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  • Calcium  (21)
  • Wheat  (20)
  • Lepidoptera
  • Springer  (54)
  • 1980-1984  (54)
  • 1980  (54)
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  • Springer  (54)
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  • 1980-1984  (54)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on rat calvaria cAMP content (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calvarium ; cAMP ; Vitamin D3 metabolites ; Calcium ; Parathyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Results from in vitro works suggest that 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3) act on bone via different mechanisms. The present investigation was performed to study the effect of these two metabolites and of their precursor 25-hyxdroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3) on bone cAMP content in vitro. Rats' paired half calvaria were incubated under sterile conditions with one vitamin D3 derivative (10−13 to 10−9 M) or with ethanol (0.005 ml for 15 min to 24 h in 1 ml medium containing 0, 0.2, 1, 2, or 3 mM calcium. In some experiments: (a) cycloheximide (10−5M) was added simultaneously with the vitamin D3 metabolites; (b) 1–84 bPTH (5 × 10−8 M) was added for 5 or 15 min at the end of the 24 h incubation. Calvaria were immersed in 1 ml TCA 5% 4°C and homogenized. The cAMP was extracted with diethylether and measured by a competitive protein binding assay. Results bring further evidence for a particular effect of low doses of 24,25-(OH)2D3 (10−9 to 10−12M) and of 25-(OH)D3 (10−9 to 10−11M) on bone, different from that of 1,25-(OH)2D3: cAMP content was higher in 24,25-(OH)2D3- or 25-(OH)D3-treated and lower in 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated calvaria than in ethanol-treated ones with 1 mM calcium. The 1,25-(OH)2D3 effect persisted in calcium-free medium whereas 25-(OH)D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 effects could not be observed with 0 mM nor with 3 mM calcium. The required duration of the preincubation (over 1 h) as well as the inhibitory action of cycloheximide may suggest an involvement of protein synthesis in the vitamin D3 metabolites effects. Neither 1,25-(OH)2D3 nor 24,25-(OH)2D3 affected the PTH-induced increase in bone cAMP content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408630
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of magnesium ion on parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Magnesium ; Parathyroid hormone ; Secretion ; In vitro ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In a well-defined in vitro perifusion system, the effects of extracellular magnesium concentration (Mg) on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by bovine parathyroid tissue were examined. At Mg less than 0.8 mM, the ability of the glands to secrete hormone maximally in response to low calcium (Ca) stimulation was progressively impaired. Low Mg also impaired the ability of isoproterenol, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline to stimulate hormone release. The defect in hormone release at low Mg observed in vitro was analogous to the well-documented inhibition of secretion observed in vivo. Increases in Mg from 0 to 0.8 mM rapidly repaired the defect in hormone secretion. At Mg above 1.0 mM there was a Ca-like effect on hormone release, with a progressive decrease in secretion at increased Mg. Although its mechanism is not yet clear, the low Mg effect appears to impair principally the process of hormone release rather than its biosynthesis or storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood/bone disequilibrium: IV. Reciprocal effects of calcium and phosphate concentrations on ion fluxes (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Ion influxes ; Calcium ; Phosphate ; Exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quantitative measurements were made of the ion fluxes of calcium and phosphate into and from calvaria (mouse or rat) when clamped in specially designed micro-Ussing chambers. The effects of varying concentrations of calcium were examined on the influx and efflux of calcium and of its counterion, phosphate. A comparable series of experiments was performed with varying phosphate concentrations. Both ions, as their concentrations increased, depressed their own influx, increased their own efflux, and significantly increased the equilibrium concentration, E/K, supported by the calvaria. Similarly, both ions, as their concentrations increased, affected the influx or efflux of their counterion only slightly but did depress the counterion's equilibrium level, E/K, significantly. In spite of these changes it was shown that calvaria effectively buffered the medium at physiological concentrations of calcium and phosphate. The buffering capacity, however, was small, and the balance, E/K, was modified by small uptake or loss of either ion. The small size of the interacting mineral pool was confirmed by direct measurement of the rapidly exchanging fractions of both calcium or phosphate. They were only ∼1% of the total ions present. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408546
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a bone resorptive factor from human cancer ascites fluid on rat bone cell calcium and cyclic AMP (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone cells ; Cyclic AMP ; Calcium ; Ascites fluid resorptive protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of a bone resorptive protein isolated from human cancer ascites fluid on bone cell calcium and cyclic AMP were studied with fetal rat cells. The osteoclast-activating factor increased bone cell calcium uptake at 37°C and 4°C with no direct effects on calcium efflux. Concentrations of the resorptive factor that increased in vitro bone resorption and cell calcium uptake had no effect on cyclic AMP. The effects of the protein on calcium uptake were not specific for bone cells, and large increases were also observed in isolated fetal rat skin cells. These studies suggest that increases in the permeability of the cell membrane to calcium are involved in the mechanism of action of the ascites fluid resorptive protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408627
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pyrophosphate and diphosphonates on the dissolution of hydroxyapatites using a flow system (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydroxyapatite ; Dissolution ; Pyrophosphate, Diphosphonates ; Calcium ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Pyrophosphate and diphosphonate ions have been said to diminish the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals, because they lower the equilibrium concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the bulk solution around hydroxyapatite crystals in a closed system. However, in a closed system these effects are not necessarily due to an effect on dissolution alone. In this paper we have used a continuous flow system to study the effects of pyrophosphate and two diphosphonates, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and dichloromethane diphosphonate, on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite. All three compounds decreased markedly the rate of dissolution of hydroxyapatite as well as the exchangeable pools of calcium and phosphate ions around the cystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407176
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology in magnesium deficient rats (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Magnesium ; Bone ; Calcium ; Parathyroid gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology were studied in weanling rats fed a low (70 ppm) magnesium diet for 2–21 days. The rats developed significant, progressive hypercalcemia after 6 days on the diet. The increase in blood calcium was accompanied by progressive hypoactivity of the parathyroid gland (PTG), as determined by histologic and morphometric analyses. Thus hyperactivity of the PTG could not have been responsible for the hypercalcemia observed. Histologic examination of femora and humeri from magnesium-deficient rats showed progressive subperiosteal hyperplasia, consisting of undifferentiated osteoprogenitor cells and fibrous tissue, after 7 days of deficiency. The presence of unmineralized osteoid tissue in the metaphyses indicated that mineralization was not proceeding normally. The alterations in differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, together with the failure of mineralization, resulted in significantly lower rates of bone formation (as measured by fluorochrome labeling) in the magnesium-deficient rats. Basophilic cementing lines and inactive osteocytes in the cortices of bones from magnesium-deficient rats indicated that bone resorption was also severely reduced in magnesium deficiency. We postulate that bone magnesium depletion (66% by day 21) has a direct negative effect on osteoblastic and osteocytic activity, and may explain, in part, the decreased responsiveness of bone to parathyroid hormone (PTH) that has been observed in magnesium-deficient animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407186
