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  • Cells, Cultured  (66)
  • Physics
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (66)
  • London : Springer
  • 1985-1989  (66)
  • 1988  (30)
  • 1985  (36)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (66)
  • London : Springer
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (479)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (66)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: Human gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits were expressed transiently in cultured mammalian cells. This expression system allows the simultaneous characterization of ligand-gated ion channels by electrophysiology and by pharmacology. Thus, coexpression of the alpha and beta subunits of the GABAA receptor generated GABA-gated chloride channels and binding sites for GABAA receptor ligands. Channels consisting of only alpha or beta subunits could also be detected. These homomeric channels formed with reduced efficiencies compared to the heteromeric receptors. Both of these homomeric GABA-responsive channels were potentiated by barbiturate, indicating that sites for both ligand-gating and allosteric potentiation are present on receptors assembled from either subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchett, D B -- Sontheimer, H -- Gorman, C M -- Kettenmann, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Schofield, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, ZMBH, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Muscimol/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Behavioral sensitization leads to both short- and long-term enhancement of synaptic transmission between the sensory and motor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Serotonin (5-HT), a transmitter important for short-term sensitization, can evoke long-term enhancement of synaptic strength detected 1 day later. Because 5-HT mediates short-term facilitation through adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein phosphorylation, the role of cAMP in the long-term modulation of this identified synapse was examined. Like 5-HT, cAMP can also evoke long-term facilitation lasting 24 hours. Unlike the short-term change, the long-lasting change is blocked by anisomycin, a reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis, and therefore must involve the synthesis of gene products not required for the short-term change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schacher, S -- Castellucci, V F -- Kandel, E R -- GM 32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sklar, M D -- CA 41166/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):645-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Soluble products of either Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells or activated monocytes promote the proliferation of EBV-infected B cells and permit their growth at low cell densities. This suggests that growth factors are important for B-cell immortalization by EBV. In this study, a monocyte-derived factor that promotes the growth of EBV-infected b cells was purified and identified as interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), which is also known as 26-kilodalton protein, B-cell differentiation factor (BSF-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The purified protein has a specific activity of approximately 4 X 10(7) units per milligram of protein in assays of B-cell growth. Thus, IFN-beta 2/BSF-2 is a B-cell growth factor that promotes the proliferation of human B cells infected with EBV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tosato, G -- Seamon, K B -- Goldman, N D -- Sehgal, P B -- May, L T -- Washington, G C -- Jones, K D -- Pike, S E -- AI-16262/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-44365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):502-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/microbiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Monocytes/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1988-03-18
    Description: A probe for the 5' end of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene was used to study expression of the gene in normal human muscle, myogenic cell cultures, and muscle from patients with DMD. Expression was found in RNA from normal fetal muscle, adult cardiac and skeletal muscle, and cultured muscle after myoblast fusion. In DMD muscle, expression of this portion of the gene was also revealed by in situ RNA hybridization, particularly in regenerating muscle fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, M O -- Sylvester, J E -- Heiman-Patterson, T -- Shi, Y J -- Fieles, W -- Stedman, H -- Burghes, A -- Ray, P -- Worton, R -- Fischbeck, K H -- GM32592/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS08075/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 18;239(4846):1418-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurology Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2450401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Muscles/embryology/*metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Regeneration ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: A point mutation in the human insulin receptor gene in a patient with type A insulin resistance alters the amino acid sequence within the tetrabasic processing site of the proreceptor molecule from Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg to Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from this patient synthesize an insulin receptor precursor that is normally glycosylated and inserted into the plasma membrane but is not cleaved to mature alpha and beta subunits. Insulin binding to these cells is severely reduced but can be increased about fivefold by gentle treatment with trypsin, accompanied by the appearance of normal alpha subunits. These results indicate that proteolysis of the proreceptor is necessary for its normal full insulin-binding sensitivity and signal-transducing activity and that a cellular protease that is more stringent in its specificity than trypsin is required to process the receptor precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimasa, Y -- Seino, S -- Whittaker, J -- Kakehi, T -- Kosaki, A -- Kuzuya, H -- Imura, H -- Bell, G I -- Steiner, D F -- AM 13914/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20595/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics/metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: The protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2AP) blocks the induction of the human beta-interferon gene by virus or poly(I)-poly(C) at the level of transcription. This inhibition is specific, since 2AP does not inhibit induction of either the hsp70 heat-shock gene by high temperature or the metallothionein gene by cadmium or dexamethasone. However, 2AP does block the induction of the c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes by serum growth factors or virus, suggesting that a protein kinase may be involved in the regulation of these genes, as well as of the beta-interferon gene. However, different factors must be required for the induction of these three genes, since they are not coordinately regulated by the same inducers in most of the cell lines examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zinn, K -- Keller, A -- Whittemore, L A -- Maniatis, T -- AI20642/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3281258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Aminopurine/*pharmacology ; Adenine/*analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/*genetics ; Mice ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The turnover of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is believed to constitute a crucial step in the signaling pathways for stimulation of cells by a variety of bioactive substances, including mitogens, but decisive evidence for the idea has not been obtained. