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  • Rat  (80)
  • Lepidoptera  (72)
  • Springer  (152)
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Leningrad : Gidrometeoizd.
  • 1980-1984  (152)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (89)
  • 1983  (63)
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Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (152)
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Leningrad : Gidrometeoizd.
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1980-1984  (152)
  • 1925-1929
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Corticotropin releasing factor increases the adrenocortical responsiveness to adrenocorticotropin (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946481
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do prostaglandins mediate the somatostatin preventive effect on gastric lesion? (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 974-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; prostaglandins ; gastric lesion ; intragastric distension model ; stress model ; indomethacin ; somatostatin preventive effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin treatment blocks the somatostatin preventive effect on the gastric lesions induced in a stress model and has no preventive effect on an intragastric distension model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946466
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suitability of selected leguminous plants for development of Maruca testulalis larvae (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Maruca testulalis ; Pod borer ; Development ; Nutritional suitability ; Host plant ; Crotalaria ; Vigna unguiculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'hôte principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales: 1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥60%, constituent les plantes hôtes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule); 2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30≤50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante hôte principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata; 3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante hôte principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis). Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
    Notizen: Abstract Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30≤50% larval mortality and having GI value 30%≤60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis). Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338666
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractants for clearwing moths: Synanthedon vespiformis and Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis (and/or C. empiformis) (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; Synanthedon vespiformis ; Paranthrene tabaniformis ; Chamaesphecia empiformis ; Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ; Attractants ; Pheromones ; Clearwing moths ; Nemapogon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338671
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300895
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractants for the fruit-attacking noctuids Orthosia incerta and Orthosia cruda (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 15-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): sex attractants ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Orthosia incerta ; Orthosia cruda ; fruit pest ; Z9-14:Ac ; Z9-14:Ald ; Z11-16:Ac ; Z11-16:Ald
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345198
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precocious metamorphosis and moulting deficiencies induced by an anti-JH compound, FMev in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insect growth regulators ; Anti-juvenile hormone ; Fluoromevalonate ; Precocious metamorphosis ; Premature pupation ; Ecdysis ; Fall webworm ; Hyphantria cunea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fluormevalosäure (FMev), bekannt als ein spezifischer Inhibitor der Biosynthese des Juvenilhormons (JH) in Insekten, wurde in 0,1–50 μg/Tier Dosis topikal an 3., 4. und 5. Larvenstadien von Hyphantria cunea getestet. Die Raupen wurden auf einem semi-synthetischen, künstlichen Nährboden bei 25° und unter Langtagsbedingungen (18 : 6 St., Licht/Dunkel) gezüchtet. Diese Verbindung rief drei verschiedene Typen spezifischer Reaktionen hervor: 1) verfrühte Metamorphose, 2) gehemmte Häutung und 3) verlängerte Larvenentwicklung. Vor der verfrühten Verpuppung wurde normales Verhalten beobachtet. Die Larven des 3. oder 4. Stadiums häuteten sich meist erst nach einem interkalaren Larvenstadium in verfrühte Puppen. Unter den drei Larvenstadien erwies sich das 5. Stadium gegen die Anti-JH-Verbindung am empfindlichsten. In allen getesteten Entwicklungsphasen wiesen die frisch gehäuteten Larven die höchste Empfindlichkeit gegen FMev auf. Nach der Häutung wurde stufenweises Absinken der FMev-Empfindlichkeit beobachtet, im 5. Larvenstadium verursachte die Verbindung jedoch selbst am letzten Tag des Wachstums zu einen relativ hohen Prozentzahl verfrühte Verpuppung. Eine zweite typische Wirkung von FMev war die Hemmung der Häutungsprozesse. Zwei grundlegende Stufen der Häutungsstörungen unterschieden sich voneinander: 1) Als Folge der Anwendung hoher Dosen von FMev konnte die Mehrzahl der Raupen die alte Larvenkutikula nicht öffnen und ging deswegen in kurzer Zeit zugrunde. 2) Bei Behandlung mit niedrigen Dosen der Anti-JH-Verbindung häuteten sich einige Hyphantria-Larven scheinbar normal; nach der Häutung waren aber alle unfähig, die normalen Bewegungen und die Nahrungsaufnahme fortzusetzen. Auch die vorzeitigen Puppenhäutungen wurden in meisten Fällen durch die Anti-JH-Behandlung gehemmt. Die morphogenetischen Wirkungen von FMev konnten durch eine topikale Behandlung mit Hydroprene, einem hochaktiven JH-Analogen, vollständig oder teilweise verhindert werden.
    Notizen: Summary Fluoromevalonate (FMev, ZR-3516) known as an inhibitor of JH biosynthesis was topically applied in 0.1 to 50 μg/specimen doses to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar caterpillars of Hyphantria cunea Drury. The anti-JH compound induced 3 main types of specific responses: 1) precocious metamorphosis, 2) inhibition of ecdysis, and 3) prolongation of larval development. Precocious pupation was accompanied by behavioural events typical of normal pupation. Third and 4th instar larvae metamorphosed prematurely mostly with the intervention of an intercalary larval instar. The 5th instar exhibited the highest sensitivity to the anti-JH agent. Within each larval stage the freshly moulted insects proved to be the most susceptible to FMev. Afterwards, the incidence of morphogenetic reaction gradually decreased with age. In another fraction of Hyphantria larvae not responding with precocious pupation, FMev evoked varying degrees of ecdysial disturbance which always resulted in the death of caterpillars. In most cases the anti-JH compound inhibited the premature pupal moult, too, and these affected insects died as tanned pharate pupae. A complete or partial “rescue” from the effects of FMev was elicited, if simultaneously or subsequently, a single topical dose of a JH analogue, hydroprene was also administered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300901
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multivoltinism in Apanteles bignellii and the influence of weather on synchronisation with its host Euphydryas aurinia (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Apanteles bignellii ; Euphydryas aurinia ; Multivoltinism ; Synchronisation ; Weather
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In einer Population von Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) bei Oxford, England treten während einer Generation von E. aurinia drei Normalgenerationen von Apanteles bignellii Marshall auf. Jede Generation des Parasitoids kann charakterisiert werden durch das befallende Wirtsstadium und durch die aus einem Wirt schlüpfende Zahl Parasitoide. Parasitoide schlüpfen in Normalgenerationen aus dem 3., dem 4. und dem 6. Stadium des Wirts; in Ausnahmegenerationen schlüpfen sie aus dem 2. und 5. Stadium. Bis zu 70 Parasitoide können aus einer Altraupe (6. Stadium) schlüpfen und die Dauer dieses Stadiums kann bis auf 2 Wochen verlängert werden. Die Ausnahmegenerationen von A. bignellii aus Zweitlarven dürften aus Eiablagen in frühe Erstlarven stammen. Fünftlarven des Wirts, aus denen Parasitoide schlüpfen, sind ungewöhnlich klein und fressen nicht; sie dürften das Resultat sein eines Uebermasses von Apenteles-Eiern, die in frühe Viertlarven gelegt wurden. Die Synchronisation zwischen dem Parasitoiden und dem Wirt während der Zeit, da E. aurinia im Puppen-, Adult- oder Eistadium ist, wird aufrechterhalten durch ein verlängertes Coconstadium von Apanteles. Die Puppen des Parasitoiden entwickeln sich normal und die Adulten schlüpfen, bleiben aber bis 4 Wochen lang im Cocon, bevor sie sich eine Ausgangsöffnung machen. Das Wetter kann den Parasitierungsgrad der letzten Wirtsstadien beeinflussen. Wenn der Frühling kalt ist mit klarem Himmel, kann die Synchronisierung zwischen Parasitoiden, die aus Viertlarven des Wirts schlüpfen und potentiellen Fünft- und Sechtstlarven des Wirts schlecht werden. Die Entwicklung von Apanteles-Puppen wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur beeinflusst, während E. aurinia-Larven ihre Temperatur erhöhen, indem sie sich sonnen und deshalb rasch wachsen. Wenn die Parasitoiden unter solchen Bedingungen schlüpfen, sind die meisten potentiellen Wirte schon verpuppt und damit nicht mehr geeignet für die Parasitierung. Die Mechanismen der Synchronisation und der Wettereinfluss auf diese Vorgänge wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Abstract The gregarious endoparasite, Apanteles bignellii Marshall is specific to the nymphalid butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) in the British Isles. The synchronisation between host and parasitoid is described at a site near Oxford, England where both occur. Three regular generations of A. bignellii occur in one generation of the host in the studied population. Relevant features of the biology of A. bignellii and E. aurinia are described, including a method of distinguishing the number of Apanteles larval instars based upon shed cuticle remnants. Mechanisms for host-parasitoid synchronisation are outlined, especially a protracted parasitoid cocoon stage when the host is unavailable for attack during the chrysalis, adult and egg stages. Cool, but sunny weather conditions in spring can influence the degree of parasitisation experienced by final instar host caterpillars. The timing of adult A. bignellii emergence and subsequent attack on early instar hosts can lead to additional, partial, generations of parasitoids from second and fifth instar hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338663
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting the dispersive behaviour of larvae of an Australian geometrid moth (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Ectropis excursaria ; larval dispersal ; colour polymorphism ; phototaxis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Acht Experimente wurden durchgeführt, um einige der Faktoren zu studieren, die das Wanderverhalten der Larven (Raupen) eines polyphagen Geometriden (Ectropis excursaria (Guenée)) beein-flussen. 1. Larven sind positiv phototaktisch. Die positive Phototaxis ist negativ mit Fasten, Alter und Populationsdichte korreliert. Bei hohen Temperaturen ist sie nicht mehr nachweisbar. 2. Das Wanderverhalten der Larven wird durch die Populationsdichte beeinflußt, wodurch annähernd eine konstante Dichte erhalten bleibt. Das Verhalten der individuellen Larven is dabei nicht statistisch homogen. Es gibt ‘Wanderer’ und ‘Nicht-Wanderer’. 3. Diese Verhaltensunderschiede stehen möglicherweise im Zusammenhang mit physiologischen und morphologischen Faktoren, die den individuellen Fortpflanzungserfolg und das überleben beeinflussen können; ‘Wanderer’ sind dunkler, entwickeln sich schneller und das Gewicht ihrer Puppen ist niedriger als das der ‘Nicht-Wanderer’. 4. Eine der larvalen Farbvarianten zeigte eine Präferenz für einen von zwei angebotenen Hintergründen.
