following TRH administration. Thus, while failing to induce the synthesis of immunoreactive TSH under the applied experimental conditions, exogenous TRH appeared to elicit differentiation of thyrotroph precursors into ultrastructurally recognizable thyrotrophs. The discrepancy between the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings remains unresolved; more work is required to clarify the question as to why ultrastructural maturation of thyrotrophs was unaccompanied by the production of immunoreactive TSH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216499
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serotonin-immunoreactive cells of peculiar shape in the urethral epithelium of the human penis (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Penis ; Urethra ; Serotonin-immunoreactive cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The present study deals with endocrine-like cells in the urethra of human penis. A large number of basal-granulated cells immunoreactive for serotonin were dispersed in the urethral epithelium. No cellular elements were stained positively with antisera against bioactive peptides. The serotonin-immunoreactive cells consisted of a small oval perikaryon and slender processes, and resembled neurons in shape. An apical process reached the urethral lumen. The basal processes frequently branched out in a dendritic fashion, some running laterally for a considerable distance. The number of cells immunoreactive for serotonin was remarkably reduced in subjects over 60 years of age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215417
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the guinea pig (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spinal cord ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) neurons in the lower medulla oblongata and the spinal cord has been analyzed in guinea pigs. This study includes results obtained by colchicine treatment and transection experiments. In the spinal cord, numerous VIP-IR varicosities were observed in the substantia gelatinosa of the columna dorsalis; some were also found in the substantia intermedia and the columna anterior. The spinal VIP-IR nerve fibers were mainly of intraspinal origin and oriented segmentally. VIP-IR nuclei in the spinal cord extended dorsally into corresponding regions of the caudal medulla oblongata, namely from the substantia intermedia medialis and lateralis into the vagus-solitarius complex and from the nucleus spinalis lateralis into the area of the nucleus reticularis lateralis. Additional VIP-IR perikarya were observed in the pars caudalis of the nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini. The VIP-IR nuclei within the caudal medulla oblongata probably form a continuous system with those localized within the spinal cord. They may be involved functionally in the modulation of cardiovascular and respiratory regulation in the guinea pig.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215428
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glial cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neurohypophysis of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Pituicytes ; Neurohypophysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glialfilaments ; Phodopus sungorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The presence and distribution of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; an astrocytic marker protein associated with glial filaments) in the neurohypophysis of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) were investigated immunohistochemically. Our study revealed characteristic GFAP-staining patterns within the median eminence, infundibular stem and neural lobe. In the whole neurohypophysis, few glial cells showed immunoreactivity. In the neural lobe, immunopositive pituicytes appeared preferentially in the periphery. At the ultrastructural level, we found some pituicytes containing filaments, most notably in their processes. We thus demonstrated that, in contrast to the GFAP-immunoreactivity of cultured pituicytes, pituicytic GFAP-expression in vivo coincides with the presence of electron-microscopically detectable filaments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215532
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical and radioautographic evidence of monoamine-containing cells in bioluminescent elytra of the scale-worm Harmothoe imbricata (Polychaeta) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 547-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Monoamines ; Annelids ; Bioluminescence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Harmothoe imbricata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Elytra of the scale-worm Harmothoe imbricata were examined for the presence of monoamine-like immunoreactivities and radioautographic reactions. Serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed among the cellular constituents of the elytra, being present in epithelial cells including photocytes, in elytral nerves, clear cells and the loose neuronal plexus of the middle compartment. The distribution of [3H]5-HT labelling coincided with that of the immunoreactivity except for an additional reactive band extending through the upper cuticle layer. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactivity was detected in epithelial cells, sensory papillae and elytral ganglion and nerves, with little or no staining in clear cells and plexus neurons of the middle compartment. Radioautographic labelling with [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]adrenaline overlaid many epithelial cells, elytral nerves and sensory papillae, but not the loose neuronal plexus or, apparently, clear cells. It is concluded that monoaminergic systems are widely distributed and that they must play important roles as neuroactive and/or paracrine substances in the elytral neuroectoderm. The distribution of [3H]5-HT label in photocytes also suggests the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in luminescence control, luminescence being the only known effector activity of elytra.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217326