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic dentinogenesis in the rabbit incisor: Allometric aspects (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentin ; Periodicity ; Allometry ; Calcium ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have described differences in the aspects of biological rhythms for calcium and sulfur deposition on the labial and lingual sides of the growing rabbit incisor, where growth occurs along a spiral axis. The calcium oscillations appear to be smoother on the labial side than on the lingual side. The lingual side is characterized by high-frequency rhythms with high amplitudes which possess the greatest percent of the power (Fourier analysis). These observations also reflect a difference in behavior of the mean Ca concentration across the labial and lingual sides. Sulfur rhythms on the labial side have higher amplitudes than those on the lingual side, but systematic differences in distribution of power between high and low frequencies is not as pronounced as in the case of Ca. The differences in Ca rhythms reflect differences in the growth rates of incisors on either side of the spiral axis. The labial side grows slightly faster than the lingual side, and its odontoblasts secrete Ca along the spiral axis and toward the pulp cavity at the same time. Thus the resultant direction of growth is more nearly opposite the extension of the occlusal end on the labial side, and Ca is consequently deposited over a wider area relative to that on the lingual surfaces. On the lingual side, Ca is deposited within a more limited area, and growth must therefore be continuous at high frequencies. The distribution of Ca on both sides of the tooth reflects these differences in growth rate and periodicity in two ways. First, given a unit area of tooth, the calcium concentration on the labial side is less than that of the lingual side. Second, whereas the calcium concentration on the labial side declines rapidly from the enamel-dentin junction to the pulp cavity, it is uniformly high across the lingual side because its growth is more continuous at high frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 on the rachitic chick intestine: A comparison to the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1α-Hydroxy vitamin D3 ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Calcium ; Transport ; Intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The timed sequence of events following the oral administration of 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 (1αOHD3) to rachitic chicks was compared to that following a comparable dose of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). RNA polymerase activity was maximally increased 20% by 1αOHD3 within 1 to 2 h and returned to control values after 8 h. Alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by 4 h and was maximal (3- to 5-fold increase) at 24 h. Calcium binding protein (CaBP) was detected initially within epithelial cells at the proximal end of the villus (just above the crypt) 6 to 8 h after 1αOHD3 administration, in epithelial cells lining the proximal half of the villus by 24 h, and in epithelial cells along nearly the entire villus by 48 h. At no time did goblet cells contain CaBP. Serum calcium concentrations were significantly elevated in 2 h and maximal by 12 h (an increase of 3.6 mg/dl). Calcium accumulation by the intestinal mucosa in vitro was increased by 6 to 8 h and maximal (60% increase over controls) at 24 h. Phosphate accumulation by the intestinal mucosa in vitro was increased by 6 h and maximal (105% increase over controls) between 8 and 24 h. 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CaBP and calcium accumulation by 4 h, 2 h sooner than did 1αOHD3. 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased serum calcium levels and increased serum phosphate levels at 2 h unlike 1αOHD3. No difference in the effects of these compounds on alkaline phosphatase activity, RNA polymerase activity, and phosphate accumulation could be demonstrated. These results are consistent with the possibility that 1αOHD3 may not require conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3 for all of its biological effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408517
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro perifusion for the study of parathyroid hormone secretion: Effects of extracellular calcium concentration and beta-adrenergic regulation on bovine parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Perifusion ; Parathyroid hormone ; In vitro ; Calcium ; Beta regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary An in vitro perifusion system was used to study parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in response to calcium (Ca) and beta-adrenergic agents. Perifused parathyroid tissue responded to changes in Ca within the physiologic range during experiments up to 5 h. There was rapid secretory stimulation after exposure to low Ca, with the maximum response being observed at 20 min. Normal bovine glands showed a Ca-independent nonsuppressible component of PTH release at concentrations of Ca above physiologic. 1-isoproterenol produced rapid stimulation of PTH release, the response being blocked by a beta antagonist. The maximum secretory response to either low Ca (0.5 mM) or 1-isoproterenol (10−5 M) was enhanced when the two stimuli were applied simultaneously. The response to isoproterenol was blocked by raising Ca to 2.5 mM. Although d,l-propranolol (10−4 M) caused mild suppression of PTH release at a Ca of 1.25 mM, it did not cause additional suppression at 2.5 mM Ca nor did it decrease the response to 0.5 mM Ca stimulation. The secretory response of the gland to low Ca was sustained at a level more than double the baseline rate. The response to isoproterenol was more transient, with a return to or toward baseline secretion within 60 min. These results suggest that beta agonists and low Ca have separate but related mechanisms for stimulating PTH release and may affect different pools of hormone. The perifusion system described is a relatively simple technique for assessing the kinetics and interactions of various stimulators of PTH secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408518
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic dentinogenesis in the rabbit incisor: Circadian, ultradian, and infradian periods (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 29-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rabbit ; Dentin ; Calcium ; Sulfur ; Periodicity ; Circadian ; Ultradian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have identified a variety of biological rhythms involved in the apposition and mineralization of dentin in the rabbit incisor. Animals were injected during the day or night with lead acetate at 2-week intervals—to provide biological time markers in forming dentin—and transverse undecalcified sections of the lower incisors were prepared for electron microprobe analysis. The positions of the lead markers were identified, and the continuous distribution of calcium and sulfur was measured at 1 µm intervals between the markers. In thin sections stained with hematoxylin after decalcification, the widths of a series of structural increments (bands) were measured with an ocular micrometer. Fourier analysis of the data revealed spectra of structural and compositional rhythms with a range of periodicities which extended from a matter of hours [ultradian (〈24 h)] to days [infradian (〉24 h) and circadian (approximately 24 h)]. The structural and compositional rhythms appeared to be independent to the extent that they did not necessarily have the same periods, or amplitudes. Nor were there simple phase relationships between all of the rhythms. At some times, Ca and S fluctuations are inversely proportional (180° out of phase), but in other cases they are directly proportional or out of phase by varying degrees other than 180°. The analyses thus suggest that calcium and sulfur deposition (representing mineral and glycosaminoglycan deposition, respectively) are not simply inversely proportional, and that the hematoxylin-stained structural increments did not solely reflect differences in the distribution of the mineral components in dentin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408519
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the mandibular condylar growth cartilage of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Calcium ; Cartilage ; Vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The potassium pyroantimonate technique was utilized for the selective subcellular localization of calcium in the mandibular condylar cartilage of 1-day-old rats. Electron dense calcium pyroantimonate precipitates were localized principally in mitochondria and at the cell membrane of the chondrocytes. In addition, small intracellular vesicles 0.1–0.2µm in diameter were observed in proximity to the cell membrane of chondrocytes of the mid-hypertrophic zone. The results suggest that these vesicles were being extruded from the cell into the extracellular matrix. Energy-dispersive analysis by X-rays confirmed that calcium is the principal cation of the electron-dense precipitates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408603
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air permeation tests with orfralure for reduction in trap catch of oriental fruit moths (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oriental fruit moth ; orfralure ; sex pheromone ; traps ; air permeation with pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Orfralure [93% (Z), 7% (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate], the synthetic pheromone of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Busck), was released into the air of orchard test plots either by hanging plastic laminated dispensers on trees or by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Trap catch was reduced 95% or more with the most effective formulations, but consistently higher reductions were produced by the dispensers. In tests as long as 28 weeks with dispensers, a single retreatment at midseason maintained an effective concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987537