    Notizen: Abstract The dispersive behaviour of larvae of a polyphagous, wide-spread geometrid (Ectropis excursaria (Guenée)) was studied by examining responses to environmental and endogenous variables. It was found that differences in behaviour can be affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, density, and plant background as well as some physiological and morphological features. The implications of these relationships are discussed as adaptative strategies to a varying environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217535
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Foodplant selection and induction of feeding preference among host and non-host plants in larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 177-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): induction of feeding preference ; host plants ; non-host plants ; Manduca sexta ; Sphingidae ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Vingt-deux espèces de plantes, dont 10 planteshôtes (Solanées), ont été testés comme plantes alimentaires pour des chenilles de ler stade de Manduca sexta. Sur cet ensemble, seulement 12 plantes (dont 9 plantes hôtes) induisaient la prise de nourriture et permettaient la croissance jusqu'au 5ème stade. La diversité des résultats suggère que les plantes pouvaient être classées en hôtes, non-hôtes acceptables et non-hôtes refusés. En utilisant le test du choix alimentaire préférentiel entre deux rondelles de feuilles, les chenilles néonates de ler stade ont préféré nettement les plantes-hôtes aux autres. Cette préférence initiale pour les plantes-hôtes était préservée quand les cheniles étaient élevées sur plantes-hôtes, mais devenait moins nette ou disparaissait pour des chenilles élevées sur d'autres plantes acceptées. Ainsi l'oligophagie ches M. sexta n'est pas induite, mais doit être héritée. Les chenilles néonates, aussi bien que celles de 5ème stade, présentent des préférences hiérarchisées parmi les plantes hôtes ou non. La seule frontiere nette observée était entre espèces de plantes acceptables ou non. Les hiérarchies préférentielles des chenilles du 5ème stade différaient légèrement lors-qu'elles avaient été élevées sur deux plantes-hôtes différentes. La différence essentielle était l'observation d'une préférence accrue pour l'espèce ayant servi à l'élevage, mais deux autres plantes-hôtes changaient aussi de position hiérarchique. La cause de ces changements de préférence a été approfondie, les chenilles étant élevées sur des feuilles de chaque espèce acceptable (hôte ou non). Leurs préférences alimentaires ont été définies en utilisant des combinaisons diverses (hôte x hôte, hôte x non-hôte acceptable, non-hôte acceptable x non-hôte acceptable). L'induction de la préférence alimentaires a été obtenue dans ces trois associations. Ceci montre que l'induction des choix alimentaires chez M. sexta n'est pas limitée aux plantes-hôtes. Le degré d'induction de la préférence alimentaire variait de très fort à indécelable; il dépendait de l'association examinée. La source de la variabilité de cette induction a été examinée en fonction de la relation entre la force de l'induction et les rapports taxonomiques des plantes associées. La relation obervée était inversée pour M. sexta. L'examen des données de la littérature ont révélé une relation du même type pour les autres espèces de Lépidoptères.
    Notizen: Abstract Ten host plant (Solanaceae) and twelve non-host plant species were tested as foodplants for first instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Only nine host and three non-host plant species elicited feeding and supported growth up to fifth instar. The range of acceptability suggested that plants be divided into hosts, acceptable non-hosts, and unacceptable non-hosts. Using the two-choice feeding preference test we found that the initial preference for hosts was preserved when larvae were reared on hosts, but was less strong or absent for larvae reared on acceptable non-hosts. Thus oligophagy in the tobacco hornworm is not induced, but must be inherited. Newly-hatched first instar larvae and fifth instar larvae showed a preference hierarchy among both hosts and non-hosts. Fifth instar larvae reared separately on two different host species showed slightly different preference hierarchies among hosts. The preference for the rearing plant was increased and also two other host species changed positions in hierarchies. Feeding preferences of larvae reared on hosts or acceptable non-hosts were determined using plant combinations of host vs. host, host vs. acceptable non-host, and acceptable non-host vs. acceptable non-host. Induction of feeding preference was found in all three of these categories. This shows that induction of feeding preference in the tobacco hornworm is not restricted to host plant species. The degree to which feeding preferences were induced ranged from very strong to undetectable and dependend on the plant species paired. The strength of induction in the tobacco hornworm was found to correlate inversely with taxonomic relatedness of the plant species paired. Analysis of induction data from the literature revealed a similar correlation for other lepidopteran species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217537
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of gravimetry and planimetry in determining dry matter budgets for three species of phytophagous lepidopteran larvae (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): method ; dry matter ; budget ; Lepidoptera ; phytophagous ; gravimetry ; area ; accuracy ; precision
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les budgets en matière sèche consommée par des lépidoptères ont été comparés par les méthodes gravimétrique et planimétrique. La méthode gravimétrique est basée sur le rapport poids sec/poids frais de feuilles consommées par les chenilles. Avec la méthode planimétrique, la quantité d'aliment proposée aux chenilles est déterminée par les tracés de la surface des feuilles et le contenu de matière sèche par unité de surface des feuilles. La méthode de planimétrie permet l'utilisation de plus grands rameaux de feuilles et de cages d'élevage extérieures en gaze. Il n'y avait pas de différence appréciable dans les éléments du budget (croissance, ingestion et déjection), ni aucune différence dans la variabilité observée des données attribuable à la méthode utilisée. Cependant, la variabilité attendue d'après la précision des mesures avec la méthode gravimétrique est inférieure à celle de la méthode planimétrique. est inférieure à celle de la méthode planimétrique. Des éléments expérimentaux, inhérents à la méthode gravimétrique, introduisent une variabilité dans les mesures que l'on n'a pas avec la méthode planimétrique. 30–60% de la variabilité dans la consommation ont été attribués à des paramètres internes à la chenille, même quand elles provenaient toutes de la même ooplaque.
    Notizen: Abstract Gravimetric and a combination areal-gravimetric methods for determining dry matter budgets for leaf eating Lepidoptera were compared. The gravimetric method is based on dry weight/live weight ratios of the leaves fed to the larvae. In the areal-gravimetric method, the quantity of food offered to the larvae is determined from the area of leaf tracings and the dry matter content per unit area of the leaves. The areal-gravimetric method permits the use of larger leaf sprays and an open, gauze enclosed rearing chamber. There were no consistent differences in budget factors (growth, ingestion or egestion), nor were there any differences in the observed variability of the data attributable to the method used. However, the expected variability based on instrument precision for the gravimetric method is less than for the areal-gravimetric method. Experimental factors inherent in the gravimetric method introduce variability to the measurements that are not present in the areal method. Thirty to 60% of the variability in budget factors was attributed to intrinsic properties of the larvae, even though the larvae were taken from the same egg masses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369141
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of artificial diets for laboratory rearing of larvae of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Earias insulana ; Bollworm ; Artificial diets ; Insect fecundity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300911
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracerebroventricular injection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient with congenital indifference to pain induces analgesia in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1365-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; cerebrospinal fluid, human ; analgesia ; naloxone ; pain indifference, congenital ; opiates, endogenous
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary CSF from a patient with congential indifference to pain was found to produce analgesia in the rat following intracerebroventricular injections. The analgesic effect was attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone suggesting the involvement of hyperactive endogenous opiate mechanisms in this patient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951891
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and hexokinase in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1368-1369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; kidney ; hypertensive ; prostaglandin dehydrogenase ; hexokinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) surged in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rat kidney at 8 days of age, is greatest in SHR. Hexokinase fell in SHR at 17 days of age, but thereafter was similar to WKY. This suggests multisystem enzymatic abnormalities in SHR kidney during development of hypertension.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951893
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethanol preference in rats with a prior history of acetaldehyde self-administration (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1008-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; ethanol preference ; acetaldehyde self-administration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Peripherally self-injected acetaldehyde in interaction with environmental and nutritional variables significantly enhances alcohol drinking in rats and suggests an involvement of acetaldehyde in voluntary alcohol intake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946483
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oral 1,25(OH)2D3: An effective prophylactic treatment for glucocorticoid osteopenia in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Glucocorticoid ; Vitamin D ; Osteoporosis ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Eighty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet with either (a) 0.5% Ca and 0.6% P or (b) 0.01% Ca and 0.6% P. Osteopenia was created by adding prednisolone to the diet. The prophylactic effect of oral 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteopenia was studied. It was found that prednisolone osteopenia in the rat was associated with defective Ca absorption. By giving an oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, it was possible to maintain normal Ca absorption during prednisolone treatment and to prevent the bone loss. No significant hypercalcemia or any kidney calcifications were seen. These results are in contrast to earlier findings, in which subcutaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to prevent prednisolone osteopenia because of its tendency to increase bone resorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405014
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attraction of male spruce budworm moths,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), to pheromone-baited traps in small-tree thinnings (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987649
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relative kairomonal activities of 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones in eliciting oviposition behavior from parasiteNemeritis canescens (Grav.) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1597-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones ; ovipositionEphestia kuehniella Zeller [syn.Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)] ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canenscens (Grav.) [syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)] ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The relative activities of sixteen 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones from the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia (=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller in causing the parasiteNemeritis (=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) to make oviposition movements are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988427
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential for evolution of resistance to pheromones: Interindividual and interpopulational variation in chemical communication system of pink bollworm moth (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1551-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; mating disruption ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,E)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; cotton ; pheromone collection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract After an extensive examination of the release rates and blend ratios of pheromonal components emitted by field-collected femalePectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), we find no evidence of resistance to pheromones applied to cotton fields to disrupt mating. Females from fields with 3–5 years of exposure to disruptant pheromones as well as those from fields with only minimal exposure to disruptant pheromones emitted (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at a rate of ca. 0.1 ng/min and (Z,E)7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at ca. 0.06 ng/min. The ratio of pheromonal components was much less variable than the measured emission rate and was centered about a 61:39Z, Z to Z,E ratio. In contrast to the blend ratio emitted by females, the composition of the pheromonal blend used in monitoring populations and disrupting mating is centered about 50:50 Z,Z to Z.E. In general there was a remarkable consistency in the release rate and blend ratio among populations of females throughout southern California and those from a laboratory colony. It would appear that, although resistance to theP. gossypiella pheromone is still a very real possibility when it is used heavily in pest management as a mating disruptant, there are current agricultural practices and conditions which would hinder its development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988424
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure-activity relationships between stimulus molecule and response of a pheromone receptor cell in turnip moth,Agrotis segetum (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1661-1675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Structure-activity relationships ; single-cell recordings ; turnip moth ; Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; molecular shape ; dipole moments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The response of an antennal receptor cell of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, was recorded during stimulation with a series of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate analogs with structural variations of the acetate group. The investigated receptor cell is known to be highly selective to (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. All parts of the acetate group were found to be of great importance for full biological activity. The results indicate very strict requirements on the shape of the polar functional group, as well as on its electron distribution for a successful interaction with the antennal receptor cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987353
