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  • Immunohistochemistry  (48)
  • Yeast  (44)
  • Springer  (92)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1985-1989  (74)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1925-1929
  • 1988  (74)
  • 1980  (18)
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  • 1985-1989  (74)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermotolerant single cell protein production byKluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1988), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Single cell protein ; Sucrose ; Yeast ; Thermotolerance ; Fermentation ; Kluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Amino acid analyses were undertaken on single cell protein (SCP) produced by thermotolerant strains ofKluyveromyces marxianus var.marxianus grown on sugar cane molasses at 40°C. The maximum conversion of available sugars to biomass at 45°C was only 10.8% (g dry wt.·g−1 total sugars). The amino acid composition of the SCP did not differ markedly from that reported for other yeast species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569436
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triacylglycerols as fatty acid donors for membrane phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast (1980)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 111 (1980), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Cerulenin ; Fatty acid donor ; Inositol deficiency ; Phospholipid biosynthesis ; Triacylglycerols ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Umsatz der Lipide vonSaccharomyces carlsbergensis ATCC 9080 wurde nach Vormarkierung mit3H-Ölsäure und14C-Palmitinsäure untersucht. Inositversorgte Zellen zeigen eine Verschiebung der Fettsäuren von den Triacylglycerinen in die Phospholipide, im besonderen in Phosphatidylcholin und Phosphatidylinosit. Eine verstärkte Übertragung der Fettsäuren von Triacylglycerinen auf Phospholipide konnte festgestellt werden, wenn vormarkierte Zellen auf ein Nährmedium, welches Cerulenin enthielt, übertragen wurde. Cerulenin inhibiert die Fettsäuresynthese und ruft in wachsenden Zellen Fettsäuremangel hervor. Inositdefiziente Hefezellen, welche einen erhöhten Triacylglycerinspiegel aufweisen, verwenden diese Triacylglycerine unter Fettsäuremangelbedingungen ebenfalls für die Synthese von Phospholipiden, besonders von Phosphatidylcholin, Phosphatidyläthanolamin und Phosphatidylserin. Da aus früheren Arbeiten bekannt ist, daß inSaccharomyces carlsbergensis praktisch keine β-Oxidation existiert, können die Triacylglyerine in diesem Hefestamm als Speicher für Fettsäuren angesehen werden, welche zur Synthese von Phospholipiden dienen.
    Notes: Abstract The turnover of lipids was studied in the yeast,Saccharomyces carlsbergensis ATCC 9080, after prelabeling of the cells with [3H] oleic acid and [14C] palmitic acid. In inositol supplemented cells, a redistribution of fatty acids from triacylglycerols to phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol) could be demonstrated. An increased transfer of fatty acids from triacylglycerols to phospholipids was observed when prelabeled cells were transferred to a growth medium containing cerulenin, which inhibits fatty acid synthesis and thus induces fatty acid deficiency in the growing cells. Inositol deficient cells contain increased levels of triacylglycerols, which are equally well utilized for phospholipid (mainly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) synthesis under conditions of fatty acid deficiency. The present results together with the previous finding that β-oxidation is practically absent inSaccharomyces carlsbergensis suggest that in this yeast triacylglycerols function as storage of fatty acids which can be mobilized for phospholipid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903231
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological homologies between yeast ribosomal protein L2 and rat liver ribosomal proteins L4 and L24 (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ribosomal protein ; Immunological homology ; Yeast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies raised against ribosomal protein (r-protein) L2 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used to check for cross-reaktions with total r-proteins of rat liver. Using this procedure, the rat liver r-proteins, L4 and L24, were identified as being immunologically related to yeast L2. In addtional, homologies between rat liver L4 and L24 were detected. The possible implications for the regulation of r-protein synthesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387769
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid associations with residual nuclear structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Nuclear matrix ; Plasmid stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Acentric yeast plasmids are mitotically unstable, apparently because they cannot freely diffuse after replicating and therefore are not included in the daughter nucleus. This behavior could result if plasmids remain attached to structural elements of the nucleus after replicating. Since DNA replication is believed to take place on the nuclear matrix, we tested whether there was a correlation between the mitotic stability of a given plasmid and the extent to which it was found associated with residual nuclear structures. Residual nuclei were prepared from yeast nuclei by extraction with either high salt, 2 M NaCl, or low salt, 10 mM lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS). Hybridization analysis was used to estimate the fraction of plasmid molecules remaining after nuclei were extracted. We examined the extent of matrix association of three ARSI plasmids, Trpl-RI circle (1.45 kb), YRp7 (5.7 kb) and pXBAT (45.1 kb) with mitotic loss rates ranging from 3–25%. In addition we examined the matrix binding of the endogenous 2 μm plasmid and the 2 μm-derived YEp 13 which is relatively stable in the presence of 2 μm and less stable in cir° strains. Among the ARS1 plasmids we observed a negative correlation between stability and matrix association, consistent with models in which binding to the nuclear matrix prevents passive segregation of ARS1 plasmid molecules. No such correlation was observed among the 2 μn plasmids. Among all plasmids examined there is a positive correlation between size and matrix association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424422
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase (ODC) gene of Schwanniomyces occidentalis by complementation of the ura3 mutation in S. cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Cloning ; ODC ; Complementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A DNA fragment containing the gene encoding orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase (ODC) from the yeast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis (formerly castellii) has been isolated from a genomic library constructed in the S. cerevisiae expression vector, pYcDE8. A recombinant plasmid, p2-lA, containing a 2.47 kb insert was shown to complement the ura3-52 mutation of several strains of S. cerevisiae. This DNA insert was shown to be from Schwanniomyces occidentalis by Southern hybridization analysis. A restriction enzyme cleavage map of the insert has been derived and the ODC gene localized to a 1.1 kb region by deletion analysis. In addition, we have demonstrated that expression of ODC is not dependent on the ADHI promoter carried on pYcDE8. This is the first report of the cloning of a gene from a member of the genus Schwanniomyces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glucose- and ethanol-dependent regulation of PDC1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are controlled by two distinct promoter regions (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Gene regulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; PDCI promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 870 by promoter fragment of the PDC1 gene that includes the carbon source dependent regulatory regions was investigated using 5′ and 3′ promoter deletions. The results indicate that glucose and ethanol regulation of PDC1 transcription are independently controlled by distinct cis-acting regions. The consensus sequence AAATCGATA may play a role in this regulation, while the sequence (ATCA)AACCT may be important in transcription initiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419991
