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  • Articles  (8,960)
  • Springer  (8,960)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (8,960)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (8,960)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (8,960)
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  • Articles  (8,960)
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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (8,960)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A variety of primary and tertiary amino-telechelic polyisobutylenes have been synthesized quantitatively by various routes from alcohol-telechelic polyisobutylene. Thus the syntheses of α,ω-di(amino)-, α,ω-di-(N,N′-dimethylamino)-, and α,ω-di(N-phthalimido)polyisobutylenes have been achieved from α,ω-di(hydroxy)polyisobutylene with and without chain enlargement. Three different methods were used: an improved Gabriel synthesis, the reaction of ditosylester of α,ω-di(hydroxy)polyisobutylene with the potassium salt of unsubstituted and disubstituted ethanolamine, and the reduction of α,ω-di(cyanoethanol)polyisobutylene with LiAlH4 at room temperature. Analysis and characterization were done by gel permeation chromatography, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275564
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylic acid initiated with poly-γ-mercaptopropylsiloxane (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A water soluble polyacrylic acid has been obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid initiated with silica-supported poly-γ-mercaptopropylsiloxane in the presence of water and carbon tetrachloride. A super absorbent sodium polyacrylate (water absorbing capacity 300 g/g) has been prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid with a small amount of p-divinylbenzene with the same initiator in a mixture of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, carbon tetrachloride, n-hexane and Tween 80.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275560
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical transport in polystyrenesulfonate solutions (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electric conductance and transport numbers of polyions were measured in aqueous polystyrenesulfonate solutions having different counterions, at concentrations from 2×10−3 to ∼ 10−1 basemol dm−3. From experimental data the extent of atmospheric binding of small ions to polyions was derived. The resulting fraction of free counterions was found to agree within ±5% with the coefficient of self diffusion calculated according to the theory of Jackson, Lifson, and Coriell. The molar conductance and the effective charge of the polyion were applied for the calculation of the hydrodynamic friction coefficient related to a monomer unit of the polyion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy of thermoactivated relaxation processes in butadiene-styrene copolymers in the elementary relaxator approach (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The thermoactivated relaxation processes resulting in untrapping of the carriers and in recombination luminescence are described by means of the sum of independent elementary relaxators. In order to describe an elementary relaxator distribution function following characteristics were obtained by the fractional glow technique: i) the mean activation energy, ii) the mean frequency factor, iii) the recombination intensity, iv) activation energy spectrum, v) and frequency factor spectrum for butadiene-styrene copolymer. Using the Boltzmann equation unusually large values of frequency factor and activation energy were obtained, giving evidence that molecular motions γ, α exist in some temperature regions and therefore, that another desciption would be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275566
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase diagram and conductivity of the polymer electrolyte: PEORLiCF3SO3 (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A simple model for the concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of the polymer electrolyte: poly(ethyleneoxide) — LiCF3SO3 is presented. It is assumed that the crystals with stoichiometry: 4 polymer oxygens to 1 lithiumion are insulating and the surrounding conducting solution is saturated in the 4∶1 crystals. Correcting the space available for conduction with a volume correction factor accounts qualitatively for the concentration dependence of the conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275567
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the intensity of fluorescence of poly(n-vinylcarbazole) films (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 52-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence spectra of thin films of poly(N-vinylcarbazole), PVCA, were measured at temperatures between 103 K and 535 K by constant excitation light intensity. Below 300 K, the corrected spectra were divided into bands belonging to different emitting species of PVCA. Temperature changes of the intensity of fluorescence of the two main excitation energy traps in PVCA are discussed using the simplified kinetic model of Johnson. Local anomalies on the curves of intensity of excimer fluorescence versus temperature measured at constant wavelength reflex the γ- and δ- relaxation regions in PVCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275568
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline domains as trapping states in amorphous materials (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The photoconductivity and thermostimulated currents were measured on amorphous and spherulitic layers of oligo(ethyleneoxy) 2,5-di(anilino)terephthalate. The crystalline domains in the amorphous phase form new traps, c. 0,6 eV deep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of hard segments in polyurethane elastomers by high performance liquid chromatography (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reverse phase HPLC methods are elaborated for the characterisation of polyursthane elastomers. The quantitation of urethane groups after aminolysis, as well as the determination of basic hard segments and qualitative hard segments size distribution after hydrolysis in dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) are described. The methods are ilustrated with diphenylmethane-p,p′-bis(4-octanoiloxybutylcarbamate) (U1) as model compound and three different polyurethane formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275572
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of intramolecular complexation in several charge transfer complexes copolymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Another representation of the chemical shift of the acceptor structural units' protons in the NMR spectra is proposed in order to make possible direct comparison between intramolecular complexation in intramolecular charge transfer complexes obtained by copolymerization. The influence of synthesis conditions and comonomer type on the intramolecular complexation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275570
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of shish-kebabs in solvent-treated fracture surfaces of polyethylene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Shish-kebabs are observed by scanning electron microscopy on fracture surfaces of a low molecular weight, high-density polyethylene treated by hot pxylene. The shish-kebabs observed originate from the fibrils of the fracture surface. It is suggested that the larger fibrils are partially dissolved and that the partially dissolved molecules recrystallize on cooling forming the lamellar-like structures of the shish-kebabs. The less developed fibrils of the fracture surface dissolve completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275573
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of ultra-high strength polyethylene fibres by gel-spinning/hot-drawing at high spinning rates (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The addition of 1 wt.% Al-stearate to the spinning-solution of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in paraffin-oil allows takeup speeds of the extrudate of 270 m/min. These as-spun filaments could still be hot-drawn, resulting in a tensile strength of 2.8 GPa. The overall draw ratio's encountered after spinning and hot-drawing are of the order of 1500 suggesting a resemblance between these flow phenomena and superplasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275571
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic observations relating fracture morphology to molecular weight segregation in melt-crystallized polyethylene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 90-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fractography by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of samples of a low molecular weight, high-density polyethylene from the melt isothermally crystallized at 125°C, together with SEM on these samples treated with p-xylene (including fracture surfaces), polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography have provided evidence that fracture preferentially develops along a weakest link path defined by regions of segregated low molecular weight material. The segregated material is to a considerable extent accumulated in the spherulite boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275574
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto reduced wool with potassium perodydiphosphate as initiator (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 106-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to ascertain the role of mercaptan groups during grafting, the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto reduced Indian Chokla Wool fibers in an aqueous medium was investigated using potassium peroxydiphosphate (PP) as initiator. The percentage of grafting was determined as a function of concentration of initiator PP, monomer MMA and sulfuric acid, time, temperature and the presence of solvents. The molecular weight of the grafted polymer decreased as the extent of grafting increased. A kinetic scheme was developed based upon the dependence of the rate of grafting upon the reactant concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275576