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plant-determined variation in the cardenolide content, thin-layer chromatography profiles, and emetic potency of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L. Reared on milkweed plants in California: 2.Asclepias speciosa (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 601-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asdepias speciosa ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; cardiac glycosides ; desglucosyrioside ; labriformin ; labriformidin ; syriogenin ; uzarigenin ; emetic potency ; emesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The pattern of variation in gross cardenolide concentration of 111Asclepias speciosa plants collected in six different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution which ranges from 19 to 344 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 90 μg per 0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats ranged from 41 to 547 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 179 μg. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 54 to 1279 μg with a mean of 319 μg. Differences in concentrations and total cardenolide contents in the butterflies from the six geographic areas appeared minor, and there were no differences between the males and the females, although the males did weigh significantly more than females. The uptake of cardenolide by the butterflies was found to be a logarithmic function of the plant concentration. This results in regulation: larvae which feed on low-concentration plants produce butterflies with increased cardenolide concentrations relative to those of the plants, and those which feed on high-concentration plants produce butterflies with decreased concentrations. No evidence was adduced that high concentrations of cardenolides in the plants affected the fitness of the butterflies. The mean emetic potencies of the powdered plant and butterfly material were 5.62 and 5.25 blue jay emetic dose fifty units per milligram of cardenolide and the number of ED50 units per butterfly ranged from 0.28 to 6.7 with a mean of 1.67. Monarchs reared onA. speciosa, on average, are only about one tenth as emetic as those reared onA. eriocarpa. UnlikeA. eriocarpa which is limited to California,A. speciosa ranges from California to the Great Plains and is replaced eastwards byA. syriaca L. These two latter milkweed species appear to have a similar array of chemically identical cardenolides, and therefore both must produce butterflies of relatively low emetic potency to birds, with important ecological implications. About 80% of the lower emetic potency of monarchs reared on A. speciosa compared to those reared onA. eriocarpa appears attributable to the higher polarity of the cardenolides inA. speciosa. Thin-layer Chromatographie separation of the cardenolides in two different solvent systems showed that there are 23 cardenolides in theA. speciosa plants of which 20 are stored by the butterflies. There were no differences in the cardenolide spot patterns due either to geographic origin or the sex of the butterflies. As when reared onA. eriocarpa, the butterflies did not store the plant cardenolides withR f values greater than digitoxigenin. However, metabolic transformation of the cardenolides by the larvae appeared minor in comparison to when they were reared onA. eriocarpa. AlthoughA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa contain similar numbers of cardenolides and both contain desglucosyrioside, the cardenolides ofA. speciosa overall are more polar. ThusA. speciosa has no or only small amounts of the nonpolar labriformin and labriformidin, whereas both occur in high concentrations inA. eriocarpa. A. speciosa plants and butterflies also contain uzarigen, syriogenin, and possibly other polar cardenolides withR f values lower than digitoxin. The cardenolide concentration in the leaves is not only considerably less than inA. eriocarpa, but the latex has little to immeasurable cardenolide, whereas that ofA. eriocarpa has very high concentrations of several cardenolides. Quantitative analysis ofR f values of the cardenolide spots, their intensities, and their probabilities of occurrence in the chloroform-methanol-formamide TLC system produced a cardenolide fingerprint pattern very different from that previously established for monarchs reared onA. eriocarpa. This dispels recently published skepticism about the predictibility of chemical fingerprints based upon ingested secondary plant chemicals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994224
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of uscharidin, a milkweed cardenolide, by tissue homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 945-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cardenolide ; uscharidin ; metabolism ; monarch butterfly ; Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; milkweed ; Asclepias ; N-demethylation ; mixed function oxidase ; monooxygenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Midgut and fat body homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera:Danaidae), were examined for microsomal monooxygenase activity usingp-chloro-N-methylanilineN-demethylation and for the ability to metabolize a milkweed (Asclepias spp.) cardenolide (C23 steroid glycoside), uscharidin. All homogenates tested had bothN-demethylation and uscharidin biotransformation activities. Both transformations required NADPH. The monooxygenase inhibitors sesamex, SKF525A, and carbon monoxide inhibitedN-demethylation but not uscharidin biotransformation. Subsequent subcellular fractionation revealed the uscharidin biotransformation occurs in the soluble fraction and not the microsomal fraction, whileN-demethylation occurs in the microsomal fraction and not the soluble fraction. The larval NADPH-dependent microsomal monooxygenase apparently is not involved in the metabolism of uscharidin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987975
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; Cossus cossus ; Lepidoptera ; Cossidae ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenol ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-3-decenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Female tip washings of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus L., were found to contain the following compounds that are structurally similar to known pheromone components of Lepidoptera (%): decyl acetate (1.5), (Z)-5-dodecenol (1), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (66), dodecyl acetate (12), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (14), tetradecyl acetate (4), and hexadecyl acetate (1.5). The washes contained an average of 125 ng of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate per female equivalent. EAG responses to nanogram amounts of the identified products indicated that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was the most potent olfactory stimulant followed by (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-5-dodecenol, whereas the saturated acetates caused only weak depolarization. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, which was not detected in the female tip washings. Field results showed that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was essential for the attraction of the males and that (Z)-3-decenyl acetate improved the attractiveness of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988036
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate Major component of sex pheromone of the processionary moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Synthesis ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaume-topoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; acetylene ; carbocupration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis of the major component of the sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa is described. The synthesis uses the carbocupration of acetylene, followed by the coupling with the appropriate 1-iodoalkyne. This synthetic pheromone was shown to be of 98.8%Z purity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988039
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components ofEuxoa drewseni Chemical identification, electrophysiological evaluation, and field attractancy tests (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Euxoa drewseni ; Chorizagrotis thanatologia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; parapheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-pentadecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven compounds structurally similar to known lepidopterous pheromone components were identified in the extract from 18 calling female moths ofEuxoa drewseni (Staudinger). The identifications were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors simultaneously. Detector antennae were from five species of moths. In the field, male moths were specifically attracted to a three-component blend of dodecyl, (Z)-5-dodecenyl, and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates in a ratio of 2∶6∶1. This blend at 1000 μg/rubber septum dispenser is recommended as a trap bait for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate or (Z)-7-tetradecenol inhibited the attraction of moths to the three-component blend. (Z)-7-Pentadecenyl acetate functioned as a parapheromone in place of (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate in the pheromone blend, and they appear to react via the same antennal receptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988453
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparent long-term bodily contamination by disparlure, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) Attractant (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; pheromone persistence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Positive attraction of male gypsy moths to the body of the author, now four years after his last known direct contact with disparlure, the synthetic pheromone, is documented. A designed test showed that moths responded to him in highly significantly greater numbers than to others who had had less or no previous exposure to the insect and / or disparlure. The data present persuasive evidence of bodily contamination with disparlure and suggest that the material is very persistent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987768
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Triunsaturated hydrocarbons, sex pheromone components ofCaenurgina erechtea (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1413-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Behavior ; Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer) ; forage looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; flight tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene have been identified as components of the sex pheromone of the noctuid,Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer), the forage looper. Structural assignments were made on the basis of spectroscopic and chromatographic data and were confirmed by comparison with synthetic material. Flight tunnel behavioral studies demonstrated that either component, when tested individually, would elicit wing fanning responses in males; however, mixtures of the two components increased this response and were essential for initiation of upwind flight and landing. In field experiments, traps baited with either component alone captured few or no adult forage looper males while those baited with both components captured several target males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990747
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 645-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990414
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of soybean phytoalexins on the herbivorous insects mexican bean beetle and soybean looper (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 657-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pseudoplusia includens ; soybean looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Epilachna varivestis ; Mexican bean beetle ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; feeding preferences ; nutrition ; food utilization ; host-plant resistance ; induced resistance ; glyceollin ; isoflavonoids ; soybean ; phytoalexins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of soybean phytoalexins on the feeding of the soybean looper and Mexican bean beetle were investigated to test the hypothesis that phytoalexins might be a defense mechanism of plants against insects as well as against pathogens. Short-term behavioral responses to the phytoalexins were analyzed using dual-choice tests with phytoalexin-rich and phytoalexin-poor (control) tissues. Phytoalexin production was elicited with ultraviolet radiation. Results from the dual-choice tests indicated that 6th instar soybean looper larvae fed equally on the control and phytoalexin-rich tissues. Feeding by adult and 4th instar Mexican bean beetles, however, was strongly deterred by the phytoalexins as evidenced by “single-bite” mandible scars on the phytoalexin-rich cotyledon discs. Nutritional effects of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin glyceollin on early instar soybean looper larvae were tested by incorporating the phytoalexin into an artificial medium at a level of 1% dry weight (0.15% fresh weight). The larvae were reared for 7 days from emergence on diets of control and glyceollin-containing media. Although survival on the glyceollin diets was initially less than on the control diets, under the experimental conditions glyceollin had no significant effect on the growth, development, or subsequent survival of the larvae. Efficiency of food utilization (ECI) was reduced, indicating that the phytoalexins may be a mild digestibility-reducing factor for the loopers. Implications of the results for host-plant resistance are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988774
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of sex pheromone components of the female driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella, and a blend for attraction of male moths (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 785-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Driedfruit moth ; Vitula edmandsae serratilineella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Phycitinae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal ; alcohol ; aldehyde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sixteen pheromone-like compounds were identified in abdomen tip washes and excised abdomen tip extracts of calling females of driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot. Identifications were by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors. Male moths were attracted to a blend of (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol and (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal in a ratio of 100∶1 at 500 μg/rubber septum dispenser, which is recommended for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (0.5%) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (0.1%) may be beneficial for the attraction of males, but 1–2% of (E)-9,(E)-12- or (Z)-9,(Z)-12-tetradecadienol, or (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate inhibited their attraction. Gravid female moths were attracted to traps that captured large numbers of males. Females may be attracted to male hairpencil or forewing gland secretions emitted near the traps or that accumulate in the traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988783
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lectin-binding properties of the Merkel cell and other root sheath cells in perinatal rat vibrissae (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Merkel cell surface ; Quinacrine fluorescence ; Lectins ; Vibrissae ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Surface carbohydrates on the Merkel cell of the outer root sheath (ORS) were investigated in 1to 4-day-old rat vibrissae by use of rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC)-conjugated lectins. The red fluorescence of RITC provided a convenient assay for lectin binding to the Merkel cell, which is itself identified by its green fluorescence following selective uptake of the dye quinacrine. In monolayers or suspensions of freshly dissociated ORS cells, the Merkel cell showed high affinity for the α-fucose-specific lectin, Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), thus revealing a novel feature for a basally located cell. Other high-affinity lectins included concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I). In contrast, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia I and II (BS-I and BS-II), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) virtually excluded the Merkel cell, though PNA-binding sites were unmasked after neuraminidase treatment. Other dispersed ORS cells had varying lectin affinities, and generally binding was inhibited by a competing haptenic sugar. The pattern of lectin binding seen in cryostat and paraffin sections of the vibrissa suggested that the Merkel cells share surface properties with their neighboring basal and/or spinous cells; however, unshared properties are likely to exist since ingrowing mechanosensory nerves recognize the Merkel cells, and not other epidermal cells, as their targets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214241
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Administration of caerulein to rats promotes antral epithelial cell renewal (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 711-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gastric antral mucosa ; Caerulein ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Cholecystokinin ; Trophic effect ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The growth-promoting effect of caerulein on antral gastric mucosa was explored using Wistar rats. Implanted osmotic minipumps were used to administer submaximal doses of either caerulein or saline to normal rats for up to 4 days. In one group, reflux of bile and pancreatic juice into the stomach was avoided by previous surgical diversion of the distal common bile duct to the jejunum. DNA synthetic and mitotic activity in the antrum epithelium were estimated by 3H-thymidine pulse labelling and autoradiography during the administration of the peptide. The rate of cell migration was determined in animals killed 1, 2 and 3 days after the 3H-thymidine pulse. Administration of caerulein to normal rats provoked significant increases in both labelling and mitotic indices, and a significant acceleration of the upward cell migration in the glandular tubes. In the animals with distal diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions both labelling and mitotic indices were also increased over control values under the effect of the peptide. These data indicate that administration of caerulein stimulates cell proliferation in the antral gastric mucosa. This effect cannot be explained through increased reflux of pancreaticobiliary secretions in the stomach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217242
