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  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Springer  (67)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (56)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1993  (26)
  • 1990  (30)
  • 1984  (11)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (56)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Chaperonin 60 and Chaperonin 10 in primary and secondary bacterial symbionts of aphids: Implications for the evolution of an endosymbiotic system in aphids (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 568-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Aphids ; Endosymbiosis ; Symbionin ; Chaperonin 60 ; Chaperonin 10 ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary symbiont ; Secondary symbiont ; Endosymbiotic evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary All aphids harbor symbiotrophic prokaryotes (“primary symbionts”) in a specialized-abdominal cell, the bacteriocyte. Chaperonin 60 (Cpn60, symbionin) and chaperonin 10 (Cpn10), which are high and low molecular weight heatshock proteins, were sought in tissues of more than 60 aphid species. The endosymbionts were compared immunologically and histologically. It was demonstrated that (1) there are two types of aphids in terms of the endosymbiotic system: some with only primary symbionts and others with, in addition, secondary symbionts; (2) the primary symbionts of various aphids are quite similar in morphology whereas the secondary symbionts vary; and (3) irrespective of the aphid species, Cpn60 is abundant in both the primary and secondary symbionts, while Cpn10 is abundant in the secondary symbionts but present in small amounts in the primary ones. Based on these results, we suggest that the primary symbionts have been derived from a prokaryote that was acquired by the common ancestor of aphids whereas the secondary symbionts have been acquired by various aphids independently after divergence of the aphid species. In addition, we point out the possibility that the prokaryotes under intracellular conditions have been subject to some common evolutionary pressures, and as a result, have come to resemble cell organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the morphology of enterochromaffin cells in the human fundic mucosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was investigated at the lightmicroscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum. EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck portion of the gland, but were found to be rather numerous in its lower half. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked pleomorphic and seemingly polynuclear EC-cells or cells with long, sometimes multipolar cytoplasmic processes. In addition, luminal contacts and contiguity between EC-cells, or interglandular connections were also encountered. The present immunohistochemical procedure permits, for the first time, a clear-cut morphological visualization of the entire population of EC-cells, and reveals the distinctive morphological features of these cells in the human fundic mucosa. These morphological findings imply that EC-cells in the fundic mucosa may be crucial in gastric function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226973
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet A cell ; Catecholamine ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217141
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex (pineal and parapineal organs) ; Development, ontogenetic ; Photoreceptor cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonin (5-HT) ; Opsin ; Teleost (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5-HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsinimmunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228440
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of endocrine cells in the gut of the insect Periplaneta americana (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut endocrine cells ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Insect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the gut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied by immunohistochemistry. During embryogenesis, the midgut begins to be formed as an outgrowth of the foregut and hindgut invaginations. Gut endocrine cells with pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity begin to appear at the anterior and posterior ends of the forming midgut. These cells are restricted to the midgut epithelium, and no mitotic cells with PP-like immunoreactivity are observed. These results strongly suggest that the gut endocrine cells, at least those with PP-like immunoreactivity, are derived from precursor cells they have in common with other epithelial cells of the midgut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217318
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the sensory organs of the legs in the blowfly,Phormia regina (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metamorphosis ; Imaginal disc ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phormia regina, Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the sensory neurons of the legs of the blowfly,Phormia regina has been described from the third instar larva to the late pupa using immunohistochemical staining. The leg discs of the third instar larva contain 8 neurons of which 5 come to lie in the fifth tarsomere of the developing leg. Whereas 2 neurons persist at least to the late pupa, the other cells degenerate. The first neurons of gustatory sensilla arise in the fifth tarsomere at about 1.5 h after formation of the puparium. Most of these sensilla, however, appear within a short time period beginning at about 18 h. The femoral chordotonal sensory neurons first appear at the time of formation of the puparium, as a mass of cells situated in the distal femur. During later pupal development 2 groups of these cells come to lie at the femur-trochanter border, where they become the proximal femoral chordotonal organ of the adult; the remaining cells become the distal femoral chordotonal organ. Other scolopidial neurons appear later in development. The nerve pathways of the late pupal leg are established either by the axons of the cells that are present in the larval leg disc or by new outgrowing processes of sensory neurons. In the tibia, the initial direction of new outgrowth differs in different regions of the segment: proximal tibial neurons grow distally, while distal tibial neurons grow initially proximally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571434
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 279-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine ; Galanin ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Salt-loading ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Neurophypophysis ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In situ hybridization histochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to study changes in the expression of vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), galanin (GAL), dynorphin (DYN) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of rats. After prolonged administration of 2% sodium chloride as drinking water (salt-loading), the treatment increased the levels of VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK mRNA in the PVN and SON. The increase in CCK mRNA was, however, proportionally higher in the PVN than in the SON. Within cell bodies of the PVN and SON of salt-loaded rats, a depletion of VP- and OXY-like immunoreactivity (LI) and an increase in TH-LI were seen. In salt-loaded/colchicine-treated rats, a marked decrease in GAL- and DYN-LI, but no specific changes in CCK-LI were observed. Within nerve fibers of the posterior pituitary of salt-loaded rats, a marked depletion of VP-, GAL- and DYN-LI was found. Less pronounced depletion was observed in OXY- and CCK-LI, and no specific changes in TH-LI were seen. The results show that high plasma osmolality induces increased mRNA levels for VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK, presumably indicating increased synthesis, an increased export from cell somata of VP, OXY, GAL and DYN, and a decrease in levels of these peptides in the posterior pituitary, suggesting increased release. The catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme TH, however, which has a cytoplasmic localization and is not released from nerve endings, remains high in the cell bodies and nerve endings during this state of increased activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318631
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Vestibular organ ; Hair cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotransmitters involved in the vestibular system are largely uncharacterized. On the basis of results of earlier electrophysiological and immunohistochemical experiments, glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been proposed in both mammalian and non-mammalian species as afferent transmitters between the sensory cell and the afferent dendrite. GABA is also suspected to act as an efferent neurotransmitter in the cochlea. We describe in this study the immunocytochemical localization of GABA within the vestibular end organs in the guinea pig. GABA immunoreactivity was found in the calyceal nerve endings surrounding type I hair cells of the vestibular epithelia. The most significant labelings were obtained in the crista ampullaris. Labeling was more difficult to observe in the utricular and saccular macula. These results contribute to the recent proposal that the calyx has a secretory function, and suggest that GABA may have a modulatory influence upon the type I hair cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318645
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Immunohistochemical localization of some vertebrate-like neuropeptides (SP, NPY, CGRP, CCK) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Cholecystokinin (CCK) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of the vertebrate-like neuropeptides substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin (CCK8) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus has been studied using specific antisera and single and double immunohistochemistry. A widespread but precise distribution of immunore-activity (IR) in neurons and fibers of almost all the ganglia is observed for each antiserum. A comparison of the IR with classical neurosecretory staining (AB/AY) shows a partial overlap only for CGRP and CCK8. Whereas CGRP-IR is found in some Yellow Cells in the left parietal ganglion, CCK8-IR is found in Yellow Green, Green and Brown Cells in the viscero-parietal complex. Studies employing double-sequential methods or simultaneous immunofluorescence have shown that, with regard to the tested antisera, CCK8- and NPY-IR are colocalized in a limited number of cells and fibers in the buccal and visceral ganglia, whereas CCK8- and SP-IR are colocalized only rarely in neurons in the left cerebral ganglion. The possible roles in P. corneus of the investigated neuropeptides and the contribution that molluscan models may offer to the knowledge of the basic properties of neuropeptides are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Innervation ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary is known to be regulated by hypothalamic hormones. Recently, we have discovered the presence of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the monkeys. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of the dog was investigated in this study. A substantial amount of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers with a large amount of varicosities were found. They were widely distributed in the gland, more abundant along its periphery. Most of them were closely related to the glandular tissue, some were located on vascular walls. Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the meningeal sheath of the anterior pituitary. They could be followed into the parenchyma of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318673
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    The localization of macrophage subsets and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse with special reference to the presence of high endothelial venules (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut ; Macrophages ; High-endothelial venules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse BALB/c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study concerns the distribution of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse. Heterogeneity of macrophage population was found by using the MOMA-1, MOMA-2, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies. MOMA-1, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80+ cells were detected mostly at the villous cores in the lamina propria of the villi, whereas MOMA-2+ cells were primarily found around the crypts at the base of the villi. These MOMA-2+ cells revealed a granular appearance throughout the cytoplasm and displayed a strong acid phosphatase (AcPh) activity. Few MOMA-2+ cells were seen at the top of the villi in the epithelium. Although MOMA-1 and ERTR-9+ cells have similar morphology and the same distribution patterns in the lamina propria, they are likely different populations, because in Peyer's patches (PP), MOMA-1+ cells were present, whereas ERTR-9+ cells could not be detected. Both populations displayed AcPh activity. Strongly stained Mac-1+ cells were abundantly seen in the lamina propria of the small intestine. F4/80+ cells were rare. NLDC-145+ cells with AcPh activity and weak Ia staining were also found. In the PP-associated villi and in the T-dependent area of PP, dendritic NLDC-145+ cells, which were strongly Ia positive, were detected. MIDC-8+ cells were found only in the T-dependent area. Few NLDC-145+ cells (dendritic cells) were found in the upper part of the oesophagus. These cells were also stained with the MIDC-8 antibody. The MECA-325 monoclonal antibody recognized high endothelial venules (HEV) in PP and blood vessels at the base of the villi of the jejunumileum and caecum. Unlike in PP, the endothelium of the venules in the villi was flat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740787