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of β-relaxation in polymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 98-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An activation analysis of relaxational β-transition in polymers, oligomers and simple molecular glasses has been made with the aid of DSC and the internal friction (IF) on the specimens under static load. On the basis of the results obtained, literature data and the correlations found, a conclusion has been drawn that β-transition in the linear polymers is defined by the rotation of the chain portion commensurable with Kuhn's segment as well as the intermolecular potential barriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275575
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloroformate) and of its copolymers using phase transfer catalysis (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 114-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloroformate) and of its copolymers with compounds containing labile hydrogen atoms like amines, phenols, alcohols and 2-oxazolidone as well as with potassium cyanide and potassium fluoride has been investigated. Phase transfer catalysis conditions lead to soluble modified polymers with good substitution yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275577
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidants and stabilizers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 121-124 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of polyolefine melt stabilizer 2, 2′-thiobis-(4,6-di-tert.butylphenol) (I) as a hydroperoxide decomposing antioxidant was studied under model conditions.tert.Butylhydroperoxide was used to simulate the reaction with polypropylene hydroperoxide. The reaction was performed at 85°C in chlorobenzene solution. Decomposition of tert.butylhydroperoxide by I and formation of the sulphoxide II and the sulphone III from sulphide I were followed quantitatively. Formation of small amounts of effective peroxidolytic species from II or III, responsible for acceleration of hydroperoxide decomposition was considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275578
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β Keto-phosphonate resins (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present paper describes two types of polymers with “hanging” β ketophosphonates groups. The first type was obtained by reacting carbanions of keto-phosphonates with chloromethylated polystyrene; the second one by reacting the same polymer with the tetramethylammonium salt of various β keto-phosphonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275579
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 570-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and characterization of linear telechelic polyisobutylenes having propargyl ether, propargyl ester and propiolic ester end groups are described. The syntheses were accomplished by reacting α, ω-di (hydroxy)-polyisobutylene with propargyl bromide or phthalic anhydride followed by propargylic alcohol or monopropargylic ester of phthalic acid chloride, or propiolic acid in the presence of different catalysts at room temperature (see Scheme 2). According to IR and 1H-NMR analyses quantitative conversions were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307880
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular charge transfer complexes (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 577-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The copolymerization mechanism and the complexation properties of the copolymers of 9-anthrylmethylmethacrylate with acryloyl- β-hydroxyethyl-3.5-dinitrobenzoate and acryloyl-6-hydroxyhexyl-3.5-dinitrobenzoate are presented. The degree of complexation was found to increase by decreasing the difference between the side chain lengths and by increasing the flexibility of the main chain. The strength of complexation was estimated by considering the dependence of the chemical shifts of the aromatic protons on copolymer composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307881
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR studies of thermally isomerized polyphenylacetylenes prepared with MoCl5 and WCl6 catalysts (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 582-587 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 13C-NMR studies of thermally treated polyphenylacetylenes (PPA) prepared with MoCl5 and WCl6 catalysts provide evidence for intramolecular cyclization and chain scission of both cis and trans polymers. The microstructures of thermally treated cis and trans PPA are different from the microstructure of trans PPA obtained by thermal isomerization during propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307882
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous alternating copolymerization of six-membered cyclic phosphonites with lipoic acid (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Alternating copolymerizations of six-membered cyclic phosphonites as MN with lipoic acid as ME are described. The phosphonites employed were salicylyl phenyl phosphonite (SPO) and 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane (trimethylene phenylphosphonite, TPO). The copolymerization took place without catalyst at 0°C or room temperature. The reaction of SPO with lipoic acid gave alternating copolymer 1, which was formed directly from a genetic zwitterion 4. On the other hand, the reaction of TPO with lipoic acid gave alternating copolymer 2, which was produced after a proton transfer as well as an O-S scrambling giving rise to units 2A and 2B, respectively. Both copolymers 1 and 2 have a lipoic acid component in the main chain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307883
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  • 22
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    Evidence of a liquid-liquid-transition in n-Tetracosane the behavior of the specific volume (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 593-597 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Dilatometric measurements of n-Tetracosane from 330 K up to 420 K are reported. These experiments show evidence for a small kink in the specific volume — temperature curve. The correct statistical interpretation of the measured data yield a discret transition temperature above the melting point at about 378 K in close agreement with the results from other experimental methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307884
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  • 23
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    Minimization of molecular heterogeneity in radical polymerization application for central block syntheses in threeblock copolymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 598-598 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307885
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Rigid backbone polymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 186-189 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Coexisting isotropic and anisotropic solutions of poly(n-octyl isocyanate)s (POIC) were prepared from parent polymers of increasing width of molecular weight distribution. In qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions, analysis of the coexisting phases indicates the efficiency of partitioning into said phases to increase with increased width of the distribution in the parent polymer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283705
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Effect of viscosity in the radical polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridine) in methanol (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 204-207 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Acrylic acid (AA) forms a 1∶1 hydrogen-bonded complex with the repeating unit of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in dilute solution of methanol. The rate enhancement of the polymerization of AA in the presence of P4VP in methanol coincided with the viscosity change of the same system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283708
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Evidence for the amphiphilic structure of partially hydrogenolyzed poly(β-malic acid benzyl ester) (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 198-203 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Acidic copolymers of the poly(β-hydroxy-acid) type containing β-malic acid (hydrophilic) and β-malic acid benzyl ester (hydrophobic) repeating units in various proportions are prepared by two differentes routes : — catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ester bonds of homopoly(β-malic acid benzyl ester) and — chemical coupling of benzyl alcohol to poly(β-malic acid). In attempts to account for the route-dependence of the physico-chemical properties of resulting copolymers, GPC in aqueous medium and measurements of the solubility of Yellow OB, a lipophilic dye, in aqueous solutions have been carried out. The results are discussed in regard to the sequence distributions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic repeating units.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283707
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Effect of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution on the rheological properties of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 190-197 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution on the rheological properties of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions has been investigated with four PEO samples differing in their Mw, Mw/Mn and purity. The main result of this study is that the steady shear viscosity as well as the complex dynamic viscosity of the samples with broad molecular weight distribution greatly differed from the viscosities of the samples having a narrow molecular weight distribution. Furthermore, the samples with broad molecular weight distribution showed a distinct molecular weight dependent non-Newtonian behavior at increasing shear rates and frequencies. This behavior was not observed for the sample with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Both effects are mainly attributed to the influence of the high molecular weight fraction in the PEO samples of broad molecular weight distribution. The often reported degradation of PEO solutions was not observed within the time scale of our experiment.