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric studies on lipid inclusions in Sertoli cells during the spermatogenic cycle in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 699-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Testis ; Spermatogenic cycle ; Sertoli cell ; Lipid ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The volume and surface area of lipid inclusions often present in the cytoplasm of rat Sertoli cells was measured directly from semi-thin sections of perfusion-fixed testicular tissues using an image analyser linked to a light microscope. Sertoli cell nuclei were used as a reference for comparing any variations in the measured parameters of lipid inclusions during the rat spermatogenic cycle. Volume density of Sertoli cell lipid inclusions was assessed by morphometric analysis of Sertoli cells photographically reconstructed from electron micrographs. Maximum lipid content in Sertoli cells occurred during stages IX–XIV of the spermatogenic cycle, then declined at stages I–III and remained low from stages IV–VIII. The persistence and increase in number of many large Sertoli cell lipid inclusions beyond the stage where spermatid residual bodies are phagocytosed within the Sertoli cells (stage IX) suggests that the synthesis and lipolysis of Sertoli cell lipid inclusions represents an intrinsic functional cycle of the Sertoli cells. Stage-dependent variations in the lipid content of rat Sertoli cells offers morphological evidence that the metabolic duties of the Sertoli cells are synchronised with the spermatogenic cycle to provide local coordination of the proliferation and maturation of the germ cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217241
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ovarian follicle as a model for the cell-mediated control of tissue growth (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Ovarian follicle ; Atresia ; Immunoregulation ; Immune tolerance ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thy-1+ cells, producing Thy-1+ material, have been demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique in the theca of growing ovarian follicles of the rat. OX-2 antigen, known as the minor glycoprotein of rat thymocytes, was detected in granulosa cells of non-growing follicles. Ia+ cells of dendritic type and/or activated macrophages were identified in the granulosa of advanced degenerating follicles, and remnants of the zona pellucida exhibited immunoglobulins. In some ovaries immunoglobulins were also bound to the zona pellucida of oocytes of early degenerating antral follicles. Medium-sized antral follicles with degenerating granulosa were occasionally invaded by cells carrying antigens of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or other T lymphocyte subsets, while degenerating large antral follicles were sometimes invaded by cells exhibiting antigen of cells with natural killer function (but not antigens of T lymphocytes). Granulosa cells of some degenerating antral follicles exhibited class-I antigens derived from the major histocompatibility complex. We suggest that cell-mediated control mechanisms of antigen expression and metabolism of tissue cells during their differentiation and degeneration should be considered in addition to the well-documented hormonal dependence of some tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217243
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glial cells in the pineal gland of mice and rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Interstitial cells ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Antigenic markers characteristic of astrocytes and their differentiative states (i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and M1 and C1 antigens) were investigated in the pineal gland of mouse and rat using double immunolabeling techniques. In both species the socalled interstitial cells as characterized by TEM were shown to be astrocytes, since they expressed vimentin, but neither fibronectin (a marker for fibroblasts and endothelial cells) nor the neuron-specific L1 antigen or tetanus toxin receptors. Subpopulations of vimentin-positive pineal astrocytes were also GFAP- and C1- antigen-positive. M1- antigenpositive cells were not detected. It is concluded that a considerable proportion of interstitial cells in the pineal gland of rat and mouse are immature astrocytes which, in contrast to other parts of the central nervous system, persist into adulthood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217142
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for a role of the cytoskeleton in the in vitro folliculogenesis of the thyroid gland of the fetal rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 499-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid gland, fetal ; Cytoskeleton ; Cytocha lasin B ; Vinblastine ; Colchicine ; Follicular development (thyroid) ; Tissue culture ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thyrotropic hormone (TSH) or cAMP accelerate the formation of follicular cavities in the explanted thyroid gland of the 15-day-old rat fetus. Cytochalasin B or vinblastine and nocodazole or colchicine, which disorganize microfilamental and microtubular structures respectively, inhibit or completely block in vitro-induced folliculogenesis. Exposure of the thyroid tissue to lumicolchicine, a structural isomer of colchicine deprived of antimicrotubular activity, does not inhibit the activation of folliculogenesis induced by TSH. These results are strong evidence for the supposition that microfilaments and microtubules are involved in the TSH-stimulated mechanisms resulting in thyroid folliculogenesis. Folliculogenesis requires the integrity of both microfilaments and microtubules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228434
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study on the development of CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CRF-neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Development, ontogenetic ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Appearance of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons was studied in developing hypothalamus of the rat by use of antisera against rat- and ovine CRF. These neurons were first recognized in the lateral and paraventricular nuclei on days 15.5 and 16.5 of gestation, respectively, when antiserum against rat CRF was employed. Antiserum against ovine CRF revealed the cells two days later exclusively in the latter nucleus. In both nuclei, the neurons increased in number with development. The neurons in the paraventricular nucleus appeared to project their immunoreactive processes to the median eminence via the periventricular and lateral pathways. In the median eminence, the immunoreaction with antiserum to rat CRF was first recognized in its anterior portion in the form of dots on day 16.5 of gestation but as beaded fibers in the external layer on day 17.5; these structures increased in amount with development in rostro-caudal direction. Although antiserum to ovine CRF was less potent in immunostainability than antiserum to rat CRF, it also revealed the beaded fibers in the median eminence on day 17.5 of gestation. Since evidence is available that the paraventricular nucleus is involved in corticotropin release, it is concluded that, in rats, the hypothalamic regulatory mechanism controlling the release of corticotropin initially appears on days 16.5–17.5 of gestation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219870
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric investigations into the mechanism of the compensatory hypertrophy of the rat adrenal zona fasciculata after unilateral adrenalectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenalectomy ; Hypophysectomy ; Compensatory adrenal growth ; Rat ; Stereology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining gland in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats was investigated by morphometric techniques. It was observed that compensatory adrenal growth occurred in both dexamethasone-treated and hypophysectomized rats, receiving maintenance doses of ACTH. However, it was only half that found in intact animals. These results support the view that activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is not the unique mechanism underlying adrenal compensatory hypertrophy in the rat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218652
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) in smooth muscle fibers and absorptive epithelial cells in the small intestine of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Caldesmon ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small intestine ; Smooth muscle ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) (Sobue et al. 1982) and of actin was studied in the rat's small intestine by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Positive immunostaining for caldesmon was seen in smooth muscle cells of the intestinal wall, and of blood vessels, and in the apical portion of the absorptive epithelial cells. The immunoreactivity in goblet cells was difficult to recognize. The positive reaction to immunostaining for actin showed almost the same pattern as that for caldesmon. These results suggest that this calmodulin-binding protein may play an important role in the control of actin-myosin interaction in smooth muscle cells and in non-muscle cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213742
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Internalization of ferritin-concanavalin A by the lactating mammary cell in vivo (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mammary gland ; Ferritin-concanavalin A ; Concanavalin A ; Endocytosis ; Membrane reuse ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ferritin-concanavalin A (Fer-Con A) was used to label the apical plasma membrane of the lactating cell to determine whether membrane internalization takes place. Rat glands were infused in vivo via the teat with 0.2 mg of Fer-Con A in 0.2 ml tris buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% trypan blue, the latter acting as a marker of the infusate. Tissues were obtained from separate animals 5, 10 and 60 min postinfusion. Fer-Con A was seen in alveolar lumina bound to the outer surfaces of apical plasma membrane, microvilli and milk fat globules. It was observed within lactating cells on the inner membrane surfaces of endocytotic vesicles, Golgi cisternae, and secretory vesicles containing casein micelles, and in multivesicular bodies and lysosomes. Internalization of the ferritin-lectin conjugate into casein-containing secretory vesicles was detectable in the 5-min postinfusion tissue. Lysosomes were the only structures in control tissue that contained particles bearing some resemblance to Fer-Con A. The data provide evidence that apical plasma membrane is internalized and distributed to a number of intracellular compartments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217870
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suprachiasmatic nucleus: Numbers of synaptic appositions and various types of synapses (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 449-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Morphometry ; Synapses ; Sexual dimorphism ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of male rats was estimated to contain 16×106 synaptic appositions (unilaterally) or 250×106 appositions in 1 mm3 tissue of the nucleus with an average of 1404 appositions per neuron. There are significantly fewer synaptic appositions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of female rats (15×106 per SCN or 236×106 in 1 mm3 tissue of SCN with 1264 appositions per neuron on an average). Additionally, numbers of various types of synapses (axo-somatic, invaginated, dendrodendritic and optic) are estimated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217872
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regional effect of monosodium-L-glutamate on the superficial layers of superior colliculus in rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Monosodium-1-glutamate ; Neuropathology ; Rat ; Superior colliculus ; Toxicology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Systemic administration of monosodium-1-gluta-mate by single injections of 4 mg/g body weight in infant rats (2–10 days of age) results in acute swelling of cytoplasm and nuclear pyknosis of neurons in the stratum zonale and stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus. Multiple daily doses of 4 mg/g body weight monosodium-1-glutamate result in an almost complete loss of neurons in these two superficial layers. The deeper layers appear not to be affected. No pathological effects were observed in the lateral geniculate body or pretectal complex. Light-and electron-microscopic studies reveal that the optic nerves are remarkably shrunken and many myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons are lost. Injection of 3Hproline into the vitreous body of one eye results in limited transport to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral geniculate body and to lateral portions of the superior colliculus. The small percentage of intact axons in the optic nerve, as well as the limited proline transport from the eye, suggest that administration of monosodium-1-glutamate leaves intact some optic fibers, a portion of which belongs to the retinohypothalamic tract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217873
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron-microscopic demonstration of the distribution of calcium deposits in the exocrine pancreas of the rat after application of carbachol, atropine, cholecystokinin, and procaine (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 683-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Calcium pool ; Calcium release ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to identify a cellular Ca2+-pool, from which calcium is released when secretagogues are applied, tissue fragments of the rat exocrine pancreas were incubated and fixed with glutaraldehyde in the presence of calcium. By means of this procedure electron-dense deposits were found on plasma membranes. X-ray microanalysis showed that these deposits contain calcium. Stimulation of tissue fragments with the use of the secretagogues carbachol or cholecystokinin reduced the number of deposits by about 80%. When the antagonist atropine was applied after carbachol stimulation, deposits reappeared on cell membranes, which then disappeared again after a second stimulation with cholecystokinin. In the presence of procaine, carbachol was inhibited and only slightly reduced the Ca2+-deposits on the plasma membranes. These results suggest that a calcium pool, from which calcium is released to induce enzyme secretion on stimulation, is located in the cell membrane
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226969
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ontogenetic appearance of somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the median eminence of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Somatostatin ; Ontogenesis ; Electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the rat median eminence (ME) has been examined electron-microscopically. Nerve fibers containing ir particles scattered throughout the axoplasm are first seen in the external layer of the ME on day 18.5 of gestation, and, on day 21.5 appear to terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space of the portal vessels. After birth, the fiber terminals contain several membrane-limited granules, which are labeled with ir PAP particles. Ultrathin, Epon-embedded sections of ME, treated by the protein A gold-labeling method for somatostatin, demonstrate positively labeled granules in the nerve fibers in the postnatal ME, but in the prenatal tissue, no specific gold-labeling is found. These findings show that, in the external layer of the ME, somatostatin storing occurs in the granules in the axonal terminals after birth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216512
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of pericytes in the central nervous system by silver staining of the basal lamina (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain vessels ; Basal lamina ; Pericytes ; Endothelial cells ; Glial cells ; Argyrophilic staining ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vibratome sections obtained from perfusion-fixed rat brains were stained by means of silver impregnation and physical development according to Gailyas (1970). Small pieces of the cerebral cortex were postfixed with buffered osmium tetroxide solution and processed for electron microscopy to examine the localization of the silver deposit at the cellular level. The cell surfaces of pericytes and smooth muscle cells were completely outlined by silver grains. Endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes, however, showed an asymmetric distribution of the silver deposit, i.e., the deposit was restricted to the abluminal endothelial surface and to the astrocytic membrane adjacent to the vessel wall, respectively. The method allowed a clear-cut distinction between perikarya of endothelial cells and pericytes as well as glial cells in perivascular position, even at the light-microscopic level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214255
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron-microscopic study of silver staining of nucleoli in growing oocytes of rat ovaries (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte ; Nucleolus ; Silver staining ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The nucleoli of dictyate-stage growing oocytes in rat ovaries were examined both with routine electron microscopy and electron microscopy after silver nitrate and ammoniacal silver nitrate (Ag-AS) staining. The nucleoli of the unilaminar follicular oocytes consist of twisted strands of dense fibrillar components, aggregates of granular components, and small fibrillar centers. After Ag-AS staining, silver grains are numerous on the dense fibrillar strands, fewer on the fibrillar centers, and very sporadic on the granular aggregates. The same stainability of three nucleolar components with the Ag-AS method was also confirmed in the nucleoli segregated by actinomycin D. During the transition of growing oocytes from bilaminar to plurilaminar follicle stage, the nucleolar dense fibrillar strands gradually conglomerate and are transformed into large and compact spherules. The stainability of dense fibrillar components with the Ag-AS method was lost along with this nucleolar transformation. These results may provide some new clues on the functional significance of AgAS-positive proteins in the nucleoli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214225