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of some olfactory receptors of the eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) to leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olfactory receptors ; chemoreception ; Lepidoptera ; Lasio-campidae ; plant volatiles ; tent caterpillars ; Malacosoma americanum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents of leaves of acceptable and unacceptable plants evoke multiunit responses from the antennal olfactory sensilla of larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar. Electrophysiological investigation of the activities of three of the sixteen antennal olfactory receptors revealed that different combinations of the three responded to the various plants. In those instances where the same combination responded to more than one species of plant, the ratios of responses measured as frequency of action potentials were often different. Thus, discrimination of different plants theoretically could be based upon the absolute number of cells responding and/or the ratios of frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987540
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the armyworm,Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Armyworm ; Mythimna unipuncta ; Pseudaletia unipuncta ; Leucania unipuncta ; Cirphis unipuncta ; Lepidoptera ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate ; hexadecan-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11–16∶Ac) free of theE isomer (〈1%), hexadecan-1-ol acetate (16∶ Ac), and a hexadecen-1-ol [the (Z)-11 isomer based on the retention time on a Carbowax capillary column] were identified in extracts of the sex pheromone glands of adult virgin female armyworms,Pseudaletia unipuncta. Also, gas Chromatographic retention times on polar and nonpolar columns indicated the possible presence of (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–16∶Ac). The ratioZ11–16∶Ac/16∶Ac/Z11–16∶OH/Z9–16∶Ac was 1∶0.15∶0.13∶0.02. Infield testsZ11–16∶ Ac was attractive alone, and the addition ofZ9–16∶Ac,Zll–16 ∶ OH, or 16 ∶ Ac singly or in combination in ratios found in the gland did not increase trap capture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987668
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutenin subunits of genetically related European hexaploid wheat cultivars: Their relation to bread-making quality (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263099
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rye chromosome translocations in hexaploid wheat: a re-evaluation of the loss of heterochromatin from rye chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264422
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aneuploid analysis of low molecular weight gliadins from wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264427
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265174
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  • 19
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    PAS-positive cells of the pars intermedia are calcium-sensitive in the goldfish maintained in a hyposmotic milieu (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Pars intermedia ; Calcium ; Deionized water ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytological changes in the pars intermedia of the goldfish were investigated after adding calcium to deionized water (DW). In fish maintained in DW, the PAS-positive cells are highly stimulated in comparison to cells of fish kept in fresh water (FW). In DW supplemented with calcium at the same concentration as in FW (2 mM/l), the hyperactivity of the PAS-positive cells is prevented. When calcium ions are added 60 h before the animals are sacrificed, the PAS positive cells start to show signs of regression and their granules are stored: the release of the granular material appears to be suppressed by calcium. In the goldfish, the PAS-positive cells, homologous to a similar cell type in the eel, react only very weakly with the PAS technique. The name “calcium-sensitive cells” appears to be more appropriate in the goldfish for this particular cell type, secreting an unknown factor. This factor, different from the prolactin produced in the rostral pars distalis of the hypophysis, might be an equivalent of a “hypercalcin”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234030
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    Pinocytosis and locomotion of amoebae (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinocytosis ; Calcium ; Chlorotetracycline ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Amoeba proteus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of Ca++ during induced pinocytosis were studied in Amoeba proteus using chlorotetracycline (CTC). The fluorescence of the Ca++ -CTC-complex was monitored by an image intensification system, which has certain advantages over standard equipment: (1) Living cells are not subjected to the damaging influence of intensive microscopic illumination, (2) fluorescent probes are not bleached during observation, and (3) the rapid dynamics of Ca++-fluxes can be recorded using short exposure times. The results demonstrate the existence of Ca++ bound to intracellular and extracellular sites of the cell membrane complex in normal locomoting and pinocytoting Amoeba proteus. The application of cations inducing pinocytosis causes a rapid decrease in the external CTC-fluorescence probably due to a release of Ca++ from the mucous layer. The degree of fluorescence intensity is correlated with the capacity of pinocytotic channel formation, i.e., the fluorescence decreases as the number of channels increases. During the phase of vesiculation a distinct fluorescence mainly restricted to the basal region of the channels is observed. Intracellular Ca++ was detected in close vicinity to the plasma membrane after both microinjection and external application of CTC. The internal CTC-fluorescence is slightly decreased during the induction phase of pinocytosis. The observations are in good agreement with previous results on the localization of Ca++-binding sites at the plasma membrane of Amoeba proteus and demonstrate the important role of Ca++-fluxes for the process of pinocytosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236916
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    Purification of lumicolchicine for use in studies of plant development (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Colchicine ; Lumicolchicine ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lumicolchicine was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Tests for purity were ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, analytical thin-layer chromatography, and a bioassay using wheat roots. Wheat roots treated for 3 days with 10−3 M lumicolchicine showed no c-mitosis, but had reduced growth compared with controls.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276669
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    Assimilation of uranium by wheat and tomato plants (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Assimilation ; Deficiency ; Irrigation ; Soil ; Tomato ; Toxicity ; Uranium concentration ; Wheat ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Greenhouse conditions have been used for the study of uptake of uranium by wheat and tomato plants as affected by its concentration in soil and irrigation applied. The highest yield of wheat was obtained at 3.0 ppm of uranium whereas the tomato yield decreased with the increase of uranium in the soil. The analysis shows that Uranium uptake by wheat and tomato not only depends upon the uranium concentration in the soil but also on the amount of irrigation applied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149708
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    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 77-94 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nutrients ; Oxygen ; Roots ; Soil ; Toxins ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of waterlogging on concentrations of gases and various solutes dissolved in the soil water were investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether the early disruption to the growth of wheat was most closely associated with depletion of dissolved oxygen, accumulation of toxins, or changes in concentrations of nutrient ions in the soil water. Waterlogging slowed shoot fresh weight accumulation, leaf extension and nodal root growth; it also caused death of the seminal root system and early senescence of the lower leaves. However, the shoot dry weight initially increased above that of the non-waterlogged controls, and thus was not a reliable indicator of the early restriction to plant growth and development. The symptoms of damage to shoots and roots were attributed to the fall in soil oxygen concentrations, rather than to any decrease in concentration of inorganic nutrients in the soil water, or to the accumulation of any other measured solutes to toxic concentrations.