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    Glass transition of polystyrene versus molecular weight (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 208-215 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Glass transition temperature of polystyrene has been studied by D.S.C.. Glass transition, well known for macromolecules, has been observed up to the monomer. Measurements of the change in heat capacity ΔCp at Tg were carried out and a relationship between $$\frac{{\Delta Cp}}{T}$$ and $$\overline {Dp}$$ has been found. The results have been interpreted as a modification of interaction occuring at $$\overline {Dp}$$ ≃25.
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    Facile synthesis of a monomer 4′-vinyldibenzo-14-crown-4 (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 216-222 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283710
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    Reexamination of the stereospecific copolymerization of butadiene with isoprene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 223-227 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 14 systems of the stereospecific anionic butadiene/isoprene copolymerization were reinvestigated using the Kelen-Tüdős (KT) treatment of data. It was found that the classical binary copolymerization model holds for these systems, too; the level of error is relatively moderate and the reproducibility is better than in case of cationic copolymerizations.
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    Copolymerization of 1,1-diphenylethylene with m- and p-divinylbenzenes and grafting reaction of the resulting copolymer with methacrylates (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 228-235 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Copolymerizations of 1,1-diphenylethylene(DPE) with m- or p-divinylbenzene(DVB) were carried out in THF and toluene using alkyllithiums as initiators, and the monomer reactivity ratios were determined. The copolymers prepared in the presence of excess DPE over DVB had a highly alternating character and was harder to form a crosslinked polymer as compared with the homopolymer of DVB. The copolymer was treated with sec-C4H9Li in THF, and the resulting polyanion was reacted with several methacrylates to form the graft copolymers withpolymethacrylate branches.
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    Head to head polymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 236-240 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Blends of head to head polyisobutylene and amorphous head to tail polyisobutylene were prepared by casting films of the polymer mixtures from o-dichlorobenzene. The glass transition behavior of the polymer blends was studied by DSC analysis. Two glass transition temperatures were observed over almost the entire composition range which indicates that the two structurally similar head to tail and head to head polyisobutylenes are not miscible even in the molecular weight range of 3000 to 5000.
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    Determination of tacticity of polymethacrylamide by C-13 NMR spectroscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 241-244 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The tacticity of polymethacrylamide was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the fractions of tactic triads could be determined from the resonances of α methyl and quaternary carbons and those of tactic pentad from the carbonyl carbon resonance. The polymer obtained with radical initiator was syndiotactic and the tacticity is consistent with the Bernoullian statistics.
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    About the transition of n-alkanes above the melting point (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 245-251 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The thermal behavior of a series of n-alkanes has been studied by means of a Mettler TA 2000 B heat flow differential scanning calorimeter. Between 450–480 K all n alkanes studied show an exothermic effect bound only to the first run and with hermetically sealed crucibles. The exothermic effect decreases with the mass of sample. If the crucible is sealed in an argon filled glove box, no effect occurs. On the contrary, if the experiment is carried out under oxygen a large exothermic effect is observed. We have concluded that the effect observed with sealed sample pans is not a phase transition but a slight oxydation of n alkanes.
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    About the transition of n-alkanes above the melting point comment to the paper by P. Claudy and J.M. Létoffé (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 252-253 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Correction (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 254-254 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Preparation and structure of crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate-co-1,3-bis-(methacryloxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl disiloxane) (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 255-259 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An investigation is presented of the swelling, thermal and morphological characteristics of copolymers of methyl methacrylate and 1,3-bis-(methacryloxymethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl disiloxane. These materials were prepared by copolymerization/ crosslinking of the two monomers by gamma irradiation. Studies were performed on copolymers with mole fraction of the silicon-containing monomer ranging from 0.09 to 0.42.
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    The transition in ethylene copolymers: The β-transition (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 260-267 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The well-established data which gives a complex composition dependence for the relaxation of ethylene copolymers has been reexamined. Emphasis is placed on the β-transition. In the reanalysis of the data two new experimentally determined concepts are introduced. These are that this transition is definitely found in the homopolymer linear polyethylene, and that it is a reflection of segmental motions which take place within the interfacial region. With these principles it is possible to separate the β-transition from the glass temperature and thus explain the very unique composition relations.
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    Synthesis, characterization and diels-alder extension of cyclopentadiene telechelic polyisobutylene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 268-275 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The use of 1-chlorodicyclopentadiene (DCp-Cl) as a minifer for the polymerization of isobutylene leading to asymmetric telechelic polymers having dicyclopentadienyl head groups and t-chloro tail groups, has been investigated. BCl3 is ineffective, however, diethylaluminum chloride was found to be a suitable coinitiator for the polymerization. According to kinetic investigations chain transfer to monomer is absent and DCp-Cl is an efficient minifer. Polymer characterization indicated a DCp functionality close to 1.0. The t-chloro functionality was 0.27, probably due to side reactions of the t-chloro group with the strong Lewis acids formed during the polymerization.
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    New polymer syntheses (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 276-283 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary L-Lactic acid O-carboxyanhydride (L-Lac-OCA) was prepared by phosgenation of L-lactic acid lithium salt. Its polymerization was conducted using a variety of initiators, and the resulting poly(L-lactides) were characterized by 1H-and 13C-NMR spectra, by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) and by optical rotation. Number average molecular weights 〉 3 000 were never obtained. Also polymerizations of D,L-Lac-OCA did not give higher Mn's. The formation of isotactic triads was favored under all conditions. Furthermore, copolymerizations of L-Lac-OCA and various α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) only yielded low molecular weight poly(depsipeptides). The polymerization mechanism is discussed.
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    Secondary structure of peptides (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 284-291 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 50.3 MHz 13C NMR cross-polymerization/magic angle spinning spectra of the raw silk of the mulberry silk moth (bombyx mori) and of crystalline silk fibroin were compared with those of synthetic copolypeptides of alanine and glycine. In crude silk, but not in crystalline fibroin , tyrosine, valine,aspartic acid and glutamic acid were detected in addition to alanine, glycine and serine. Furthermore, crude silk obviously contains ca. 10 % of an α-helix fraction which mainly consists of Ala-units. A small α-helix fraction (ca. 5 %) was also detected in the raw silk of the tussah silk moth (antheraea mylitta).