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Independent development of presynaptic specializations in olfactory cortex of the fetal rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Synaptogenesis ; Development fetal ; Olfactory cortex ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy was used to study synaptogenesis in prepyriform cortex of fetal rat pups during early stages of synapse formation. Of special interest is the frequent occurrence of unapposed, developing synaptic specializations in axon and growth cone profiles. The location and morphology of the unapposed specializations suggests that thay are presynaptic in nature. These presumably immature presynaptic specializations are found in the lateral olfactory tract and subjacent cortex. Intermediate forms between uncontacted presynaptic specializations and definitive synapses suggest a synaptogenic sequence in which initial development of an immature presynaptic specialization begins without apposition of a postsynaptic element at that location. This implies that initiation of presynaptic development is not dependent upon postsynaptic contact and also raises the question of whether synaptic contacts could be established via presynaptic induction of postsynaptic formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229204
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Connexon rearrangement in cardiac gap junctions: Evidence for cytoskeletal control? (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 185-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gap junction ; Cytoskeleton ; Heart ; Ultrarapid freezing ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using ultrarapid-freezing techniques and freezefracture electron microscopy, we report here a close association between cardiac gap junctions and specialized membrane domains containing regularly-spaced furrows. These specialized furrowed domains are observed only during periods of gap junction re-organisation (i.e., connexon redistribution) and may reflect the presence of underlying cytoskeletal elements controlling the position of connexons in the membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229215
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transendothelial channels in fenestrated endometrial blood capillaries of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 371-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endothelium ; Transport, intracellular ; Transport vesicles, channels ; Micropinocytosis ; Capillaries ; Endometrium ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three types of transendothelial channels are described in the endothelium of blood capillaries in the endometrium of the rat. It is postulated that they may function as pores draining interstitial fluid to the venous blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217160
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon and actin in thyroid glands of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 375-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid ; Immunocytochemistry ; Caldesmon ; Actin ; Endocytosis ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin interacting protein; Sobue et al. 1982) and actin was studied in the rat thyroid gland by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, and the fine-structural distribution of actin filaments was examined by use of heavy meromyosin (HMM). Caldesmon and actin were demonstrated in the apical cytoplasm of almost all the follicle epithelial cells in normal as well as TSH-treated animals. Immunoreactivities for both caldesmon and actin showed almost the same pattern in localization. The smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels were also positive for caldesmon and actin. By electron microscopy, numerous actin filaments decorated by HMM and running perpendicularly or randomly to the apical surface were recognized in the apical cytoplasm of the follicle epithelial cell. These results suggest that caldesmon and actin, in conjugation with calmodulin, play a role in the regulation of cellular activity such as exocytosis and endocytosis in the apical portion of the follicle epithelial cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217161
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution and morphological characteristics of the pit cells in the liver of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 485-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver ; Pit cell ; Cytoplasmic granules ; Vesicles ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pit cells, on which almost no further contributions have been presented since the first report by Wisse et al. (1976), are described in detail in the rat liver. These cells show several characteristic features: 1) “rod-cored vesicles”, a new type of vesicular inclusion observed first in our study; 2) electron-dense granules, which we consider to arise from multivesicular bodies by the accumulation of dense material; and 3) well-developed pseudopodia. Although these features clearly differentiate pit cells from conventional lymphocytes, these two cell types display similarities (i) in a number of ultrastructural features, (ii) in the pattern of their intralobular distribution, and (iii) in their presence in the spleen and peripheral blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212219
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bone morphology of weanling rats from dams subjected to fluoride (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Progeny ; Bone ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Femurs of weanling rats from third-pregnancy litters of dams given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water were examined by light- and scanning-electron microscopy. Under the conditions of the experimental procedure, no pathological changes were seen in the femurs as a result of maternal ingestion of fluoride. These results indicate that the amount of fluoride crossing the placenta and mammary gland was insufficient to produce significant morphological changes in the bones of 3-week-old rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212235
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light- and electron-microscopic study on the maturation of the primary portal plexus during the perinatal period in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Capillaries ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The maturation of the capillaries of the primary portal plexus in rats during the perinatal period has been studied lightand electronmicroscopically. The number of capillaries covering the median eminence and of those invading the nervous tissue (capillary loops) increases significantly with age. Capillary loops were observed as early as the 18th fetal day. The mitotic divisions of the endothelial cells within the preexisting capillaries seem to be the main reason for the vascular growth. Immature capillaries with a characteristic narrow lumen are surrounded by a fuzzy basal lamina; their wall is formed by a generally expanded endothelium with rather sparse organelles and inclusions, and by minute flattened areas. The maturation of the capillary results in a progressive spread of flattened endothelium followed by an enlargment of the capillary lumen. Moreover, a rising concentration of organelles and inclusions, relatively numerous luminal microvilli, and a dense and uniform basal lamina become noticeable as capillary differentiation proceeds. These data are thought to reflect the progressive increase in the metabolic activity of the endothelium as well as the establishment of capillary patency during the perinatal period of rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217411
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of monensin on the Golgi apparatus of absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Golgi apparatus ; Monensin ; Small intestine ; Cytochemistry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of short-time treatment with the ionophore monensin, administered intraluminally at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, was studied on the Golgi apparatus of absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat. At 2–3 min after treatment most of the Golgi stacks exhibited dilated cisternae. At 4–5 min stacked cisternae were absent; they were replaced by groups of smooth-surfaced vacuoles. Dilatation and vacuolization occurred in the entire stacks without preferential effect on any particular Golgi subcompartment. Monensin did not influence the cytochemical Golgi reaction of thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase. The characteristic staining pattern of these two enzymes in all Golgi cisternae of absorptive cells in the proximal small intestine, and the reactivity restricted to trans cisternae in distal segments of the small intestine, were unchanged after treatment with monensin. In the distal small intestine, the cytochemical pattern allowed the monensin-induced vacuoles to be attributed to the former cisor trans-Golgi face. Further, the cytochemical results demonstrate that vacuolization is not restricted to the stacked cisternae, but includes the trans-most cisterna. The latter, usually located at some distance from the Golgi stacks, has been defined as belonging to the GERL system in several types of cells. The clear response to monensin, an agent that selectively affects the Golgi apparatus, indicates common properties between trans-most and stacked Golgi cisternae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213739
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alteration by estrogen of the nucleoli in nerve cells of the rat hypothalamus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ventromedial nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Ultra-structure ; Nucleoli ; Estrogen effects ; Chromatin ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Estrogen is accumulated from the blood by nerve cells in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and can facilitate female reproductive behavior by acting on this region of the brain. This cell group was examined in ovariectomized female rats, given estrogen or control treatment, by use of light and electron microscopy. A significantly greater portion of the nerve cells in the estrogen-treated animals had protuberances on their nucleolar surfaces, apparent under the light microscope. The fine structure of such protuberances included dense, aggregated material, which is shown to contain DNA by the sodium tungstate staining technique. Because increased numbers of such protuberances were found in nuclei of cells of the experimental group where previous studies demonstrated a significant increase in ultrastructural signs of biosynthetic activity, they may be associated with increased RNA synthesis. Thus, they could indicate, ultrastructurally, increased synthetic rates for RNA in nerve cells through which estrogen promotes reproductive behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226943
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver-cell heterogeneity ; Hepatic venous branches ; Karyometry ; Binucleate cells ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (〈40 μm, 40 μm–80 μm, 80 μm–120μm, 120 μm–160 μm, 〉160 μm), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226967
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A morphometric study of the variations in subcellular structures of rat hepatocytes during 24 hours (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatocytes ; Rat ; Liver ; Circadian rhythm ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Subcellular structures of hepatocytes in periportal and perivenous zones were examined during 24 h. The volume, surface and numerical profile densities of cytoplasmic organelles were analysed morphometrically. Most subcellular structures in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were subject to strong circadian variations. In hepatocytes from both zones, the volume densities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, polysomes and lipid droplets demonstrated peak values at 16.00 h, 20.00 h or 00.00 h; trough values were at 04.00 h, 08.00 h, or 12.00 h, except for peroxisomes (16.00 h). However, the volume densities of glycogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes exhibited maximal values at 04.00 h, 08.00 h or 12.00 h and minimal values at 20.00 h. The surface densities of sER, mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes, and the numerical profile densities of mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes showed similar trends. These events suggest that membranes of the rER show a partial correlation with the sER, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes during the 24-h span. This may involve the interaction between ribosomes and rER. Almost all cytoplasmic organelles examined displayed significant differences between periportal and perivenous hepatocytes, morphometrically and in fine structure, indicating that the morphofunctional variability of hepatocytes differs depending on the location in the liver acinus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214231
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondrial binding of triiodothyronine (T3) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Triiodothyronine ; Radioautography ; Mitochondria ; Liver ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To assess the distribution of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) within intact living cells, freshly prepared dispersed rat hepatocytes were incubated with [125I]-T3 for periods of 5 min and 30 min. Lightand electron-microscopic (EM) radioautography was carried out to determine the distribution of grains over the isolated cells. Both procedures showed the grains distributed almost entirely over the cytoplasmic matrix rather than the nucleus. Grain counts under the EM were compared with expectation based on established quantitative methods. Only the mitochondria showed obvious and statistically significant grain counts, whereas the nucleus failed to accumulate grains in excess of expectations by chance alone based on area. The findings support the existence of mitochondrial binding of T3, presumably a prerequisite for its action in direct stimulation of the mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214233
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular junctions between macrophages in the regional lymph node of the rat after injection of large doses of steroids (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymph node ; Steroids ; Macrophages ; Intercellular junctions ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intercellular junctions were often found between macrophages in sinuses of regional lymph nodes of the rat after injection of large doses of cholesterol, cortisone acetate, and estrone at the footpad. They were identified by subplasmalemmal densities, 20–50 nm in width, beneath the plasma membranes of apposed macrophages. No distinct filamentous structures were visible in those dense regions. Electron-dense amorphous materials are lined up at the center of the intercellular space in the junctional regions. Some macrophages form clusters with intercellular junctions. No significant difference in the effect of cholesterol, cortisone acetate, and estrone on the number of intercellular junctions betwene macrophages was found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214238
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of the neuropil located ventral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neuropil located ventral to the SON was investigated by the use of immunoperoxidase staining for neurophysins, oxytocin and vasopressin, and electron miroscopy. The study was performed in six groups of rats: 1) control; 2) infusion of isotonic saline into the CSF; 3) infusion of hypertonic saline into the CSF; 4) drinking hypertonic saline for 4 days; 5) same as group 4 but injection of colchicine into the CSF on second day of dehydration; 6) salt loading for 3 months. In the control rats the ventral neuropil contained a few immunoreactive processes, the general morphology of which was completely different from that of the neurosecretory axons emerging from the SON at its dorsal aspect. In rats of groups 3 to 6 the ventral processes (VP) became loaded with neurosecretory granules, whereas the perikarya and axons were depleted. Based on their general morphology and reactivity pattern it is suggested that the VP are dendrites. Most of these “dendrites” were embedded in a glial cushion formed by the processes of a particular type of marginal glia. Some of these “dendrites” enveloped an arteriole penetrating the optic tract. All VP were rich in synaptic contacts. The possibility that the VP of neurosecretory cells may be functionally related to the subarachnoid CSF and the arteriolar blood flow is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216528