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple elements regulate expression of the cell cycle-regulated thymidylate synthase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Cell cycle ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Expression of the thymidylate synthase gene (TMPI) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle. Using a series of gene fusions, which have placed the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under transcriptional and translational control of different portions of the TMPI gene, we have demonstrated the existence of three different regions which are important for expression. One of these regions, which was localized to within 270 base pairs of the translation start codon, is involved in the periodic expression of TMPI transcript. A second region, the deletion of which resulted in reduced levels of TMPI expression, is at least partially encoded by DNA sequences between 270 and 377 base pairs upstream of the translation start codon. A third region, located within the N-terminal 112 codons of the TMPI gene, apparently encodes information involved in a post-translational control mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419994
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinational analysis of OXI1 mutants and preliminary analysis of their translation products in S. cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondria ; Intragenic recombination ; Mutant polypeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recombinational analysis of oxil mutants was performed using a and a mutant strains with the same mitochondrial and nuclear backgrounds, derived from strain 777-3A. In spite of minor inconsistencies the overall map of oxi1 mutations can be constructed on the basis of wild-type recombinant frequencies in the two-point oxi1 − − x oxi1 − crosses. The frequencies of wild-type recombinants varied in a wide range from 0.003% to 16%, reaching the maximal values expected for unlinked mitochondria) markers. No distinct clusters of mutants were observed. The analysis of translation products of oxil mutants showed that all but one of the oxil mutants studied are connected with the conspicuous changes of the polypeptide band corresponding to subunit 11 of cytochrome c oxidase in electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The exceptional G565 mutant showed no conspicuous change in subunit II, but lacked subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase. Various oxi1 mutants seemed to carry premature chain termination mutations. Most of them show a correlation between the length of the putative fragment of subunit II synthesized and the position on the genetic map. The direction of translation is from the V2 to the V60 mutation. The V2 mutation is proximal to cap and V60 proximal to the par locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445693
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics and biochemistry of resistance to axenomycin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Axenomycin ; Ribosome genetics ; Yeast ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Axenomycin inhibits protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The antibiotic acts by binding to ribosomes, most probably to the large ribosomal subunit. Mutant strains resistant to axenomycin appear to contain ribosomes that are not inhibited by the antibiotic. The responsible gene has been mapped on the VII chromosome between the centromere and the leu1 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445695
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced recombination and reversion of theCDC8 gene in relation to the cell cycle of yeast (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Gene conversion and mutation ; CDC8 locus ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The induction of mitotic recombination in theCDC8 locus was studied in a diploid strain heteroallelic forcdc8 mutations (cdc8-1/cdc8-3); mitotic reversion was studied in strainscdc8-1/cdc8-1 andcdc8-3/cdc8-3. Conversion and reversion did not occur in those cells blocked at the S stage of the cell cycle by exposure to a nonpermissive temperature. In stationary phase cells irradiated just prior to exposure to temperature stress, the induction of recombinants was rather low and the induction of revertants was minimal. Conversely, a significant induction ofcdc + occurred in logarithmic phase cells subjected to the same treatment. Irradiation of synchronously dividing cultures revealed that intragenic recombination occurs at all three stages of the cell cycle- G1, S and G2. It was also found that UV-induced gene reversion can occur during the S and G2 stages, but not during the G1 stage of the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427750
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repair of 2 um Plasmid DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Plasmid ; Repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have developed a system for assaying pyrimidine dimers in the 2 ⇐m DNA plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease to nick dimer-containing plasmid molecules and measuring percentages of nicked and covalently closed circles on agarose gels. UV-irradiation induced dimers in plasmid DNA, in vivo, at the same rate as in chromosomal DNA. After a dose of 20 Joules·m−2, approximately 86% of plasmid molecules had. at least one dimer. After 3 h incubation under normal growth conditions only 4% still retained dimers in a wild-type strain. In a rad1 (excision-defective) mutant 81% of plasmid molecules still had dimers after 3 h, suggesting that excision repair operates to remove dimers from plasmid DNA in wild-type yeast. Dimers can be removed from 2 ,um DNA in a rad1 mutant by photoreactivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435687
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimorphism of ribosomal protein L8 among different laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ribosomal protein dimorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used in a comparative study of ribosomal proteins from various strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results demonstrated a case of dimorphism of L8 protein of 60S ribosomal subunit. Of eight strains examined, two strains were one type and six were the other type. The former, which was tentatively designated as altered (A) type, was more acidic than the latter, common (C) type, as shown by mobility difference in pH gradient gel. Heterozygous (A/C) diploid cells contained both types of L8 protein and gave rise to tetrads of 2:2 segregation for A and C types, indicating that the difference of mobility was reflection of the allelic difference of the gene coding for L8 protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435688
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered ribosomal protein L29 in a cycloheximide-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 1 (1980), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ribosomal protein alteration ; Cycloheximide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A spontaneous high-level cycloheximide-resistant mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain cy32) is found to have an altered protein of the large subunit (60S) of cytoplasmic ribosomes, namely protein L29. The resistance character segregates together with this biochemical defect and is semidominant in heterozygous diploids. Judged from in vitro susceptibility to inhibition by cycloheximide there are at least 50% resistant ribosomes present in such diploid strains. From these results it is concluded that cycloheximide resistance of mutant cy32 is caused by mutation of a single gene and that it is the structural gene for L29 which is affected. Preliminary genetic mapping data are also reported. They indicate a location of cyhx-32 marker on chromosome 7 near met13.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390941