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody to PIP2 was microinjected into the cytoplasm of NIH 3T3 cells before or after exposure to mitogens. The antibody completely abolished nuclear labeling with [3H]thymidine induced by platelet-derived growth factor and bombesin, but not by fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin, or serum. The findings strongly suggest that PIP2 breakdown is crucial in the elicitation and sustaining of cell proliferation induced by some types of mitogens such as platelet-derived growth factor and bombesin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matuoka, K -- Fukami, K -- Nakanishi, O -- Kawai, S -- Takenawa, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):640-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Bombesin/*pharmacology ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/immunology/*physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: Expression of a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the mouse MyoD1 protein in a variety of fibroblast and adipoblast cell lines converts them to myogenic cells. Polyclonal antisera to fusion proteins containing the MyoD1 sequence show that MyoD1 is a phosphoprotein present in the nuclei of proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes but not expressed in 10T1/2 fibroblasts or other nonmuscle cell types. Functional domains of the MyoD1 protein were analyzed by site-directed deletional mutagenesis of the MyoD1 cDNA. Deletion of a highly basic region (residues 102 to 135) interferes with both nuclear localization and induction of myogenesis. Deletion of a short region (residues 143 to 162) that is similar to a conserved region in the c-Myc family of proteins eliminates the ability of the MyoD1 protein to initiate myogenesis but does not alter nuclear localization. Deletions of regions spanning the remainder of MyoD1 did not affect nuclear localization and did not inhibit myogenesis. Furthermore, expression of only 68 amino acids of MyoD1, containing the basic and the Myc similarity domains, is sufficient to activate myogenesis in stably transfected 10T1/2 cells. Genetic analysis maps the MyoD1 gene to mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tapscott, S J -- Davis, R L -- Thayer, M J -- Cheng, P F -- Weintraub, H -- Lassar, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):405-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/genetics ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genes ; Humans ; Mice ; Muscles/cytology ; *MyoD Protein ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; *Oncogenes ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics/physiology
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: Membrane microcarriers were used to determine the ability of regional extracellular matrices to direct neural crest cell differentiation in culture. Neural crest cells from the axolotl embryo responded to extracellular matrix material explanted from the subepidermal migratory pathway by dispersing and by differentiating into pigment cells. In contrast, matrix material from the presumptive site of dorsal root ganglia stimulated pronounced cell-cell association and neurotypic expression. Cell line segregation during ontogeny of the neural crest that leads to diversification into pigment cells of the skin or into elements of the peripheral nervous system appears to be controlled in part by local cell-matrix interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perris, R -- von Boxberg, Y -- Lofberg, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):86-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Uppsala University, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma mexicanum/embryology ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface/analysis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Aggregation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis/physiology ; Epithelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix/*physiology ; Ganglia, Spinal/embryology/physiology ; Melanocytes/cytology ; Neural Crest/*cytology ; Neurons/cytology ; *Phenotype ; Pigments, Biological/metabolism
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1988-08-12
    Description: Calcium channels are inactivated by voltage and intracellular calcium. To study the kinetics and the mechanism of calcium-induced inactivation of calcium channels, a "caged" calcium compound, dimethoxy-nitrophen was used to photo-release about 50 microM calcium ion within 0.2 millisecond in dorsal root ganglion neurons. When divalent cations were the charge carriers, intracellular photo-release of calcium inactivated the calcium channel with an invariant rate [time constant (tau) approximately equal to 7 milliseconds]. When the monovalent cation sodium was the charge carrier, photorelease of calcium inside or outside of the cell blocked the channel rapidly (tau approximately equal to 0.4 millisecond), but the block was greater from the external side. Thus the kinetics of calcium-induced calcium channel inactivation depends on the valency of the permeant cation. The data imply that calcium channels exist in either of two conformational states, the calcium- and sodium-permeant forms, or, alternatively, calcium-induced inactivation occurs at a site closely associated with the internal permeating site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morad, M -- Davies, N W -- Kaplan, J H -- Lux, H D -- R01 HL-16152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 12;241(4867):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physiology, Philadelphia 19104-6085.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*physiology/radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Ganglia, Spinal/*physiology/radiation effects ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Neurons/*physiology/radiation effects ; Photolysis ; Sodium/metabolism ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Genetically transformed maize plants were obtained from protoplasts treated with recombinant DNA. Protoplasts that were digested from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of maize inbred A188 were combined with plasmid DNA containing a gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) next to the 35S promoter region of cauliflower mosaic virus. A high voltage electrical pulse was applied to the protoplasts, which were then grown on filters placed over feeder layers of maize suspension cells (Black Mexican Sweet) and selected for growth in the presence of kanamycin. Selected cell lines showed NPT II activity. Plants were regenerated from transformed cell lines and grown to maturity. Southern analysis of DNA extracted from callus and plants indicated the presence of the NPT II gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhodes, C A -- Pierce, D A -- Mettler, I J -- Mascarenhas, D -- Detmer, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):204-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/analysis ; DNA, Recombinant ; Electricity ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Kanamycin Kinase ; Phosphotransferases/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Transformation, Genetic ; Zea mays/*genetics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: Ingestion of the excitotoxic cycad seed amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine may be responsible for the neuronal degeneration associated with Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia in man. However, the basis for the central neurotoxicity of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine has been unclear, as it lacks the omega acidic (or equivalent electronegative) moiety characteristic of other excitatory amino acids. beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine produced neurotoxic and neuroexcitatory effects in murine cortical cell cultures only when physiological concentrations of bicarbonate were available in the extracellular bathing medium. Bicarbonate may interact noncovalently with beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine to produce, in combination, a molecular configuration that activates glutamate receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, J H -- Choi, D W -- NS12151/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3136549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Diamino/*toxicity ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects ; Electrophysiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Oxadiazoles/toxicity ; Quisqualic Acid ; beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives/toxicity
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: The rapid induction of the proto-oncogene c-fos by growth factors and other bioactive agents, and the recent evidence that the c-fos protein (Fos) is associated with transcriptional complexes, suggests that Fos may represent an integral part of an intracellular messenger pathway that triggers changes in gene expression and ultimately phenotypic alterations. This report examines the role of c-fos in growth factor stimulation of transin, a matrix-degrading secreted metalloproteinase. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation of transin RNA was blocked by a selective reduction in Fos synthesis with antisense c-fos mRNA, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of transin occurred despite an equivalent inhibition of Fos levels. The stimulatory effect of both PDGF and EGF on transin transcription involved factors recognizing the sequence TGAGTCA, which is found in the transin promoter and is reported to be a binding site for the transcriptional factor Jun/AP-1 and for associated Fos and Fos-related complexes. Thus both Fos-dependent and Fos-independent pathways exist for growth factor regulation of gene expression, and both effects may be mediated through the same cis-acting transcription element.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, L D -- Holt, J T -- Matrisian, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1424-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes/*drug effects ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; Metalloendopeptidases/*genetics ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes/*drug effects ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Transfection