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of a novel pituitary polypeptide “7B2” in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 707-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): 7B2 polypeptide ; Gastro-intestinal tract ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunoreactivity to the polypeptide designated “7B2” recently isolated from human and porcine pituitary glands, appears to be consistently confined to neuroendocrine and endocrine cells in various tissues. In rat gut, immunoreactive 7B2 was found in endocrine-paracrine cells. Highly labeled cells were found in the antrum of the stomach and, cells with lower concentrations, in the fundus, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Except for a few cells which were simultaneously positive for 5-hydroxytryptamine, and a few others showing Grimelius's reaction, “7B2” cells do not exhibit argentaffin and/or argyrophil character. The 7B2 polypeptide seems to be distributed amongst several different types of endocrine cells in the gut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217343
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathway-specific patterns of the co-existence of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin and dynorphin in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the guinea-pig (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 417-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Substance P ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The co-existence of immunoreactivities to substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and dynorphin (DYN) in neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of guinea-pigs has been investigated with a double-labelling immunofluorescence procedure. Four main populations of neurons could be identified that contained different combinations of these peptides and had distinctive peripheral projections: (1) Neurons that contained immunoreactivity to SP, CGRP, CCK and DYN were distributed mainly to the skin. (2) Neurons with immunoreactivity to SP, CGPR and CCK, but not DYN, were distributed mainly to the small blood vessels of skeletal muscles. (3) Neurons with immunoreactivity to SP, CGRP and DYN, but not CCK, were distributed mainly to pelvic viscera and airways. (4) Neurons containing immunoreactivity to SP and CGRP, but not CCK and DYN, were distributed mainly to the heart, systemic blood vessels, blood vessels of the abdominal viscera, airways and sympathetic ganglia. Other small populations of DRG neurons containing SP, CGRP or CCK alone also were detected. Perikarya containing these combinations of neuropeptides were not found in autonomic ganglia. The peripheral axons of neurons containing immunoreactivity to at least SP and CGRP were damaged by chronic treatment with capsaicin. However, some sensory neurons containing CCK alone were not affected morphologically by capsaicin. These results clearly show that individual DRG neurons can contain many different neuropeptides. Furthermore, the combination of neuropeptides found in any particular neuron is related to its peripheral projection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218210
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonergic and peptidergic nerve fibers in the subcommissural organ of the dog (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subcommissural organ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonergic fibers ; Peptidergic fibers ; Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distributional patterns of serotonin-, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-, oxytocin (OXT)- and vasopressin (VP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were studied in the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the dog by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Abundant serotonergic and moderate numbers of peptidergic nerve fibers running toward the ventricular surface were observed among the cylindrical ependymal cells in the SCO of the dog. Concerning the distributional density of the peptidergic nerve fibers, VP-immunoreactive fibers displayed the highest and LHRH-immunoreactive fibers the lowest values. Most serotonergic and peptidergic fibers returned to the basal portion of the SCO after forming loops immediately beneath the ventricular surface of the ependymal layer. Serotonin-immunoreactive fibers often established a perivascular plexus around the blood vessels in the SCO. At the electron-microscopic level, after use of antiserum to serotonin dark immunoprecipitate was observed in large granular vesicles and the matrix surrounding small and large, clear vesicles and mitochondria; VP immunoreactivity was localized in the large granular vesicles. Serotonergic nerve fibers could be detected in the SCO of the newborn dog. Although the distributional density was in principle not different from that in the adult animal, individual fibers showed immature features such as growth cones and insufficiently swollen varicosities. After penetrating into the ventricle, in the newborn dog, a few serotonin-immunoreactive fibers ran for a relatively long distance on the ependymal surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218195
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Primary sensory neurons of the rat showing calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity and their relation to substance P-, somatostatin-, galanin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive ganglion cells (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Dorsal root ganglia ; Neuropeptides ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) has been analyzed in cervical and lumbar dorsal root ganglia of untreated and colchicine-treated rats. In addition, lumbar ganglia were examined 2 weeks after transection of the sciatic nerve. The occurrence of CGRP-positive cells in relation to ganglion cells containing substance P-, somatostatin-, galanin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/peptide histidine isoleucin (PHI)-LI has been evaluated on consecutive sections as well as using elution-restaining and double-staining techniques. CGRP-LI was observed in many ganglion cells of all sizes ranging in diameter from 15 μm to 65 μm. Thus, this peptide occurs also in the large primary sensory neurons. In contrast to the sensory peptides described to date, CGRP-positive cells constituted up to 50% of all and 70% of the medium-sized neurons, thus being the most frequently occurring peptide in sensory neurons so far encountered. Subpulations of CGRP-positive neurons were shown to contain substance P-, somatostatin-, or galanin-LI and some CGRP-positive neurons contained both substance P- and galanin-LI. In fact, most substance P-, somatostatin- and galanin-positive cell bodies were CGRP-immunoreactive. The coexistence analysis further revealed that galanin and substance P often coexisted and that some cells contained both substance P- and somatostatin-LI, whereas no coexistence between galanin and somatostatin has as yet been seen. VIP/PHI-LI was only shown in a few cells in untreated or colchicine-treated rats. However, after transcetion of the sciatic nerve numerous VIP/PHI-positive cells were observed, some of which also contained CGRP-LI. The present results indicate that a CGRP-like peptide is present in a wide range of primary sensory neurons probably not related to specific sensory modalities. Often this peptide coexists with other biologically active peptides. Taken together these findings suggest that CGRP may have a generalized function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218323