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reexamination of the role of the RAD52 gene in spontaneous mitotic recombination (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Mitotic recombination ; DNA repair ; Yeast ; RAD52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The RAD52 gene is required for much of the recombination that occurs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of the two commonly utilized mutant alleles, rad52-2, increases rather than reduces mitotic recombination, yet in other respects appears to be a typical rad52 mutant allele. This raises the question as to whether RAD52 is really necessary for mitotic recombination. Analysis of a deletion/insertion allele created in vitro indicates that the null mutant phenotype is indeed a deficiency in mitotic recombination, especially in gene conversion. The data also indicate that RAD52 is required for crossing-over between at least some chromosomes. Finally, examination of the behavior of a replicating plasmid in rad52-1 strains indicates that the frequency of plasmid integration is substantially reduced from that in wild type, a conclusion consistent with a role for RAD52 in reciprocal crossing-over. Analysis of recombinants arising in rad52-2 strains suggests that this allele may result in the increased activity of a RAD52-independent recombinational pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376741
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifiers of ochre suppressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that exhibit ochre suppressor-dependent amber suppression (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Informational suppressors ; Modifier ; Yeast ; tRNAs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected that would interact with ochre (UAA) suppressors so as to allow ochre -suppressor dependant amber (UAG) suppression, but which do not exhibit opal (UGA) suppression. Strains mutant at four distinct loci were isolated, and two of these are recessive mutations while the other two behave as dominants or semidominants. MOS3 has some suppressor activity in the absence of a resident SUP4-o gene and shares other characteristics with previously described omnipotent suppressors. MOS4, mos1 and mos2, on the other hand, exhibit no suppressor activity in the absence of a resident SUP4-o gene but do exhibit suppression of UAG alleles when there is a resident SUP4-o gene. These latter modifier strains do not interact with a SUP4-o gene to suppress UGA alleles. By genetic and physiological criteria the MOS4, mosl, and most mutations appear to be different than previously described allosuppressors or modifiers of suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419992
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that the single CDC8 gene which encodes thymidylate kinase is involved in DNA replication, recombination and mutation in yeast (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; CDC8 gene ; DNA replication, recombination, mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The conditional cdc8 mutant is known to be defective, under restrictive conditions, in the elongation of DNA during synthesis. In yeast the CDC8 gene encodes thymidylate kinase. We show here that UV-induced gene conversion and gene mutation events require the participation of this CDC8 gene. Thus, the same thymidylate kinase is incolved both in DNA replication and in UV-induced gene conversion and gene mutation in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419986
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hydroxyurea on the mechanism of DNA synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Hydroxyurea ; DNA synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Newly synthesised DNA molecules the same size as replicons (7 million-60 million daltons) accumulate in yeast cells treated with hydroxyurea. During prolonged incubation in low concentrations of the drug, there is a large accumulation of these molecules without any corresponding increase in their molecular weight. On release from the inhibtion the molecules are converted to large molecular weight DNA. These observations are consistent with an inhibition by hydroxyurea of the joining of completed replicons. In addition, newly synthesised DNA molecules the size of yeast Okazaki fragments also accumulate in cells treated with hydroxyurea.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435682
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Control of recombination within and between DNA plasmids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 2 (1980), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Recombination ; Plasmids ; Transformation ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary [2 μm+ and [2μm°] yeast were transformed to stable leucine prototrophy with the hybrid yeast — E. coli plasmid, pJDB219. This plasmid contains the entire sequence of the endogenous 2 μm yeast DNA plasmid in addition to the yeast nuclear LEU2 + gene and the Co1E1 derivative, pMB9. In the [2 μm+] transformants, a new wholly yeast LEU2 + plasmid, pYX, was generated, probably by a recombination event between pJDB219 and 2 μm DNA. The plamid, pYX, in the absence of 2 μm DNA, was found to exist in equimolar amounts of two forms, A and B, which probably arise by intramolecular recombination across the inverted repeat sequences of the 2 μm DNA portion of the plasmid. pJDB219 was found to require the presence of 2 μm DNA to undergo this intramolecular recombination. The results suggest that 2, μm DNA and pYX code for a gene product required in this recombination event which pJDB219 cannot produce.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435685
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon assimilation tests: Substrates assimilation profiles (1988)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 102 (1988), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Yeast ; carbon assimilation profiles ; liquid medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liquid medium assays for yeasts carbon assimilation tests are the more precise but longer methods. For rapid and automated yeasts identification purposes we analysed the assimilation of 34 carbon compounds by 149 reference strains. Assays were carried in liquid shaken medium (Autobac∘ system) and readings were nephelemetric. Valuable results are obtained in 72 hours and their analysis allowed us to classify substrates for their ability to minimize the number of doubtful results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436244
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Allelism between pso1-1 and rev3-1 mutants and between pso2-1 and snm1 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiaee (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA repair mutants ; Allelism test ; Psoralen plus UVA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, allelism between the psol-1 and the rev3-1 mutants on the one hand and the pso2-1 and snm1 mutants on the other, is demonstrated by the comparison of phenotypes, complementation tests and meiotic segregation analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365754
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Interspecific protoplast fusion between the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces fermentati (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fusion ; Protoplast ; Saccharomyces ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae his1 trp2 resistant to acriflavine and able to ferment galactose and of Saccharomyces fennentati arg resistant to DL-p-fluorophenylalanine and able to ferment lactose were fused. As a result of fusion two types of prototrophic hybrids were obtained. Type 1 hybrids were able to grow on medium with galactose or lactose as sole carbon source and were sensitive to acriflavine and resistant to DL-p-pfluorophenylalanine. Type 2 hybrids were able to grow on medium with galactose as sole carbon source and were resistant to acriflavine and sensitive to DL-p-fluorophenylalanine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365764
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  • 22