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 1988-03-11
    Description: Functional nicotinic cholinergic receptors are found on mammalian retinal ganglion cell neurons in culture. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can be detected in the medium of many of these retinal cultures, after release presumably from the choline acetyltransferase-positive amacrine cells. The postsynaptic effect of endogenous or applied ACh on the ganglion cells can be blocked with specific nicotinic antagonists. Here it is shown that within 24 hours of producing such a pharmacologic blockade, the retinal ganglion cells begin to sprout or regenerate neuronal processes. Thus, the growth-enhancing effect of nicotinic antagonists may be due to the removal of inhibition to growth by tonic levels of ACh present in the culture medium. Since there is a spontaneous leak of ACh in the intact retina, the effects of nicotinic cholinergic drugs on process outgrowth in culture may reflect a normal control mechanism for growth or regeneration of retinal ganglion cell processes that is exerted by ACh in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipton, S A -- Frosch, M P -- Phillips, M D -- Tauck, D L -- Aizenman, E -- EY05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY06087/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS00879/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1293-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3344435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Mecamylamine/*pharmacology ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects/*physiology ; Retina/*cytology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*cytology/drug effects ; Tubocurarine/*pharmacology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1988-07-29
    Description: The ionic currents of carotid body type I cells and their possible involvement in the detection of oxygen tension (Po2) in arterial blood are unknown. The electrical properties of these cells were studied with the whole-cell patch clamp technique, and the hypothesis that ionic conductances can be altered by changes in PO2 was tested. The results show that type I cells have voltage-dependent sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. Sodium and calcium currents were unaffected by a decrease in PO2 from 150 to 10 millimeters of mercury, whereas, with the same experimental protocol, potassium currents were reversibly reduced by 25 to 50 percent. The effect of hypoxia was independent of internal adenosine triphosphate and calcium. Thus, ionic conductances, and particularly the O2-sensitive potassium current, play a key role in the transduction mechanism of arterial chemoreceptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopez-Barneo, J -- Lopez-Lopez, J R -- Urena, J -- Gonzalez, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 29;241(4865):580-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departmento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Carotid Body/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Oxygen/*blood ; Potassium/*physiology ; Rabbits ; Sodium/physiology
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  • 18
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: Two groups of mediators, the neuropeptides substance P and K and the monocyte-derived cytokines, interact in the neural regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. Substance P, substance K, and the carboxyl-terminal peptide SP(4-11) induce the release of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 from human blood monocytes. The neuropeptide effects occur at low doses, are specific as shown by inhibition studies with a substance P antagonist, and require de novo protein synthesis. Since monocyte-derived cytokines regulate multiple cellular functions in inflammation and immunity and since neuropeptides can be released from peripheral nerve endings into surrounding tissues, these findings identify a potent mechanism for nervous system regulation of host defense responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotz, M -- Vaughan, J H -- Carson, D A -- AI10386/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR21175/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR25443/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins/*biosynthesis ; Kinetics ; Monocytes/drug effects/immunology/*metabolism ; Neurokinin A ; Neuropeptides/*pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Substance P/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*biosynthesis
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: A defective herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) vector, pHSVlac, has been developed that contains a transcription unit that places the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of the HSV-1 immediate early 4/5 promoter. The vector pHSVlac was propagated with the HSV-1 temperature-sensitive mutant ts K as helper virus. Infection of neurons from rat superior cervical ganglia and dorsal root ganglia in primary culture resulted in stable expression of high levels of beta-galactosidase without cell death. These HSV-1 vectors should be useful for introducing genes into postmitotic cells, such as neurons, in vitro and in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geller, A I -- Breakefield, X O -- DK39836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS24279/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034025/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2843986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Defective Viruses/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Galactosidases/*genetics ; *Genetic Vectors ; Helper Viruses ; Neurons/*microbiology ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis/*genetics
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  • 20
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: Diets rich in fish and fish oils are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The interaction of a commercial fish oil extract (MaxEPA) with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) was studied as a possible mechanism for this protective effect. MaxEPA almost completely inhibited EC production of platelet-derived growth factor-like protein (PDGFc) while other lipids had a lesser effect or no effect. Overall protein synthesis was not reduced, nor was the inhibition due to defective secretion or increased degradation of the growth factor. Antioxidants suppressed the inhibitory activity of MaxEPA indicating that free radical oxidative processes were required for the inhibition. These results suggest that fish oils may suppress intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation by decreasing the production of EC-derived paracrine growth factors. This inhibitory process represents a possible molecular mechanism for the antiatherosclerotic action of marine lipids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, P L -- DiCorleto, P E -- HL1561/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL29582/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL40352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Vascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Research Institute, OH 44195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology ; Fish Oils/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*biosynthesis ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: Adhesion of blood cells to endothelial cells is an essential component of all inflammatory responses. The capacity of the endothelium to support adhesion of neutrophils is increased by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and endotoxin. Another cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), was a strong inhibitor of basalneutrophil adhesion and also decreased the adhesive response of endothelial cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The ability of cells to respond to TGF-beta was related to the duration of culture of endothelial cells after explantation from umbilical veins. TGF-beta is likely to serve an anti-inflammatory role at sites of blood vessel injury undergoing active endothelial regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamble, J R -- Vadas, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):97-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Neutrophils/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins
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  • 22