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry and nerve lesion experiments on the methionine-enkephalin immunopositive neurons in the small intestine of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Met-enkephalin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine, small ; Neuron, enteric ; Laser microsurgery ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve elements in the small intestine of the bullfrog. Rana catesbeiana, were studied by immunohistochemistry with anti-methionine enkephalin antisera and by nerve lesion experiments, using laser irradiation. Methionine-enkephalin immunopositive nerve fibers occur in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle layer, submucosa, and mucosa. Immunopositive nerve cell bodies in the myenteric plexus have dendrite-like and a long axon-like processes. In the froglet (3 months after metamorphosis), these axon-like processes lead posteriorly in the nerve strand of the myenteric plexus. Some bifurcate, one branch continuing posteriorly, the other doubling back to lead anteriorly; both form terminal varicose fibers in the circular muscle layer. Nerve lesion experiments, in the adult bullfrog, resulted in accumulations of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity at the oral and hinder edges of the laser-irradiated necrotic area; there were sprouting and nonsprouting immunopositive stumps. It is suggested that bidirectional flow of methionine-enkephalin in the myenteric plexus is mediated via the anterior and posterior branches of the axon-like process. The difference in sprouting behavior of immunopositive nerve fiber stumps, after nerve lesion, is discussed with reference to regional differences of the axon-like process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297546
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Organization of histamine-containing neurons in the brain of the crested newt, Triturus carnifex (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Brain, vertebrate ; Catecholamines ; Triturus carnifex (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity for histamine was studied in the brain of the urodele Triturus carnifex using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Histamine-immunoreactive cell bodies were localized in the caudal hypothalamus within the dorsolateral walls of the infundibular recesses. These immunoreactive cell bodies were pear-shaped, bipolar and frequently of the cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting type. Histaminergic nerve fibers were detected in almost all parts of the brain. Dense innervation was seen in the telencephalic medial pallium and ventral striatum, the neuropil of the preoptic area, the septum, the paraventricular organ, the posterior commissure, the caudal hypothalamus, the ventral and lateral mesencephalic tegmentum. Medium density innervation was observed in the lateral mesencephalic tegmentum and optic tectum. Poor innervation was present in the telencephalic dorsal pallium and in the central gray of the medulla oblongata. Few fibers occurred in the olfactory bulbs and in the telencephalic lateral pallium. Double immunofluorescence staining, using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase, showed that histamine-immunostained somata and those containing tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were co-distributed in the tuberal hypothalamus. No co-occurrence of histamine-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunostaining was seen in the same neuron. The pattern of histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the newt was similar to that described in other vertebrates. Our observations, carried out on the apparently simplified brain of the newt confirm that the basic histaminergic system is well conserved throughout vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323580
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  • 14
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    The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine in pelvic nerves supplying the posterior large intestine of the toad, Bufo marinus (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Pelvic nerves ; Neuropeptides ; Large intestine ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the posterior portion of the large intestine of the toad was studied using single- and dual-label immunohistochemistry. Neurons containing colocalized galanin/somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal peptide alone were observed along intramural pelvic nerves. Some of the galanin/somatostatin neurons also contained 5-hydroxytryptamine. Synaptic boutons containing colocalized calcitonin gene-related peptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide were associated with the galanin/somatostatin neurons. The muscle of the large intestine was also innervated by axons containing galamin/somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide/calcitonin gene-related peptide or vasoactive intestinal peptide alone. Nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P, probably representing primary afferent nerves, were also associated with muscle bundles. Submucosal blood vessels carried dense plexuses of fibres containing vasoactive intestinal peptide alone or and calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P. Adrenergic perivascular nerves also contained galanin and neuropeptide Y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327991
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Basic fibroblast growth factor in rat salivary glands (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Salivary glands ; Cell growth assay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the occurrence and localization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rat salivary glands using a specific monoclonal antibody. It was shown that the extract of rat salivary glands has a pronounced stimulatory activity on the growth of bovine capillary endothelial cells, which is blocked by the addition of an antibody against bFGF. The concentration of bFGF in the submandibular/sublingual gland, as determined by radioimmunoassay, was ∼80% that in the brain. Immunocytochemistry revealed bFGF-immunoreactivity localized primarily in the epithelial cells lining the striated ducts and excretory ducts of the parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. In addition, intense bFGF-immunoreactivity was observed in the granular convoluted tubule of the submandibular gland, localized predominantly in the agranular pillar cells, which lay in small numbers among the majority of weakly immunostained cells containing many apical secretory granules. At the electron-microscopic level, the immunoreactive material was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasmic matrix and nuclei of all immunoreactive cells, whereas it was absent from all cytoplasmic organelles including the secretory granules. These results indicate that bFGF is localized in different cellular and subcellular compartments from those of other growth factors in the duct system of rat salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333701
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Co-localization of peptides in the Brockmann bodies of the cod (Gadus morhua) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 547-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide Y ; Peptide YY ; FMRFamide ; LPLRFamide ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei) ; Gadus morhua (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity to FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like, neuropeptide Y(NPY)-like and peptide YY(PYY)-like peptides were found in the periphery of the Brockmann bodies of the cod, Gadus morhua, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No immunoreactivity or very weak labelling was found with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibres, whereas labelling with VIP antiserum in endocrine cells disappeared after preincubation with nonimmune serum. There were always more immunoreactive cells in the rainbow trout than in the cod. No immunoreactivity could be seen with antisera to gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) or enkephalin. Double-labelling studies were performed to study the colocalization of the peptides in peripheral endocrine cells. Cells immunoreactive to NPY were also labelled with antisera to FMRFamide, LPLRFamide and PYY. The co-localization pattern of NPY varied; in some Brockmann bodies, a population of the immunoreactive cells showed co-localization and others contained NPY-like immunoreactivity only, whereas in other Brockmann bodies, all NPY-labelled cells also contained FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like and PYY-like immunoreactivity. Cells immunoreactive to PYY similarly contained FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like and NPY-like immunoreactivity, comparable to the patterns observed with NPY. Glucagon-like immunoreactivity was found at the periphery of the Brockmann bodies. A subpopulation of the glucagon-containing cells contained NPY-like immunoreactivity. PYY-like immunoreactivity was also found co-localized with glucagon-like immunoreactivity, as were FMRFamide-like and LPLRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Therefore, either NPY-like and PYY-like immunoreactivity together with FMRFamide-like and LPLRFamide-like immunoreactivity occur in the same endocrine cells of the Brockmann body of the cod and rainbow trout, or a hybrid NPY/PYY-like peptide recognized by both NPY and PYY antisera is present in the Brockmann body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333708
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  • 17
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    Distribution of neuropeptides in the porcine stellate ganglion (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Stellate ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization and distribution of neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and somatostatin (SOM) were analyzed in the stellate ganglion of the pig by use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. NPY, MEAGL, SOM, VIP and CGRP immunoreactivities were found to exist in subpopulations of neuronal cell bodies of the stellate ganglion. A population of the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells showed MEAGL immunoreactivity. In addition, the presence of NPY-, MEAGL-, CGRP-, SP-, SOM- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and axonal varicosities were observed in the stellate ganglion. The localization and pattern of distribution of these peptides in the porcine stellate ganglion were compared with studies carried out on stellate ganglia of other mammalian species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327999
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    Mitotic activity of prolactin cells in the pituitary glands of male and female rats of different ages (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Mitosis ; Sex difference ; Aging ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior pituitary of colchicine-pretreated male and female rats from 20 days to 12 months of age was stained immunohistochemically with anti-rat prolactin serum. Immunoreactive mitotic cells were identified in all groups of rats. In adult female rats the mitotic index of prolactin cells was higher at oestrus than at other stages of the oestrus cycle and than that in male rats of comparable ages. If adult female rats were ovariectomized on the second day of dioestrus or on the day of proestrus, the mitotic indices at presumptive oestrus were less than those in sham-operated controls at oestrus. Estrogen administration to ovariectomized rats significantly elevated the mitotic index of prolactin cells at 48 h after the treatment. The mitotic indices of prolactin cells in female rats reached a peak at 60 days of age, and then decreased with age. In male rats the mitotic indices showed a steady decrease from the value at 20 days of age. A sex difference in the mitotic indices of prolactin cells was noted from 60 days to 12 months of age. The present results clearly demonstrate that differentiated prolactin cells can undergo mitosis and that a sex difference in the mitotic activity of prolactin cells is present during adult life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226945