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Control of peptide release from cells of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Peptide hormones ; Dopamine ; Corticotropin-releasing hormone ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine the catecholaminergic nerve terminals in their intermediate lobes exhibited distinct signs of degeneration. Morphometric examination of the Golgi apparatus in cells of the intermediate lobe of these rats showed significant enlargement of Golgi cisternae. The release of adrenocorticotropin, β-endorphin/lipotropin and α-melanotropin from intermediate-lobe cells in vitro was measured by radioimmunoassay. The high basal peptide release was inhibited by dopamine and stimulated by methyl-isobutyl-xanthine. In contrast, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, histamine and noradrenaline, or corticotropin-releasing hormone, rat hypothalamic extract and vasopressin had no or only very weak effects. These observations indicate that the synthetic apparatus of intermediate-lobe cells is constantly depressed by dopaminergic nerves. We were not able to stimulate peptide release from intermediate-lobe cells by use of the abovementioned endogenous agents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217223
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of prolonged maternal fast on the pancreas of 18–21-day-old foetal rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Foetal pancreas ; β Cells ; Insulin ; Fasting mothers ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After maternal fasting for 72 h the pancreatic β cells of 18-day-old foetal rats show a conspicuous enrichment in secretory material, with an increase of pancreatic insulin concentration and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The morphometric analysis shows that the intracytoplasmic migration of the secretory granules is inhibited, principally inside the cell web. Consequently the number of secretory granules fused with plasma membrane decreases and this is associated with a decreased foetal plasma insulin. The difference in the ultrastructural aspect of the β cells of foetuses from fasting mothers and of foetuses from fed mothers is less conspicuous at 19 days of gestation and progressively disappears at 20 and 21 days. The modifications in ultrastructural aspect and in functional state are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229213
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histological study of ibotenic acid-induced modifications of rat retina and their attenuation by diazepam (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina ; Ibotenic acid ; Toxicity ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After 2 h intraocular injections of 19 and 190 nmoles ibotenic acid in the rat retina produced an intensive vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer and cellular alterations, in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. These alterations consisted of either cytoplasmic swelling accompanied by clumping of the nuclear chromatin or darkening of the cytoplasm along with nuclear condensation. A week later the retinas were thinner than the controls due to the disappearance of the affected cells. Pre-treatment with diazepam prevents the morphological alterations induced by 19 nmoles ibotenic acid; mainly the swelling, which was completely prevented, while the darkening was reduced drastically, although some vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer is still present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215147
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of an LH pulse on 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured ovaries of metestrous rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Rat ; Cell division ; Luteinizing hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of an LH pulse on the rate at which 3H-thymidine is incorporated into cultured ovaries of metestrous rats was studied. In comparison to ovaries cultured with tonic LH, an LH pulse (1) “rescued” follicles from atresia, (2) induced thecal cell proliferation, and (3) increased the rate at which granulosa cells enter mitosis. It is concluded that LH pulses increase follicular growth by first triggering thecal cell proliferation and then inducing mitotic divisions within the granulosa cells of both atretic and non-atretic follicles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215157
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron-microscopic immunohistochemical study of the localization of immunoglobulin G in the choroid plexus of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Choroid plexus ; Immunoglobulin G ; Permeability ; Anti-HRP-IgG ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The localization of autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied in the choroid plexus of Lewis rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This experiment was performed to study the permeability of the choroid plexus to intravascular IgG. It was shown that autologous IgG was present in the extravascular spaces. The transendothelial transfer appeared to occur mainly via the fenestrations and some interendothelial junctions. No transfer of IgG at the level of epithelial cells toward the cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated. Interstitial spaces in contact with the connective-tissue cells of the choroid stroma were strongly labeled. The significance of these spaces remains hypothetical and raises the question of the fate of IgG from the interstitial space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215159
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein and differentiation of neonatal rat pituicytes in vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Pituicytes, neonatal ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunofluorescence ; Organ culture ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The appearance and intracellular localisation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in pituicytes in neural lobe cultures of newborn rats aged 7 to 30 days were investigated by use of the indirect immunofluorescence method. GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed mostly in the outgrowth zone. GFAP was localised in the perikaryal cytoplasm as well as in pituicyte processes. GFAP-positive pituicytes showed considerable morphological polymorphism. The presence of GFAP — astrocytic marker — in pituicytes in vitro and the evident morphological similarity to cultured astrocytes suggest the astroglial character of these cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215161
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization and function of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase activity in the retinal rods of the rat by means of a newly developed cytochemical method (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDEase) ; New cytochemical method ; Retina ; Rods, outer segments ; Light perception ; 5′GMPase ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDEase) activity was studied histo- and cytochemically in the retinal rods of the rat with the use of a newly developed technique. Intense activity of cGMP-PDEase was evenly distributed over the outer segments of the rods. Reaction product was observed on the plasmalemma and on the disk membranes of the outer segments. A weak reaction product occurred also on the plasmalemma of the inner segments; however, no precipitate was found in the perinuclear and synaptic portions of the rod cells. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by 2 mM theophilline and by 2 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). To confirm the specificity of this new cGMP-PDEase method, the localization of 5′nucleotidase (5′GMPase) was also studied. In contrast to the activity of cGMP-PDEase, the activity of 5′GMPase was distributed on the plasma membrane of the photoreceptor cells extending over a wide range from the synaptic endings in the outer plexiform layer to the tip of the outer segments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219860
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the postnatal development of Müller cells and astrocytes in the rat retina (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): S-100 ; Müller cell ; Astrocyte ; Development ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The rat retina was studied by immunohistochemistry with antibody to S-100 protein during the first three postnatal weeks. Immunoreactive astrocytes are first detected subjacent to the inner limiting membrane close to the optic disc. They gradually increase in number and spread toward the ora serrata along the inner surface of the retina as the development proceeds. S-100-immunostained Müller cells are first identified on the 12th postnatal day although their immunoreactivity is much weaker than that of astrocytes at the same stage. This differential intensity of the immunoreactivity of the two cell types facilitates observation of the entire shape of the astrocyte. This characteristic reveals that cellular investments of blood vessels in the inner retina are formed by astrocytic processes whereas those in the outer plexiform layer are derived from processes of Müller cells. The cellular investment becomes complete by the 18th postnatal day.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219865
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol administration on the adrenal macrophage system of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Macrophages ; Ovariectomy ; Rat ; Estradiol administration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal male and female, ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats. In normal male rats few macrophages with numerous granules were observed in the zona fasciculatazona reticularis border, and in the zona reticularis. Granules, identified as lysosomes, were limited by a single membrane with a heterogeneous matrix; they exhibited acid phosphatase- and aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activities. A larger number of macrophages had identical distributions in normal female rats. In ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats the number and distribution of adrenal macrophages were similar to those in normal females; however, in spayed animals the number of these cells in the zona reticularis was higher than in the other experimental groups. Lysosomes in macrophages of treated animals were more numerous and their contents more complex than in normal male animals. These results indicate that the adrenal macrophage system is stimulated in experimental conditions involving high levels of circulating estrogens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219872
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structure of the small, granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglia of hydrocortisone-treated early postnatal and adult rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sympathetic ganglion ; Development, ontogenetic ; Corticosteroid treatment ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Hydrocortisone injections into rats on postnatal days 3–9 caused an increase in the number of small granulecontaining cells in the superior cervical ganglia. These cells, corresponding to the small, intensely fluorescent cells, showed an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus and a very large number of granular vesicles. In addition to the granular vesicles, 70–160 nm in diameter, in which the dense core filled most of the vesicle, most cells of the hydrocortisone-injected rats contained also larger granular vesicles, up to 350 nm in diameter, in which the dense core was eccentrically located. A minority of the cells contained only granular vesicles 70–100 nm in diameter, which was the only type seen in the saline-treated control rats. Thirty days after discontinuation of the hydrocortisone treatment, most of the cells with large granular vesicles had disappeared, and only two profiles of such cells were seen on day 40. The other small cells contained only granular vesicles 70–160 nm in diameter, and these cells could not be distinguished from the small granule-containing cells of 40-day-old control rats treated early postnatally with saline. Hydrocortisone treatment, first on days 3–9 and subsequently on days 40–46, caused reappearance of the small granule-containing cells with large granular vesicles up to 350 nm in diameter, the dense core of which was eccentrically located. Hydrocortisone treatment on days 40–46 only was not followed by appearance of such cells in rats treated with saline on days 3–9.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217301
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Compartments and perivascular arrangement of the meninges covering the cerebral cortex of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 459-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Meningeal compartment ; Perivascular space ; Brain intercellular compartment ; Cerebral cortex ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges, and the perivascular spaces were studied with reference to the results obtained in a previous study (Krisch et al. 1983). The spatial relationships of these compartments were analyzed at the electron-microscopic level. Horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the brain or into the contralateral ventricle. The pattern of distribution of HRP depends on the boundary situation in the individual compartments. The inner and outer pial layers accompany the vessels intruding into the brain. In the Virchow-Robin space the pial funnel obliterates within a short distance. The inner arachnoid layer is continuous with the outer arachnoid layer when it covers the vessels traversing the meningeal space. The perivascular compartment is not in communication with the arachnoid space; moreover, the pial funnel within the Virchow-Robin space is sealed off against the arachnoid space. Thus, blood vessels traversing the meningeal spaces and subsequently penetrating the brain surface are exposed to the common intercellular compartment represented by the intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges; this compartment does not communicate with the other compartments. The cerebrospinal fluid located in this intercellular compartment is preferentially drained into the upper cervical lymph nodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219861
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peroxidase-positive endothelial cells in rat liver (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 635-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver ; Endothelium ; Kupffer cells ; Peroxidase ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rat liver fixed by perfusion with low glutaraldehyde concentrations was incubated in diaminobenzidine-containing medium to stain for peroxidase. Endogenous peroxidatic activity was found not only in Kupffer cells but also in the endothelial cells lining the sinusoids and central veins. The reaction product was localized in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. The peroxidatic activity in endothelial cells showed a concentration-dependent sensitivity to glutaraldehyde: in liver samples fixed with 0.25% glutaraldehyde, approx. 23% of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and 65% of central vein endothelium were peroxidase-positive; with 0.5% glutaraldehyde, only approx. 8% of the sinusoidal endothelial cells contained detectable amounts of the reaction product; with 1.5% glutaraldehyde all endothelial cells were consistently peroxidase-negative. No peroxidatic activity could be found in liver endothelial cells following isolation by centrifugal elutriation. Endothelial cell peroxidase may possibly be involved in defense responses of liver and/or, as a part of prostaglandin synthase system, in prostanoid production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219882
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pheromone concentration on organization of preflight behaviors of the male gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar(L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; preflight male behavior ; (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane ; (+)-dis-parlure ; wing-fanning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) in a wind tunnel at 24° respond to decreasing dosages (1 μg to 0.1 pg) of (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane with a decrease in probability of wing-fanning, an increase in wing-fanning latency, and an increase in the number of behaviors (body jerks, antennal twitches, steps, and wing tremors) preceding fanning. Males initiating any behavior prior to wing-fanning had a 70% probability of wing-fanning and 97% of the males that wing-fanned eventually flew. The sequence of behaviors from quiescence to flight is not organized in a hierarchy, as this concept is used in ethology, nor is it dependent upon the concentration of pheromone. The time-average threshold concentration of pheromone for response of ca. 90% or more quiescent males is ca. 1.9 × 10−17 g/cm3 over 〈 0.3 min.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987639