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    Root exudates of plants (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 69-83 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Concentration gradient ; Exudates ; Pseudomonas putida ; Root exudation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The release of substances from wheat roots was found to be directly related to the growth of the root system. Plants whose root system did not grow released almost no exudates. When exudate concentration in the vicinity of the roots was lowered by frequent replacements of the nutrient solution or by a simultaneous cultivation of exudate-utilizing bacteria, the release of exudates was enhanced. In axenic wheat cultures, the amount of exudates during a 12-day cultivation with 2- or 4-day intervals between medium replacements represented 50% of root dry weight and 12% of whole plant dry weight. Wheat plants cultivated in the presence of the bacteriumPseudomonas putida released up to double the amount of exudates compared with axenic variants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139643
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    Effect of soil temperature alteration by soil covers on seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sown on two dates (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mulch ; Polyethylene sheet ; Seedling emergence ; Soil temperature ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil temperature altered by various ways of soil coveringviz control (T1), transparent polyethylene (T2), black polyethylene (T3), rice straw (T4), rice straw applied only during night (T5) and farm yard manure (T6) on seedling emergence of wheat sown on November 30, 1978 and January 6, 1979. Maximum increase in soil temperature occurred under transparent polyethylene cover. Temperature alterations were relatively smaller under other treatments and was minimum under farm yard manure cover. With both sowings, the effect of various ways of soil covering on seedling emergence depended on the magnitude of soil temperature alteration caused by them. It was hastened markedly under transparent polyethylene cover and only slightly under black polyethylene cover. Continuous soil covering with rice straw slowed down seedling emergence while covering only during night hastened it slightly. Farm yard manure cover showed negligible effect on seedling emergence. Seedling emergence response to an increase in soil temperature was higher with second sowing when temperature was relatively lower than with first sowing. The result suggests the possibility of expediting seedling emergence of wheat sown under low temperature condition by transparent polyethylene cover. Seedling emergence was only slightly influenced by other soil covers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139648
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    Effects of acid irrigation and liming on two clones of Norway spruce (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 305-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Acid precipitation ; Calcium ; Calcium carbonate ; Clone ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Picea abies ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sulphate ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of acid irrigation on the growth of rooted cuttings ofPicea abies (L.) Karst, was investigated in a pot experiment lasting 3 years. It involved two clones of Norway spruce, H 253 Bogstad I and H 254 Bogstad II. Irrigation water of pH 5.4, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.5 was used. Liming was included in the experiment. After the experimental period, the plants of all treatments were growing reasonably well. However, those plants irrigated at pH 2.5 were slightly discoloured. The plant mortality was only 3% throughout the experiment, and was not connected to acid irrigation. The limiting growth factor was N. All other nutrient elements measured in the plants were close to optimal concentration. Plants irrigated at pH 2.5, and to some extent at pH 3, contained excessively high concentrations of Al, t-S and SO4. The total amount of Ca, Fe and Mn taken up by the plants decreased with increasing soil acidity. The increased growth of clone H 254 relative to H 253, produces a corresponding impression on soil characteristics. Soil acidity is governed by acid irrigation and CaCO3 application, but the clonal effects are also of importance. Norway spruce appears to be tolerant to Al concentrations as high as 50 mmol/kg in the needles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211689
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    Elemental concentrations in plant tissues as influenced by low pH soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid mine drainage ; Aluminum ; Betula nigra ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Plant tissue analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soils influenced by acid mine drainage (pH〈5.0) are characterized by low concentrations of essential nutrients and increased solubility of heavy metals. The conditions typically reduce plant establishment and growth. However, river birch (Betula nigra L.) is commonly found along low pH streams in southeastern Ohio. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of Al, Mn, Ca and Mg inB. nigra tissues. The results indicate Al and Mn are accumulating inB. nigra when compared to other species. Within river birch, Al concentrations are highest in roots; Mn concentrations are highest in leaves. There is not a concomitant reduction in Ca and Mg concentrations as suggested by soil levels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149720
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    Assessment of a rapid method, using soil cores, for estimating the amount and distribution of crop roots in the field (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Cereals ; Root distribution ; Root growth ; Soil ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was made of the relationship between the number of roots (Nr) observed on unit area of the freshly exposed, horizontal faces of soil cores, and the amounts of roots (per unit volume) present in the same cores. Soil cores, 7 cm diameter, were extracted to depths of 1 m from cereal crops in 1976 at three field sites located on clay soils. Sampling was either at the start of stem elongation, or at anthesis. Estimates of root length per unit soil volume (L) were derived from Nr by assuming random orientation of roots in the soil. Values of L were found to be highly correlated with the measured lengths of both the main roots (root axes) and the total roots (axes and laterals) washed from the soil at a given growth stage, for each of the soils. On average, L was 3.3 times the length of root axes washed from the soil, and was 0.42 times the length of total roots, but there was appreciable variation between different growth stages and field sites. Possible factors giving rise to differences between L and the measured lengths of roots are discussed. Estimates of root length from observation of soil cores may nonetheless provide a suitable basis for rapidly comparing therelative distribution of roots down the soil profile under field conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181809
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    Optimized conditions for sex attractant trapping of male redbacked cutworm moths,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; trapping ; redbacked cutworm moth ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mixtures of (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates in ratios 〉100∶1 are powerful, specific sex attractants for redbacked cutworm male moths. Bioactive lures were produced by admixture of these pure compounds or through syntheses involving catalytic bond shifting. Best field trapping was obtained with 200∶1 (Z)-5∶(Z)-7 ratio, at lure doses (on rubber) of 0.1–2.0 mg, using cone swivel traps with 10- to 13-mm orifices, or Pherocon® 1-CP sticky traps, at a height of 50–90 cm. The pheromone traps were more efficient than large blacklight traps and captured the various morphological forms of the moth in similar ratios.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987670