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: In a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates, long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission contributes to the storage of memory lasting one or more days. However, it has not been demonstrated directly whether this increase in synaptic transmission is caused by an enhancement of transmitter release or an increase in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors. These possibilities can be distinguished by a quantal analysis in which the size of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential released spontaneously from the presynaptic terminal is used as a reference. By means of microcultures, in which single sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia were plated together, miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials attributable to the spontaneous release of single transmitter quanta from individual presynaptic neurons were recorded and used to analyze long-term facilitation induced by repeated applications of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The results indicate that the facilitation is caused by an increase in the number of transmitter quanta released by the presynaptic neuron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dale, N -- Schacher, S -- Kandel, E R -- GM32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2892269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: In seven strains of cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells, a mean of 1615 molecules of tritium-labeled 17 beta-estradiol per cell nucleus could be bound to specific nuclear sites. The nuclear binding of the labeled steroid was temperature-dependent, steroid-specific, saturable, and cell type-specific. These are characteristics of biologically active estrogen receptors. Pretreatment with 10 nanomolar estradiol in vitro increased the specific nuclear binding of progesterone in four of six cell strains, indicating an induction of functional progesterone receptors. RNA blot analysis demonstrated the presence of messenger RNA for the human estrogen receptor. The data suggest that estrogen acts directly on human bone cells through a classical estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eriksen, E F -- Colvard, D S -- Berg, N J -- Graham, M L -- Mann, K G -- Spelsberg, T C -- Riggs, B L -- AG-04875/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA-90441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD-9140/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):84-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Dexamethasone/metabolism ; Diethylstilbestrol/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteoblasts/drug effects/*metabolism ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Promegestone/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/drug effects/metabolism ; Tritium
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA or cyclin) is a nuclear protein recently identified as a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. When exponentially growing Balb/c3T3 cells are exposed to antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to PCNA, both DNA synthesis and mitosis are completely suppressed. A corresponding sense oligodeoxynucleotide has no inhibitory effects. These experiments indicate that PCNA (cyclin) is important in cellular DNA synthesis and in cell cycle progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaskulski, D -- deRiel, J K -- Mercer, W E -- Calabretta, B -- Baserga, R -- CA 42866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2897717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantigens/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Codon ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mitosis/*drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*pharmacology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Resistance to antineoplastic agents is the major obstacle to curative therapy of cancer. Tumor cell lines with acquired resistance to the antineoplastic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) overexpressed metallothionein and demonstrated cross-resistance to alkylating agents such as chlorambucil and melphalan. Human carcinoma cells that maintained high levels of metallothionein because of chronic exposure to heavy metals were resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), melphalan, and chlorambucil. Furthermore, cells transfected with bovine papilloma virus expression vectors containing DNA encoding human metallothionein-IIA were resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), melphalan, and chlorambucil but not to 5-fluorouracil or vincristine. Thus, overexpression of metallothionein represents one mechanism of resistance to a subset of clinically important anticancer drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, S L -- Basu, A -- Teicher, B A -- Hacker, M P -- Hamer, D H -- Lazo, J S -- CA-01012/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-38497/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-43917/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharmaceutical Research and Development Division, Bristol Myers Co., Wallingford, CT 06492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; *Drug Resistance ; In Vitro Techniques ; Metallothionein/*physiology ; Mice
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) isolated from woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) carry low levels of nonreplicating WHV DNA. When PBLs from chronic carrier woodchucks were activated in culture with the generalized mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS), WHV DNA replication was initiated in cells obtained from one of three animals examined. Intracellular WHV core particles, containing WHV DNA replication intermediates, RNA/DNA hybrid molecules, and an active endogenous DNA polymerase, appeared 3 days after the start of LPS stimulation. After 5 to 7 days of LPS stimulation, WHV DNA-containing particles, which displayed the properties of intact, mature virions, were released into the culture medium. These studies provide evidence for reactivation of a latent WHV infection of circulating lymphoid cells and indicate that the presence of nonreplicating hepadnaviral DNA in lymphoid cells represents a potentially active infection following cellular activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korba, B E -- Cote, P J -- Gerin, J L -- N01-AI-02651/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-AI-72623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Rockville, MD 20852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3261887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; *DNA Replication ; Ducks/microbiology ; Hepatitis B virus/physiology ; Hepatitis Viruses/*physiology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/*microbiology ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*microbiology ; Marmota/*microbiology ; Mitogens/*pharmacology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Sciuridae/*microbiology ; *Virus Replication/*drug effects
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a critical role in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin elicits the rapid release of LPL through mechanisms that are independent of energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Some of the metabolic actions of insulin may be mediated by the activation of a specific phospholipase that hydrolyzes a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (PI) molecule. The insulin-sensitive glycosyl-PI is structurally similar to the glycolipid membrane anchor of a number of proteins. LPL appears to be anchored to the 3T3-L1 cell surface by glycosyl-PI, and its rapid release by insulin may be due to activation of a glycosyl-PI-specific phospholipase C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, B L -- Lisanti, M P -- Rodriguez-Boulan, E -- Saltiel, A R -- DK33804/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1670-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemical Endocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2843987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology/enzymology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycolipids/metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism ; Insulin/*physiology ; Lipoprotein Lipase/*metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Protein Binding
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: The human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor complementary DNA was cloned and expressed by transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts. The ability of CHO cells expressing the human receptor complementary DNA (CHO-HR5) to interact with different recombinant forms of PDGF (AA and BB homodimers) was tested. Both forms of PDGF bind to the transfected receptor, stimulate the receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and elicit a mitogenic response in a manner that was indistinguishable from the responses of Balb/c 3T3 cells to AA and BB forms of PDGF can be attributed to a single type of receptor and show that the AA form, like the BB form, is a true mitogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobedo, J A -- Navankasatussas, S -- Cousens, L S -- Coughlin, S R -- Bell, G I -- Williams, L T -- HL-32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1532-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2836953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Transfection
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1988-06-10
