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  • Articles  (45)
  • nitrogen
  • stress
  • Springer  (45)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (35)
  • 1981  (10)
Collection
  • Articles  (45)
Publisher
  • Springer  (45)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 1167-1196 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
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  • 2
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    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 421-450 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
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  • 3
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    Plant molecular biology 2 (1983), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: stress ; differentiation ; plant cell cultures ; heat shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pattern of proteins synthesized by carrot cells after heat-shock was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A study was made of the time of appearance and disappearance of the heat-shock bands and a comparison was made of the heat-shock proteins present in cell extracts obtained from cell suspensions, callus, protoplasts and the different stages of somatic embryogenesis. From this comparison a number of differences and hence of stage-specific markers could be seen. This type of analysis was also carried out in the presence of α-amanitin in order to get information on the type of control of heat-shock protein synthesis. It turned out that in all stages after the initial globular stage, α-amanitin does not alter the heat-shock protein pattern suggesting pre-existence of the relative mRNA's.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: sarcoplasmic reticulum ; peroxidation of lipids ; stress ; myocardium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 91 (1981), S. 588-590 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; pituitary-adrenal system ; eosinophilia ; cardiac damage ; sodium hydroxybutyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; reversibility ; endocrine glands ; mitoses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 7
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 92 (1981), S. 1510-1511 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: acoustic stimulation ; epileptiform fit ; corticosterone ; stress
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  • 8
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ultrastructure ; myocardium ; stress ; catecholamines
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  • 9
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; anoxia ; reoxygenation
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  • 10
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ultrastructure ; adrenal medulla ; stress
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  • 11
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 170-172 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; hypoxia
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  • 12
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 167-169 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: atrium ; stress ; infarct ; phospholipases ; chloroquine
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  • 13
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 351-353 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: blood plasma ; stress ; radioimmune method
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; cytochromes P-450 and b5 ; demethylase activity ; lipid peroxidation
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: atrium ; stress ; myocardial infarct ; lipid peroxidation ; actioxidants
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  • 16
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 757-759 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: rats ; stress ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; contractile function of the heart ; cardiac output
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  • 17
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 763-766 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; contractile function of the heart ; glucocorticoids
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  • 18
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1000-1003 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; cortisol ; injections ; circadian rhythms ; 11-hydroxycorticosteroids
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  • 19
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1101-1104 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: serotonin ; S2 receptors ; stress ; behavior
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  • 20
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1046-1050 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; bioelectrical activity ; hormones ; reticular formation
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  • 21
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1275-1278 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; psychotropic drugs ; high-energy compounds ; brain
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  • 22
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1414-1416 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; α-adrenoblocker phentolamine ; β-adrenoblocker inderal
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  • 23
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1348-1351 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: monoamines ; analgesia ; stress ; auricular electroacupuncture
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; glycogen ; uridine ; extensibility
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: atrium ; myocardium ; stress ; adaptation
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  • 26
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1679-1681 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: myocardial infarction ; atrium ; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ; stress
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  • 27
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1692-1695 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; psychotropic drugs ; oxidative phosphorylation ; brain
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  • 28
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1716-1718 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; depression ; contractility of the heart
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  • 29
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1723-1726 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; adrenal gland ; phenazepam ; sodium hydroxybutyrate
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  • 30
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    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: tobacco ; virus infection ; ethylene ; salicylic acid ; stress ; cycloheximide ; actinomycin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) are induced in tobacco and other plant species by both biotic and abiotic agents, comprising necrotizing and non-necrotizing viruses, viroids, fungi, bacteria, specific physiological conditions and a variety of chemicals. Both ethephon and the natural precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, are good inducers and induction under all conditions investigated so far appears to be mediated by ethylene, except treatment with benzoic acid or its derivatives salicylic acid, aspirin, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Whereas the production of ethylene appears to result from a general reaction to stress, the mechanism by whicho-hydroxylated benzoic acids induced PRs is different. In ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ethephon induced PRs in both the treated and the untreated leaves at 20°C, but not at 32°C. However, salicylic acid induces PRs only in the treated leaves, but is as effective at 32°C as it is at 20°C. It has been proposed, therefore, that ethylene leads to the temperature-sensitive synthesis of a, presumably aromatic, compound that mimics the action of salicylic acid and functions as the natural inducer of PRs. The induction of PR 1a and 1b by salicylic acid or ethephon is blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D, whereas their accumulation upon TMV infection is inhibited up to 50% by actinomycin D. Actinomycin D similarly inhibits ethylene production in TMV-infected tobacco, supporting a role of ethylene in the induction of PRs in tobacco and indicating that ethylene acts by regulating the translation of the PR-mRNAs constitutively present but not translated in non-stimulated plants.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cypress swamp ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; periphytic algae ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both periphytic and planktonic algae are found in areas of the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (Virginia, U.S.A.). The dynamics of these algae were studied in a cypress stand and the periphytic algae appeared to be important as nutrient conservers. Clear temporal patterns in phytoplankton dominance were also observed.