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    Sex pheromone of the woodbine leafroller moth,Sparganothis sp. (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 797-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Sparganothis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ylacetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ylacetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the woodbine leafroller,Sparganothis sp., includes (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, based on chemical analysis of gland extracts, electroantennogram tests, and field trapping. Highest trap catches were obtained when these compounds were dispensed in the relative proportions observed in the female gland. (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate also was found in gland extracts, but significantly reduced trap catches. The saturated compounds tetradecan-1-ol and tetradecan-1-yl acetate were found in gland extracts as well, but were not tested. The amounts of these compounds per female gland were 127, 93, 17, 20, 25, and 3 ng, in the order named.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990404
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    Models for dispersal of vapors in open and confined spaces: Applications to sex pheromone trapping in a warehouse (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 929-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; attractance ; behavioral threshold ; Plodia interpunctella ; Indian meal moth ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; orientation ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methods are presented for mathematically determining dispersal of a vapor in still air, in turbulent air of zero average velocity, and in turbulent or laminar air currents of constant, nonzero average velocity. The methods are combined with several assumptions about insect behavior to derive an insect attraction model that predicts: (1) In a warehouse a searching insect is likely to be attracted to a calling insect if it comes within an attraction sphere, 0.4–2.5 m in radius. (2) The attraction spaces of typical sex pheromone-baited traps that emit pheromone at rates greater than 0.01 ng/sec extend beyond the boundaries of a 10 × 10 × 10-m warehouse. (3) The searching behavior of an attracted insect is likely to be altered from an extensive to an intensive pattern if it comes within an altered-behavior sphere, 6–60 cm from a calling insect or within 10 m of a trap emitting 0.76 ng/sec. (4) Pheromone does not sink unless it is emitted along with a large amount of a high-vapor pressure solvent. The model is used in support of several hypotheses, including: (1) The effect of an adsorptive surface on the vapor concentration after an extended period of emission is negligible except at positions near the surface. (2) Sex pheromone-baited traps with sources of small dimensions have greater trapping efficiency than otherwise identical traps with sources of large dimensions.
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    Identification of sex pheromone components of redbacked cutworm,Euxoa ochrogaster, and modification of sex attractant blend for adult males (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Electroantennographic detector ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; identification ; mass chromatograms ; mass spectrometry ; redbacked cutworm ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone washes from calling female moths of redbacked cutworm,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), contained the following acetates that are structurally similar to those of known lepidopteran pheromones (%): decanyl (8.7), dodecanyl (8.5), (E)-5-dodecenyl (3.3), (Z)-5-dodecenyl (76.4), (Z)-7-dodecenyl (3.1), and (Z)-9-dodecenyl (trace〈0.5%). This is the first time that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate has been identified as a pheromone component. Three types of specific receptor cells were found in the male antennae, and they responded to (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates, respectively. Strong electroantennographic detector responses were also recorded for these three acetates and for (Z)-5-undecenyl acetate. The evidence for the presence of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate in the pheromone washes was inconclusive. The presence of (Z)-7- and the absence of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetates were confirmed by a special electroantennographic detector technique in which the detector antennae were from males of other species that were known to have strong responses to these acetates. This is a very useful technique. Field results show that low concentrations (0.1–1.3%) of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate were synergistic when tested in a previously reported blend, but 6% was inhibitory. Similarly, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate at 2% or less may be essential for the attraction of males, but in previous tests at 14% it also was inhibitory. Species-specific attractant blends for redbacked cutworm males are described.
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    Odor of a papilionid butterfly (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male scent ; Atrophaneura alcinous ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; benzaldehyde ; phenylacetaldehyde ; 2-phenylpropenal ; n-heptanal ; 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde (major component), 2-phenylpropenal,n-heptanal, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and linalool were identified as compounds responsible for the male scent ofAtrophaneura alcinous alcinous. These substances were present predominantly in the wings, and the quantity of them was largest at the inner margin of the hind wing. Female wings also contained some of them in much smaller (except a few components) amounts. The relative proportion of each component exhibited manifests sexual differences.
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    Anemotactic response threshold of the Indian meal moth,Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to its sex pheromone (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 919-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; anemotaxis ; Plodia interpunctella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; behavioral threshold ; behavioral alteration threshold ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Indian meal moth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different concentrations of the sex pheromone (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate on the upwind anemotactic behavior of the malePlodia interpunctella (Hübner) was measured at 23 ± 1 ° C and 34 ± 1 ° C. The stimulus-response regression lines were analyzed by a new procedure that accounts both for control responses in the absence of pheromone and also for peak responses below 100% in the presence of concentrations considerably above the normal physiological levels. From the regression line for each temperature, the upwind anemotactic thresholds were calculated to be 1.34 × 106 molecules/cm3 at 23 ° C and 1.65 × 104 molecules/cm3 at 34 ° C, similar to other thresholds reported in the literature. Since departures from the two lines occurred at the highest concentrations tested, near 108 molecules/cm3, the upwind anemotactic behavior may change qualitatively above an altered-behavior threshold that is about two orders of magnitude higher than the upwind anemotactic threshold. The lower response at 23 ° C suggests that cool temperatures inhibit flight in response to pheromonal stimulation.