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ontogeny of gonadotropin releasing hormone and gonadotropin immunoreactivity in brain and pituitary of normal and estrogen-treated guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadotropin releasing hormone ; Gonadotropin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropic hormone (GTH) were identified by immunohistochemistry in the brains and pituitaries of neonate, juvenile and adult guppies. GTH was present in some cells of the pars intermedia (pi) and proximal pars distalis (ppd) of all animals. GnRH was found in the perikarya of the nucleus olfactoretinalis. In the pituitaries of juvenile 30-day-old guppies, GnRH-immunoreactive cells existed in a “juvenile pattern”, whereas in adult animals GnRH was recognized in only a few cells. GnRH-immunoreactive fibers were seen in the pituitaries of animals that were 30 days or older. In adult guppies, the ventral and lateral ppd (the gonadotropic region) contained a dense network of GnRH-immunoreactive fibers. Pituitary cells staining for either GnRH or GTH were located in different places. After immunohistochemical double staining of adult pituitaries, none of the GnRH-immunoreactive cells were LH-immunoreactive, although both cell types were often found in close proximity. After 20 days or more of ethinylestradiol treatment, less immunoreactive GnRH was detected in the pituitary cells of juvenile guppies, and fewer animals exhibited the “juvenile pattern” of GnRH-immunoreactive pituitary cells, when compared with untreated controls. The results indicate that GnRH-immunoreactive pituitary cells in the guppy are distinct from gonadotropes and that these cells are involved in regulatory processes along the juvenile brain-pituitary-gonad axis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215438
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distribution of nuclear progesterone receptor in the hypothalamus and forebrain of the domestic hen (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Progesterone receptor ; Hypothalamus ; Forebrain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cell nuclei containing progesterone receptor were identified immunohistochemically in the hypothalamus and forebrain of the domestic hen using an antiserum to the steroid binding “B” subunit (110 kDa) of chicken oviduct progesterone receptor and the avidin-biotin complex procedure. Cell nuclei containing progesterone receptor were widely distributed in the anterior, medial and basal hypothalamus with the highest density occurring in the lamina terminalis and the preoptic area. Abundant, though less intensely reacting progesterone receptor was present in cell nuclei in the tuberal infundibular area and in the internal zone of the median eminence. A large group of cell nuclei containing progesterone receptor occurred in the dorsal anterior hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and the lateral ventricle. This group of nuclei extended anteriorly into the telencephalon. A small number of cell nuclei containing progesterone receptor was also found in the ventral telencephalon in the region of the nucleus accumbens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239981
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Galanin-immunoreactive nerves in the rat iris: alterations induced by denervations (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Galanin ; Iris ; Choroid membrane ; Immunohistochemistry ; Trigeminal ganglion ; Superior cervical ganglion ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Capsaicin ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The iris and choroid membrane of the adult rat contain nerve fibers expressing immunoreactivity to the neuropeptide galanin. The density and distribution of galanin-positive nerve fibers varied from iris to iris and, particularly, among animals. Smooth, non-terminal axons were seen running in nerve bundles consisting of otherwise negative fibers. From the choroid membrane these bundles reached the iris via the ciliary body. Axons were frequently seen to branch giving rise to a sparse system of varicose, single fibers in the dilator plate and sphincter area. Galanin-positive fibers were sometimes also seen outlining blood vessels. Capsaicin, in a dose that causes permanent depletion of substance P- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive fibers in the iris, caused no change in amount of galanin-positive fibers. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion caused a rapid and pronounced increase in the number of galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Similarly, removal of the ciliary ganglion appeared to increase galanin immunoreactivity, while removal of the pterygopalatine ganglion was less effective. Lesioning of the trigeminal ganglion caused a disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity. The sympathetectomy-induced increase was counteracted by capsaicin. Galanin-positive nerve cell bodies were present in both the superior cervical and the trigeminal ganglia. In the superior cervical ganglion, immunoreactive galanin did not seem to coexist with neuropeptide Y-positive cells; in the trigeminal ganglion, some galanin-positive cells also contained calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity, while most cells did not. In the iris, double-staining suggested that CGRP and galanin immunoreactivities were contained in different fiber populations. We conclude that the rat iris and choroid membrane contain a sparse plexus of nerve fibers expressing galanin-like immunoreactivity. It is suggested that these fibers are derived from the trigeminal ganglion. The iris is able to respond with a pronounced increase in number of galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers to certain denervation procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219071