    Description: Previous studies involving platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been based on the premise that a single cell-surface receptor binds all three isoforms of PDGF (AA, BB, and AB). It is now shown that two populations of PDGF receptor exist and can be distinguished by their ligand binding specificity. The B receptor binds only the BB dimer, whereas the A/B receptor binds AA, BB, and AB dimers. Human dermal fibroblasts appear to express seven times as much B receptor as A/B receptor. The B receptor is responsible for most PDGF receptor phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hart, C E -- Forstrom, J W -- Kelly, J D -- Seifert, R A -- Smith, R A -- Ross, R -- Murray, M J -- Bowen-Pope, D F -- DE07063-11/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- GM35501/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL18645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2836952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Skin/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 30
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-03-25
    Description: The elastin receptor complex contains a component of 67 kilodaltons that binds to a glycoconjugate affinity column containing beta-galactoside residues and is eluted from this column with lactose. This protein component is also released from the surface of cultured chondroblasts by incubation with lactose, and its association with immobilized elastin is inhibited by lactose. Since lactose also blocks elastic fiber formation by cultured chondroblasts, the galactoside-binding property of the elastin receptor is implicated in this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinek, A -- Wrenn, D S -- Mecham, R P -- Barondes, S H -- HL-26499/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-29594/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-38627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 25;239(4847):1539-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cartilage/analysis ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Elastin/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/drug effects/metabolism ; Galactosides/*metabolism ; Glycoconjugates/metabolism ; Glycosides/*metabolism ; Immunoassay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lactose/pharmacology ; Lung/*analysis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: Developments in microscope, sensor, and image-processing technologies have led to integrated systems for the quantification of low-light-level emission signals from biological samples. Specificity is provided in the form of monoclonal antibodies and other ligands or enzyme substrates conjugated with efficient fluorophores. Fluorescent probes are also available for cellular macromolecular constituents and for free ions of biological interest such as H+ and Ca2+. The entire spectrum of photophysical phenomena can be exploited. Representative data are presented from studies of DNA conformation and architecture in polytene chromosomes and from studies of receptor-mediated endocytosis, calcium distribution, and the organization of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arndt-Jovin, D J -- Robert-Nicoud, M -- Kaufman, S J -- Jovin, T M -- FO6 TWOO960/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):247-56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analog-Digital Conversion ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells/*cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; Drosophila ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Salivary Glands/cytology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The carcinogenic process is extremely complex and is affected by diverse environmental and host factors. The mechanism for the gradual development of the transformed phenotype (a process termed "progression") was studied in type 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-transformed rat embryo cells. Progression was not correlated with major changes in the pattern of integration of viral DNA sequences. Instead, it was associated with an increased methylation of integrated viral sequences other than those corresponding to the E1 transforming genes of Ad5. A single exposure of progressed cells to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (Aza) resulted in a stable reversion to the unprogressed state of the original parental clone. A further selection of cells after growth in agar allowed the isolation of Aza-treated clones that had regained the progressed phenotype. These observations indicate that progression is a reversible process and suggest that progression may be associated with changes in the state of methylation of one or more specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babiss, L E -- Zimmer, S G -- Fisher, P B -- CA-33434/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1099-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; *Methylation ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plant cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balandrin, M F -- Klocke, J A -- Wurtele, E S -- Bollinger, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1154-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification ; Cells, Cultured ; Insecticides/isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators/isolation & purification ; *Plants/analysis ; *Plants, Medicinal
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is translated as a 152-amino acid precursor preproANF. PreproANF is converted to the 126-amino acid proANF, the storage form of ANF in the atria. ANF isolated from the blood is approximately 25 amino acids long. It is demonstrated here that rat cardiocytes in culture store and secrete proANF. Incubation of proANF with serum produced a smaller ANF peptide. PreproANF seems to be processed to proANF in the atria, and proANF appears to be released into the blood, where it is converted by a protease to a smaller peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloch, K D -- Scott, J A -- Zisfein, J B -- Fallon, J T -- Margolies, M N -- Seidman, C E -- Matsueda, G R -- Homcy, C J -- Graham, R M -- Seidman, J G -- 1R23CA33570/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL07208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1168-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; Autoradiography ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart/physiology ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Fibroblasts possess several distinct mechanisms that control cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix macromolecules. Monoclonal antibodies to a 140-kilodalton (kD) cell surface glycoprotein inhibited the adhesion of fibroblastic Chinese hamster ovary cells to fibronectin-coated substrata but did not inhibit adhesion to substrata coated with vitronectin, laminin, serum, or other adhesive macromolecules. Thus the 140-kD glycoprotein appears to be involved in the fibronectin-mediated adhesion mechanism but not in other adhesion processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, P J -- Juliano, R L -- GM26165/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/immunology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, S -- Morrison, G H -- R01GM24314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Elements/*analysis ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Kidney/*ultrastructure ; Magnesium/analysis ; Microscopy/methods ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovary/*ultrastructure ; Potassium/analysis ; Rats ; Sodium/analysis ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Fibrinogen fragment D, which is heterogeneous, has several important biological functions. Human fibrinogen fragments D94 (molecular weight, 94,000), D78 (78,000), and E (52,000) were purified. Fragments D78 and D94 but not purified fibrinogen or fragment E specifically caused disorganization of bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured as monolayers. Within 2 hours of exposure to pathophysiological concentrations of fragment D, the confluent endothelial cells retracted from each other and projected pseudopodia. These disturbed cells subsequently became rounded and detached from the substrate. The actin present in stress fibers in stationary monolayer cells was diffusely redistributed in cells with fragment D-induced alterations in morphology. This effect was not observed in monolayers of kidney epithelial cells. The results demonstrate a specific effect of fibrinogen fragment D on the disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers and suggest that fragment D plays a role in the pathogenesis of syndromes with vascular endothelial damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dang, C V -- Bell, W R -- Kaiser, D -- Wong, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1487-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton/drug effects ; Endothelium/analysis/*cytology/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pseudopodia/drug effects