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey, Macaca fuscata (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Serotonin ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distributional pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was analyzed with the use of the peroxidaseantiperoxidase method in conjunction with a highly sensitive and specific anti-serotonin serum. The highest concentrations of serotonin-immunoreactive varicose fibers were found in the nucleus praeopticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, and the complex of mammillary nuclei (nucleus praemamillaris, supramamillaris, mamillaris medialis et lateralis). However, the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, where numerous serotoninergic fibers have been reported to occur in the rat, appeared to be almost devoid of these fibers. The infundibular stalk, and the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary contained considerable numbers of immunoreactive fibers. The present study provides a morphological basis for possible clarification of the influence of serotoninergic projections on various neuroendocrine mechanisms in primates. Furthermore, an attempt was made to clarify the differences and similarities concerning the distributional patterns of serotoninergic nerve fibers within the monkey hypothalamus in contrast to the rat hypothalamus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217216
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    Sustentacular cells in the fetal human adrenal medulla are immunoreactive with antibodies to brain S-100 protein (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 733-735 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Adrenal medulla ; Sustentacular cells ; Human fetus ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal glands of human fetuses were investigated by means of an immunohistochemical method with the use of an anti-S-100 serum. S-100-immunoreactivity was recognized in sustentacular cells located among the chromaffin cells. A characteristic circular arrangement of the immunostained cells was found in the central region of the adrenal glands. It surrounded aggregations of non-argyrophilic, small, round cells, which were identified as the remaining sympathoblasts (primitive sympathetic cells).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217246
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    Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in paraganglia of aged Fischer-344 rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 217-220 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglia ; Aging ; Catecholamines ; Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were examined by immunohistochemistry in hypertrophied paraganglia of aged male Fischer-344 rats. All paraganglionic cells reacted with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Dopamine β-hydroxylase was identified in most paraganglionic cells, indicating that they synthesized norepinephrine. A variable number of paraganglia were positive for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which suggested that they synthesized epinephrine. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method demonstrated greenish-yellow fluorescence or yellowish-brown fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence was in the same range as in adrenal medullary cells. The observations indicate that paraganglia are capable of synthesizing epinephrine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291
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    Immunohistochemical studies on peptide- and amine-containing endocrine cells and nerves in the gut and the rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neuropeptides ; Endocrine cells ; Autonomic innervation ; Gut ; Rectal gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells and nerves were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the gut and rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala). The epithelium of the gut mucosa revealed open-type endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity for serotonin (5HT), gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/FMRFamide, somatostatin, glucagon, substance P or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). The rectum contained a large number of closed-type endocrine cells in the basal layer of its stratified epithelium; the majority contained 5HT- and GRP-like immunoreactivity in the same cytoplasm, whereas others were immunoreactive for substance P. The rectal gland revealed closed-type endocrine cells located in the collecting duct epithelium. Most of these contained substance P-like immunoreactivity, although some reacted either to antibody against somatostatin or against 5HT. Four types of nerves were identified in the gut and the rectal gland. The nerve cells and fibers that were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and GRP formed dense plexuses in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscular layer of the gut and rectal gland. A sparse network of gastrin- and 5HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the mucosa and the muscular layer of the gut. The present study demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of the closed-type endocrine cells in the mucosa of the rectum and rectal gland of the ratfish. These abundant cells presumably secrete 5HT and/or peptides in response to mechanical stimuli in the gut and the rectal gland. The peptide-containing nerves may be involved in the regulation of secretion by the rectal gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297505
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    Radial astrocytes and ependymocytes in the spinal cord of the adult toad (Bufo bufo L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Astroglial cells ; Ependymocytes ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bufo bufo L. (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques have been used to demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immuno-positive cells in the adult toad spinal cord. Two types of GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed: ependymocytes and radial astrocytes. GFAP-positive ependymocytes were scarce and contained the immunoreactive product in their processes. They showed intermediate filaments in the basal pole and in their processes when studied with the electron microscope. These immuno-positive ependymocytes represent the tanycytic form of ependymal cells because their processes ended at the subpial zone. The radial astrocytes showed a more intensive immunoreactive product in somata and processes when they were located far away from the ependymal layer. Cell bodies and processes were also associated with blood vessels, but most of the processes ended at the subpial zone forming a continuous subpial glia limitans. The GFAP-positive processes, which form this subpial glia limitans in the toad spinal cord, belong to both tanycytic ependymocytes and radial astrocytes, whose somata are located in the grey matter. These findings lead us to suggest that both types of GFAP-immunopositive cells might be the functional equivalents of mammalian astrocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318633
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    Protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres and cells in human skin (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 25-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: PGP 9.5 (human protein gene product 9.5) ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve fibres ; Dendritic cells ; Merkel cells ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sections of human skin were processed according to the indirect immunofluorescence technique with a rabbit antiserum against human protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Immunoreactivity was detected in intraepidermal and dermal nerve fibres and cells. The intraepidermal nerves were varicose or smooth with different diameters, running as single processes or branched, straight or bent, projecting in various directions and terminating in the stratum basale, spinosum or granulosum. The density of the intraepidermal nerves varied between the different skin areas investigated. PGP 9.5-containing axons of the lower dermis were found in large bundles. They separated into smaller axon bundles within the upper dermis, entering this portion of the skin perpendicular to the surface. Then they branched into fibres mainly arranged parallel to the epidermal-dermal junctional zone. However, the fibres en route to the epidermis traversed the upper dermis more or less perpendicularly. Furthermore, immunoreactive dermal nerve fibres were found in the Meissner corpuscles, the arrector pili muscles, hair follicles, around the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and around certain blood vessels. Such fibres were also observed around most subcutaneous blood vessels, sometimes heavily innervating these structures. Numerous weakly-to-strongly PGP 9.5-immunoreactive cells were found both in the epidermis and in the dermis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329435
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    Actin filaments: the main components of the scolopale in insect sensilla (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 85-96 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensilla ; Scolopidia ; Thermoreceptors ; Hygroreceptors ; Actin filaments ; Cryofixation ; Highpressure freezing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antheraea pernyi, Periplaneta americana, Schedorhinotermes lamanianus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of insect sensilla, mechanosensitive scolopidia and thermo-/hygrosensitive poreless sensilla contain a scolopale, which consists of numerous microtubules embedded in bundles of filaments (7–10 nm in diameter). The bundles are readily seen in the electron microscope in cryofixed (high-pressure freezing and rapid injection) and substituted samples. The filaments can be identified as actin filaments by using fluorescent phalloidins. Both electron microscopy and Triton-extraction exeriments reveal mechanical linkage between the main components in both types of sensilla. Since myosin appears to be absent in the scolopale, the actin filaments are unlikely to be involved in any contraction mechanism; these filaments more probably provide mechanical stability. The functional properties of the scolopale are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329441
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    Chicken atrial natriuretic peptide (chANP) and its secretion (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ; Chicken natriuretic peptide (chANP) ; Atrial-specific granule ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl (Aves, Phasianiformes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study using antiserum raised against synthetic chicken natriuretic polypeptide was used to investigate the distribution of this peptide in the chicken heart. Immunoreactive cells, both in the atrial and ventricular walls, were identified by electron microscopy, and electron-dense granules in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes were revealed to be storage sites of the peptide. The electron-dense material, thought to be the peptide, was found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it is suggested that a secretory pathway of the peptide through the latter to extracellular space, may be present, in addition to an exocytotic one.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318451
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    Immunohistochemistry of opioid peptides in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Opioid peptides ; Serotonin ; Enterochromaffin cells ; Endocrine pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous immunochemical investigations have demonstrated various opioid peptides in the pancreas. However, controversies exist related to the cellular localization of these peptides in the endocrine pancreas. Therefore, the guinea pig endocrine pancreas was immunohistochemically investigated for the presence of opioid peptides derived from pro-dynorphin, pro-enkephalin or pro-opiomelanocortin. Immunoreactivities were demonstrated on serial semithin sections by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. In routinely immunostained sections, immunoreactivities for dynorphin A and α-neo-endorphin were localized in pancreatic enterochromaffin cells, but not in islet cells. Immunoreactivity for Met-enkephalin was confined exclusively to B-cells and was localized only in some secretory granules. However, pre-treatment of semi-thin sections with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B led to a marked increase of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in B-cells. In addition, immunoreactivities for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and bovine adrenal medulla dodecapeptide could be demonstrated in B-and A-cells, and β-endorphin immunoreactivity was localized in A-cells. In no case, however, were immunoreactivities detected for bovine adrenal medulla docosapeptide, peptide F, corticotropin, melanotropin or dynorphin 1–32. The immunohistochemical findings indicate that opioids of different peptide families are present in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas. Since several opioid peptides of the corresponding pro-hormones could be demonstrated in the reference organs but not in the pancreas, it is concluded that the biosynthetic pathways of the respective precursors are different from those in the adrenal medulla or in the pituitary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318454