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on transvection at the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 210 (1987), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Bithorax ; Transvection ; cis interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have studied the influence of some mutations in the bithorax complex on the observed synapsis dependent phenotype of the genotypes Cbx 1Ubx1/+ and bx 34e/Ubx1. The effect of these mutations is similar to that introduced by disruption of pairing or by the z a mutation. Among the bx mutations, we find that bx 8 behaves differently from most other bx mutations in its influence on the synapsis dependent phenotype. This observation induced us to map the position of bx 8 with respect to other bx mutations; we find that it maps between bx 34e and bx 3. We show how some of the observations reported here can be fitted into a model of activation of the bithorax complex proposed by one of us.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327212
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of autosomal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster without setting up lines (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 208 (1987), S. 226-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Autosomes ; Mutagenesis ; Compound chromosomes ; Temperature-sensitive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are being used increasingly for studying different biological mechanisms. However, most attempts to identify new mutations have been restricted to the X-chromosome. It has been very difficult to identify new loci on the autosomes, as recessive mutations have to be made homozygous by setting up independent cultures for each mutagenized chromosome. We introduce a mutagenesis scheme which does not require setting up independent cultures. It uses meiotic recombination in compound autosomes to make recessive mutations homozygous and allows the screening of tens of thousands of mutagenized chromosomes with relatively little effort. In a pilot experiment, we tested about 33,300 chromosomes for temperature-sensitive paralytic mutations. We obtained 62 independent paralytic mutations and a large number of other mutations. Eight out of 25 of the paralytic mutations are on the autosomes. This method makes autosomes, which constitute about 80% of the Drosophila genome, more accessible for mutational analysis of various biological mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330446
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein synthesis patterns following stage-specific heat shock in early Drosophila embryo (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 210 (1987), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; protein synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Very short heat shocks are administered to carefully staged early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, and the effects on protein synthesis pattern investigated. A shock as short as 2 min will induce the heat shock response (reduction of normal protein synthesis, increased synthesis of the heat shock proteins) in syncytial blastoderm or later stages. Thus the initial events of the heat shock response must occur within 2 min, and not reverse upon rapid return to 22° C. A low level of synthesis of the 70 kDa heat shock protein is sometimes visible in unshocked animals, but may be induced by the labeling procedure. Survival following a short shock is not strictly correlated with a high level of heat shock response. Pre-blastoderm embryos do not produce significant heat shock protein, but survive a 2 min 43°C heat shock better than do heat shock response competent blastoderm embryos. The protein synthesis pattern prior to the blastoderm stage is very stable, possibly enhancing survival following a short shock. Shocks of 3 min or longer are more detrimental to pre-blastoderm embryos than to later stages, confirming the role of the heat shock response in survival following a longer shock. Stage-specific developmental defects (phenocopies) may be induced by heat shock at the blastoderm or later stages. Induction of these defects may require disruption of the normal protein synthesis pattern. Use of very short heat shocks to induce the heat shock response will be valuable in identifying the precise time at which a specific defect can be induced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327190
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Overlapping transcription units in Drosophila: Sequence and structure of the Cs gene (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 209 (1987), S. 290-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Gene structure ; Mutation ; 3′ processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The Cs gene lies between the functionally and evolutionarily related dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and l(2) amd loci of Drosophila. The Cs and Ddc genes overlap at their 3′ ends, implying that the transcription termination signals of these genes are polar, since each gene's primary transcript contains the complement of the other gene's transcription termination signals. The mature transcripts of the Cs and Ddc genes are complementary for a short distance and the primary transcripts may be complementary over thousands of base pairs. Despite intensive mutagenesis in this region, no mutations affecting the Cs transcript have been recovered although over 90 alleles of the two flanking genes (Ddc and l(2) amd) have been identified. Unlike the flanking Ddc and l(2) amd genes, the structure of the Cs gene and the temporal and tissue specificity of Cs expression are inconsistent with any structural or functional relatedness to the Ddc gene family. The internal structure of the Cs transcript is unlike that of most protein coding genes; it contains several open reading frames which are not situated favorably for efficient translation of the Cs message. This unusual internal structure may be the basis of the observed mutational silence of the Cs locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329656