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    An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 727-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; drought tolerance ; germination ; seedling growth ; water stress selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance. Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media. Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars. Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water. Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile. Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from −5.9 to −11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress. It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica. Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.
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    Studies on biological decomposition of wheat straw (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Groundnut ; Soil properties ; Wheat ; Wheat straw ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of undecomposed wheat straw in the soil along-with the micro-organisms favourably increased the yield of groundnut crop. An increase of 37 per cent in yield was recorded when wheat straw was inoculated withPenicillium digitatum and the C:P ratio was adjusted to 65. Inoculated treatments of narrower C:P ratio gave a higher yield than wider C:P ratio treatments inoculated with the same cultures. An increase in nitrogen uptake by groundnut plants was recorded due to incorporation of straw alongwith the micro-organisms in soil. The organic carbon and nitrogen content of the soil increased with all the treatments except control. The highest increase in organic carbon and nitrogen of the soil was observed with a treatment of wheat straw of 65 C:P ratio inoculated withS. coccosporum. The yield of wheat crop after groundnut was significantly more with several treatments than control plots. The highest increase of 79 per cent in grain yield of wheat was observed in the plots previouslq received with wheat straw of 200 C:P ratio.
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    Growth and development of root systems of winter cereals grown after different tillage methods including direct drilling (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 283-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Clay soils ; Cultivations ; Direct drilling ; Earthworms ; Root growth ; Root sampling ; Soil water content ; Soil structure ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method is described for rapidly estimating the depth of penetration and density of roots of cereal crops under field conditions. Counts of living roots, traversing horizontal faces of soil cores, were made for winter wheat growing on direct-drilled and ploughed land. The rate of penetration of roots of winter wheat in a clay and a sandy loam soil averaged 5 mm per day throughout winters without extremes of cold or wet. Death of roots near the soil surface occurred wilst others continued downward penetration. The rate of root elongation was slower during prolonged periods when the soil was wet and faster,i.e. to greater depths, during dry conditions. Damage sustained to roots during adverse winter conditions ofter varied between direct drilling and ploughing. More roots at depth were consistently recorded on direct-drilled than on ploughed land when measured in spring after a soil water deficit had developed during the preceding month. After prolonged wet soil conditions during the winter on a soil with a large clay fraction and low hydraulic conductivity, root growth and penetration in spring, before the development of a soil water deficit, was more restricted on direct-drilled than on ploughed land.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181808
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    The occrrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in barley and wheat grown in some Danish soils with different fertilizer treatments (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Infection intensity ; Loamy soil ; N fertilizer ; P fertilizer ; Sandy soil ; VA-mycorrhiza ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil samples, roots and shoots were collected from barley crops at three locations which had received different combinations of N and P for 10 years, and from long-term fertilizer experiments on barley in a sandy soil and on barley and wheat in a loamy soil. Soils were analysed for available P by an anion exchange resin procedure, roots were examined for intensity of VAM infection, and shoots wee analysed for N and P. Vesicualr-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was found at all locations. It was most abundant at the three locations with least soil-P and lightest at the two locations high in soil-P. Within loocations an inverse relation was found between soil-P level and intensity of infection. Infection was also intensity. by increasing N-fertilizer. Spore counts from selected samples correlated well with infection intensity. Shoot-P did not differ significantly between treatments in spite of significant differences in soil-P. This points to the significance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza: a lower soil-P level accompanied by a higher infection intensity seem to counterbalance each other to a certain extent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182701
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  • 39
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    pH optima for crop growth (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 339-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cassava ; Chemical composition ; Control of solution pH ; Copper ; Flowing solution culture ; French bean ; Ginger ; Hydrogen ion injury ; Magnesium ; Maize ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Optimum pH range ; pH ; Plant growth ; Root weight ratio ; Tomato ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ginger, cassava, maize, wheat, french bean and tomato were grown for periods up to six weeks in continuously flowing nutrient solutions at seven constant pH values ranging from 3.3 to 8.5. All species achieved maximum or near-maximum growth in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. However, there were substantial differences in the ability of species to grow outside this range. Ginger and cassava were the most tolerant species to low solution pH, while ginger and tomato were the only species to show no yield depression at the highest solution pH. Roots of all species at pH 3.3 and some species at pH 4.0 exhibited symptoms of hydrogen ion injury. In addition, the concentrations of magnesium in the tops of all six species, of nitrogen in the tops of tomato and cassava, and of manganese in the tops of maize at these pH values were inadequate for optimal growth. Growth depression at high solution pH was associated with iron deficiency in maize and wheat and with nitrogen and/or copper deficiency in cassava. The relevance of the present results to crop growth under field conditions is discussed. The complex interplay of plant and soil characteristics militates against precise definition of an optimum pH range for the growth of a particular crop unless the soil is also specified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181830
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  • 40
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    Effect of concentration of boron on the uptake and yield of tomato and wheat at different levels of irrigation (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron concentration ; Boron deficiency ; Greenhouse ; Irrigation ; Tomato ; Uptake ; Wheat ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to know the effects of irrigation levels on the uptake of B by wheat and tomato at different levels of B concentrations. The uptake was found to increase with increase in concentrations as well as with increase in amount of water applied. The highest yield of tomato was obtained at 1.5 ppm of B, whereas that of wheat was obtained at 3 ppm of B at the highest level of irrigation. The boron uptake by tomato and wheat is a function of both boron concentration in the soil and the amount of irrigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181840
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  • 41
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    On the concentration of acetic acid in straw and soil (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Barley ; Diffusion ; Silt loam ; Straw ; Water absorption ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Freshly harvested wheat straw contained 0.096 g water g−1 dry straw and 180 mM acetic acid. The straw absorbed water more rapidly from wet soil. The concentration of acetic acid fell to about 10 mM within 6 h of incorporation of straw in the soil and then remained relatively constant for a period of 12 days, irrespective of soil moisture content. In soil at its maximum water holding capacity after gravitational drainage, the decline in acetic acid concentration (c) with distance (d) from wheat or barley straw was exponential, with c=co e−nd where co is the concentration of acetic acid at the straw surface and n is a constant (0.46 for barley and 0.42 for wheat straw). The presence of acetic acid seems to be a major cause of poor establishment and growth when seeds and seedling roots come into contact with straw.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197956