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    FLP recombinase induction of the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle and gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; FLP-FRT ; BFBC ; Gene conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A YEp chimaeric plasmid containing URA3 and SMR1 [sulfometuron methyl resistant (SMR) allele of ILV2] as selectable markers, and the 2 μm site-specific recombination FLP recognition target (FRT), was integrated at the ilv2-Δ1 site in chromosome XIII in a cir°] haploid. Southern analysis defined two integrant structures. Structure I had URA3 distal and SMR1 proximal to FRT whereas in structure II both markers were distal to FRT. Selectable markers were stably inherited in [cir°] haploids and [cir°] diploids heterozygous for the integrant and ILV2. Approximately 14% of heterozygous [cir +] diploid cells exhibited homozygotization for the distal (500 kb) ade4 marker in trans. In [cir +] diploids FLP-FRT recombination resulted in the simultaneous loss of both structure II markers, whereas the structure I distal URA3 marker loss always preceded the variable loss of the proximal SMR1 marker. URA− cells continued to segregate for loss of SMR1 until stable URA− SMR or URA−SMS cells were produced. Gene conversion was identified in stable URA−SMR cells that were homozygous SMR1/SMR1 but contained wild type ILV2 restriction endonuclease sites. These observations support a model based on concerted FLP-FRT action resulting from the secondary integration of native 2 μm DNA followed by unequal sister chromatid exchange (USCE) within inverted FRTs. The resultant chromatid bridge resulted in a double-stand break. Fusion of the broken ends of sister chromatids generated a breakage-fusion-bridge cycle (BFBC). Repeated rounds of the BFBC resulted in proximal marker loss and the generation of additional double-strand breaks. Recombinogenic properties of the double-strand break initiated events leading to homozygotization and gene conversion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424420
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    An electron microscopic study on the mating tube formation in the heterobasidiomycete Tremella mesenterica (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mating tube ; Microtubule ; Tremella ; Ultrastructure ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructure of the mating tube formed in yeast haplont of the heterobasidiomycete Tremella mesenterica was studied by electron microscopy. Cell wall of the mating tube emerged as evagination of the inner layers, rupturing outer layers of the mother cell wall. Comparison with budding cells suggested that the tube emergence place at bud scar and the process of tube emergence was the same as that of bud emergence. Electron transparent vesicles of 0.1 μm diameter were scattered in the cytoplasm of the mating tube. Nucleus-associated organelle was located at one side of the nuclear envelope which extended towards the mating tube. A few microtubules were detected in the mating tube, but their association with a nucleus was not clear. The cytoplasmic structure of the mating tube was discussed in comparison with that of hyphae of the filamentous fungi.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406161
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    Sensitivity of yeast glycolytic enzymes to chloroquine (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chloroquine ; Glycolytic enzymes ; Yeast ; Chloroquine and ATP/ADP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroquine at pH 8.0 and 10 mM concentration inhibits about 30% glucose consumption and ethanol formation in yeast cells. Out of the 11 glycolytic enzymes assayed, phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate decarboxylase have been found to be most sensitive to chloroquine. Next sensitive are hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Kinetic studies with the three kinases studied revealed competitive inhibition of chloroquine with ATP (hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase) or ADP (pyruvate kinase).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407797
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    Chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent, inhibits zygote formation in yeast (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1988), S. 20-25 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating ; Zygote formation ; Chloroquine ; Lysosomotropic agent ; Plasma membrane ; Cell fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Haploid cells of opposite mating type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae conjugate to form zygote. During the conjugation process, the degradation or reorganization of the cell wall and the fusion of the two plasma membranes take place. Since chloroquine inhibits cellular events associated with the reorganization of the plasma membrane, the effect of the drug on conjugation was studied. Chloroquine at a concentration, at which cell growth was not retarded, inhibited zygote formation, while it did not affect other mating functions, such as sexual agglutination, production of and response to mating pheromone. Cells in a mating culture containing chloroquine formed no “prezygote” suggesting that they were not prepared for entering into fusion process. The inhibitory effect of chloroquine was reversible as cells formed zygote when they were washed after treatment with chloroquine. Zygote formation was unaffected in cells possessing chlorquine within vacuoles after incubation with the drug in complete medium (YPD) at pH 7.5, followed by washing. This suggests that chloroquine inhibits zygote formaton by adsorbing to the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444663
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    How hexoses and inhibitors influence the malate transport system in Zygosaccharomyces bailii (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 37-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Hexose transport ; Sugar ; Malate uptake ; 2,4-DNP ; Zygosaccharomyces bailii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When grown in fructose or glucose the cells of Zygosaccharomyces bailii were physiologically different. Only the glucose grown cells (glucose cells) possessed an additional transport system for glucose and malate. Experiments with transport mutants had lead to the assumption that malate and glucose were transported by one carrier, but further experiments proved the existence of two separate carrier systems. Glucose was taken up by carriers with high and low affinity. Malate was only transported by an uptake system and it was not liberated by starved malate-loaded cells, probably due to the low affinity of the intracellular anion to the carrier. The uptake of malate was inhibited by fructose, glucose, mannose, and 2-DOG but not by non metabolisable analogues of glucose. The interference of malate transport by glucose, mannose or 2-DOG was prevented by 2,4-dinitrophenol, probably by inhibiting the sugar phosphorylation by hexokinase. Preincubation of glucose-cells with metabolisable hexoses promoted the subsequent malate transport in a sugar free environment. Preincubation of glucose-cells with 2-DOG, but not with 2-DOG/2,4-DNP, decreased the subsequent malate transport. The existence of two separate transport systems for glucose and malate was demonstrated with specific inhibitors: malate transport was inhibited by sodium fluoride and glucose transport by uranylnitrate. A model has been discussed that might explain the interference of hexoses with malate uptake in Z. bailii.
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    Effect of growth temperature upon heat sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 124 (1980), S. 285-287 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Heat killing ; Membrane damage ; Genetic damage ; Growth temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The resistance of exponentially growing yeast cells to killing by exposure to 52°C increased markedly as the growth temperature was increased. Identical killing curves were obtained for cells suspended in growth medium or in 0.9% saline. Cells resistant to killing at 52°C were quite sensitive to killing at slightly higher temperatures. These results suggest a primary role for membrane damage in the mechanism of heat killing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427739
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    Arachidonic and oleic acids stimulate zygote formation in the presence of mating pheromone in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 507-508 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating reaction ; Zygote formation ; Mating pheromone ; Fatty acid ; Arachidonic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effect of exogenous fatty acids on zygote formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Arachidonic and oleic acids considerably stimulated zygote formation, but other fatty acids tested, linoleic, linolenic, stearic and palmitic acids, did not. Pretreatment experiments with arachidonic acid showed that the stimulation of zygote formation by the fatty acid required the presence of mating pheromone.