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  • 32
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; temperature ; body weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the relation of the rate of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion by the planktonic rotifers to ambient temperature and individual body weights of these animals. The following formulas describing this relation were obtained: EP=0.0154 W−1.27 e0.096T EN=0.0879 W−1.01 e0.088 T, where EP and EN denote the rate of P and N excretion, respectively, in µg · mg dry wt−1 · h−1, W is body weight in µg dry weight, and T is temperature in °C.
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  • 33
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    Hydrobiologia 77 (1981), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Eutrophication ; pollution indicator ; mineral element ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Ulva lactuca ; Hong Kong
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amounts of tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and iron were estimated in the green alga Ulva lactuca L. collected from 9 rural and 14 urban littoral sites in the waters around Hong Kong Island during 1978 and 1979. The mean levels of tissue nitrogen and phosphorus were respectively 65% and 87% more in urban sites than in rural ones. Very significant correlation (r = 0.920) was found between the logarithmic concentration of seawater inorganic nitrogen and that of tissue nitrogen. The same applied to soluble reactive phosphorus in seawater and tissue phosphorus (r = 0.886). The levels of potassium, sodium and calcium in the alga were relatively uniform. However considerable variation in the level of iron was detected. The potential use of Ulva as an indicator species for eutrophication is discussed.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Urbanization ; hydrologic budget ; nutrient budget ; seasonal budget ; nitrogen ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Present day hydrologic and nutrient budgets have been measured and presettlement budgets estimated for a small urban watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The importance of different seasons and sources to the total loading were compared for past and present conditions. The seasonal budget revealed that while spring contributes the greatest loadings in both scenarios, summer exhibits the greatest change in loadings from past to present. As for sources this seepage lake receives most of its water and N from groundwater; however, most P comes from surface runoff. The greatest impact on the watershed since settlement appears to be the large increase in runoff matched by a decrease in evapotranspiration and subsurface flow. This shift in hydrology is largely responsible for the substantial increase in P loading and the decrease in the N : P ratio of total loading. The significance of the lake's modified morphometry to areal and volumetric loading is also explored.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient uptake ; nutrient storage
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of nitrogen (N) by waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was maximal when the culture solution contained a combination of 36 ppm N and 6,53 ppm phosphorus (P). N uptake was inhibited by increasing P or decreasing N in the culture medium. Uptake of P was stimulated by the elevation of either N or P or both. An increase of P above O ppm inhibited the accumulation of N. Similarly, the accumulation of P was enhanced by increasing levels of P but was reduced with increasing levels of N. Both N and P levels were always greatest in leaves; next highest in floats and lowest in roots. High tissue levels of these two nutrients and the capacity for nutrient removal from water by waterhyacinth indicates a possible role for this plant in the reduction of eutrophication in nutrient polluted waters as well as the use of harvested, dried tissue for fertilizer.