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  • 42
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    Association of cation and organic anion accumulation with iron chlorosis of Scots pine on prairie soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soils ; Calcium ; Cation-anion balance ; Induced-iron chlorosis ; Nitrate ; Organic anions ; Pinus sylvestris L ; Prairie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Iron chlorosis of 4 year old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in comparison to areas of adjacent healthy growth on calcareous prairie soil, was associated with slight increases in the soluble ion content of the saturation paste extract. Such increases in soluble ions (mainly calcium sulphate) were associated with significant increases in ash, cation (including iron) and organic anion content of the chlorotic needles. Increasing levels of available soil nitrate were also related to increase in organic anions. Nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation was adversely affected under conditions of iron chlorosis. These observations support the theory of induced iron deficiency associated with elevated levels of organic anions or translocated cations and are applicable to plantings of conifers on prairie soils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205858
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  • 43
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    Effects of artificial acid rain on decomposition of spruce needles and on mobilisation and leaching of elements (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 365-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid rain ; Calcium ; Decomposition ; Leaching ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mobilisation ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Spruce litter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dry matter and chemical changes in decomposing spruce needles were investigated after 16 and 38 weeks in laboratory lysimeters treated with distilled water or distilled water acidified to pH 3 or 2 with sulphuric acid. The water was added twice weekly in quantities equal to 100 or 200 mm month−1. The CO2 evolution and leaching of P, K, Mg, Mn, and Ca was followed together with pH measurements of the leachate. The loss of dry matter was approximately 25% during the first 16 weeks and approximately 37% after 38 weeks. At the first samling, 16 weeks, the amount of material decomposed was greater from the lysimeters given 100 mm month−1 of water. At this water quantity dilute sulphuric acid increased the decomposition. After 38 weeks sulphuric acid at pH 3 and 2 had decreased the decomposition at 200 mm month−1. However, the effects of acid application were small. The effect of treatment using acidified water on the content of monosaccharides was not consistent, whereas there was an indication of reduced decomposition of lignin when treated with 200 mm water month−1 at pH 3 and 2. Nitrogen was conserved in the lysimeters with small differences between the various treatments. The order of mobility of metal elements was K〉Mg〉Mn〉Ca. Increasing the quantity of water increased the leaching of K especially, whereas addition of dilute sulphuric acid increased the leaching of Mg, Mn and particularly Ca. During the first 16 weeks of the experiment, sulphuric acid reduced the leaching of P while later on this treatment increased the leaching. The pH of the leachate from the lysimeters treated with distilled water was initially 4.0–4.6 increasing to approximately 6.6 after 22 weeks. The pH of the decomposed needle material was 4.6 and approximately 5.2 after 16 and 38 weeks respectively. When treated with water at pH 3 the pH of the leachate was between 4 and 5, and the pH of the needles 4.2–5.1. Treatment with water at pH 2 gave a leachate with pH just above 2 and decreased the pH of the needles that had received 200 mm ‘rain’ month−1 to 2.9. The effect of the artificial acid rain appears to be more pronounced on the leaching of metal elements than on the biological activity and the dynamics of N and P. The treatments must be considered extreme when compared with the acidity of natural rain.
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  • 44
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    Free proline accumulation in cereals in relation to salt tolerance (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Accumulation ; Barley ; Cations ; Electrical conductivity ; K/Na ratio ; Proline ; Saline water ; Stress ; Tolerance ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a micro-plot experiment it was observed that free proline accumulation in barley and wheat crops increased with the salt stress. But in sensitive strains of both the crops it did not accumulate in accordance with the preceding values after their tolerance limit and at this point yield of barley was reduced by 25.8% and wheat by 23.2% over control while significant yield reductions were not observed with tolerant strains. Proline accumulation was also found to be related to tissue K/Na ratio and the critical limits of this ratio were observed between 0.60 and 0.34 for barley and 4.2 and 1.4 for wheat.
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  • 45
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    Aluminium effects on growth and Al, Ca, Mg, K and P levels in triticale, wheat and rye (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminum concentration ; Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nutrient solution ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Triticale ; Rye ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of A1 on the growth and mineral composition of different cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) growing in 1/5 strength Steinberg solutions containing 0 or 6 ppm A1 were evaluated after 32 days. Aluminum increased the concentrations of P and K in the roots and K in the tops of most of the cultivars tested. A1 tolerant triticale retained a lower concentration of Mg in the roots and tops than the A1 sensitive triticale, when subjected to A1 stress. In addition, A1 treatments resulted in smaller increases in root P for the A1 tolerant triticale than for the A1 sensitive cultivars. The concentration of root Ca and P of the A1 tolerant wheat cultivars were significantly below that of the more sensitive plants. Aluminum tolerance in rye appeared to be associated with lower Ca and higher Mg concentrations in the tops. The accumulation of P and A1 in the roots was characteristic of sensitivity in triticale, wheat and rye.
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  • 46
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    Wheat root distribution in sodic soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 487-490 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Exchangeable sodium percentage ; Restricted root growth ; Sodic ; Soil ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Greenhouse experiment conducted on Ghabdan loam (a Salic Natraqualf), varying in ESP distribution of soil profile showed that wheat roots could develop having an ESP of 45. Above an ESP of 51 absolutely no root growth was observed.
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  • 47
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    Effect of dietary cholecalciferol deficiency on plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (Pisces, Salmonidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 5 (1980), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Thyroid gland ; Growth ; Endocrines ; Trout ; Calcium ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Diets deficient in vitamin D effected a significant increase in plasma triiodothyronine (T3) concentration in raibow trout (Salmo gairdneri); different levels of dietary calcium exerted no effect on plasma T3 levels. These effects of vitamin D deficiency on plasma T3 levels appeared to be reversible, vitamin D supplementation after a period of vitamin D deficiency lowered T3 levels. Vitamin D3, vitamin D2 and the metabolites 25(OH)-D3 and 1, 25(OH)2D3 were all effective in lowering plasma T3 levels; vitamin D3 appeared to be more effective than vitamin D2. There appeared to be a correlation between weight gain and plasma T3 concentration in the groups fed different types and levels of vitamin D supplementation suggesting that the increased T3 levels may be a compensatory increase to the reduced weight gain of the vitamin D deficient fish. Plasma T4 levels were not affected by dietary vitamin D deficiency.