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Human lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to ultrasound from two clinical devices, one of which was previously reported to have increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. The ultrasonic exposures had no significant effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges from three blood donors. Exposure to ultrasound also had no effect on cell cycle progression. A concomitant positive control (mitomycin C) resulted in a significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciaravino, V -- Brulfert, A -- Miller, M W -- Jacobson-Kram, D -- Morgan, W F -- ES03000/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES03238/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM22680/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; *Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Ultrasonography/*adverse effects
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eglitis, M A -- Kantoff, P -- Gilboa, E -- Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; *Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fariss, M W -- Pascoe, G A -- Reed, D J -- ES01978/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES07060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3918345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcimycin/toxicity ; Calcium/*physiology ; Carmustine/toxicity ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/toxicity ; Liver/cytology/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin E/*physiology
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  • 41
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giulian, D -- Lachman, L B -- EY04915/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA38043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR5511/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3872478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/*pathology ; Brain Injuries/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods ; Interleukin-1/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; *Mitogens ; Oligodendroglia/pathology ; Rats
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture. The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic progenitor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, H E -- Finley, K D -- Hershberg, R M -- Katzman, S S -- Laikind, P K -- Seegmiller, J E -- Friedmann, T -- Yee, J K -- Jolly, D J -- AM 13622/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1057-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3864246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Mice ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: Formaldehyde, a common environmental pollutant, inhibits repair of O6-methylguanine and potentiates the mutagenicity of an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, in normal human fibroblasts. Because formaldehyde alone also causes mutations in human cells, the compound may cause genotoxicity by a dual mechanism of directly damaging DNA and inhibiting repair of mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA lesions caused by other chemical and physical carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grafstrom, R C -- Curren, R D -- Yang, L L -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):89-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bronchi/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Formaldehyde/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylnitrosourea/pharmacology ; Mutagens/*pharmacology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence-labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40 micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P. falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazier, D -- Beaudoin, R L -- Mellouk, S -- Druilhe, P -- Texier, B -- Trosper, J -- Miltgen, F -- Landau, I -- Paul, C -- Brandicourt, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azure Stains ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Liver/*parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoenen, H -- Edgar, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):238-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: An earlier finding that lymphocytes from African patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) react with rabbit antiserum to purified antigens of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) prompted a study of the possible cross-reactions between a BLV-infected ovine cell line and human lymphocytes inoculated with a strain of lymphadenopathy syndrome-associated virus (LAV). A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to detect antigenic markers of the retroviruses. Crude extracts from short-term cultures of lymphocytes infected with LAV bound rabbit antisera to the LAV glycoprotein gp13 (molecular weight 13,000) and the BLV proteins p24 and gp51, but did not bind antibodies to the p24 of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Antiserum to LAV gp13 reacted with an ovine cell line producing BLV but also weakly with virus-free ovine cells. Lymphocyte cultures from four African patients with AIDS expressed BLV-related antigens within 6 to 10 days of culture, at the moment when particle-bound reverse transcriptase was produced. BLV-related antigens were induced in lymphocyte cultures from healthy individuals by addition of filtered supernatant or irradiated cells of the original culture. The antisera to BLV used in this study may prove useful for the detection of AIDS-associated viruses in short-term cultures of lymphocytes from AIDS patients or their contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiry, L -- Sprecher-Goldberger, S -- Jacquemin, P -- Cogniaux, J -- Burny, A -- Bruck, C -- Portetelle, D -- Cran, S -- Clumeck, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1482-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2579433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology ; Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Sheep ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The DNA genomes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) isolated from 18 individuals with AIDS or who were at risk for AIDS were evaluated for evidence of variation. Although all of the 18 viral DNA's hybridized throughout their entire genomes to a full-length cloned probe of the original HTLV-III isolate, each of the 18 isolates showed a different restriction enzyme pattern. The number of restriction site differences between isolates ranged from only 1 site in 23 to at least 16 sites in 31. No particular viral genotype was associated with a particular disease state and 2 of the 18 patients had evidence of concurrent infection by more than one viral genotype. Propagation of three different viral isolates in vitro for up to 9 months did not lead to detectable changes in their restriction patterns. These findings indicate that different isolates of HTLV-III comprise a spectrum of highly related but distinguishable viruses and have important implications regarding the pathogenicity of HTLV-III and attempts to develop effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures for this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong-Staal, F -- Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Markham, P -- Redfield, R -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):759-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Potomac horse fever, a disease characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, and occasional diarrhea, is fatal in approximately 30 percent of affected animals. The seasonal occurrence of the disease (June to October) and evidence of antibodies to the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu in the serum of convalescing horses suggested that a related rickettsia might be the causative agent. Such an agent was isolated in cultured blood monocytes from an experimentally infected pony. This intracytoplasmic organism was adapted to growth in primary cultures of canine blood monocytes. A healthy pony inoculated with these infected monocytes also developed the disease. The organism was reisolated from this animal which, at autopsy, had pathological manifestations typical of Potomac horse fever. Cross serologic reactions between the newly isolated agent and antisera to 15 rickettsiae revealed that it is related to certain members of the genus Ehrlichia, particularly to Ehrlichia sennetsu. Since the disease occurs in other parts of the United States as well as in the vicinity of the Potomac River, and since it has also been reported in Europe, the name equine monocytic ehrlichiosis is proposed as being more descriptive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, C J -- Ristic, M -- Cole, A I -- Johnson, P -- Baker, G -- Goetz, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Ehrlichia/growth & development/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Horse Diseases/blood/*microbiology/transmission ; Horses ; Monocytes/*microbiology ; Rickettsiaceae/*isolation & purification ; Rickettsiaceae Infections/blood/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Terminology as Topic ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Infection of normal peripheral blood T cells