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  • 36
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    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: bioassays in situ ; algal growth ; nitrogen ; phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassays with water of eutrophic Lake Tjeukemeer were carried out in the laboratory, and, in the lake itself, by placing plexiglass tubes (∅ 9 cm) firmly in the mud. In the laboratory nitrogen had a strong growth-promoting effect on the concentrations of chlorophyll a, N-cell and COD-cell. In the bioassays in situ nitrogen increased the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not those of cellular N and cellular COD. It is argued that chlorophyll a is not a good indicator for algal growth in bioassays and that the extrapolation of laboratory experiments — where nitrogen limited algal growth — to the field situation — where light limited algal growth — often leads to erroneous results, especially in shallow eutrophic lakes. The main reason is probably that in bioassays in the laboratory the nutrient supply — both from external loading and from sediments — is often different and that processes like denitrification occur in the lake, but not in the bioassays.
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  • 37
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    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrient limitation ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton biomass ; tropical lakes ; Kenya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two of three Kenyan lakes studied between November 1979 and October 1980 have very short 33PO4 turnover times, indicating a high phosphorus (P) demand throughout the year. The P turnover time in Lakes Oloidien and Sonachi is as rapid as in the most P deficient temperate zone lakes. The third lake, Lake Naivasha, has a lower overall P demand and a wide seasonal range, with lowest demand between November 1979 and February 1980 when a P deficiency was unlikely. On an annual basis the Lake Naivasha status is, however, not statistically different from that recorded during the summer in Lake Memphremagog, a generally P-limited temperate zone lake. Lake Naivasha and Lake Oloidien fit well to the line of best fit for the Dillon-Rigler relationship relating total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a derived in temperate zone lakes. Thus, temperate zone models predicting aspects of lake behaviour on the basis of TP may also be applicable to these two tropical lakes. Saline lake Sonachi had not only a short P turnover time but also responded dramatically to the fertilization of enclosures with P. However, it does not fit the TP-chla or the total nitrogen-chla plots from the temperate zone. This suggests that, in this saline lake at least, much of the TP is unavailable to the algae, with some of it in a particulate form that is readily extracted with boiling water. The epilimnetic N:P ratios also characterize lakes Oloidien and Sonachi lakes as highly P deficient and lake Naivasha as more moderately P limited. A single set of measurements in Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria) also showed a rapid P turnover time and thus P limitation, but as in lake Sonachi much of the TP was in a non-algal particulate form. Occasional measurements in three other hypertrophic and saline lakes suggest them to be primarily light limited on the basis of their very high photosynthetic cover. These findings support the hypothesis of a primary P limitation for those lakes not light limited, and contradicts literature suggestions that nitrogen is the primary limiting element in tropical lakes.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; allelopathy ; chlorogenic acid ; seedling growth ; plant debris ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When added to soil,Helianthus annuus debris from plants grown under various nutrient stresses in the greenhouse and field had a significant negative effect onAmaranthus retroflexus seedling dry weight production. The regression models for dry weight versus total phenolic compounds and the variation in N, P, and K contents of theHelianthus debris were significant. It was possible to partially simulate debris inhibition ofA. retroflexus seedling dry weight production when chlorogenic acid alone was added to the soil instead ofHelianthus debris. The inhibition ofAmaranthus growth byHelianthus debris and chlorogenic acid was not evident when nutrient solution was applied to the soil.
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  • 39
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; fertilization ; Norway spruce ; quartz-porphyry site ; reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth of young Norway spruce plantations on quartz-porphyry sites can be improved by applying phosphorus fertilizer as this acid parent rock is extremely poor in phosphorus. If fertilization is performed in connection with reforestation, the increment in height and volume of the developing crop increases for a period of about ten years. Additional liming prolongs the duration of the P-fertilization effect up to 20 years. Liming stabilizes phosphorus in an available form in the humus layer and upper soil horizon. Nitrogen deficiency occurs only 10 to 15 years after planting and N applied up to then has no positive effect on spruce growth.