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of time-average dispersion models for estimating pheromone concentration in a deciduous forest (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1081-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone dispersion ; active space ; Sutton model ; Gaussian plume model ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The Sutton and more recent Gaussian plume models of atmospheric dispersion were used to estimate downwind concentrations of pheromone in a deciduous forest. Wind measurements from two bivane anemometers were recorded every 12 sec and the pheromone was emitted from a point source 1.6 m above ground level at known rates. The wingfanning response of individually caged male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) at 15 sites situated 20 to 80 m downwind was used to monitor when pheromone levels were above threshold over a 15-min interval. Predicted concentrations from these Gaussian-type models at locations where wing fanning occurred were often several orders of magnitude below the known behavioral thresholds determined from wind tunnel tests. Probit analyses of dose-response relationships with these models showed no relationship between predicted dose and actual response. The disparity between the predictions of concentration from these models and the actual response patterns of the male gypsy moth in the field was not unexpected. These time-average models predict concentrations for a fixed position over 3-min or longer intervals, based upon the dispersion coefficients. Thus the models estimate pheromone concentrations for time intervals appreciably longer than required for behavioral response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987515
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni, predicted from biosynthetic precursors (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1309-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; biosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In addition to the previously identified components (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, sex pheromone glands ofTrichoplusia ni release (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Bioassays in a flight tunnel showed that a synthetic blend of these six compounds elicited complete flights to the source from 95% of the males tested and elicited hairpenciling responses at the end of the flights from 88% of the males tested. This blend was not significantly different from intact pheromone glands, which elicited complete flights to the source from 98% of the males tested and hairpenciling responses from 91% of the males tested. In contrast, the previously identified two-component blend elicited significantly fewer complete flights to the source (33%) and did not elicit hairpenciling responses from any of the males tested. The search for additional sex pheromone components was prompted by our previous identification of unusual fatty acyl moieties in the gland that seemed to be possible biosynthetic intermediates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988113
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of pheromone components in evoking behavioral responses from male potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Potato tuberworm moth ; Phthorimaea operculella ; (E,Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl acetate ; (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-tridecatrienyl acetate ; insect sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Responses of the male potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), to two sex pheromone components and female crude extract were studied. Both in a wind tunnel and the field, males were better able to locate a source consisting of a 1∶1 mixture of (E,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-1-yl acetate and (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-tridecatrien-1-yl acetate than a source consisting of the triene alone. The addition of the diene increased the time spent in the vicinity of the pheromone source, time spent on the source itself, and also increased the average number of visits to the source per individual when compared to the triene alone. The triene elicited high levels of locomotor activity and may play a major role in eliciting earlier (long-range) steps in the behavioral sequence of sexually activated moths. The diene appeared to influence later (short-range) behavior. The behavioral responses of males to a 1∶1 mixture of the diene and triene were similar to those elicited by female crude extract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987855
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host selection byBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L. (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; Blepharipa pratensis ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; host selection ; contact chemical ; parasite behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The host selection process ofBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L., was investigated. Once in the host's habitat, and following contact with a recently damaged leaf edge (cut, torn, eaten), the fly orients perpendicular to the edge and moves back and forth with the front tarsi grasping the damaged edge. Oviposturing (oviposition intention) may occur. Leaf exudates appear to arrest the fly on the leaf and increase tarsal examination (searching). If an edge of a gypsy moth-eaten leaf is contacted, oviposition usually occurs. Significantly more eggs are laid when host-browsed foliage is encountered, compared to mechanically cut or damaged foliage, indicating response to a cue left by the host during feeding. The number of host-damaged leaf clusters in an area significantly enhances oviposition there; in field-cage tests, significantly more eggs (7911) were laid in simulated-crown areas with all clusters browsed, compared to the adjacent areas containing 1/2 browsed (4200 eggs) and undamaged clusters (2209 eggs). A host selection sequence is suggested and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987859
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 973-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Laspeyresia nigricana Steph. ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; single-ion monitoring ; electroantennography ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), was identified as (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) (approximately 0.1 ng/abdominal tip), in vacuum distillates of virgin female abdominal tips and volatiles emitted by calling females, from its chemical properties and capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data. SyntheticE,E8,10–12∶Ac and the natural pheromone elicited similar quantitative electrophysiological and behavioral responses from male moths. Other related compounds which also attract male moths in the field,viz., (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienal, were not detected in the pheromone andE,E8,10–12∶Ac was not found in male moths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987506
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1007-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Rattus norvegicus sp. ; odorants ; stress ; behavior ; open field ; corticosterone ; fox dropping ; ketone ; sulfur ; compounds ; tans ; mercaptoketones ; repellent ; structure-activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The stress for 12 sulfur-containing synthetized volatiles was evaluated in male Wistar rats and compared to that for fox-dropping extract concentrate. Stress behavior was analyzed by quantifying various stress responses in a standard open field and measuring the increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. Nine compounds induced stress—a dihydrothiazole, two cyclic polysulfides, five mercaptoketones, and a mercaptan. For the mercaptoketones, the following structure-activity relationships were observed. Size can vary considerably; the mercapto group can be either alpha or beta and either secondary or tertiary. The keto group is not essential, since a structurally related mercaptan remains active. The mercapto group is essential for activity in mercaptoketones, since conversion to a methyl sulfide resulted in a neutral response. This type of odorant could function as an allomone and may have potential in rat control as an area repellent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987509
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential uses of kairomones for behavioral manipulation ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1377-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia ; (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; kairomone ; parasitism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of kairomone pattern and preconditioning on parasitization rates of fall armyworm larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) byCotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris (Cresson) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse using a hexane extract of frass and actual fall armyworm frass. Parasitization rates increased 55 and 26% in Petri dishes and on corn seedlings, respectively, when the entire experimental area was sprayed with the frass extract. Applying the extract in spots resulted in a 20–30% reduction in parasitization compared to treating the entire area. However, spot application produced significantly better parasitization rates compared to the control treatment. Exposing the parasitoids to actual fall armyworm frass resulted in ca. 50% greater retention in the release area and an increase of ca. 60–75% in the number of parasitoids searching.C. marginiventris parasitized factitious hosts topically treated with an extract of fall armyworm frass.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988119
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Filbertworm sex pheromone (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Melissopus latiferreanus ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; filbertworm ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; conjugated diene isomerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol acetates were identified in a 1∶4.3 ratio in the extract of abdominal tips of female filbert-worm moths,Melissopus latiferreanus (Walsingham). The identifications were based on electroantennogram (EAG) analysis, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ozonolysis, and synthesis. TheE,Z isomer produced the stronger EAG response. In the field tests of various ratios ofE,E∶E,Z, the ratio found in the extract captured the most males. The pureE,E isomer initially was not attractive by itself (〈0.1%E,Z) but became attractive after a few days, presumably because of isomerization. TheE, Z isomer (〈0.1%E,E) was attractive initially, but this compound might have isomerized faster than theE,E isomer. A study of the isomerization showed that regardless of the initial mixture of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate isomers, almost complete equilibration existed after one month. The equilibrium mixture consisted of 9%Z8,E10, 65%E8,E10, 23%E8,Z10, and 3%Z8,Z10. Concentrations in rubber septa (1∶4 ratio ofE,E toE,Z) of 0.03–3.0 mg/septum produced equivalent trap catches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987643
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New sex attractants for 35 tortricid and 4 other lepidopterous species, found by systematic field screening in the Netherlands (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex attractants ; field screening ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; dodecen-1-ol ; dodecen-1-ol acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Most of the known sex attractants and pheromones found for Tortricidae attract species of the subfamily Tortricinae. In order to find more sex attractants for species of the subfamily Olethreutinae, about 60 one- and two-component lures were screened for attractancy in different biotopes in the Netherlands. Most of the chemicals tested were straight-chain dodecen-1-ols and their acetates. The species captured belonged to the following families and subfamilies: Tortricinae (5), Olethreutinae (30), Noctuidae (2), Gelechiidae (1), Gracillariidae (1). Some of the species captured are recorded as pest species in forestry:Epinotia tedella, Gypsonoma aceriana, Cydia strobilella, C. zebeana, Petrova resinella, Blastesthia turionella, andB. posticana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987650
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractant for currant clearwing mothSynanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1371-1376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Synanthedon tipuliformis ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The currant clearwing moth,Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a pest in many parts of the world. In field tests it was found that (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate attracts males of this species. The synthesis of this compound and of its geometrical isomer (Z,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988118
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel sex pheromone components from the fall cankerworm moth,Alsophila pometaria (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Alsophila pometaria (Harris) ; fall cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone extract from fall cankerworm moths,Alsophila pometaria, attracted conspecific males in field tests. Four EAG-active components were isolated from the extract and identified by GC-MS, highfield PMR spectroscopy, and microchemical techniques asn-nonadecane (I), (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (II), (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene (III), and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetrane (IV). Studies of the behavioral responses of male moths in a flight tunnel to the isolated components showed II, III, and IV were the major components of the sex pheromone. No sex pheromone behavioral responses were observed for I.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988092
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate pheromone components in the sexual behavior of the (Z) strain of the european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; European corn ; borer ; pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A glass tube olfactometer bioassay was used to examine pheromone response of males of the (Z)-pheromone strain ofOstrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The presence of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate at the natural ratio to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97∶3; Z∶E) did not consistently elevate wing-fanning, upwind walking, or clasper extrusion over (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate alone. This bioassay did not reveal the behavioral role of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987638
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; population densities ; sexual selection ; location strategy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In high-density populations, the male gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) “appetitive” flight is primarily vertical and within 1–50 cm of tree boles. Preceding location of a female, males land on trees or occasionally tree foliage and walk while wing-fanning. In high-density populations females may mate before calling, often prior to wing expansion or hardening. Additional matings may occur before any or full deposition of egg masses. Virgin females are not coy, whether their wings are unexpanded, or hardened and held rooflike, or whether they are calling or not. They generally mate with the first willing male and do not exercise sexual selection by an acceptance or rejection reaction. The mating structure in dense populations would seem to reduce selective pressure for female emission of and direct male anemotactic flight to attractant pheromone. A low proportion of males “search” appropriate objects, especially tree trunks, in the walking-wing-fanning state. Such males often are successful in locating virgin females before calling commences. This male strategy presumably would not be successful in low population densities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987640
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plant-determined variation in cardenolide content and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus reared on milkweed plants in California (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1823-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asclepias californica ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; chemotaxonomy ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; calotropagenin glycosides ; calactin ; calotropin ; uscharidin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Variation in gross cardenolide concentration of the mature leaves of 85Asclepias californica plants collected in four different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution ranging from 9 to 199 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 66 μg/0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats contained a normal distribution of cardenolide ranging from 59 to 410 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 234 μg. Cardenolide uptake by the butterflies was a logarithmic function of plant concentration. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 143 to 823 μg with a mean of 441 μg and also was normally distributed. Populational variation of plant cardenolide concentrations occurs within subspecies, but the northern subspeciesA. c. greenei does not differ significantly from the southernA. c. californica. Generally higher concentrations occur in butterflies from northern populations and in females. No evidence was adduced that cardenolides in the plants adversely affected the butterflies. Low cardenolide concentrations in the leaves and the absence of cardenolides in the latex characterize bothA. californica andA. speciosa, but notA. eriocarpa. Thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems isolated 24 cardenolide spots in the plants, of which 18 are stored by the butterflies. There was a minor difference in the cardenolide spot patterns due to geographic origin of the plants, but as in our previous studies, none in the sexes of the butterflies. UnlikeA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa, A. californica plants lack cardenolides withRf values greater than digitoxigenin. Overall, the cardenolides of bothA. californica andA. speciosa are more polar than those inA. eriocarpa. A. californica plants contain cardenolides of the calotropagenin series including calotropin, calactin, and uscharidin, and the latter is metabolically transformed by monarch larvae to calactin and calotropin. Cardenolides of this series also occur inA. vestita, andA. cordifolia from California, the neotropicalA. curassavica, and the AfricanCalotropis procera, Gomphocarpus spp., andPergularia extenso; they therefore cross established taxonomic lines.A. californica is the predominant early season milkweed in California and may be important in providing chemical protection to the spring generation of monarchs in the western United States.A. speciosa, A. eriocarpa, andA. californica each imparts distinctive cardenolide fingerprints to the butterflies, so that ecological predictions are amenable to testing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987364