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    Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of the rat during the postnatal period (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 333-338 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell proliferation ; Anterior pituitary ; Postnatal development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of 2-, 8-, 15- and 30-day-old rats was examined by injection of bromodeoxyuridine 1 h before autopsy. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA was detected immunohistochemically by use of a monoclonal antibody. The highest rate of cell proliferation was found in 2-day-old animals; it decreased thereafter during the postnatal period. Possible toxic effects of colchicine on cellular proliferation were examined. Colchicine treatment (10 mg/kg in 8- and 30-day-old animals) significantly decreased the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labelled cells/mm2 in 8-day-old rats. Some sections were doubly immunostained for bromodeoxyuridine and various pituitary hormones. The proportion of doubly-immunostained cells to all proliferating cells was generally low, ranging from 23% at 2 days to 32% at 30 days of age.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318674
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    Immunohistochemical identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in nerves of the bovine parathyroid gland (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroid glands ; Neuropeptide colocalization ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although peptide neurotransmitters have been shown to modulate hormone secretion in many glands, there are very few studies of neurotransmitters in the parathyroid gland. Bovine parathyroid glands were collected at a local abattoir, fixed with paraformaldehyde, sectioned using a cryostat, and stained by indirect immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. We were able to positively identify both neuropeptides. Nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were identified in contact with the tunica media of arteries and arterioles and dispersed throughout the stroma of the gland. While many of the fibres encircled parenchymal lobules, no intimate contact with the peripheral chief cells was observed. All immunoreactive fibres were found to contain both neuropeptides. Since calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P are vasodilators, they may increase blood flow within the gland. In addition, the neuropeptides may diffuse from perilobular nerve fibres into the parenchyma, thereby modulating secretion of parathyroid hormone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318675
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    Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 43-49 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lectin ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of adult rat was achieved using a monospecific antibody raised against lectin purified from rat lung. The antibody-stained cells were formed into small aggregates, thin fascicles, or thick bundles in the walls of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tracts and urogenital organs. From the patterns of distribution, as well as their organization, these immunoreactive cells were regarded as smooth muscle cells. This was confirmed by a double immunofluorescence study using a mixture of anti 14 kDa lectin and anti α-smooth muscle-specific actin antibodies. Strong 14 kDa lectin immunoreactivity was seen in the pericellular matrix of smooth muscle cells in intact organs as well as in detergent-treated organs from which all cellular components were extracted. From these findings, it is suggested that the 14 kDa lectin may be externalized by smooth muscle cells into their pericellular matrix and participate in the crosslinking of the complementary glycoconjugate(s) localized at that site. The macromolecular complex of glycoconjugates thus formed around smooth muscle cells may play a role in anchoring smooth muscle cells to the pericellular connective tissue thereby permitting the force of muscle contraction to be efficiently transmitted to the surrounding connective tissue proper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571428
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    Type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Type-VI collagen ; Type-IV collagen ; Laminin ; Fibronectin ; Long-spacing collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Uvea ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body was investigated by means of immunohistochemical techniques and compared with that of type-IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin. As has been described for other tissues, type-VI collagen surrounds type-I and-III collagen fibers. The aggregated from of type-IV collagen (the “long-spacing” or “curly” collagen), which has already been described in the trabecular meshwork and sclera, was also observed at the ciliary muscle tips surrounding the anterior elastic tendons of this muscle. In addition, staining for type-VI collagen was seen directly adjacent to the basement membranes of the ciliary muscle cells, the iris muscles, the uveal vascular endothelia and nerves, but not adjacent to the epithelial basement membranes. The staining did not form a discrete line like the immunoreaction for type-IV collagen, but bundles of marked fibrils extended into the surrounding connective tissue. We assume that type-VI collagen similar to type-VII collagen forms part of an anchoring system for these tissues. As type-VII collagen has been described only in connection with epithelial basement membranes, both type-VI and type-VII collagens may represent anchoring fibrils, however for different tissue components.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318453
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    Lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ; Nasal cavity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations and the stroma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the nasal cavity of the rat were examined by application of immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical methods to cryostat sections. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue was composed of a loose reticular network with lymphocytes and macrophages, covered by epithelium. The epithelium was infiltrated with B cells, T helper (W3/13-positive) and T suppressor/cytotoxic or large granular cells (OX8-positive), ED1-positive macrophages and Ia-positive cells. The B cell areas were populated by B cells, immunopositive for surface IgM or IgG. B cells with surface IgA or IgE were rare. Germinal centres were found infrequently. T helper cells were scattered throughout the B cell area. A few ED1-positive macrophages and ED5-positive follicular dendritic cells were observed. Strong Ia staining (mostly of B cells) was found in this area. The T cell areas contained T helper and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in about equal amounts, and numerous ED1-positive macrophages. ED1 staining was also found in the subepithelial area. Numerous ED1-, ED2- and ED3-positive macrophages were found in the border between the lymphoid mass and the surrounding connective tissue. A few non-lymphoid cells showed weak acid phosphatase or non-specific esterase activity. The morphological observations suggest that nasal-associated lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the first contact with inhaled antigens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318460
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    Neuropeptides in the intestine of two teleost species (Oreochromis mossambicus, Carassius auratus): Localization and electrophysiological effects on the epithelium (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 123-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Neuropeptide Y ; Enkephalin ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Galanin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system ; Oreochromis mossambicus, Carassius auratus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of bioactive peptides in the gut and their possible electrophysiological effects on the intestinal epithelium were studied in two teleost species, the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were found beneath the intestinal epithelium of both species. Galanin-, metenkephalin-and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were found exclusively in the mucosa of the tilapia. Both species had vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, enkephalin- or neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive endocrine cells; calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive endocrine cells were additionally found in the tilapia. Somatostatin- and dopamine-β-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities were not observed. Nerve cell bodies in the myenteric plexus of both species showed immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, and galanin-like peptide. Enkephalin-like immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were present in the tilapia only. None of the peptides had a pronounced electrogenic effect. However, calcitonin gene-related peptide added to stripped intestinal epithelium of the tilapia, reduced the ion selectivity, and addition of galanin increased the ion selectivity. In goldfish intestine, both galanin and calcitonin gene-related peptide were without effect. Enkephalin counteracted the serotonin-induced reduction of the ion selectivity of the goldfish intestinal epithelium, but had no effect on the tilapia epithelium. In both species, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide reduced the ion selectivity of the intestinal epithelium, and neuropeptide Y induced an increase of the ion selectivity. Somatostatin showed no effect on the epithelial ion selectivity of either species. Tetrodotoxin did not inhibit the effects of the peptides studied. The changes in ion selectivity suggest that the enterocytes may be under the regulatory control of these peptides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297550
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    Immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptide Y-like substance in the brain and hypophysis of the brown hagfish, Paramyxine atami (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Brain, vertebrate ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary gland, pars nervosa ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paramyxine atami (Cyclostomato)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain and hypophysis of the brown hagfish, Paramyxine atami, was examined by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Immunoreactive cells were found in two areas of the brain, the nucleus hypothalamicus of the diencephalon and the ventrolateral area of the caudal tegmentum, at the level of the nucleus motorius V–VII. The labeled cells of the nucleus hypothalamicus were loosely grouped and recognized as bipolar neurons. Immunolabeled fibers were widely distributed in the brain, showing the highest density in the diencephalon. They were sparse, or absent, in the olfactory bulb, habenula, primordium hippocampi, neurohypophysis, corpus interpedunculare, and dorsolateral area of the medulla oblongata. The fibers appeared to project exclusively from the ventral hypothalamus to various other portions of the brain: the anterolateral areas of the telencephalon via the basal hypothalamus, the pars dorsalis thalami, the dorsocaudal region of the mesencephalon, and the ventromedial portions of the tegmentum and anterior medulla oblongata. These findings suggest that, in the brown hagfish, NPY-like substance is involved in neuroregulation of various cerebral areas, but it may be of little significance in the control of pituitary function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318615
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    Development of the caudal neurosecretory system of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, as revealed by immunohistochemistry for urotensins I and II (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Urophysis ; Urotensins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development, ontogenetic ; Oncorhynchus keta (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to make an immunohistochemical analysis of the development of the caudal neurosecretory system of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, we employed the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique using antisera specific for urotensins (U) I and II on artificially reared embryos, larvae, and juveniles of this species. Immunoreactivities for UI and UII were first demonstrated in the embryo immediately before hatching, showing labeled perikarya and fibers in the most caudal region of the spinal cord where the presumptive caudal neurosecretory system is located. However, distinct differentiation of the histological neurohemal organ had not yet begun in the embryo. Immunoreactive perikarya and fibers gradually increased in number, and an elaborate urophysis comparable to that of adults was demonstrated in the larvae about 5 months after hatching. At this stage, weak immunoreactivity against UI was detected in the neurohypophysis.