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    Killer toxin producing strains of the yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia kluyveri (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 261-267 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Hanseniaspora uvarum ; Pichia kluyveri ; Killer toxin ; dsRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By heat treatment killer strains of the type K1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are known to harbour dsRNA plasmids were completely cured, whereas only a small fraction of the clones of the killer type K2 had lost the dsRNA dependent killer character. The K2 killers but not the strains of killer type K1 were easily cured by cycloheximide. Killer strains of Hanseniaspora uvarum were not curable by heat treatment. Curing was successfull with cycloheximide or 5-fluorouracil. Two double-stranded RNA plasmids were detected in the killer strains of H. uvarum. The smaller dsRNA plasmid was absent in the strains that were cured of their killer character by 5-fluorouracil. The killer character of H. uvarum was transferred to S. cerevisiae by spheroplast fusion. The fusion products showing the killer character contained both dsRNA plasmids, obviously the smaller plasmid (M-dsRNA) carries the genes for killer toxin formation. Killer strains of Pichia kluyveri were not curable of their killer character, in these strains no dsRNA plasmids were detected.
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    Osmotic pressure effects and intracellular accumulation of ethanol in yeast during fermentation (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1988), S. 365-372 
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    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Osmotic pressure ; Intracellular ethanol ; Yeast ; Nutrient ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The intracellular accumulation of ethanol in yeast and its potential effects on growth and fermentation have been topics of controversy for the past several years. The determination of intracellular ethanol based on the exclusion of [14C]sorbitol to estimate aqueous cell volume was used to examine the question of intracellular ethanol accumulation. An intracellular accumulation of ethanol inSaccharomyces cerevisiae was observed during the early stages of fermentation. However, as fermentation continued, the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of ethanol became similar. Increasing the osmotic pressure of the medium with glucose or sorbitol was observed to cause an increase in the intracellular ethanol concentration. Associated with this was a decrease in yeast growth and fermentation rates. In addition, increasing the osmotic pressure of the medium was observed to cause an increase in glycerol production. Supplementation of the media with excess peptone, yeast extract, magnesium sulfate and potassium phosphate was found to relieve the detrimental effects of high osmotic pressure. Under these conditions, though, no effect on the intracellular and extracellular ethanol distribution was observed. These results indicate that nutrient limitation, and not necessarily intracellular ethanol accumulation, plays a key role during yeast fermentations in media of high osmolarity.
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    Distributional pattern of oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactivity in the neurohypophysis of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 677-681 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system ; Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phodopus sungorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topography of oxytocin (OT)- and vasopressin (VP)-containing axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system was studied in the neurohypophysis of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) by means of immunohistochemistry. Compared with other mammalian species, the neurohypophysis of Phodopus shows some peculiarities. Accumulations of OT-immunoreactivity around the distal vessels of the primary portal plexus can be observed in the distal median eminence and neural stem. This staining pattern indicates that OT is secreted into portal blood. In the neural lobe, OT- and VP-immunopositive fibers terminate in different areas. The vast majority of the OT-containing axons is distributed in the dorsal part of the neural lobe. In contrast, VP-containing axons are mainly found in the centre of the neural lobe up to the pars intermedia.
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    Immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and thyreotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in hypothalamic neurons of the domesticated pigeon (Columba livia). Alterations following lactation and exposure to cold (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 485-494 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Light microscopy ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Neuropeptides ; Columba livia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of VIP- and TRH-immunoreactivity in neurons and processes within the hypothalamus of the pigeon was investigated with light-microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. Most of the VIP-containing neurons are concentrated in the middle and caudal parts of the hypothalamus, with the greatest concentration of perikarya occurring in the medial and lateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the infundibular nucleus. These cells give rise to axons that seem to extend into the median eminence. An extensive network of VIP-immunoreactive fibers and varicosities occupy the external layer of the median eminence. The majority of TRH-containing neurons is found in the anterior hypothalamus with the greatest concentration of cells in the magnocellular preoptic, medial preoptic, suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nuclei. TRH-immunoreactive fibers and varicosities form a dense arborization in the external layer of the median eminence. Lactation seems to induce substantial changes in VIP as well as in TRH-immunostaining in the median eminence and other hypothalamic regions as compared to control, sexually active animals. Furthermore, TRH-immunoreactivity decreased in the median eminence following 60-min exposure to cold. These results suggest that VIP- and TRH-containing pathways in the pigeon hypothalamus are involved in the mediation of neuroendocrine responses.
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    Distribution of GABAergic perikarya and terminals in the centers of the higher auditory pathway of the chicken (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 99-106 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Auditory system ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of presumed GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in nuclei of the higher auditory pathway of the chicken was investigated by immunocytochemical methods employing antisera to the rate-limiting enzyme of GABA synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and to GABA. In the mesencephalic auditory center (MLD) about 20% of the cells reveal immunoreactivity. In contrast, the thalamic relay station nucleus ovoidalis is devoid of immunostained somata. This nucleus contains a high density of punctate immunoreactive structures presumed to be GABAergic axon terminals. In the auditory forebrain center field L and the auditory portions of the hyperstriatum ventrale, up to 8% of the cells were immunopositive. These neurons were significantly smaller than estimated from measurements of the overall cell population in these nuclei. From the two-dimensional arrangement of immunopositive neurons it is suggested that the GABAergic system in the avian auditory telencephalon consists of two separate groups of neurons: one subgroup mediating local inhibitory interactions, the other responsible for lateral inhibition between different frequency representations.
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    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localisation of peptide-containing nerves and myocardial cells in the human atrial appendage (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 155-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuronal markers ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Heart innervation ; Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation and myocardial cells of the human atrial appendage were investigated by means of immunocytochemical and ultrastructural techniques using both tissue sections and whole mount preparations. A dense innervation of the myocardium, blood vessels and endocardium was revealed with antisera to general neuronal (protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin) and Schwann cell markers (S-100). The majority of nerve fibres possessed neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity and were found associated with myocardial cells, around small arteries and arterioles at the adventitial-medial border and forming a plexus in the endocardium. Subpopulations of nerve fibres displayed immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. In whole-mount preparations of endocardium, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities were found to coexist in the same varicose nerve terminals. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of numerous varicose terminals associated with myocardial, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was localised to large electron-dense secretory vesicles in nerve terminals which also contained numerous small vesicles. Atrial natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity occurred exclusively in myocardial cells where it was localised to large secretory vesicles. The human atrial appendage comprises a neuroendocrine complex of peptidecontaining nerves and myocardial cells producing ANP.