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Olfactory responses ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for knockdown resistance to ethanol (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; D. melanogaster ; olfaction ; ethanol tolerance ; correlated response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The experiments usedDrosophila melanogaster lines previously selected for increased knockdown resistance to ethanol. Selected lines utilized ethanol as a metabolic resource to a greater extent than unselected lines. Lines were characterized by their olfactory responses to ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetaldehyde in a wind tunnel. Selected lines were less attracted to ethanol than unselected lines but did not differ consistently in their responses to other chemicals. This suggests that increased tolerance and utilization of ethanol are not necessarily accompanied by increased attraction to this chemical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065509
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rare-male mating advantage: An artifact caused by differential storage conditions? (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 409-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): effect of isolation on mating ; rare-male mating advantage ; rare-female mating advantage ; artifact ; bias ; size of mating chamber ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Virgin males (or females) of some species ofDrosophila, when stored singly, are known to be superior in mating to males (or females) stored in groups. This may create a spurious rare-male effect on some occasions. When no account is taken of this storage effect in an experimental setup designed to show rare-male mating advantage, bias in favor of a raremale effect may result. It is shown that merely by storing the rare males singly and the common males in groups, with males not differing in any other respect, a very strong spurious rare-male effect can be produced. Similarly, it is shown that a spurious rare-female effect is possible too. It is proposed that the very strong rare-male effect for pepperment scent as found by Dal Molin [(1979).Am. Nat. 113:951–954] is merely a result of such a bias. The relevance for natural populations of the mating advantage associated with the single housing condition is discussed. In the experiments designed to show a spurious rare-male effect, mating chambers of two different sizes were used. It is shown that sexual selection is more severe in the small chambers, for both males and females.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068139
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular organization of master mind, a neurogenic gene of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 374-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): master mind ; Molecular cloning ; Drosophila ; Neurogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The gene master mind (mam) is located in bands 50C23-D1 of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. mam is one of the neurogenic genes, whose function is necessary for a normal segregation of neural and epidermal lineages during embryonic development. Loss of function of any of the neurogenic genes results in a mis-routeing into neurogenesis of cells that normally would have given rise to epidermis. We describe here the molecular cloning of 198 kb of genomic DNA containing the mam gene. Ten different mam mutations (point mutants and chromosomal aberrations) have been mapped within 45 kb of the genomic walk. One of the mutations, an insertion of a P-element, was originally recovered from a dysgenic cross. Four different wild-type revertants of this mutation were characterized at the molecular level and, although modifications of the insertions were found, in no case was the transposon completely excised. An unusually high number of the repetitive opa sequence, and of an additional previously unknown element, which we have called N repeat, are scattered throughout the 45 kb where the mam mutations map. The functional significance of these repeats is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331604
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a female-sterile mutation affecting yolk protein 2 in Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 209 (1987), S. 360-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; Yolk protein ; protein processing ; secretion ; female-sterile mutant ; DNA sequencing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The three yolk proteins (YP1, YP2 and YP3) of Drosophila melanogaster are synthesised in the fat body and ovarian follicle cells and selectively accumulated in the developing oocytes to provide a nutrient source for embryogenesis. We have described the phenotype of a temperaturesensitive female-sterile mutant, fs(1) K313, and characterised its yolk proteins. This mutation affects the secretion of YP2 and is the first mutation affecting YP2 to be described. Using genetic and molecular tests we argue that the female-sterile phenotype results, at least in part, from the abnormal secretion of YP2 perturbing the follicle cell secretory pathway in general and thus causing defects in chorion protein secretion. The gene coding for YP2 in fs (1) K313 has been cloned and sequenced. Two amino acid substitutions have been found which probably cause the abnormal secretion of YP2 and the resulting female-sterile phenotype.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329666
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimating the number of genetic elements that defer senescence inDrosophila (1987)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 1 (1987), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic elements ; estimate ; senescence ; Drosophila
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Although many different physiological and biochemical changes characterize the process of senescence, little is understood of the genetic elements that determine its age of onset. We provide here the first estimates of the number of genetic factors that extend longevity inDrosophila melanogaster. Life span was measured in F1, F2 and backcrosses of true-breeding long and short-lived stocks ofD. melanogaster, established by selection. Estimates of the number of effective factors delaying senescence range from about 0.3 to 1.5, indicating control by a single factor. The distribution of longevity shows this to arise as selection acts on the short-lived parental stock. Life span is extended at the cost of early fecundity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067267
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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