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    Male scent-producing structures inColias butterflies (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Butterfly ; Colias philodice ; chemical communication ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; male scent ; courtship ; sex brands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During successful courtship in sulfur butterflies, virgin females respond to males by assuming a stationary posture and extending the abdomen ventrally from between the hindwings, thereby permitting copulation. In the clouded sulfur,Colias philodice Godard, this response was used in a laboratory bioassay to confirm the existence of a male chemical signal demonstrated by a previous worker and to document the signal's behavioral function and source. The male scent is shown to be required, in part, to reliably elicit abdominal extension and to be emitted from a patch of cells and scales associated with the dorsal surface of the male hind wing near the wing base. Experiments also show that evaporation of the signal is reduced when the source is covered by the forewing as it is at rest and in flight. These data, coupled with other information on male chemical signals in sulfur butterflies and other Lepidoptera, suggest that in sulfurs the morphology and chemistry of the scent glands along with the behavior of the male are structured in a way that minimizes the evaporative loss of scent from the wings when the male is not courting females.
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  • 49
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    Lesser peachtree borer: Influence of pheromone concentration, isomeric blend, and experimental design on trap capture (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; lesser peachtree borer ; field test design ; Synanthedon pictipes ; clearwing moths ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trap capture data from Ohio and Wisconsin show that (E,Z)-3-13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate alone is an effective trap bait for maleSynanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson). Attractiveness increased by increasing attractant concentration but not by adding theZ,E geometrical isomer.S. pictipes males partitioned themselves in a linear fashion among traps baited with 10–100 μg of attractant in 10-μg increments. Furthermore, they discriminated between 50- and 100-μg baits placed in the same tree. These and other results indicate that, in clearwing experiments involving noninhibitory compounds and blend tuning, high trap density can be used successfully.
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  • 50
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    Pharmacodynamics of some individual milkweed cardenolides fed to larvae of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 321-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cardenolides ; monarch butterfly ; Danaus plexippus L. ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; storage ; regulation ; metabolism ; uscharidin ; calactin ; calotropin ; uzarigenin ; digitoxigenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), store only some of the cardenolides present in the larval milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) host. Feeding known doses of individual cardenolides to 4th instar monarch larvae led to more efficient larval tissue incorporation at low doses than at high ones, and favored storage of cardenolide glycosides over genins. A qualitative regulation also occurs during larval feeding; calactin and calotropin were stored as such but uscharidin was rapidly converted to a mixture of calactin and calotropin which were the forms stored by the larvae. Two genins, uzarigenin and digitoxigenin, were stored by larvae as polar cardenolide metabolites.
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  • 51
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    A trail pheromone from silk produced by larvae of the range caterpillarHemileuca oliviae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and observations on aggregation behavior (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 655-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; trail pheromone ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methylene chloride-extractable chemical(s) from range caterpillar larval silk facilitates trail-following and aggregation by early-instar larvae, but late-instar larvae are less responsive to the pheromone. Larval aggregation does not reduce water loss when larvae are exposed to low humidity, nor does aggregation prevent predation by the antFormica neoclara Emery. Grouped larvae gain weight and complete early stadia more rapidly as compared to solitary larvae. Aggregation may provide increased visibility to herbivores and increase the impact of urticating spines, thereby decreasing inadvertant predation.
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  • 52
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    Dodecyl acetate, a second pheromone component of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 727-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dodecyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dodecyl acetate was identified as a second component of the sex pheromone ofTrichoplusia ni (Hübner). Dodecyl acetate comprised 9.6% by weight of the total pheromone [(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate] extracted from glands and 7.3% by weight of the total pheromone evaporated from the surfaces of glands. Dodecyl acetate appears to function as a short-range pheromone component. Evaporation at female release rates of a 10∶90 mixture of dodecyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the field caused a significantly greater percentage of males to land on the pheromone source, increased significantly the time they spent on the source, but decreased significantly the time they spent searching for the source when within 50 cm, as compared to (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate alone.
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  • 53
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    Selection of a polyethylene tubing formulation of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and its use in disrupting pheromone communication inHeliothis zea (Boddie) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Release rate ; polyethylene ; formulations ; controlled release ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The release rates of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate (Z9TDF) from four sizes of polyethylene tubing were measured periodically for 50 days by collecting the Z9TDF vapors on a polymeric adsorbent. The resulting release rate curves had shapes that were determined by the tubing's diameter and wall thickness. One tubing size that combined good longevity with adequately high release rates was tested in the field to determine whether it could disrupt pheromone communication of the corn earworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). We observed a low percentage of disruption, but release rate measurements made concurrently showed that the tubing was releasing Z9TDF normally. In a second field test, a larger quantity of Z9TDF was released, and 87% disruption was attained for 66 days.
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  • 54
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    Multiple effects of Na+ removal on pancreatic secretion in vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Stimulus-secretion coupling ; Sodium ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of removing Na+ from the incubation medium on basal and secretagogue induced zymogen release by pancreatic fragments and isolated pancreatic acini were studied by both morphological evaluation and measurement of amylase release. In both fragments and isolated acini, removal of Na+ led to an increased basal secretion of zymogen granule contents from acinar cells via exocytosis; secretory material, however, accumulated in acinar and ductular lumina as a result of the lack of fluid secretion necessary to wash out the enzymes. In studies with fragments, after Na+ removal there was no significant increase in amylase release into the medium; isolated acini, in contrast, showed an increased amylase release consistent with the shorter distance from the acinar lumen to the bathing medium. Stimulation with either bethanechol or caerulein led to a further depletion of zymogen granules in both preparations; in the absence of Na+ secretory product accumulated in intracellular lakes as well as in duct lumens. The hypothesis that Na+ influx is important in stimulus-secretion coupling to release intracellular Ca2+ was directly tested by measuring 45Ca2+ efflux. No effect of removing Na+ on 45Ca2+ efflux was seen. It was concluded, therefore, that while Na+ is essential for pancreatic fluid secretion, it is not necessary for the secretion of zymogen granule contents into acinar lumina.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237617
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