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    GABA-like immunoreactivity of identified interneurons in the flight system of the locust, Locusta migratoria (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 331-340 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Interneurons ; Flight ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locusta migratoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transmitter content of identified inhibitory interneurons in the flight system of the locust, Locusta migratoria, has been characterized using antibodies raised against protein-conjugated gamma aminobutyric acid. Identified flight neurons were filled with the fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow. Serial sections of dye-filled neurons were incubated with an antibody to gamma aminobutyric acid which was subsequently tagged with a fluorescent marker. Excitatory motoneurons to wing muscles and 13 flight interneurons (3 excitatory, 7 inhibitory, and 3 with unknown synaptic effect) were examined. Neither the moto-neurons nor any of the 3 excitatory interneurons contained immunoreactive material. Six of the 7 inhibitory interneurons did contain immunoreactive material. All the neurons which contained immunoreactive material and whose synaptic effect is known were inhibitory. We conclude that most of the inhibitory flight interneurons which have been described use gamma aminobutyric acid as their transmitter. Interestingly, at least 1 set of interneurons known to be inhibitory does not use gamma aminobutyric acid. We predict that the 2 interneurons which do contain immunoreactive material and whose synaptic effect is not yet known will be found to have inhibitory roles in the operation of the flight circuitry.
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    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in non-pyramidal neurons of the human entorhinal region (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 361-367 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Entorhinal cortex ; Non-pyramidal neurons ; Interstitial neurons ; Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells and processes throughout the human entorhinal region and subjacent white matter was examined either by the unlabelled antibody-enzyme method or by the avidin-biotin method. The brain slices were obtained at autopsy with a short post-mortem delay. The majority of somatostatin immunoreactive nerve cells was found in the inner principal layer and subjacent white matter. In addition, individually scattered immunoreactive neurons were observed in both the outer principal layer and lamina dissecans. The immunoreactive perikarya varied in shape and ranged in size from 10 to 30 μm. Without exception the neurons could be classified as belonging to the group of non-pyramidal neurons. Each neuron gave rise to a few thick dendrites and a thin axon with a beaded appearance. In the adult human brain, the pattern formed by lipofuscin granules deposited in the nerve cells can be considered characteristic for the type of the neuron. Therefore, immunoreactive perikarya were documented, destained of chromogen and restained to demonstrate lipofuscin pigment and basophilic substance. It became evident from these studies that the previously immunoreactive cells were characterized by a large rounded and eccentrically located nucleus, sparse basophilic substance and, in most cases, a lack of lipofuscin granules. A few of the immunoreactive cells were laden with coarse pigment granules. The findings permit classification of entorhinal somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons as either non-pigmented or pigment-laden non-pyramidal neurons.
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    Localization of 28 kDa calbindin in human odontoblasts (1988)
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    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 341-346 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontoblast ; Calbindin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Teeth ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of 28 kDa calbindin in human odontoblasts was studied by use of specific antibodies raised against chick duodenal 28 kDa calbindin, in immunofluorescence, immuno-peroxidase, and electron-microscopic labelling experiments. The calbindin-like protein was detected mainly in the cytoplasm of odontoblast cell bodies, in their processes and occasionally in their nuclei. Correspondingly, at the ultrastructural level, immunoreactive material was associated with the cytosol, microfilaments and cilia. These findings suggest that human odontoblasts express a 28 kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, unlike those of rats and mice in which ameloblasts are the only cells immunoreactive for the protein.
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    Photoperiod-dependent changes in TSH-like immunoreactivity of cells in the hypophysial pars tuberalis of the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 183-187 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoperiod ; Pituitary gland, Pars tuberalis ; TSH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phodopus sungorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Certain secretory cells in the hypophysial pars tuberalis of the Djungarian hamster display marked circannual structural alterations. The present investigation deals with the immunohistochemical properties of this cell group. A distinct TSH-like immunoreactivity was found in secretory cells of this type in the pars tuberalis of animals exposed to long photoperiods, whereas under short photoperiods the TSH-like immunoreactivity was nearly absent. In the pars distalis, the number and distribution of TSH-positive cells did not differ significantly between animals maintained under long and under short photoperiods. LH-and FSH-positive cells could not be detected in the pars tuberalis, but they are clearly present in the pars distalis of both groups of hamsters. Our immunocytochemical results suggest that photoperiodic stimuli influence the secretory activity of TSH-like immunoreactive cells in the pars tuberalis. A connection with the neuroendrocrine-thyroid axis is discussed.
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    Development and retention of phenotypically specialized cells in pituitary allografts in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 215-220 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary allografts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hamster ; Mesocricetus auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used immunohistochemistry to identify cells present in pituitary allografts in the hamster. Hypophyses removed from neonatal hamsters or adenohypophyses removed from adult females were placed beneath renal capsules of hypophysectomized adult females. Serum PRL, LH, and GH concentrations were measured at two, five, and eight weeks after placement of allografts. Allografts were removed after eight weeks and stained for cells containing PRL, LH, FSH, GH, or ACTH. Allografts did not release LH or GH. Those of adult adenohypophyseal tissue released significantly more PRL. The morphology of allografts of neonatal hypophyseal tissue resembled that of the adult adenohypophysis in situ. Lactotrophs, corticotrophs, somatotrophs and LH-cells were observed; very few FSH-cells were present. Allografts of adult adenohypophyseal tissue contained pituitary cells, numerous cavities, often enclosing lymphoid cells, and fibrous tissue. Atypical lactotrophs were the numerically dominant cells in these allografts; all other cells were present. The LH-cells outnumbered FSH-cells. These observations suggest that: (a) development of normal adenohypophyseal morphology can occur in an ectopic position; (b) intracellular hormones are present in cells in an ectopic site; (c) development and retention of intracellular FSH is more dependent on occupation of the normal position of the adenohypophysis than is retention of intracellular LH; and (d) release of PRL occurs from atypical cells in allografts of adult adenohypophyseal tissue.
