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  • 1
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    Impact of a stress-inducible switch to mutagenic repair of DNA breaks on mutation in Escherichia coli [Genetics] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Basic ideas about the constancy and randomness of mutagenesis that drives evolution were challenged by the discovery of mutation pathways activated by stress responses. These pathways could promote evolution specifically when cells are maladapted to their environment (i.e., are stressed). However, the clearest example—a general stress-response–controlled switch to error-prone DNA break (double-strand break, DSB) repair—was suggested to be peculiar to an Escherichia coli F′ conjugative plasmid, not generally significant, and to occur by an alternative stress-independent mechanism. Moreover, mechanisms of spontaneous mutation in E. coli remain obscure. First, we demonstrate that this same mechanism occurs in chromosomes of starving F− E. coli. I-SceI endonuclease-induced chromosomal DSBs increase mutation 50-fold, dependent upon general/starvation- and DNA-damage-stress responses, DinB error-prone DNA polymerase, and DSB-repair proteins. Second, DSB repair is also mutagenic if the RpoS general-stress-response activator is expressed in unstressed cells, illustrating a stress-response–controlled switch to mutagenic repair. Third, DSB survival is not improved by RpoS or DinB, indicating that mutagenesis is not an inescapable byproduct of repair. Importantly, fourth, fully half of spontaneous frame-shift and base-substitution mutation during starvation also requires the same stress-response, DSB-repair, and DinB proteins. These data indicate that DSB-repair-dependent stress-induced mutation, driven by spontaneous DNA breaks, is a pathway that cells usually use and a major source of spontaneous mutation. These data also rule out major alternative models for the mechanism. Mechanisms that couple mutagenesis to stress responses can allow cells to evolve rapidly and responsively to their environment.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Stability analysis of Llerin Rockfill Dam: An in situ direct shear test (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-7952
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6917
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine Residues in Wolves' Viscera from Galicia (Northwest Spain) (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 709-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900684
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TMAOase Activity of European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Organs: Influence of Biological Condition and Season (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Trimethylamine N-oxide demethylase (TMAOase) activity of several internal organs of hake were studied for 2 consecutive y. The correlation between enzymatic activity and season of year, sex, weight, and length were analyzed. While kidney and spleen showed the highest activities, liver, heart, bile, and gall bladder activities were much lower, and in some cases they were below the detection limit. A correlation between TMAOase activity of kidney and season was found. During winter and spring (February to May), the months matching the spawning peak, high activities were detected, while in summer months the activity level was lower. TMAOase activity in the rest of the organs did not seem to have a seasonal influence. Keywords: TMAOase, season, biological condition, hake, soluble protein
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09573.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Goussia carpelli (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) in cyprinid fish of the Duero basin (NW Spain). Aspects of host-parasite relationships (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Goussia carpelli was found parasitizing the intestine and gall bladder of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius and Barbus barbus bocagei, and less frequently Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and Chondrostoma polylepis, from the Esla River. The coccidian is described and data on its prevalence, intensity and pathogenicity are given.In histological sections, the oocysts were detected in the lamina propria or submucosa. We did not observe a clear seasonal pattern nor an influence of the host sex on the infections. On the contrary, there was a tendency to a decrease in the prevalence with the age of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1986.tb00439.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for the spectrophotometric determination of chloride by solvent extraction as chromyl chloride (1977)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 67 (1977), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine neue Methode für die Bestimmung von Chloridionen wurde angegeben. Sie beruht auf der Bildung von Chromylchlorid und dessen Extraktion mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. Der Extrakt hat spektrale Maxima bei 300 und 415 nm. Das Beersche Gesetz ist zwischen 20 und 320μg Chlorid erfüllt. Die besten Bedingungen für die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung wurden ermittelt und ein Verfahren empfohlen. Störungsmöglichkeiten einiger üblicher Anionen wurden untersucht.