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of dodecyl acetate andZ-10-tridecenyl acetate on attraction ofEupoecilia ambiguella males to the main sex pheromone component,Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate ; Z-10-tridecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; behavior ; wind tunnel ; field trapping ; European grape moth ; Eupoecilia ambiguella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Attraction ofE. ambiguella males toZ-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12∶Ac), alone and in combination with dodecyl acetate (12∶Ac) orZ-10-tridecenyl acetate (Z10-13∶Ac) was tested in both wind-tunnel and field experiments. In the laboratory, response toZ9-12∶Ac reached a distinct dosage optimum at which attraction was nearly as good as to live females. Addition of 12∶Ac, a minor component of female glands and effluvia, had no effect at low doses ofZ9-12∶Ac and only marginally improved attraction at the optimum. However, inclusion of 12∶Ac with an overdose ofZ9-12∶ Ac fully restored activity. In the field,Z9-12∶Ac alone was not very attractive at any dose; catches markedly increased by adding 12∶Ac and climbed with increasing dose of each compound up to 10 mg. Optimum ratio ofZ9-12∶Ac to 12∶Ac was 1∶1 to 1∶5. Another compound,Z10-13∶Ac, had the same effect as 12∶Ac in the laboratory and the field but was effective at a lower dose. In the field, inclusion of the synergist permits use of high cap loads to attract more males, perhaps from greater distances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987853
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trimerization ofEarias insulana sex pheromone, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, A phenomenon affecting trapping efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Earias insulana ; spiny bollworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; trimerization ; Chromatographic analysis ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone ofEarias insulana, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, may trimerize extensively to form a crystalline trioxane derivative. The structure of the trimer was deduced from its CI-MS and NMR spectra. Capillary GC analysis resulted in the thermal decomposition of the trimer to the monomer. This process could be studied on a 2-m packed column under specific conditions. A convenient separation between the pheromone and its trimer was achieved by TLC. The trimer was inactive in the field, and it has a harmful effect on the performance of the polyethylene dispenser. Material which contains large amounts of the trimer is unsuitable for field use, even if applied at high dosage. The pheromone should be analyzed by NMR or TLC in addition to GC in order to detect the presence of its trimer. The trimerization process is catalyzed by acid which should therefore be completely eliminated from the storing vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988089
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Eucalyptus oils in larvae of gum emperor moth,Antheraea eucalypti (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1489-1496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Antheraea eucalypti ; Saturniidae ; Lepidoptera ; larval oral ; discharge ; Eucalyptus oils ; monoterpenoids ; sesquiterpenoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The ether-soluble portion of the foregut fluid from the larvae ofAntheraea eucalypti (Saturniidae) was found to contain traces (0.1–0.2%) of isoprenoids. The isoprenoids were those that were major components of the oils from the leaves of theEucalyptus species on which the larvae fed and were also soluble in the foregut fluid. This observation demonstrated that these larvae did not sequester the leaf oils in their foregut or use them for defense. The compositions of the oils, which were steam-distilled from the bodies and feces of the larvae, were identical with those of the oils from the leaves of the host trees. This fact implied that the volatile components of the leaf oils had not been metabolized and had no effect on the growth or feeding of the larvae, at least on the twoEucalyptus species examined. In order to explain the coevolution ofA. eucalypti andEucalyptus species, components of the leaf oils were suggested to serve the function of an ovipositional attractant to the female moths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990318
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Iridoid glycosides and host-plant specificity in larvae of the buckeye butterfly,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1567-1577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Iridoid glycoside ; Junonia coenia ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; host-plant specificity ; coevolution ; insect-plant interaction ; Plantago lanceolata ; buckeye ; chemical ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the buckeye,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) feed primarily on plants in four families: Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae, and Acanthaceae. These plant families have in common the presence of a group of plant secondary compounds, the iridoid glycosides. Larvae were reared on three plant species and two artificial diets, one with and one without iridoid glycosides.Larvae grew poorly and had low survivorship on the artificial diet without iridoid glycosides, while growth and survival on the artificial diet with iridoid glycosides was comparable to that on plants. Choice tests using artificial diets with and without iridoid glycosides showed that larvae: (1) chose diets with iridoid glycosides (in the form of a crude extract or pure compound) over a diet without; (2) showed no preference between the diet with the crude extract and that with pure iridoid glycoside, and (3) preferred the artificial diet with ground leaves of the host plant,Plantago lanceolata, over the diet with pure iridoid glycosides. The artificial diet that larvae had been reared on prior to these tests had no effect on subsequent larval preferences in the choice tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988425
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redundancy in a chemical signal: Behavioral responses of maleTrichoplusia ni to a 6-Component sex pheromone blend (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1635-1658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; redundancy ; flight tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The flight response of maleTrichoplusia ni was observed in a flight tunnel to a sex pheromone blend composed of six components:Z7–12∶Ac, 12∶Ac,Z5-12∶Ac, 11-12∶Ac,Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac. The number of males reaching a 3000-μg source of this blend was 〉 95%, equal to that observed to female glands and significantly greater than with the previously identified two-component blend (Z7-12∶Ac + 12∶Ac). In subtraction tests, all five-component blends, with the exception of the blend lacking the primary componentZ7-12∶Ac, and several four-component blends elicited similar peak levels of upwind flight, source contacts, and hairpencil displays to that observed with the six-component blend. We characterize the substitution of certain minor components for one another as a form of redundancy in the chemical signal and suggest that it contributes to response specificity and signal recognition in males. The results also support the concept that the full blend of components acts as a unit to influence male behavior at all phases of the response. Individual minor components were not responsible for eliciting specific behaviors in the sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988431
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractant for three species of the genusOncocnemis: O. chandleri (Grt.),O. cibalis (Grt.), andO. mackiei (B. & Benj.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1701-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Oncocnemis chandleri ; Oncocnemis cibalis ; Oncocnemis mackiei ; (5E7Z)-5 ; 7-dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; sex attractant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Oncocnemis chandleri, O. cibalis, andO. mackiei were attracted to chemically baited traps in the field. In all three cases, (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was a key component for attraction. Attraction ofO. chandleri to traps baited with the (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was inhibited by addition of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.O. cibalis required both (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate for attraction. Electroantennogram responses for the three species are also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987356
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Male wing-gland pheromone ofEphestia elutella (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 667-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ephestia elutella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; male pheromone ; pheromone bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone extracted from glands on the forewings of maleEphestia elutella (Hübner) elicits a stereotyped courtship response from conspecific females. A bioassay for this sex pheromone was developed based on this behavior. Maximum production and responsiveness for males and females, respectively, occurred in insects more than 24 hr old.E. elutella females were not responsive to extracts made fromE.figulilella Gregson,E. kuehniella Zeller,E. cautella (Walker), orPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994227
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components and glycerolipid precursors from sodium [1-14C]acetate in redbanded leafroller moth (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 681-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone biosynthesis ; Argyrotaenia velutinana ; redbanded leafroller moth ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; radiolabel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sodium [1-14C]acetate in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (1∶1) was applied topically to sex pheromone glands ofArgyrolaenia velutinana. Radiolabel was incorporated into the pheromone components (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and also into triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, ethanolamine phosphatides, and choline phosphatides. In the triacylglycerols, radiolabel appeared in (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octadecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, the same acyl moieties incorporated radiolabel but at lower levels. In the diacylglycerols and ethanolamine phosphatides, only the radiolabel in hexadecanoate and octadecanoate was above the limit of detection. At different times following application of sodium [1-14C]acetate, the relative proportions of labeled (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate changed very little, but the relative proportions of labeled fatty acyl moieties in the triacylglycerols and choline phosphatides changed markedly. After 8 min, triacylglycerols had incorporated about equal amounts of radiolabel into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, and tetradecanoate. As the incubation time was increased, triacylglycerols accumulated proportionately more radiolabeled (E)-11-tetradecenoate than (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, and accumulated proportionately less radiolabeled tetradecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, at all times of incubation the amount of radiolabel incorporated into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate was small but above the limit of detection, and the amounts of radiolabel in (E)-11-tetradecenoate and tetradecanoate were smaller and often below the limit of detection. In both the triacylglycerols and the choline phosphatides, the relative proportion of radiolabeled hexadecanoate decreased with time, and that of octadecanoate increased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994228
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial field trials with the synthetic sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate ; field test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Synthetic (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate has been shown to be highly active in catchingThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) males in field trials carried out in different parts of Spain. A variety of formulations containing antioxidants or solid paraffin were tested. Formulations containing 3 and 10% ofE isomer showed a decrease of activity compared with those prepared with pureZ isomer. Dodecyl acetate, also found in the virgin female gland, did not show any synergistic effect when tested in a 9∶1 mixture with the synthetic pheromone. The product exhibited a remarkable persistence of activity under the field conditions even in the absence of stabilizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987772
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spodoptera exigua: Capture of feral males in traps baited with blends of pheromone components (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; rubber septa ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol ; beet armyworm ; trapping sticky trap
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (BAW),Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). The compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withAmaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. Moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z9,E12–14∶Ac) and 0.01 mg(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9–14∶OH). Additionally, we confirmed that all combinations of acetates tested alone captured significantly fewer males than blends containing a 10∶1 ratio ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH. A 10∶1 formulation ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH in hollow fibers was also attractive to feral BAW males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987773
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field trapping of diamondback mothPlutella xylostella using an improved four-component sex attractant blend (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; Crymodes devastator ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Noctuidae ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In addition to three known sex lure components [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol], (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was field-proven as a trace coattractant for malePlutella xylostella, with an optimal content below 0.01% in blends. This potent four-component lure for diamondback males also attractedCrymodes devastator males, and in this respect is not different in its attractancy from virgin diamondback females. Replacement of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in the four component lure with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, at the level of 10% of the total lure mixture, did not alter its attractancy for diamondback males, but it did inhibit attraction ofCrymodes devastator. The status of biologically active components as possible sex pheromones or para-pheromones is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987775
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical basis for host selection byHemileuca oliviae (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1425-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; C4 plants ; C3 plants ; tannins ; grasses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When provided a choice between grass species with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways, larvae of range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviae Cockerell, selected C4 grasses. The basis for host selection was examined by conducting analyses of moisture, crude protein, total available carbohydrate, sucrose, glucose, astringency, condensed tannin, silica, and pubescence of 14 grass species, and correlating host plant chemical characteristics with host preference. Most of the variation in host preference was explained by tannin characteristics (astringency and condensed tannin); C3 grass species had significantly higher tannin levels than C4 species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990748
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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