by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV) was evaluated in long-term cultures of helper-inducer T cells (T4 cells). Cells that were inoculated with ARV and maintained in medium supplemented with interleukin-2 remained productively infected with this virus for more than 4 months in culture, although they showed no cytopathic effects characteristic of acute ARV infection. The presence of replicating virus was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase activity of culture fluids and by viral antigens and budding particles detected on cells by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Virus produced in these cultures remained infectious and could induce cytopathic effects and viral antigens in uninfected lymphoid cells. The finding that normal lymphocytes may be productively infected by an AIDS retrovirus in the absence of cell death suggests that a range of biologic effects may occur after infection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoxie, J A -- Haggarty, B S -- Rackowski, J L -- Pillsbury, N -- Levy, J A -- CA-34980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: While a number of oncogenes are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, their role in the control of cell proliferation can only be established by a direct functional assay. The c-myc protein, upon microinjection into nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, cooperated with platelet-poor plasma in the stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. This suggests that c-myc protein, like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), may act as a competence factor in the cell cycle to promote the progression of cells to S phase. The presence in the medium of an antibody against PDGF abolished DNA synthesis induced by microinjected PDGF; however, the microinjected c-myc protein stimulated DNA synthesis even when its own antibody was present in the medium. The c-myc protein may act as an intracellular competence factor, while PDGF expresses its biological activity only from outside the cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaczmarek, L -- Hyland, J K -- Watt, R -- Rosenberg, M -- Baserga, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1313-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Endothelial cells, which line the interior walls of blood vessels, proliferate at the site of blood vessel injury. Knowledge of the factors that control the proliferation of these cells would help elucidate the role of endothelial cells in wound healing, tumor growth, and arteriosclerosis. In vitro, endothelial cells organize into viable, three-dimensional tubular structures in environments that limit cell proliferation. The process of endothelial cell organization was found to result in decreased levels of the sis messenger RNA transcript and increased levels of the messenger RNA transcript for fibronectin. This situation was reversed on transition from the organized structure to a proliferative monolayer. These results suggest a reciprocity for two biological response modifiers involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaye, M -- McConathy, E -- Drohan, W -- Tong, B -- Deuel, T -- Maciag, T -- 14147/PHS HHS/ -- 310765/PHS HHS/ -- 4807/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):882-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Endothelium/*cytology/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 52
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Primary cultures of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain were incubated with tritiated serotonin. After fixation they were stained by immunofluorescence for the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and processed for autoradiography. Silver grain density was increased over cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and was reduced to background levels when sodium was omitted from the medium or the specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake fluoxetine and chlorimipramine were present. The results indicate that mammalian astrocytes can take up serotonin by a sodium-dependent, high-affinity system previously thought to be the exclusive property of serotonergic nerve endings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimelberg, H K -- Katz, D M -- NS 19492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/analysis/drug effects/*metabolism ; Autoradiography ; Biological Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Clomipramine/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Sodium/pharmacology
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: Microfluorometric recordings were made of changes in the concentration of cytosolic-free calcium in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells treated with quin 2, an intracellularly trapped dye, under several conditions. Nitroglycerin decreased calcium in both the presence and absence of extracellular calcium and strongly and progressively decreased the extent of transient increases in calcium induced by repeated applications of caffeine in the absence of extracellular calcium. Therefore nitroglycerin probably decreases cytosolic-free calcium by accelerating the extrusion of calcium through the sarcolemmal membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, S -- Kanaide, H -- Nakamura, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):553-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3927484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoquinolines ; Animals ; Aorta ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Photomicrography ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Infection of human T cells by human T-lymphotropic virus, type I (HTLV-I), a retrovirus, is uniformly associated with the constitutive expression of large numbers of cellular receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2). Comparison with normal T cells shows that neither IL-2 receptor gene organization nor IL-2 receptor messenger RNA processing are altered in the leukemic cells. However, mitogenic stimuli activate IL-2 receptor gene expression in normal T cells, whereas these stimuli paradoxically inhibit IL-2 receptor gene transcription in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronke, M -- Leonard, W J -- Depper, J M -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus ; Humans ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Cholesterol accumulates within smooth muscle cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby contributing to the progressive enlargement of these lesions. The mechanism of this cellular accumulation of cholesterol is not known. The possibility that platelets may have a role in the cellular cholesterol accumulation that occurs during atherogenesis was investigated. Incubation of thrombin-activated washed rat platelets (or platelet-free supernatants prepared from thrombin-activated platelets) with cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced cholesteryl ester lipid droplet accumulation within the smooth muscle cells. No cholesteryl ester lipid droplets accumulated when smooth muscle cells were incubated with unactivated platelets. Smooth muscle cell lipid droplet accumulation occurred in the absence of serum lipoproteins and was not inhibited by mevinolin, a drug that blocks cholesterol synthesis. These findings suggest that activated platelets may release cholesterol, which can be accumulated by cells and stored as lipid droplets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruth, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/physiopathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/physiopathology ; Platelet Aggregation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thrombin/physiology
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Repeated administration of morphine in increasing doses delayed normal cell death in the ciliary ganglion of the chick embryo; the effect was completely blocked by naloxone. Survival of spinal motoneurons was not affected. Morphine also inhibited potassium-stimulated synthesis of acetylcholine in ganglion cells cultured with muscle, suggesting that morphine can influence neurotransmission. Morphine's effect on cell death may be due to an inhibition of transmission at the neuromuscular junction, but opiates may also directly affect cell death. Although it is now known whether the endogenous opiates in the ciliary ganglion influence neuronal survival during embryogenesis, exogenous opiates can affect normal cell death in the autonomic nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meriney, S D -- Gray, D B -- Pilar, G -- NS 10338/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 19640/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Spinal Nerves/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: When vole cells that had been transformed by Rous sarcoma virus were treated with the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), specific phosphorylation of pp60v-src was increased. Partial V8 protease mapping indicated that the increased phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine residues located in the amino terminus of the molecule. Treatment of cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate did not elicit this response. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of pp60v-src immunoprecipitated from untreated and TPA-treated cells indicated that a specific tryptic amino-terminal peptide was hyperphosphorylated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purchio, A F -- Shoyab, M -- Gentry, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Sarcoma, Avian/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1985-04-12