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    Anionic copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene: Applicability of the terminal model to high conversion (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 292-298 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The compositions of copolymers of butadiene (B) and isoprene (I), produced by anionic copolymerization with sec-butyl lithium initiator in hexane at 20–40°C gave a good fit at low conversions to the terminal model for copolymerization. Non-linear, “best estimates” of the reactivity ratios rB and rI were 2.82 and 0.42, 1.72 and 0.36, 2.18 and 0.35 at 20, 30 and 40°C. The rates of copolymerization at conversions up to 98% of total monomer gave a smooth relationship with the instantaneous feed composition, calculated using the terminal model, at each temperature and independent of the initial feed composition. These results are in accord with the terminal model being applicable to this anionic copolymerization from low to hiqh conversions.
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    Copolymerization of ethylene with propylene over SiO2-supported MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 299-304 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The SiO2-supported TiCl4 catalyst was prepared by allowing SiO2 to react with TiCl4 in n-heptane. Then MgCl2 was supported onto this catalyst by treating a mixture of this catalyst and MgCl2·(THF)2 with AlEt2Cl in n-heptane. The SiO2-supported MgCl2/TiCl2 catalyst thus prepared showed a very high activity for the copolymerization of ethylene and propylene and gave a moderately random copolymer. A plausible model for the active species was proposed from the analytical results of the catalytic system.
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    Ternary systems of two interacting copolymers and a solvent (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 313-320 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Closed loop diagrams were obtained with ternary systems containing two interacting copolymers (styrene-4-vinylpyridine / styrene-methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate-4-vinylpyridine / methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid) and a solvent (dioxane or chloroform). Viscosimetric interaction parameters were determined in both solvents. Higher interactions in chloroform than in dioxane were evidenced from greater positive Δ b23. A single glass transition temperature obtained with the pair of copolymers of styrene-methacrylic acid / butyl methacrylate-4-vinylpyridine confirmed the compatibility of these copolymers in the solid state.
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    Quasielastic light scattering (QELS) in semi-dilute polymer solutions a comparison of “slow-mode” diffusion with self-diffusion from FT-pulsed field gradient NMR (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 305-312 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quasielastic light scattering measurements and pulsed field gradient NMR measurements have been made on poly(ethylene oxide) fractions in semi-dilute solutions. Similar measurements have been made on polystyrene in chloroform and toluene. Through suitable choice of sampling times, the QELS experiments allowed analysis of the “fast” and “slow” modes of relaxation in terms of the corresponding diffusion coefficients and their relative amplitudes. Comparison of the slow mode with self-diffusion shows that the former is between one and two orders of magnitude slower than self-diffusion which contrasts with a number of recent reports. Furthermore, the proportion of fast to slow modes is highly sensitive to temperature and concentration. It is concluded that the slow mode must involve a concerted pseudogel motion sensitive to polymer-polymer friction.
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    Chiral liquid crystal polymers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 328-335 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Optically active head-to-tail dimer and trimer of(S)-1,2-propanediol have been prepared by a step-wise synthetic procedure employing a strict chemical and stereochemical control, and by catalytic oligomerization of (R)-propylene oxide under anionic polymerization conditions .
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    Polypropylene photostabilization by a tertiary hindered amine (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 321-327 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The products from a 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-piperidine have been identified both in photo-oxidizing polypropylene film and in model liquid phase photo-oxidations. In both cases, the tertiary amine is found to undergo attack by oxygen centered radicals at the N-methyl group and to generate the corresponding 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine in high yields. The latter can then take part in the cascade of protective reactions previously identified for secondary hindered amines.
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    Chiral liquid crystal polymers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 336-343 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new series of chiral, structurally ordered polyesters containing mesogenic units and optically active spacers in the main chain has been prepared. A thermotropic liquid crystal polymorphism was found to occur and quite unusual twisted smectic and/or cholesteric mesophases are believed to exist.
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    DSC evidence for Tu 〉 Tm in n-alkanes and polymers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 344-347 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We agree with Claudy and Létoffé that oxidation of hydrocarbons can occur in closed DSC pans because of entrapped O2. We do not find oxidation in open pans under flowing N2 unless dissolved O2 is present in the polymer. We report a Tu 〉 Tm in trans polyisoprene by DSC (open pan) and by dynamic mechanical loss. Our work supports the existence of the Tu transition of Krüger and coworkers.
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    Polymerization of benzyl halides catalyzed by VIB metal carbonyls (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 349-354 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The group VIB metal carbonyls were found to promote the polycondensation of benzyl halides when induced by heat. Their catalytic activity decreases in the order: Mo ≫ W 〉 Cr. Phosphine ligands attached to the metal poison the catalytic activity of the system. Species such as (CO)3M(PhCH 2 + )Cl− are considered to be active in promoting polymerization. The final polybenzyls have a branched, polycondensed structure of moderate molecular weight.
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    Head-to-head vinyl polymers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 355-360 
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    Notes: Summary The radical cyclopolymerization of N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dimethacrylurea (DMDMU) was investigated. The resulting polymer was completely soluble in benzene, and was found to compose of a seven-membered cyclized unit by means of IR and NMR spectra. This observation indicated that this cyclopolymerization was performed with alternating inter-and intra-molecular head-to-head (h-h) propagations, i.e. h-h cyclopolymerization mechanism to give a h-h cyclopolymer. When the cyclopolymer was heated, it was found to convert to a h-h cyclopolymer of N-methyl-N,N-dimethacrylamide(MDMA). The hydrolysis of the cyclopolymers of DMDMU and MDMA to h-h polymethacrylic derivatives was not succeeded.
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    Rheo-optical fourier transform IR spectroscopy of polyurethane elastomers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 382-389 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Rheo-optical FTIR spectroscopy has emerged as an extremely valuable tool to study deformation phenomena in polymeric solids. With the aid of a specially designed stretching apparatus short-time spectroscopic and mechanical data can be obtained simultaneously during the deformation and relaxation of polymers. Polyurethanes are particularly suited to such investigations because they contain functional groups with characteristic IR absorptions which can be assigned to specific domain locations of the polymer. Apart from a general introduction to the principle of the technique and its application to polyurethanes the data obtained with a series of three model polyester urethanes of different hard and soft segment content at ambient temperature are discussed in terms of the segmental orientation induced during uniaxial elongation and recovery.