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    Reticulum cells in the ontogeny of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 577-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue ; Reticulam cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar, Brown-Norway)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study concerns the ontogeny of reticulum cells (RC) in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of Wistar and Brown-Norway rats. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against RC in peripheral lymphoid organs (antibodies ED10≈ED15) was used, together with a recently developed antibody ED17, which recognizes macrophages and Langerhans cells. Early in embryogenesis, staining with common connective tissue markers, ED14 and ED15, was found. ED17-positive cells were present before cells positive to ED1, a pan-macrophage marker, or Ia glycoproteins were observed. The first differentiation of reticulum was seen at the day of birth, when ED10 recognized a distinct area in the nasal mucosa. The first T-lymphocytes were found at the same time. Two days after birth, B-cells and ED11-positive cells were present in the NALT area. Fourteen days after birth, T- and B-cell compartments were recognizable. ED10 was found predominantly in the T-cell area and ED11 was mainly confined to the B-cell compartment. We conclude that the development of the NALT is closely accompanied by the phenotypic specialization of the reticulum. This suggests that the reticulum plays an important role in the compartmentalization of NALT tissue and in the retention of lymphocyte subsets within these compartments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333711
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    Mouse adrenal chromaffin cells can transform to neuron-like cholinergic phenotypes after being grafted into the brain (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 199-205 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Grafts ; Cholinergic immunophenotype ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of neuron-like cholinergic immunophenotypes by adrenal chromaffin cells was studied in 10-week-old mouse adrenal medullary grafts. Fragments of chromaffin tissue were implanted into mouse hippocampus, and antibodies specific for neurofilaments (NF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were applied to the grafts. Adrenal medulla grafts survived well and most of the transplanted cells were either round or polygonal. A minority of chromaffin cells elaborated an intermediate or sympathetic neuron phenotype. Chromaffin cells showed pronounced immunoreactivity for NSE in their perikarya and axon-like processes: immunoreactivity for NF was only found in a few processes. In adjacent immunohistochemically stained sections, the transplanted cells stained for ChAT and AChE. At the electron-microscope level, the immunohistochemical reactions for the two acetylcholine-related enzymes were mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum and in cell processes. Immunoreactivity for PNMT was found to decline in transplanted chromaffin cells below that of normal adrenal medulla. These observations suggest that, in adrenal medullary grafts implanted into the hippocampus, chromaffin cells are endowed with neuron-like cholinergic immunophenotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328001
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for the heterogeneity of maternal and fetal vascular endothelial cells in human full-term placenta (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 211-218 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Umbilical cord ; Placenta ; Basal plate ; Endothelial cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lectins ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The heterogeneity of endothelial cell surface antigen expression was studied in 5 human full-term placentae by means of indirect immunohistochemistry using 9 monoclonal antibodies and by staining with fluorescent-conjugated Ulex europaeus lectin, both of which are widely used endothelial cell markers. (1) A highly specific, homogeneous staining of fetal and maternal placental vessels of all sizes and anatomical regions was observed by the monoclonal antibodies PAL-E, QBEND10 and 1F10. These antibodies were even more specific than Ulex europaeus lectin, factor VIII antibody and von Willebrand factor antibody, which cross-reacted with some non-endothelial cells and structures. The reactivity of PAL-E, QBEND10 and 1F10 with residual surface cells of the basal plate strongly suggests an endothelial origin of these cells. (2) In contrast to other organs, PAL-E, QBEND10 and HM 15/3 strongly stained endothelial cells of the macrovascular system in the human placenta. This might indicate an organ-associated heterogeneity of fetal endothelial cells. (3) Monoclonal antibodies against receptors for transferrin and IgG (FcγRII) labeled the endothelial cells of fetal placental vessels with increasing intensity distal to the insertion of the umbilical cord. The vessels of the umbilical cord itself were unreactive. This might suggest a heterogeneity of macro- and microvascular endothelial cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318740
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    Histamine is a major mechanosensory neurotransmitter candidate in Drosophila melanogaster (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect neryous system ; Histamine ; Neurotransmitter ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mechanosensory receptors ; Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine is known to be the neurotransmitter of insect photoreceptors. Histamine-like immunoreactivity is also found in a number of interneurons in the central nervous system of various insects. Here, we demonstrate by immunohistochemical techniques that, in Drosophila melanogaster (Acalypterae), most or all mechanosensory neurons of imaginal hair sensilla selectively bind antibodies directed against histamine. The histamine-like staining includes the cell bodies of these neurons as well as their axons, which form prominent fibre bundles in peripheral nerves, and their terminal projections in the central neuropil of head and thoracic ganglia. The specificity of the immunostaining is demonstrated by investigating a Drosophila mutant unable to synthesize histamine. Other mechanosensory organs, such as campaniform sensilla or scolopidial organs, do not stain. In the calypteran flies, Musca and Calliphora, we find no comparable immunoreactivity associated with either hair sensilla or the nerves entering the central nervous system, observations in agreement with earlier studies on Calliphora. Thus, histamine seems to be a major mechanosensory transmitter candidate of the adult nervous system of Drosophila, but apparently not of Musca or Calliphora.
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    The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mink (Mustela vison): apparent absence of vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 239-247 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Neurophysin ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Circadian Rhythms ; Mink Mustela vison (Carnivora) ; Rat (Wistar) ; Golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus ; Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus Rodentia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is centrally involved in generation of several circadian rhythms. Neurons of the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus express a number of neuropeptides including vasopressin. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mink (Mustela vison) is easily distinguished from neighbouring hypothalamic areas and the underlying optic chiasm as a small nucleus containing densely packed parvocellular neurons. A dorsal and ventral subdivision were clearly recognized within the midportion and caudal part of the nuclcus. Using immunohistochemistry, we have identified vasopressin-, neurophysin-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive neuronal elements in the hypothalamus of the mink. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive neurons can be observed in the ventral aspect of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but to our surprise, no vasopressin immunoreactive perikarya are found within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, this absence being independent of the experienced annual cycle. The hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei contain large numbers of vasopressin-, neurophysin-and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive magnocellular neurons with extensive projections towards the infundibulum and neurohypophysis. A comparative analysis of the distribution of vasopressin-immunoreactive elements in a number of conventional laboratory animals has demonstrated that, in contrast to the rat, golden hamster and Mongolian gerbil, neither vasopressin-containing perikarya in the suprachiasmatic nucleus nor fine calibered immunoreactive fibres entering the adjacent subparaventricular zone are present in the mink. The mink is a photodependent seasonal breeder, and thus vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nuclei may not be essential for the photoperiodic regulation of reproduction and seasonal events experienced by this species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312825
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    Monoclonal antibodies against spermatozoa of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 99-105 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Spermatozoa ; Surface antigens ; Reproductive organs ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane determinants on spermatozoa of the carp Cyprinus carpio L. have been produced. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that these determinants are uniformly distributed on the surface of head and midpiece. Most of them are also present on the outer membrane of precursor sperm cells. Although none of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with carp somatic tissue, five monoclonal antibodies were positive for surface membrane determinants of oogonia and early prophase oocytes in carp ovary. Preliminary analysis of the testis and ovary of three other species of fish showed that some carp determinants are shared with germ cells from Barbus conchonius, Clarias lazera, or Salmo gairdneri.
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    Purification and immunohistology of a glycoprotein secreted from the rabbit uterus before implantation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 155-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Uterine proteins ; β-Glycoprotein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two antigens of the β-glycoprotein fraction from rabbit uterine secretion of the seventh day post coitum were purified firstly by gel filtration on Sephadex G 150, then either by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephacel or chromatofocusing on PBE 94. By the use of a specific antiserum, raised in female sheep, two antigens with α 2- and β 2-mobility in agar gel electrophoresis could be demonstrated. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterine epithelium at the seventh and eighth day post coitum showed the antigens to be localized in a ciliated cell type of conspicuous shape, which is supposed to be the site of synthesis. Stain accumulated mainly in the apical part of the cell, but there were also small deposits around the nucleus.
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    Immunohistochemical colocalization of glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in islet A cells of chicken pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 67-72 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: A cells ; Glucagon ; Serotonin ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identity of monoamine-emitted, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in some pancreatic islet cells was studied in pancreatic tissue of male chickens by fluorescence and immunohistochemistry either on the same tissue section or on serial tissue sections. Pancreatic islet cells emitting intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence also react immunohistochemically with antisera directed against glucagon, serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. These results show that chicken pancreatic islet A cells contain glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of serotonin. The islet B cells identified with anti-insulin immunoreactivity, which displayed a very weak formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, did not react with anti-serotonin serum.
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    Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the forebrain of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 77-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical neuroanatomy ; Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was studied in the forebrain (tel-and diencephalon) of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry on Vibratome sections using antibodies against GABA. Positive perikarya were detected in the olfactory bulbs and in all divisions of the telencephalon, the highest density being found along the midline. In the diencephalon, GABA-containing cell bodies were found in the hypothalamus, in particular in the preoptic and tuberal regions. The inferior lobes, the nucleus recessus lateralis, and more laterodorsal regions, such as the nucleus glomerulosus and surrounding structures, also exhibited numerous GABA-positive perikarya. Cell bodies were also noted in the thalamus, in particular in the dorsomedial, dorsolateral and ventromedial nuclei. The relative density of immunoreactive fibers was evaluated for each brain nucleus and classified into five categories. This ubiquitous distribution indicates that, as in higher vertebrates, GABA most probably represents one of the major neurotransmitters in the brain of teleosts.