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    Fine-structural and immunohistochemical study of anterior pituitary cells of Snell dwarf mice (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 249-255 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fine structure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anterior pituitary gland ; Snell dwarf mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Snell dwarf mice display remarkable retardation of growth after birth and are known to lack prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH). The aim of this study was to determine the reason for these hormonal deficiencies. We examined the fine structure of the gland and its immunohistochemical staining pattern with respect to antisera raised against PRL, TSH, GH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The gland of control mice reacted immunohistochemically against all antisera used, whereas only ACTH-producing cells (ACTH cells) and LH-producing cells (LH cells) were distinguished in the dwarf mice. ACTH cells in dwarf mice varied in cell shape, although they were similar in size to those of controls. The distribution of secretory granules in the cytoplasm varied from cell to cell. LH cells in the dwarf mice showed immature features, having poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The cells were about half the size of controls, and secretory granules were smaller. In dwarf mice, non-granulated cells were encountered in addition to granulated ACTH and LH cells. Some of them formed small clusters, characteristic cell junctions being found between the cells; they thus appeared to be follicular cells. The above results suggest that hormone deficiency in Snell dwarf mice is a result of a defect in the hormoneproducing cells in the gland.
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    Neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity in feline dental pulp: its distribution, origin and coexistence with substance P-like immunoreactivity (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 565-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurokinin A ; Substance P ; Dental pulp ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and origin of neurokinin A (NKA)-like immunoreactivity were investigated in feline dental pulp by an indirect immunofluorescence method. NKA-containing nerve fibres with varicosities, which entered the dental pulp via apical foramen, were distributed throughout this tissue. Many NKA-containing nerve fibres were localized around blood vessels, but some were observed apart therefrom. At the odontoblastic layer, thin NKA-containing nerve fibres were observed running straight toward the pulp-predentinal border between odontoblasts. After inferior alveolar nerve section, all NKA-containing nerve fibres disappeared in the dental pulp, while the removal of the superior cervial ganglion resulted in no change in the distribution of these fibres. The correlation of NKA-like immunoreactivity and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was also investigated by double-immunofluorescence technique. The distribution of NKA-containing nerve fibres was very similar to that of SP-containing nerve fibres; it appeared that all NKA-containing nerve fibres contained SP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214004
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    Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat incisor: An immunohistochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific S-100 protein (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 13-21 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Periodontal ligament ; Incisor ; Neurofilament protein ; S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nervous elements in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of rat incisors were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The periodontal ligament in the incisors was densely innervated by NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers; the distribution of the nerve fibers and their terminations differed markedly from those in molars. NFP-positive, thick nerve bundles entered the lingual periodontal ligament through slits located in the mid-region of the alveolar socket, and immediately formed numerous Ruffini-like corpuscles. In the labial periodontal ligament, all of the NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers terminated in free endings. The restricted location of the stretch receptor, Ruffini-like corpuscle, in the lingual periodontal ligament appears to be an essential element, because this region is regularly extended during mastication. The nervous elements were restricted to the alveolar half of the periodontal ligament in every region; they avoided the dental half of the periodontal ligament, which presumably moves continuously with the tooth. Pulpal nerve fibers in incisors also showed a characteristic distribution different from those in molars; individual nerve fibers with beaded structures ran in the center of the pulp toward the incisai edge, and did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow. Immunostaining for S-100 protein revealed a distribution pattern of nervous elements similar to that for NFP, suggesting that the nerves supplying the periodontal ligament and dental pulp were mostly covered by a Schwann sheath.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215442
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    A combined histochemical and immunohistochemical study on the dynamics of fast-to-slow fiber transformation in chronically stimulated rabbit muscle (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 59-68 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Chronic stimulation ; Fiber transformation ; Myosin heavy chain isoforms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronically stimulated fast-twitch muscles of the rabbit were histochemically and immunohistochemically analyzed in serial cross sections (1) for percentages of fiber types, and (2) for the presence of myosin heavy chain isoforms during fast-to-slow transformation. By four weeks of stimulation the number of type-I fibers had increased more than fourfold, while only about 6% of the original IIB fibers remained. Type-IC and -IIC fibers transiently rose to 20% of the total fiber population. After 16 weeks, the number of type-I fibers had increased to 42%. With prolonged stimulation fewer fibers reacted with antibodies against embryonic and neonatal myosins and more with the antibody against slow myosin. The reaction for embryonic myosin was most often detected in the C fibers (IC, IIC). Immunohistochemical subtypes were observed for each fiber type in the stimulated muscles. The greatest number was seen in type-IIC fibers, which, in addition to their reaction for fast/neonatal and slow myosins, might also react with the antibodies against neonatal/embryonic and embryonic myosins. These findings indicated that the transforming fibers temporarily expressed myosin heavy chain isoforms normally not detectable in adult skeletal muscle. Myotubes reacted strongly with the antibodies against fast/neonatal and embryonic myosins, and some of them also with the antibody against slow myosin. Thus, it appears that under the influence of the low frequency stimulus pattern some of the newly formed myotubes developed into type-I fibers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220017
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    Substance P-related peptides in the hypothalamus of Amphibia (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 241-250 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P-related peptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Amphibia (Triturus cristatus, Xenopus laevis, Rana esculenta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of Substance P-(SP)-related peptides in the hypothalamus of three species of Amphibia (newt, clawed, toad, frog) was studied immunohistochemically employing the indirect immunofluorescence method or a double-step technique (indirect immunofluorescence followed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method). SP-like immunopositive fibers are seen throughout the hypothalamus. They are especially abundant in the preoptic area and in the outer zone of the median eminence, suggesting a role of SP-related peptides in the hypothalamo-hypophysial regulation in these animals. Some SP-like neurons are seen in the posterior hypothalamus and in the preoptic area. In the newt, such SP-like immunopositive neurons occur frequently in the preoptic periventricular grey.