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    Isochrone based mastercurves of viscoelastic functions (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 361-368 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Composite curves of the viscoelastic functions may be obtained not only by the usual shift of isotherme data along the frequency axis, but also by a shift of the respective isochrones along the reciprocal temperature axis. This shift along the 1 / T axis is equivalent to that of the isochrones of dynamic viscosity, along the slope of zero shear apparent activation energy of flow. It is demonstrated that both types of shift are related to this zero shear activation energy of flow, so that an unique shift mechanism is effective in both cases. Isochrone based mastercurves are favourable for studies on polymer blends particularly, because the problematical choice of the reference temperatures of the components is circumvented.
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    Effect of polyethyleneglycol on polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by sodium salt-type macromolecular electrolytes (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 396-401 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on the radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate initiated with the aqueous solutions of such macromolecular electrolytes as sodium polyphenolate and sodium polycarboxylate were studied. PEG was found to promote the polymerizations initiated by such sodium salt-type's macromolecular electrolytes.
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    Spontaneous copolymerization via zwitterion (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 417-422 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The copolymers obtained by the spontaneous reaction between 2-methyl-oxazoline (MN) and succinic anhydride (ME) are analyzed. The copolymerization takes place at 45 °C in CH3CN without added initiator. The composition of the copolymer was determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The scheme of the copolymerization was presented. The genetic zwitterion is not the only species responsible for the propagation as it is deduced from the composition of the copolymers obtained, although its participation in the propagation is important.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265322
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    Temperature dependent uniaxial stress relaxation in polyamide 6 (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 410-416 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Stress relaxation phenomena in polyamide 6 are presented in this paper. Tests were carried out on the tensile testing machine Fu 10 000e, using oar-shaped samples. Dependence of uniaxial stress changes in time, temperature or initial load was observed and measured. Analytical and mechanical models of stress relaxation in polyamide 6 were developed and are presented here.
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    Polymerization of vinylchloride by t-butylmagnesiumchloride (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 423-428 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vinylchloride can be polymerized in THF by t-butylmagnesiumchloride as an initiator. Polymers obtained are free of carbon double bonds. Leading t-butyl as well as terminating -CH2-CH2Cl have been identified as end groups by C-13 nmr spectroscopy. According to the monomer/initiator ratio oligomers as well as high polymers have been prepared.
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    Temperature dependence of the dynamic viscoelastic response of amorphous poly(diethylene glycol terephthalate) chains (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 369-374 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Experimental values of the storage G′ (ω) and loss G″ (ω) moduli were obtained at different temperatures for several fractions of poly(diethylene glycol terephthalate). By assuming that all the relaxation mechanisms have the same temperature dependence, free volume parameters were obtained. The qualitative analysis of the molecular weight dependence of the viscosity at zero shear rate suggests that well developed entanglements are present in the relatively low molecular weight fractions investigated.
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    Glow discharge polymerization of tetramethylgermanium in capacitive coupling system at 20 kHz frequency (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 390-395 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Germanium-containing polymers were formed from tetramethylgermanium by glow discharge polymerization at 20 kHz frequency. The formed polymers that were filmy or powdery depending on operational conditions were mixtures of polymers consisting of CH3, CH2, Ge-CH3, Ge-O-C and Ge-O-Ge groups, and germanium metal. Most Ge species present at the outermost layers of the films were oxided, and the Ge species at the inner layers existed still as Ge metal. There was no significant discrepancy in chemical structure between polymers formed at 20 kHz and at 13.56 MHz discharge frequency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265318
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    Synthesis of poly(indene-g-isobutylene) by cationic techniques (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 402-409 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(indene-g-isobutylene) was prepared by cationic graft copolymerization of isobutylene from halogenated polyindene. Product analyses suggest a grafting from mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265320
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    Polyisobutylene model elastomers prepared using demonstrably complete end-linking reactions (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 375-381 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Linear polyisobutylene (PIB) molecules with either hydroxyl or isopropenyl groups at the chain ends were prepared using cationic polymerizations with bifunctional initiator-chain transfer agents. Extensive spectroscopic analyses confirmed the essentially perfect difunctionality of the two types of polymers. The former polymers were end-linked using an aromatic triisocyanate, and the latter by means of a tetrafunctional silane. The resulting trifunctional and tetrafunctional model PIB networks were found to have absolutely negligible sol fractions, which demonstrates that the end-linking reactions used to prepare them were essentially complete. The networks were studied with regard to their equilibrium stress-strain isotherms in uniaxial extension at 25 °C. The results thus obtained are in satisfactory agreement with theory and yield no evidence whatever for significant elastic contributions from inter-chain entanglements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265316
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    Polymers of α-substituted benzyl methacrylates as a new type of electron-beam resist (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 45-50 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polymer of α-substituted benzyl methacrylate was found to be used as a new type of positive electron-beam resist, which forms methacrylic acid units in the polymer chain on the exposure to electron-beam and can be developed using alkaline solution as a developer. The sensitivity was dependent on the bulkiness of the ester group and the number of ß-hydrogen atoms in the ester group. The sensitivity and γ-value of atactic poly(α, α-dimethylbenzyl methacrylate) were improved by a factor of more than three over poly (methyl methacrylate).
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    Electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomer/polyacetylene blends (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 105-108 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three different types of thermoplastic elastomers, styrenebutadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and styreneethylenebutylene-styrene triblock copolymers have been blended with polyacetylene utilizing various blending techniques. In one method, acetylene gas was polymerized with the Ziegler-Natta catalyst in the presence of either the thermoplastic elastomer film or a hydrocarbon solution of the thermoplastic elastomer. The resulting polyacetylene/thermoplastic elastomer blend has been characterized with infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Upon doping with either iodine or ferric chloride, the ultimate conductivities of the blends were found to be 60–100 Ω−1 cm−1.
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    Cationic polymerization of n-vinyl carbazole initiated by trityl salts in nitrobenzene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 483-486 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The initiation mechanism in the cationic polymerization of N-vinyl carbazole by trityl salts in nitrobenzene has been investigated. An spectroscopic study of the reaction solutions indicates that the triphenylmethyl cation is not present at the end of the polymerization, the mechanism being not therefore similar to that proposed in CH2Cl2. A mechanism involving hydride ion abstraction is proposed.
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    Gas permeability of polyacetylenes with bulky substituents (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 114-117 
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    Notes: Summary In search of new materials for oxygen-enrichment membranes, high polymers of acetylenes with bulky substituents [2-octyne $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{1} $$ , 2-decyne $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{2} $$ , t-butylacetylene $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{3} $$ , 1-phenyl-1-propyne $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{4} $$ , and 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{5} $$ ] were synthesized with Mo- or Ta-based catalysts, and their permeability coefficients to oxygen (PO2), nitrogen (PN2), and carbon dioxide were determined at 25°C. Polymer membranes of the aliphatic acetylenes ( $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{1} $$ - $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{3} $$ ) were highly permeable to oxygen. In particular, poly $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{3} $$ showed a large PO2 value in the order of 10−8 [cm3 (STP) · cm/cm2 · sec · mmHg] together with a fairly high permselectivity for oxygen (PO2/PN2∼3). Polymers of the aromatic acetylenes ( $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{4} $$ and $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{5} $$ ) were less oxygen-permeable, giving PO2 in the order of 10−10, slightly larger than that for polystyrene.