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    Cellular localization of intrinsic factor in pancreas and stomach of the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 117-122 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intrinsic factor ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic intrinsic factor ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cobalamin (vitamin B12)-binding protein has recently been identified in canine pancreatic juice which is biochemically, immunochemically and functionally similar to canine gastric intrinsic factor. However, the cellular sources of both this pancreatic intrinsic factor and gastric intrinsic factor in the dog are not known. Antisera raised against canine gastric intrinsic factor have been used to examine the distribution of intrinsic factors in the canine pancreas and stomach. Immunoreactivity was demonstrated in duct cells but not acinar or endocrine cells in the pancreas, and in fundic peptic and pyloric gastric pit cells in stomach. All immunostaining was abolished by preabsorption of the antisera with purified canine gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factors. A cellular source of pancreatic intrinsic factor has not been previously described, and the demonstration of intrinsic factor-like immunoreactivity in two cell types in the canine stomach contrasts with its localization in a single cell type in the gastric mucosa of other mammalian species. Furthermore, immunoreactivity in pancreatic duct cells was detected at much higher dilutions of antisera than those required for staining of peptic and gastric pit cells. This suggests a higher concentration of antigen, and supports previous evidence that the pancreas is a major source of intrinsic factor in the dog.
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    The bovine tubouterine junction: general innervation pattern and distribution of adrenergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic nerve fibers (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 493-501 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tubouterine junction ; Innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The innervation of the bovine tubouterine junction was studied in sexually mature heifers using antisera against various neuronal markers and a modified acetylcholinesterase method. The vast majority of the nerve fibres in the bovine tubouterine junction belongs to the sympathetic nervous system; peptidergic and cholinergic fibers are restricted to characteristic locations. The endosalpinx in the adovarian portion of the terminal tubal segment is poorly innervated. The mucosa of the aduterine portion and of the tubouterine transitinal region proper receives a strikingly dense innervation, which is observed mainly in combination with a strong vascularisation of specialised mucosal structures. In the endometrium, perivascular nerves accompany the ascending spiral arteries but sporadic contacts between nerve fibres and uterine glands are also observed. From the muscular coat the inner longitudinal layer of the terminal tubal segment is more richly supplied by nerve fibres than the intermediate circular and outer longitudinal layers of the tubouterine junction. No changes in the innervation pattern were seen during the different stages of the sexual cycle.
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    Histamine immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the spider Cupiennius salei (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 533-545 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neurotransmitters ; Neuromodulators ; Histamine ; Visual system ; Nervous system, central ; Cupiennius salei (Arachnida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, immunohistochemistry on Vibracut sections is used to demonstrate anti-histamine immunoreactivity in the brain of the spider, Cupiennius salei (Keys.) (Ctenidae). We describe a system of histamine-immunoreactive neurons within the central nervous system that consists of six omnisegmental neurons. These histamine-immunoreactive neurons form two subgroups: a dorsal system with two cells per hemisphere and a ventral system with only one cell per hemisphere. The cells have extended arborizations in the motor and sensory areas of all neuromeres in the suboesophageal ganglionic mass. We have also found histamine immunoreactivity in the photoreceptors of C. salei and suggest that histamine is a neurotransmitter of photoreceptors in all arthropods, since it is also known to occur in the photoreceptors of the other main arthropod taxa (Merostomata, Crustacea, and Insecta).
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    Immunohistochemical localization of a gap junction protein (connexin43) in the muscularis externa of murine, canine, and human intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 249-256 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connexin43 ; Gap junction ; Muscularis externa ; Intestine ; Coronary artery ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Dog ; Man ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron-microscopic studies have revealed a heterogeneous distribution of gap junctions in the muscularis externa of mammalian intestines. This heterogeneity is observed at four different levels: among species; between small and large intestines; between longitudinal and circular muscle layers; and between subdivisions of the circular muscle layer. We correlated results obtained with two immunomethods, using an antibody to the known gap-junctional protein (connexin43) with ultrastructural findings, and further evaluated the respective sensitivity of these two approaches. For comparative reasons we also included the vascular smooth muscle of coronary arteries into our study. Two versions of the immunotechnique (peroxidase-antiperoxidase and fluorescence methods) were applied to frozen sections of murine, canine, and human small and large intestines, as well as to pig coronary artery. In the small intestine of all three species a very strong reactivity marked the outer main division of the circular muscle layer, while the longitudinal muscle layer as well as the inner thin division of the circular muscle layer were negative. In murine and human colon both muscle layers were negative, while in canine colon the border layer between the circular muscle and the submucosa reacted strongly, and scattered activity was found in the portion of the circular muscle layer (one tenth of its thickness) closest to the submucosa. The remainder of the circular muscle layer and the entire longitudinal muscle layer were negative in the canine colon. In the coronary artery we could not confirm the positive, specific labeling reported by other investigators (l.c.). In conclusion, we found close correlations at all four above-mentioned levels in the distribution of gap junctions in the gut musculature, as determined by binding of anticonnexin43 in comparison to conventional ultrastructural studies. Since no significant immunostaining was found in (i) the outer border of the circular muscle layer of the canine colon and (ii) the border layer between the submucosa and the circular muscle layer of human colon, where rare gap junctions have been identified at the ultrastructural level, we conclude that the electron-microscopic analysis is the more sensitive of the two methods.
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    The auricular myocardiocytes of the heart constitute an endocrine organ characterization of a porcine cardiac peptide hormone, cardiodilatin-126 (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 425-430 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart, atrium ; Myoendocrine cells ; Cardiodilatin ; Peptide hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peptide hormone was extracted from the porcine right atrium following a bioassay for differential vaso-relaxant effects on smooth muscle strips from aorta and renal and inferior mesenteric arteries. The isolation procedure included several steps of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. During the isolation procedure, other peptides of smaller molecular weight were also found, which, in relation to cardiodilatin-126 (CDD-126), are shorter at their N-terminal. Among these, CDD-88 has also been isolated and characterizied, and has been established as a prominent member of the cardiac hormone family. The N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the 126 amino acid-containing molecule were synthesized and used to raise region-specific antibodies. The natural peptide was then localized within myoendocrine cells of the right atrium where specific atrial granules are located. Renal effects of cardiodilation were studied in conscious dogs and showed strong diuretic and natriuretic activities. According to our functional studies, cardiodilatin-126 and cardiodilatin-88 possess qualities of a significant hormone family regarding the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
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    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the fish heart and blood plasma examined by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Freshwater fish ; Seawater fish ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Radioimmunoassay ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei) ; Narke japonica (Elasmobranchii) ; Eptatretus burgeri (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactivity of atrial natriuretic peptide and ultrastructure of cardiocytes were examined in 5 species each of freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in 2 species each of elasmobranchs and cyclostomes. Immunoreactivity was strong in the atria of Cyprinus carpio, Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster, rather weak in atria of Channa maculata, Lepomis macrochirus, Salmo gairdneri, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Eptatretus burgeri, very weak in atria of Pagrus major, Trachurus japonicus and Triakis scyllia, and not detectable in atria of Hexagrammos otakii, Narke japonica and Lampetra japonica. The immunoreactivity of the atrial cardiocytes was generally stronger in freshwater than seawater fish. Ventricular immunoreactivity was detected only in 7 species, always being weaker than that observed in the atrium. Ultrastructurally, however, secretory granules were found in atria and ventricles of all species examined, being more frequent in the former than the latter. By radioimmunoassay, immunoreactive ANP was detected in the extracts of blood plasma and both atrial and ventricular tissues of all species examined. There were no statistically significant differences in the values between freshwater and seawater species.
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    Immunohistochemical localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 397-401 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Iodopsin ; Photoreceptor cells ; Cones ; Oil droplets, in retinal cones ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl ; Japanese quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies (R1-R4) highly specific for R-photopsin (protein moiety of iodopsin). In paraffin sections of the retina, the outer segments of double cones (principal and accessory cones) and of one particular type of single cones were labeled with the antibodies. In addition, reticular cytoplasmic structures, probably representing the Golgi apparatus in a position close to the vitreous pole of the paraboloid and to the outer limiting membrane were intensely stained in the cone cells bearing an immunoreactive outer segment. In whole-mount preparations, 5 types of cone cells were identified according to the color of oil droplets, i.e., red, yellow, pale-green (principal member of double cones), pale-blue and clear, in addition to a sixth type devoid of an oil droplet (accessory member of double cones). The immunohistochemical analysis of the preparations revealed that R-photopsin (suggesting the presence of iodopsin) is localized in the outer segments of both the principal and accessory members of double cones, and the population of single cones displaying a red oil droplet. Other cones endowed with a yellow, blue or clear oil droplet were not labeled with the antibodies used. Similar results were obtained in the retina of the Japanese quail.