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  • 40
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    Journal of statistical physics 25 (1981), S. 645-662 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Balance laws ; materials with internal degrees of freedom ; stress ; spin ; couple stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The balance laws for micromorphic continua of degree 1 are derived by means of classical statistical mechanics. The equations derived by Eringenet al. [Continuum Physics, Vol. IV (Academic, New York, 1976)] are obtained in a slightly generalized form. Explicit expressions for the stress, the couple stress, the spin production, and the heat flux are given in terms of microscopical variables.
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  • 41
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    Hydrobiologia 107 (1983), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lake waters ; organic matter ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The increase of inorganic nitrogen subsequent to the addition of organic matter was investigated in replicate lake-water aliquots. Two experiments used freshly killed bacteria as the organic addition. In both, inorganic nitrogen in the water column increased only after a lag period following the organic addition, and only if the amount of organic matter added exceeded a threshold value. Two other experiments used freshly killed algae as the organic addition; in these, neither the lag period nor the threshold value were seen. A qualitative explanation for these observations is offered.
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  • 42
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    Hydrobiologia 83 (1981), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; streams ; deserts ; nutrient limitation ; production ; Arizona
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen to phosphorus ratios and concentrations of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate are presented for an array of Southwestern streams as evidence that nitrogen is the limiting nutrient where such limitation occurs. Nitrate uptake in sections of intermittent streams was attributable to autotrophic activity. Uptake of soluble reactive phosphate was unrelated to any indicator of autotrophic activity, thus concentrations of this nutrient in desert and semi-desert stream waters may be controlled by other factors.
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  • 43
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    Hydrobiologia 99 (1983), S. 207-214 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ammonification ; aquatic macrophyte ; decomposition ; Nasturtium officinale ; nitrification ; nitrogen ; stream ecology ; watercress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the decomposition of watercress in the laboratory at 10° and 20 °C, and in the field. Rates varied from 0.058 g g−1 day−1 in the laboratory to 0.115 g g−1 day−1 in the field. There was a rapid generation of particles of size 〈500 µm. It is thought that washout of these from the litterbags in the field accounted for high field decomposition rate. Formation of dissolved nitrogen compounds during decomposition followed a time series from NH inf4 sup+ to NO in2 sup− to NO inf3 sup− withdissolved organic nitrogen accumulating at the end of decomposition. Ammonification rates were 480 and 657 g NH4-N g−1 (dry wt) day−1 and nitrification rates on the decomposing tissue were 640 and 571 µg NO3-N g−1 (dry wt) day−1 at 10° and 20 °C respectively. Fifty-six per cent of the initial plant N was regenerated as NO3-N 21% as DON and 25% remained as refractory particulate N.
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  • 44
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    Hydrobiologia 85 (1981), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: chemical composition ; eutrophication ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Phragmites australis ; Scottish lochs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Monthly levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron in the organs (root, rhizome, stem, leaf and panicle) of Phragmites australis were determined from March to November, 1975 in Forfar Loch (polytrophic), Balgavies Loch (eutrophic) and Loch of the Lowes (mesotrophic), Scotland. Generally no consistent seasonal changes in the mineral levels were detected for the root, rhizome and panicle. For the stem and leaf, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium rose to a peak before declining for the rest of the season. Consistently higher levels of tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were found in the Forfar plants over those of Balgavies and Lowes, reflecting the very eutrophic condition in Forfar Loch. The mineral compositions in the reeds in the present study were compared with similar studies in other areas.
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  • 45
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    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 245-254 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: pathogenesis ; stress ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The main properties of ‘pathogenesis-related’ proteins induced inNicotiana species during hypersensitive reactions to different pathogens, as well as by chemical or physical treatments, are listed. These properties are compared with those of similar protein compounds occurring in other plant species in similar circumstances. The plants include cucumber, cowpea,Gomphrena globosa kidney bean,Gynura aurantiaca, tomato, potato, citron and celery. Similarities with other proteins normally occurring in plants, such as proteinase inhibitors, are considered. Analogies and differences with proteins induced in plants by environmental stresses, and with the ‘antiviral factors’ and the ‘inhibitor of viral replication’ occurring inNicotiana species are briefly discussed.
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