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    Alternating copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate with styrene in the presence of ZnCl2 (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 497-503 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bulk copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate with styrene, at 50 °C, in presence of ZnCl2 was investigated. The complexing agent determines the formation of copolymers with high alternating tendency, as proved by the composition of the copolymers and by the distribution of the diads.
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    Secondary structure of peptides (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 513-520 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the NMR spectroscopic characteristics of amorphous peptides and proteins, we have attempted to prepare amorphous polypeptides in three ways: first by polymerization of L-(or D) NCAs in the melt; second by polymerization of L-(or D-)NCAs in the solid state; third by oligomerization of D, L-NCAs in solution or in the solid state. Only the last two methods yielded disordered oligo- and polypeptides. Their 13C NMR CP/MAS spectra display broad signals with line widths in the range of 5–10 ppm (350–750 Hz); yet their chemical shifts do not differ from those of highly ordered secondary structures. Upon reprecipitation amorphous poly(L-amino acid)s assume highly ordered conformations whereas oligo (D,L-amino acid)s do not significantly change their secondary structure.
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    Markov chains computational method for determination of the copolymer composition and microstructure as a function of the conversion (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 527-532 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A computational method is proposed for determination of the copolymer composition and microstructure dependence on the conversion on the basis of finite Markov's chains. The method is valuable because of its easy numeric realization and the possibility for a more profound characterization of the multi-component copolymers.
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    Average molecular weight and viscosity of acetone solutions of phenolic resins (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 533-537 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The viscosity-diffusion method has been proposed as a technique for molecular weight determination of spherical polymers such as phenolic resins. When the average diffusion coefficient DA calculated from the area of diffusion curve is used in this technique, there exists the following relation between Da and the specific volume φ of solute in solution: φ √DA = const. therefore, [η] = K M0.2 is derived. Though the average molecular weight obtained from DA and φ generally falls between Mn and Mw, there are some reports that the exponent of M rather increases when M is given as number average. We found that the exponent becomes larger than 0.2 when the polymolecularity of the sample becomes remarkable or it increases with molecular weight.
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    Influence of chlorosulfonation on the surface mechanical properties of lamellar polyethylene (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 553-557 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The hardening of lamellar polyethylene (PE) as a consequence of a controlled chlorosulfonation treatment has been studied using the microindentation technique. The hardness of the polymer turns out to be a linear function of the density of treated PE. The rate of increase is larger for samples with higher crystallinity. This increase is related to the hardening of crystal lamellae due to the surface attachment of electron dense groups. The latter impede the slippage of crystals and substantially reduce the rate of creep of the material under the contact pressure applied.
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    Synthesis of macromers of vinylchloride and vinylidene chloride from telomers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 157-161 
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    Notes: Abstract New macromers are prepared from monofunctional telomers of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride obtained by redox catalysis or by means of radical initiators. Especially, model graft copolymers are obtained upon copolymerising these telomers with acrylic compounds.
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    Synthesis of mono and difunctional oligoisobutylenes (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 152-156 
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    Notes: Summary A complete quantitative structural analysis of α, ω-dichlorooligoisobutylenes is carried out. It appears that, in fact, two kinds of end groups are present : 70 % of these are separated from inifer by a “long” polyisobutylene chain ; the other 30 % are directly linked to the inifer molecule. These results were obtained by H-NMR analysis of the unsaturated oligomers resulting from a dehydrochlorination of the chlorinated oligomers.
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    Polymerization of vinylchloride by t-butylmagnesiumchloride (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 175-181 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vinylchloride has been polymerized in THF by t-butylmagnesiumchloride as an initiator. Saturated oligomers of DP=1−3 have been prepared and analyzed by joint HPLC and C-13 nmr spectroscopy. The structure of the oligomers confirm a regular head-to-tail enchainment of the monomer during initiation and propagation.
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    Solution properties of poly(N-butyl methacrylamide) (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 191-195 
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    Notes: Summary Dilute solutions of poly(N-butyl methacrylamide) in methanol, dimethylformamide, and cyclohexanone were investigated by light scattering, osmometry and viscometry. From the intrinsic viscosity data, the characteristic ratio, C∞=9.9, was estimated. This value is compared with those for other N-substituted polyacrylamides. In this paper we report on the solution properties of poly (N-butyl methacrylamide) (PBMAm) prepared by radical-initiated polymerization, namely, its solubility, determination of the molecular weight by light scattering and osmometry, correlation of the intrinsic viscosity with the molecular weight, and the configurational characteristics of the chain.
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    Enzymatic degradation of side chains of soluble polymers. Rate of release of 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline as a function of the side chain length (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 201-205 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A series of water-soluble polymers was prepared, formed in the copolymerization of 4-nitrophenol esters of methacryloylated ω-amino acids with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and containing c. 3 mol.% of reactive groups. Groups degradable with chymotrypsin were bound to ends of variously long side chains by a polymeranalogous reaction with L-phenylalanine-4′-methyl-2′-nitroanilide. The dependence of the rate of degradation of 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline on the length of the side chain was investigated.
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    Reply to “criticism hypotheses by Gandini and Cheradame regarding the initiation of carbocationic polymerization” (Pol. Bull. 10, 141 1983) (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 303-310 
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    Notes: Summary The mechanism of grafting and blocking in cationic polymerisations initiated by the system RCl-Et2AlCl is discussed. The criticism by Kennedy and Wondraczek of the proposal of a grafting-onto (and blocking-onto) mechanism given in our book is refuted point by point and new arguments are put forward to corroborate our original hypothesis.
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    Theory of pseudo cross-link (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 336-342 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Stress-relaxation, creep and stress-strain relations are discussed in terms of pseudo cross-link concept. The decrease of cross-links by the stress or strain leads to an equation similar to the Mooney-Rivlin equation. Viscous flow is also an important factor decreasing the cross-sectional area of the specimen and the chain-extension. Viscosity much decreases with increasing rate of extension and temperature. Filler ingredient plays roles of not only enchancing the chain strain but also providing the pseudo cross-link due to adsorption of the rubber on the filler surface.