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    Innervation of the mink pineal gland with neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerve fibers (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Central innervation ; NPY ; Immunohistochemistry ; Superior cervical ganglionectomy ; Mink (Mustela vison)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation of the mink pineal gland was performed by use of antibodies raised in rabbits against neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cys-NPY (32–36)-amide recognizing neuropeptide Y with an amidation at position 36 (NPYamide). NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located predominantly in the rostral part of the pineal gland and in the pineal stalk. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found throughout the pineal gland, but the number of fibers in the caudal part of the gland was low. The fibers were present both in the perivascular spaces and between the pinealocytes. Many NPY-immunoreactive fibers were also located in the posterior and habenular commissures; some of these fibers were connected with the fibers in the rostral part of the mink pineal gland, indicating that at least some of the NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers are of central origin. The nerve fibers immunoreactive to amidated NPY were distributed in a similar manner. However, the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPYamide was lower than the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPY itself. After removal of the superior cervical ganglia bilaterally 22 days or 12 months before sacrifice, NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers remained in the gland. This immunohistochemical study of the mink pineal gland therefore shows that the NPY/NPYamide-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland in this spegcies are a component of the central innervation or originnate from extracerebral parasympathetic ganglia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313526
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    The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-like substance in the nervous system of the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Peptidergic neurons ; Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-1-like peptide was investigated in the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor, using an antiserum raised against synthetic endothelin-1. Immunoreactive perikarya were localized in the brain, and nerve fibers containing endothelin-1-like material were found in the neuropil occupying the central portion of the brain. No immunostained fiber elements were traced in the circumesophageal connectives. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the subesophageal ganglion. From this ganglion, specifically stained fibers run posteriorly toward the ventral nerve cord. In each segmental ganglion, immunoreactive neurons were observed in medio-ventral and latero-ventral regions, and one or two marked fibers extended to the parapodium. In the parapodium, small immunoreactive perikarya and fiber elements were visible. Immunolabeled fibers occurred in the stomatogastric nerves, in the wall of the buccal cavity, and in the pharynx, esophagus, intestine and its anal region. Immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers were visualized between the circular muscle layer and epithelial cell layer in the esophagus and intestine. The endothelin-1-like substance shown to occur in N. diversicolor appears to function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313527
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    The occurrence and distribution of certain polypeptides within the human carotid body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Enkephalins ; Substance P ; VIP ; Neurotensin ; Bombesin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both carotid bodies from 26 patients coming to necropsy were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and sections 4 μm thick were stained for various peptides by use of the immunogold technique. The results show that the human carotid body contains met- and leu-enkephalin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and bombesin. The distribution of these six peptides within the carotid body differs. Thus met- and leu-enkephalin are both present predominantly within glomic chief cells but with a marked tendency to favour the dark variant of these cells. Substance P and VIP both show a weak immunoreactivity in comparison to the enkephalins and are present in all three variants of chief cell. Neurotensin shows the weakest immunoreactivity of all and is restricted to a few glomic chief cells in a minority of cases. Bombesin also shows a weak immunoreactivity in glomic chief cells but a strong reaction in glomic arteries and arterioles. In these vessels bombesin appears to be confined to smooth muscle cells in the media but we cannot say whether it is secreted by them or merely bound to receptor sites on their membranes. These findings are related to quantitative data on the concentration of peptides in the human carotid body from a previous paper with which we were associated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313536
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    Ontogenetic development of synovial A cells in fetal and neonatal rat knee joints (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synovial A cell ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Organ culture ; Autoradiography ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic development of the synovial A cells in fetal rat knee joints was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy, cultivation, and autoradiography. At day 17 of gestation, immature macrophages were first seen in the articular interzone, and thereafter they differentiated into macrophages (synovial A cells), which were found in the synovial intima. The degree of reactivity of macrophages with five monoclonal antibodies increased in the developing synovial membranes of fetal rats as shown by immunohistochemistry. Similar findings were obtained in organ cultures of fetal knee joints. A marked difference of proliferative potential was found between A and B cells during ontogeny. A cells after birth did not incorporate 3H-thymidine in contrast to B cells. Before birth, B cells had a labelling index which was at least five times larger than that of A cells. The results of this study indicate that the synovial A cells are derived from both monocytes and fetal macrophages circulating in peripheral blood and that they differ from the synovial B cells in morphology, differentiation, and proliferative potential.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327740
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    Glycosyl receptors in macrophage subpopulations of rat spleen and lymph node (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 35-40 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Lymph node ; Macrophage subpopulations ; Neoglycoproteins ; Glycosyl receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed an immunohistochemical method for the in vivo and in vitro detection of glycosyl receptors in rat spleen and lymph nodes by using neoglycoproteins. The receptor in both organs recognized mannose coupled to bovine serum albumin (mannose-BSA), fuscose-BSA, N-acetylglucosamine-BSA and to a lesser extent glucose-BSA, but not galactose-BSA or N-acetylgalactosamine-BSA. In vitro neoglycoprotein-receptor binding was Ca2+ dependent and could be inhibited by mannan but not by mannose. Simultaneous staining with the monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 or ED3 revealed that only ED1-and ED3-positive macrophages were involved in the binding of neoglycoproteins. In the spleen, the marginal-zone macrophages and a subpopulation of the marginal metallophils possess glycosylbinding receptors. In the lymph nodes, the medullary sinus macrophages and a subpopulation of the outercortex macrophages are able to bind neoglycoproteins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327742
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    Intragranular co-storage of neuropeptide Y and arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Arginine vasopressin ; Co-storage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Certain populations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus became immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) when rats were treated with colchicine or monosodium glutamate (MSG). The co-storage of these peptides was examined by empooying a post-embedding electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry technique using goldlabeled antibodies to the two peptides. In colchicinetreated rats, the neuronal perikarya contained numerous secretory granules showing co-storage of the two peptides. The cells of the MSG-treated rats were characterized by having well-developed Golgi bodies with the granular structures also co-storing the two peptides, although the secretory granules in the perikarya were rather fewer than in the colchicine-treated rats. It is concluded that the destruction of the arcuate nucleus by MSG-treatment may potentiate the synthesis of NPY in AVP neurons, the synthesis of which is latent in intact animals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327744
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    Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diabetes mellitus ; Man ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was made on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas of man and rat, using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide of C-terminal human IAPP (24–37) and a synthetic peptide of rat IAPP (18–37). A large number of IAPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric antrum, and a small number in the body of the stomach in both man and rat. Cytoplasmic processes extended out from the bipolar peripheral region of the immunoreactive cells, rather like neuronal processes, and some appeared to make contact with other immunoreactive cells. In addition, small numbers of immunoreactive cells were also seen in the duodenum and rectum, whereas they were absent from the jejunum, ileum and large intestine. An examination was made for evidence of colocalization of IAPP-immunoreactive material with material immunoreactive for gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon, but none was found. IAPP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the pancreas of non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but they were completely absent from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the presence of IAPP in the plasma. The results of these studies suggest that the peptide may have a biological role in situ in the GI tract and, in addition to the pancreas, may be a possible source of plasma IAPP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305236
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    Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic findings suggest that minoxidil is not localized in specific cells of vibrissa, pelage, or scalp follicles (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Follicle cells ; Hair ; Rat, CDF (C. River, USA) ; Mouse C3H, Crl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry with a minoxidil antibody suggested that minoxidil-immunoreactivity is associated with the root sheaths, laterally orientated differentiating matrix cells, and dividing epithelial cells of cultured vibrissa follicles of pigmented and albino neonatal mice. The dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. To verify that minoxodil-immunoreactivity in the follicles was specific, immunostaining was conducted with dissected whisker pads, formalin-fixed “dead” follicles, and sections of spleen, liver and kidney (non-haired organs) cultured with minoxidil. Microscopic examination revealed minoxidil-immunoreactivity in all of these tissues. Follicles and whisker pads cultured with minoxidil, then washed for one h in media were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. These data suggest that minoxidil-immunoreactivity in cultured vibrissa follicles is probably non-specific. Sections of skin from C3H and CF1 mice which were topically dosed with minoxidil (in vivo) phy demonstrated that tritiated minoxidil was bound in vivo and in vitro only to melanin granules in pigmented follicles of rodent and human tissue. This is probably non-specific binding since melanin is known to accumulate several chemically and pharmacologically unrelated drugs. It is reasonable to conclude that, under the conditions of these experiments, minoxidil is not specifically localized in any cells of whisker, pelage or, scalp follicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305237
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    Irregular distribution of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in the bovine mammary epithelium (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary gland ; Growth inhibitor ; Epithelium ; Cell types ; Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Localization of a mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) in the bovine mammary gland was verified by light-and electron-microscopic methods. Expression of MDGI, which is known to inhibit the growth of mammary epithelial cell lines in vitro, was found to be highest in the late pregnant and in the lactating state. A combination of immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods with semi- and ultrathin resin sections revealed marked variations in MDGI staining. High MDGI levels were predominantly detectable in epithelial cells with large milk fat droplets. Distinct cell types that were almost free of label could be identified among bovine mammary epithelial cells that always exhibited high MDGI levels. Similar results were obtained when using a serum-free organ culture system in which MDGI was hormonally induced in cell types of comparable differentiation state. The specific occurrence of the growth inhibitor in developing alveoli and certain cell types points to the association between MDGI expression and functional differentiation in the normal mammary gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302743