    Notes: Summary A simple and direct method for the spectrophotometric determination of chloride, based on the formation of chromyl chloride and its extraction into carbon tetrachloride has been developed. The absorption spectrum of the organic extract shows two bands at 300 and 415 nm; Beer's law is obeyed at both wavelengths over the range 20–320μg of chloride. The best conditions for the spectrophotometric determination of chloride are determined and a procedure is recommended. Interferences from some of the most common anions are studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196526
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of excess volumes with temperature for binary mixtures ofp-xylene withn-hexane andn-hexadecane (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Excess function ; liquid mixtures ; excess volume ; isobaric expansivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The variation of the molar volume with temperature from 25 to 50 °C of binary mixtures of p-xylene + n-hexane and p-xylene + n-hexadecane has been measured by a dilatometric method over the complete mole fraction range. From the experimental results we have calculated ∂vE/∂T)p. Literature values of vE at 25°C together with the integration of ∂vE/∂T)p yield vE as a function of temperature. The excess volumes of p-xylene + n-hexane at 40 °C and p-xylene + n-hexadecane at 40 and 45 °C have also been measured by a dilatometric method, and the results were compared to those obtained from the integration of ∂. The results from both methods are in excellent agreement within experimental error. The experimental values of ∂ are negative for the system p-xylene + n-hexane and positive for p-xylene + n-hexadecane. We have interpreted our experimental results in terms of the order present in p-xylene and n-alkanes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648887
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The absorption of manganese (III) in oat plants (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 47 (1977), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption of Mn (III)-pyrophosphate complex by oat plants, cultured in a liquid medium with nutrient solutions, has been studied. The results indicate that the Mn supplied in this way is accumulated in the plant in a much more intense form. The root is the organ which through its Mn content best reflects the concentration of Mn in the medium in a directly proportional relationship, at the same time that the inflorescence is able to regulate the uptake of the element. It appears that the Mn (III)-pyrophosphate complex is less active compared with Mn (II) as ion, since with the same concentration in the plant less dry matter is produced. It is possible that it remains in the plant, at least partially, in the complex form. Nevertheless, the inflorescence does not distinguish between both forms of the element, as if in this organ they were rendered, or arrived in the same form. An antagonism between the Mn supplied and the Fe content in various parts of the plant is observed, especially when the Mn is added in the form of complex; except that, as noted above, the inflorescence and in this case also the roots does not distinguish between the two forms of the nutrient. re]19751218
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010382
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for the identification of chloride ions by the formation of chromyl chloride (1976)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 65 (1976), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vorgeschlagen wird eine neue Technik zum Chloridnachweis durch Bildung von Chromylchlorid. Dieser Nachweis beruht auf der Extraktion des Chromylchlorids mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 2μg Chlorid, wobei die Möglichkeit besteht, den Test auch in Gegenwart von Fluorid durchzuführen, das bei Anwendung der üblichen Destillationsmethoden nicht anwesend sein darf.
    Notes: Summary A new technique is described for the identification of the chloride ion through the formation of chromyl chloride, based on the extraction of the latter with carbon tetrachloride. The identification limit is 2μg of chloride. It is possible to carry out the test in the presence of many other anions, including fluoride, which cannot be present when the traditional distillation technique is employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01217841
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect determination of chloride as chromyl chloride by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (1984)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 83 (1984), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Chlorid durch Atom-Absorptions-Spektroskopie wurde entwickelt, deren Basis die Bildung von Chromylchlorid, dessen Extraktion mit Cl4C und die anschließende Bestimmung des rückextrahierten Chroms in einer Lösung von NH4H2PO4/(NH4)2HPO4 ist. Das lineare Verhältnis zwischen Absorbanz und Chromkonzentration ermöglicht die Bestimmung des Chlorids im Bereich 5–270μg; zur direkten Eichung dienten wäßrige Lösungen von Chrom(VI). Die vorgeschlagene Methode wurde für die Chlorid-Bestimmung in Mineral-und Medizinalwasser benutzt.
    Notes: Summary A method for the determination of chloride in aqueous solution by atomic-absorption Spectrophotometry is described. The chloride is converted into chromyl chloride, which is extracted into carbon tetrachloride and subsequently back-extracted and determined in a solution buffered with NH4H2PO4/(NH4)2HPO4. Calibration plots of the atomic absorption of the aqueous back-extracted phase at the chromium 425.4 nm resonance line are linear in the range 5–270μg of chloride. The calibration graph can be obtained directly with aqueous solutions of Cr(VI). The proposed method can be applied directly to mineral and medicinal water samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207067
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