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    Surface active properties of silicone containing polymers (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 368-372 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The efficiency and durability of surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA] by silicone containing graft and random copolymers were studied by contact angle measurement of water droplet. The efficiency principally depended on the content of the siloxane; however, the durability of surface modification to hexane extraction differed according to the type of the silicone polymer and the siloxane content.
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    Cationic polymerization of 3,4-dimethoxystyrene by trityl hexachloroantimonate (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 414-418 
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    Notes: Summary Reactions between 3,4-dimethoxystyrene and trityl hexachloroantimonate in methylene dichloride were studied by liquid chromatography, i.r. and visible spectroscopy. Under certain conditions monomer consumption is quite low, permitting accurate analysis of the initiation kinetics. Polymerization is characterized by rapid rates of chain transfer through facile intramolecular cyclization and at least one major termination reaction. The appearance of a chromophore absorbing at 540 nm is probably the result of a termination reaction in which stable, substituted indanyl cations are formed.
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    Kerr constants of random coil polypeptides (1983)
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    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 373-380 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calculations of average molar Kerr constants 〈mK〉 of polypeptides of the twenty natural α-aminoacids in the random coil state are presented. The computation was carried out according to the Rotational Isomeric States model with the values of energies, dipole moments and optical anisotropies of the repeating units reported elsewhere. In the case of homopolypeptides, the ratios 〈mK〉/x extrapolated to x→∞ range approximately from −6000 to +5000 in units of 10−27V−2m5mol−1. Results obtained for ten actual proteins and three enzymes in the random coil state are also reported; their values of 〈mK〉/x are very sensitive to the kind of aminoacid residues and to the sequence of those residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281951
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    Hydride transfer to stable carbenium salts (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 411-413 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The interaction between (C6H5)3CSbCl6, (C6H5)2CHSbCl6, (ClC6H4)3CSbCl6 and poly(ɛ-caprolactone), dimers of α-methyl-styrene and of 1,1-diphenylethylene is investigated. By the use of 1H-NMR spectroscopy it is found that hydride transfer proceeds to the stable salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262182
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  • 82
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    A theory of pseudo cross-link (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 426-433 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The rupture of the polymer solid is classified into three categories: 1. A brittle fracture takes place at very rapid or low temperature extension due to the break-down of the pseudo cross-link. Craze or crack occurs. 2. An elastic rupture occurs at ultimate elongation of the chain due to the break-down of the primary bond. 3. A plastic rupture occurs at elevated temperature when the resistance due to viscous flow predominates over the elastic force. For cases 1 and 2 the elongation at break decreases while the strength increases as the rate of extension increases. For the case 3 both the elongation and strength increases. Failure envelope, optimum cure, effect of filler, segmented rubber and rupture energy are discussed theoretically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262185
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  • 83
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    Popcorn polymerization (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 452-457 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The popcorn polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by use of the styrene popcorn polymer as a seed material was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the possibility of the kinetic study was investigated. As the result, this process may be represented by the following equation: $$\frac{{\left[ {P \cdot } \right]d\left[ {P \cdot } \right]}}{{d x}} = k\left[ {Seed} \right]$$ where [P·] is the concentration of radicals, x is the fractional conversion of MMA, k is a constant, and [Seed] is the amount of seed. The proof for this equation was confirmed from measurements of both ESR and DSC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262189
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  • 84
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    A preliminary X-ray study on ferroelectric phase transition of poly(vinylidene ruoride) crystal form I (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 464-469 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ferroelectric phase transition of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystal form I has been investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements. The X-ray reflections of form I decrease in intensity steeply in the vicinity of 172°C and new reflections of the high-temperature phase, the conformation of which is essentially equivalent to that of form III (T3GT3¯G), begin to appear, maximize in intensity at about 183°C, and disappear above 190°C. These phenomena are consistent with the previously reported infrared spectral data. The X-ray reflections observed for the high-temperature phase contain the (100), (120), etc. forbidden for polar form III, suggesting a possibility of another crystal structure of anti-polar or non-polar form III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262191
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  • 85
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    Polymethacrylic acid derivatives (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 473-477 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The viscosimetric titrations of poly(N methacryloyl-l-alanine) and of a series of poly(N methacryloyl-l-alanine-co-N phenylmethacrylamide) have been studied. The stability of the compact conformation at low degree of neutralization ¯α depends on the hydrophobic nature of the copolymer. When titrating with tetraalkylammonium hydroxides instead of sodium hydroxyde, the tetraalkylammonium ion has been found to increase the molecular dimensions of PNMA and in opposite, to decrease those of the copolymers. This has been explained by the existence of intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. The titration of one of the copolymers in the presence of calcium ions, has shown that this divalent cation strongly depresses the electrostatic repulsions, giving to the copolymer a marked hydrophobic character.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262193
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  • 86
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    Polymerization of phenylacetylene by rare earth compound/trialkylaluminum catalysts (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 8-13 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The rare earth naphthenates of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, in combination with triethylaluminum, were investigated as catalysts for the polymerization of phenylacetylene. All were found, at least to a small degree, to be active, and produce atactic polyphenylacetylene showing the presence of both cis and trans double bonds in the chain. These polymers exhibited a low degree (∼ 28%) of crystallinity. However, the neodymium system produced a crystalline (45%) cis-cisoid polymer. An interesting, but as yet unexplained, correlation exists between activity of the catalyst, as indicated by yield of polymer obtained, and the number of f electrons on the metal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263231
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  • 87
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    Aqueous polymerization of clay surface (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 21-27 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Methylmethacrylate has been successfully polymerized to high conversions and high molecular weight polymers with aqueous suspension of hydrogen-bentonite in the presence of aliphatic alcohols. Both extractable and non-extractable polymers were obtained. The overall initial rates of polymerization increased with increasing ethanol concentrations. The constancy in the viscosity average moles of polymer at higher ethanol concentrations indicates that transfer to alcohol was unimportant. E.s.r. and x-ray studies suggest a free radical mechanism for such polymerizations. It has been postulated that interlamellar silicate layers are responsible for generating the free radicals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263233
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  • 88
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 31-38 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary α, ω-Di (nitrile)polyisobutylenes (nitrile-telechelic polyisobutylenes) have been synthesized by reacting α, ω-di (hydroxy) polyisobutylenes (hydroxyl-telechelic polyisobutylenes) with acrylonitrile, p-cyanobenzoyl chloride, p-cyanobenzoic acid and p-cyanobenzyl chloride by the use of a variety of catalysts, e.g. N-benzyltrimethylannnonium hydroxide, 4-N,N′-dimethylaminopyridine, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate and tricaprylymethylammonium chloride. IR and 1H-NMR analyses of models and polymer products suggest quantitative functionalization, except with p-cyanobenzyl chloride where only ∼ 80% functionalization was achieved. Methanesulfonation of the polymer-diol with methanesulfonyl chloride followed by reaction with NaCN in the presence of tricaprylymethylammonium chloride phase transfer catalyst gave quantitatively α, ω-di (nitrile) polyisobutylene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263235