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    Basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat trigeminal sensory system and peri-oral skin with vibrissae (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Trigeminal ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization histochemistry ; Vibrissae ; Hair ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized an antiserum against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by immunoblot, investigated the location of bFGF-like immunoreactivity (bFGF-IR) in the trigeminal sensory system and perioral skin endowed with vibrissae, and demonstrated the site of bFGF mRNA expression in the vibrissae by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that bFGF-IR is present not only in trigeminal ganglion neurons and their central and peripheral processes, but also in cells of the matrix, external root sheath and papillae of vibrissae and the stratum basale of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin. Electron microscopy has revealed intense bFGF-IR mainly in cytoplasmic regions, other than the lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, in trigeminal ganglion neurons, in fibroblast-like cells in the papillae, and in capsules of vibrissae. In contrast, actively proliferating and/or differentiating cells in the matrix of vibrissae have intensely stained euchromatin and weakly labeled cytoplasm that, unlike that of the aforementioned cells, contain immunoreaction products in discrete spots less than 100 nm in diameter, implying the generation of different molecular forms of bFGF in cells of the matrix and papillae. Moreover, the accumulation of bFGF in the euchromatin appears to take place in cells at non-mitotic stages (possibly interphases), characterized by a conspicuous nucleolus and well-developed nuclear envelope. A digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe for the demonstration of bFGF mRNA gives conspicuous hybridization signals mainly in the matrix of vibrissae. These findings suggest that bFGF is involved in the growth and differentiation of matrix cells during certain periods of the cell cycle and that it acts as a non-mitogenic mediator in the adult trigeminal sensory system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318548
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    Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin A and B in endocrine cells of the alimentary tract of the adult lizard Podarcis sicula (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromogranins ; Serotonin ; Histamine ; Regulatory peptides ; Gut ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Podarcis sicula (Lacertilia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution, argyrophilia, and the possible amine/peptide co-localizations in endocrine cells immunoreactive (IR) to antisera against chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) in the alimentary tract of the lizard Podarcis sicula have been investigated using novel monoclonal antibodies. Many CgA-IR and CgB-IR cells were found in the tract, except in the distal small intestine. Almost all chromogranin-IR cells (Cgs-IR) were also argyrophilic with parallel intensity. Some CgA-IR and CgB-IR cells did not display co-localized amines or peptides. CgA or CgB or both were found co-localized, with some local differences, in almost all serotonin-IR, histamine-IR, substance P-IR and gastric peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-IR cells. Moreover, both Cgs were co-localized only in some somatostatin-IR cells, whereas neurotensin-IR, gastrin/cholecystokinin-IR, pancreatic polypeptide-IR and intestinal PYY-IR cells did not show any co-localization with Cgs. The presence of Cgs in the endocrine cells was heterogeneous with regard to the complex interrelationship with their amine/peptide content. Consequently, Cgs cannot be considered as universal “markers” of all endocrine cell types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312836
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    Serotoninergic innervation of the alimentary canal of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata: structural and functional aspects (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 475-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Alimentary canal, insect ; Stomatogastric neryous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bioassay ; Electron microscopy ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical studies showed that the alimentary canal of Leptinotarsa decemlineata receives serotoninergic innervation from different neurons in the central and stomatogastric nervous system. The foregut is innervated by the frontal ganglion. Four of the 6–8 large neurons present in this ganglion have axons which run to the musculature of the oesophagus, crop, sphincter, and frontal area of the midgut. They are accompanied by axons from neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion, and by axons from as yet unidentified non-immunoreactive neurons in thebrain and/or the ventral nerve cord. The posterior part of the midgut is essentially devoid of serotoninergic innervation. The hindgut is innervated by two large neurons in the caudal tip of the last abdominal ganglion. The axons always run to the circular and longitudinal muscles of the crop, the circular muscles of the sphincter, and the longitudinal muscles of the hindgut. Immunohistochemical electron microscopy suggests that exocytosis of the immuno-labelled vesicles may occur at some distance from the muscle fibres, implying a neurohormonal release of this neurochemical. A bioassay used to demonstrate the type of effect of serotonin on isolated hindguts in vitro, indicated a clear inhibitory effect on spontaneous contractions at concentrations of 10-8–10-5 M. This effect was dose-dependent. Axons found in association with the cryptonephridial system on the hindgut might be involved in the control of diuresis although we have not tested this possibility experimentally.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333702
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    An immunohistochemical study of the innervation of the large intestine of the toad (Bufo marinus) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine, large ; Myenteric plexus ; Neurons ; Neuropeptide colocalization ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of intrinsic enteric neurons and extrinsic autonomic and sensory neurons in the large intestine of the toad, Bufo marinus, was examined using immunohistochemistry and glyoxylic acid-induced fluoresecence. Three populations of extrinsic nerves were found: unipolar neurons with morphology and location typical of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons containing immunoreactivity to galanin, somatostatin and 5-hydroxytryptamine were present in longitudinally running nerve trunks in the posterior large intestine and projected to the muscle layers and myenteric plexus throughout the large intestine. Sympathetic adrenergic fibres supplied a dense innervation to the circular muscle layer, myenteric plexus and blood vessels. Axons containing colocalized calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoractivity and substance P immunoreactivity distributed to all layers of the large intestine and are thought to be axons of primary afferent neurons. Five populations of enteric neurons were found. These contained immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal peptide, which distributed to all layers of the large intestine; galanin/vasoactive intestinal peptide, which projected to the submucosa and mucosa; calcitonin gene-related peptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide, which supplied the circular muscle, submucosa and mucosa; galanin, which projected to the submucosa and mucosa; and enkephalin, which supplied the circular muscle layer.
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    Diffuse serotoninergic neurohemal systems associated with cerebral and suboesophageal nerves in the head of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-HT) ; Neurohemal systems ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Targeted release ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the anatomy of two diffuse neurohemal systems for serotonin in the head of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata by means of immunohistochemistry. One system is formed by axons from two bilateral pairs of neurons in the frontal margin of the suboesophageal ganglion that enter the ipsilateral mandibular nerve, emerge from this nerve at some distance from the suboesophageal ganglion, and cover all branches of the mandibular nerve with a dense plexus of immunoreactive axon swellings. The other system is formed by axons from two large neurons in the frontal ganglion that enter the ipsilateral frontal connectives, emerge from these connectives, and form a network of axon swellings on the labroforntal, pharyngeal, and antennal nerves and on the surface of the frontal ganglion. Immunohistochemical electron microscopy demonstrated that the axon swellings are located outside the neural sheaths of the nerves and hence in close contact with the hemolymph. We therefore suggest that these plexuses represent extensive neurohemal systems for serotonin. Most immunoreactive terminals are in direct contact with the hemolymph, and other terminals are closely associated with the muscles of the mandibles, labrum, and anterior pharynx, as well as with the salivary glands, indicating that these organs are under serotoninergic control.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312835
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    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cartilaginous fishes: structure, location, and transport (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 38 (1993), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Elasmobranchs ; Holocephalans ; Neuropeptides ; Brain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Reproduction ; Vertebrates ; Evolution ; Chondrichthyes ; Sharks ; Skates ; Ratfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is thought to play a fundamental role in the reproduction of cartilaginous fishes. The primary structures of the only form of GnRH in ratfish,Hydrolagus colliei, and one of four forms of GnRH in dogfish,Squalus acanthias, have recently been shown to be identical to a form originally isolated from birds (chicken GnRH-II). Phylogenetic studies indicate that this chicken GnRH-II molecule is the most highly conserved GnRH family member in vertebrates; it is present in animals from cartilaginous fishes to marsupials. However, the presence of four immunoreactive forms of GnRH inS. acanthias, but only one form inH. colliei suggests that the two subclasses of these species diverged a long time ago. Immunocytochemical localization of GnRH shows that it is found in the brains of all chondrichthyans examined to date. GnRH cell bodies and fibers were found in specific patterns throughout the brain in our studies of dogfish shark and black skate,Bathyraja kincaidii. The lack of immunoreactive GnRH fibers in the median eminence and the unique arrangement of the pituitary in Chondrichthyes suggest that transport of GnRH from the brain to the pituitary gonadotropes occurs in the systemic circulation. The use of this unconventional route is further supported by markedly higher levels of serum GnRH in ratfish compared with other vertebrates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842916
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    Immunohistochemical characterization of mononuclear cells in delayed hypersensitivity reactions toParacoccidiodes brasiliensis (paracoccidioidin test) (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paracoccidioidomycosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The density and distribution of T cells, T helper cells, macrophages and B cells at the site of skin tests with a cytoplasmicParacoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (paracoccidioidin) was studied at 24 and 48 h post-challenge in 10 patients with the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis and in 5 non-infected individuals. The in situ study was carried out using immunoperoxidase techniques and monoclonal antibodies. The controls showed negative skin test. In the patients, the great majority of the cells in the perivascular foci were T cells (CD43-positive cells) making up 47% and 48.6% of the total number of cells at 24 and 48 h respectively. Most of the T cells showed a T helper phenotype (CD45RO-positive cells). Approximately 25% of the cells were macrophages (CD68-positive cells) and there were very few B lymphocytes (CD20-positive cells). The present data on the microanatomy of paracoccidioidin skin test sites were consistent with a delayed type hypersensitivity pattern. Our results were comparable to those reported on skin tests for other granulomatous chronic diseases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103050
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