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, A M -- Creasey, A A -- Ladner, M B -- Lin, L S -- Strickler, J -- Van Arsdell, J N -- Yamamoto, R -- Mark, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 12;228(4696):149-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Xenopus
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Endothelial cell functions, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, may be modulated by membrane stresses induced by blood flow. The production of prostacyclin by primary human endothelial cell cultures subjected to pulsatile and steady flow shear stress was measured. The onset of flow led to a sudden increase in prostacyclin production, which decreased to a steady rate within several minutes. The steady-state production rate of cells subjected to pulsatile shear stress was more than twice that of cells exposed to steady shear stress and 16 times greater than that of cells in stationary culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frangos, J A -- Eskin, S G -- McIntire, L V -- Ives, C L -- HL-17437/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-18672/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-23016/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1477-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Blood Circulation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/cytology/*metabolism ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Addition of norepinephrine to primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes stimulates the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has been observed in serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor and insulin. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by norepinephrine was strongly antagonized by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin but not by an alpha 2 antagonist or by a beta-adrenergic blocker. The beta agonist isoproterenol did not stimulate significant DNA synthesis. These results indicate that catecholamines interact with the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor to stimulate DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. Since alpha 1 receptors are present in most cells, this receptor may be important in cell growth regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cruise, J L -- Houck, K A -- Michalopoulos, G K -- CA 35373/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2982212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Liver/*cytology ; Liver Regeneration ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Prazosin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects/*physiology ; Yohimbine/pharmacology
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: A scheme for partial purification of biologically active v-sis-coded protein from cells transformed with simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has made possible a functional comparison of the transforming protein with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The SSV-transforming gene product is capable of specifically binding PDGF receptors, stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF receptors, and inducing DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts. Each of these activities was specifically inhibited by antibodies to different regions of the v-sis gene product. Moreover, viral infection of a variety of cell types revealed a strict correlation between those cells possessing PDGF receptors and those susceptible to transformation by SSV. These findings provide evidence that SSV-transforming activity is mediated by the interaction of a virus-coded mitogen with PDGF receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leal, F -- Williams, L T -- Robbins, K C -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mink ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: Supernatants from cultures of human monocytes that had been stimulated with endotoxin or silica induced the synthesis of prostacyclin in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The lymphokine mediating these effects on the cells of the blood vessel wall was identified as interleukin-1; interferons and interleukin-2 were inactive. Interleukin-1-induced prostacyclin synthesis represents a new aspect of the interaction between the immune system (as well as other tissues) and the vessel wall and may serve as a basis for the development of new strategies in antithrombotic therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossi, V -- Breviario, F -- Ghezzi, P -- Dejana, E -- Mantovani, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Vessels/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/*metabolism ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Monocytes/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: Cultured diploid fibroblasts from a patient with a previously undescribed inborn error of cobalamin metabolism accumulate unmetabolized, nonprotein-bound vitamin B12 in lysosomes. These cells are able to endocytose the transcobalamin II-B12 complex and to release B12 from transcobalamin II. The freed vitamin B12 is not released from lysosomes into the cytoplasm of the cell. This suggests that there is a specific lysosomal transport mechanism for vitamin B12 in the human.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenblatt, D S -- Hosack, A -- Matiaszuk, N V -- Cooper, B A -- Laframboise, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Transport ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*metabolism ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1367-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3877982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-2/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: The cells and tissues of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), an inherited disease characterized by a high degree of proneness to cancer, are abnormally sensitive to ionizing radiation. Noncycling cultures of normal human and A-T fibroblasts were exposed to x-rays so that the breakage and rejoining of prematurely condensed chromosomes in the G1 phase could be compared. After a dose of 6.0 grays, both cell types had the same initial frequency of breaks and the same rate for rejoining of the breaks, but the fraction of breaks that did not rejoin was five to six times greater for the A-T cells. The results also show that progression of cells into the S phase is not a prerequisite for the increased frequency of chromosome fragments that appear in mitosis after A-T cells are irradiated in the G1 or G0 phase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cornforth, M N -- Bedford, J S -- CA 18023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 36447/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1589-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ataxia Telangiectasia/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/radiation effects ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human/radiation effects ; DNA/radiation effects ; Humans ; X-Rays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: A cytochemical method was developed to differentially stain cellular DNA, RNA, and proteins with fluorochromes Hoechst 33342, pyronin Y, and fluorescein isothiocyanate, respectively. The fluorescence intensities, reflecting the DNA, RNA, and protein content of individual cells, were measured in a flow cytometer after sequential excitation by three lasers tuned to different excitation wavelengths. The method offers rapid analysis of changes in the cellular content of RNA and protein as well as in the RNA-protein, RNA-DNA, and protein-DNA ratios in relation to cell cycle position for large cell populations. An analysis of cycling cell populations (exponentially growing CHO cultures) and noncycling CHO cells arrested in the G1 phase by growth in isoleucine-free medium demonstrated the potential of the technique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crissman, H A -- Darzynkiewicz, Z -- Tobey, R A -- Steinkamp, J A -- 1R0CA23296/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR01315-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1321-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2408339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*analysis ; DNA Replication ; Female ; Flow Cytometry/*instrumentation ; Ovary ; Proteins/*analysis ; RNA/*analysis ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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