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  • 89
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    13C High resolution solid state NMR studies on cellulose samples of different physical structure (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 56-62 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 13C bigh resolution solid state MR spectra of cellulose samples differing in lattice type, crystallinity and gross morphology (pulp, filament, film, bead) are presented and discussed with regard to the above mentioned parameters of physical structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263239
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  • 90
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    Grafting of polyester onto carbon black (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 63-69 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The grafting of polyesters by the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides with phthalic anhydride (PhAn) was carried out at 120°C by using carbon black that contained COOK groups as the initiating site of copolymerization. The copolymerization was easily initiated by COOK groups and polyester was effectively grafted onto carbon black: the grafting ratio of polyester obtained from PhAn and glycidyl methacrylate was increased up to about 63% with the increase in conversion. The polyester-grafted carbon black gave a stable colloidal dispersion in chloroform.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263240
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  • 91
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    Initiation of cationic polymerization with alcohol/Lewis acid systems (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 74-81 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The discovery that tertiary alcohols in conjunction with BCl3 are efficient cationic polymerization systems was exploited for the synthesis of new graft and block copolymer, i.e., poly (styrene-g-isobutylene), poly (isobutylene-g-indene) and poly (isobutylene-b-indene). Syntheses involved the initiation of isobutylene and indene polymerizations by polymeric alcohols (i.e., randomly hydroxylated polystyrene, and randomly terminally hydroxylated polyisobutylene) in the presence of BCl3. The starting prepolymers, i.e., hydroxylated polystyrene and polyisobutylene, were synthesized by conventional techniques. The syntheses of these sequential copolymers prove that the mechanism proposed for initiation with ROH/BCl3 systems is fundamentally correct.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263242
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  • 92
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    Phase separation of phosphonated polystyrenes in the solid state (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 101-104 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The goal of this is to point out, using the Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) method, that the repartition of phosphorus atoms of phosphonated telechelic polystyrenes in the solid state, is not homogeneous. On the other hand, a correlation is established between the P/C ratio in a thin superficial layer of the polymer and his flammability data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263246
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  • 93
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    Syntheses and characterization of various polyisobutylene-polystyrene copolymers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 90-97 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The overall compositions of various polystyrene PSt polyisobutylene PIB block copolymers and blends of homopolymers have been investigated by a variety of techniques. While 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies gave reliable data, the UV/RI dual detector GPC method and static UV absorption method were found to be unsuitable for composition analysis of these block copolymers. The discrepancy in composition determination is due to strong hyperchromism exhibited by these novel block copolymers. The block copolymers showed significant absorption in the 280–350 nm range and their UV absorbances were much larger over the whole absorption region than those of blends of homopolymers with similar composition. In the absence of independent supporting data, e.g., NMR or IR spectroscopy, both the GPC method and UV spectroscopy yield unreliable high PSt content data. Hyperchromism of low molecular weight PSt-PIB block copolymers in solution may be due to a significant interpenetration of the PSt and PIB domains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263244
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    1. A new crystalline copolymer of propylene with methyl-1,4-hexadiene (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 109-113 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new crystalline thermoplastic copolymer of propylene with methyl-1,4-hexadiene (MHD) was obtained with a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The copolymerization rate was not much depressed by the MHD monomer. Hydrogen was conveniently utilized to regulate the molecular weight of copolymer. In addition, hydrogen increased the copolymerization rate. The copolymer is characterized by chemical reactivity owing to the pendant unsaturation. Improved adhesion property of the copolymer has been shown, which implies useful applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263248
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  • 95
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    Cationic polymerization initiated by intercalation compounds of Lewis acids (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 487-490 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of initial studies showing the high activity of intercalation compounds of Lewis acids (C30SbCl5, C77FeCl3, C64AlBr3) as initiators of the cationic polymerization of cyclosiloxanes are presented. The influence of some reaction conditions on the yield and the molecular mass of the polymers formed is described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285365
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  • 96
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    Ring-opening spontaneous alternating copolymerization of a dithiadiphosphetane disulfide with cyclic ethers (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 491-496 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Alternating copolymerizations of 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide(Lawesson's reagent, LR) with some cyclic ethers(1) are described. The cyclic ethers used were ethylene oxide (EO) and oxetane (OX). The copolymerization took place without catalyst at room temperature. The copolymers obtained were of phosphonodithioate structure (2) having 1/2∶1 composition of LR and 1. The present copolymerization is the first example of the 1/2∶1 composition in an alternating arrangement. The copolymerization mechanism has been discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285366
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  • 97
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    Characterization of copolymer chains based on probabilities of sequences longer than diads (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 505-512 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A degree of alternation has been introduced in the paper as a useful “one-number” parameter characterizing the microstructure of a copolymer chain and replacing the degree of randomness. Based on a concept of alternation of comonomer units along the macromolecular chain the degree of alternation can be calculated for experimentally accessible sequences of any length.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285368
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  • 98
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    35-CL NQR spectroscopy of polychloral (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 521-525 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285370
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  • 99
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    Melt-crystallization of n-alkanes and polyethylene in a temperature gradient (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 547-552 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Normal alkanes and polyethylene were crystallized from a melt state in a temperature gradient. The feature of the crystallization depends both on the crystallizing speed and on the tube diameter of the specimen. Crystalline orientations of the grown specimens, investigated by X-ray diffraction method, are possible to classify into two orientations: One is that the c*-axis is perpendicular to the growth direction, and the other parallel to it.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285374
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  • 100
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    Criticism of hypotheses by Gandini and Cheradame regarding the initiation of carbocationic polymerization (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 10 (1983), S. 141-145 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the framework of their review of carbocationic initiation of olefin polymerization Gandini and Cheradame have hypothesized that carbocationic blocking and grafting of alkenes in the presence of Friedel-Crafts acids may also proceed by an “onto” mechanism and not by a “from” process suggested by Kennedy et al. A wide battery of facts and recently generated information substantiate the blocking and grafting from mechanisms and refute Gandini and Cheradame's onto hypothesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275847
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