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    Changes in surviving nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries following extrinsic denervation of the small intestine (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 647-656 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Vascular innervation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Small intestine ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropeptide content of nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries in the small intestine of guinea pigs was studied in whole-mount preparations using immunohistochemical methods. Tissues were obtained from normal animals or animals in which the small intestine had been extrinsically denervated. In normal animals, submucosal arteries are innervated by extrinsic sensory nerve fibers which contain both substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, and by sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers. In preparations obtained from animals 5–9 days after denervation, nerve fibers which contained substance P without detectable calcitonin gene-related peptide were associated with a few submucosal arteries. Nerve fibers which contained vasoactive intestinal peptide were also associated with some arteries. By 42–48 days after extrinsic denervation, substance P-containing fibers (without calcitonin gene-related peptide) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing fibers were associated with nearly every blood vessel. The extrinsic sympathetic nerve fibers did not regenerate during the course of this study. The nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries in denervated tissues were not sensitive to capsaicin treatment. The alteration in the innervation of submucosal arterioles that follows extrinsic denervation of the gut may reflect either an increase in the neuropeptide content of the fibers, synthesis of a new peptide, or an increase in the number of fibers as a result of axonal sprouting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219756
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    Immunohistochemical study of 5-HT-containing neurons in the teleost intestine: relationship to the presence of enterochromaffin cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 553-559 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine ; Neurons ; Serotonin ; Anguilla australis, Platycephalus bassensis, Tetractenos glaber (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique had shown 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing enteric neurons in the intestine of the teleost Platycephalus bassensis, but did not reveal such neurons in the intestine of Tetractenos glaber or Anguilla australis. Re-examination of these animals with 5-hydroxytryptamine immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactive enteric neurons in the intestine of all three teleost species. The 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing enteric neurons showed essentially the same morphology in all species examined: the somata were situated in the myenteric plexus, extending down into the circular muscle layer, but none were found in the submucosa; processes were found in the myenteric plexus, the circular muscle layer and the lamina propria. It was concluded that the neurons may innervate the muscle layers or the mucosal epithelium, but were unlikely to be interneurons. In a range of teleosts, enterochromaffin cells were found in the intestine of only those species in which the formaldehyde technique did not visualize neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine. Available evidence suggests that, in vertebrates, 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells are lacking only where there is an innervation of the gut mucosa by nerve fibres containing high concentrations of 5-HT.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226505
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of calbindin-D 28K (CABP28K) in the spinal cord motoneurons of teleost fish (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 629-634 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin-D 28K (CaBP28K) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Motoneurons ; Spinal cord ; Apteronotus leptorhynchus, Carrassius auratus, Pollimyrus isidori (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and localization of the calciumbinding protein, calbindin-D 28K (CaBP28K), in the spinal cord motoneurons of larvae of the teleost fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Gymnotidae) and Pollimyrus isidori (Mormyridae), and in the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae), were determined by means of immunohistochemistry. Sections of whole larvae and goldfish spinal cord were reacted with a polyclonal antibody to rat renal CaBP28K. CaBP28K was located by the PAP technique (Sternberger). It was found in the soma, dendrites, axons and axon terminals of spinal motoneurons but not in those of electromotoneurons of Apteronotus leptorhynchus, whereas it occurred in both motoneurons and electromotoneurons of the larval electric organ of Pollimyrus isidori. In these species CaBP28K was also present in the electromotoneuron axon terminals that make synaptic contacts with the pedicles of the electrocytes. In adult Carassius auratus, CaBP28K was found in the soma, dendrites and axons of certain spinal motoneurons. The results indicate that, in teleosts, the motoneurons containing CaBP28K may represent a well-defined population within the spinal cord; the role of this protein in these cells remains to be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226513
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    Two populations of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig striatum (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 219-222 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin (SRIF) ; Striatum ; Neuropeptides ; Caudate-putamen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two populations of neurons displaying somatostatin-like immunoreactivity were detected immunohistochemically in the guinea pig striatum using a monoclonal antibody. Sparse, well-stained neurons similar to those described in other species were observed throughout the guinea pig caudate-putamen. These neurons contained both neuropeptide Y and NADPH-diaphorase in addition to somatostatin. A second large population of somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in which these other substances did not coexist was found within the putamen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213846
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    Filiform papillae as a sensory apparatus in the tongue: An immunohistochemical study of nervous elements by use of neurofilamcnt protein (NFP) and S-100 protein antibodies (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 231-238 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lingual filiform papilla ; Sensory apparatus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament protein ; S-100 protein ; Cattle ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nervous elements supplying the filiform papillae of the tongue of cattle and rats were investigated using immunohistochemistry against neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The rod-shaped bovine filiform papillae were heavily keratinized along their entire length and lacked the connective tissue core that occurs in other mammals. Instead, the core was located posterior to the filiform papilla. The base of the bovine filiform papillae was invaded vertically by laminar connective tissue papillae. The core contained a large number of NFP-positive nerve fibers, most of them terminating as free endings in its anterior margin. NFP-positive nerves gathered around the anterior ridge of the epithelium at the base of the core and occasionally penetrated into the epithelium. The laminar connective tissue papillae at the base of the filiform papilla also contained NFP-positive nerve fibers. The core contained S-100-immunoreactive lamellated corpuscles, which were identified as “simple corpuscles” in electron micrographs. The structure and innervation of the bovine filiform papilla suggest that they represent a specialized sensory apparatus. The pyramidal filiform papillae of the rat were smaller, each containing a simple connective tissue core. Few NFP-positive nerve fibers from the nerve plexus entered the core. Filiform papillae are thus less specialized in rats than in cattle.
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    Distribution of glutamate decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 129-135 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) ; Nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cereal-giant interneuron system ; Insects ; Cockroach, Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) of the rat brain was used to locate GAD activity in sections of the nervous system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The sixth abdominal ganglion was chosen because electrophysiological evidence suggests the presence of GABAergic inhibitory synapses in the cereal-giant interneuron system. Groups of somata and numerous fibres and tracts were positively labelled by the GAD antiserum. A posterior group of labelled somata could be identified close to the entry of the cereal nerves. A line of somata clusters lay along a ventro-lateral furrow. Another discrete row of GAD-like cells was located dorso-laterally. Some small cells among the dorsal unpaired neurons were labelled. A small central group appeared under these cells. An abundance of GAD-like processes and transversal tracts were found within the neuropile. The different systems of GABAergic inhibitors in the ganglion are discussed; in particular we show that the fibres of cereal nerve X are not labelled. This demonstrates that the latter act on the giant fibres via interneurons. We suggest that the group that sends axons into the overlapping region between the cereal nerve and the giant fibre could be the inhibitory interneurons involved in this system.
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    Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the biliary pathway and liver of the guinea-pig: distribution and colocalization with substance P (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 145-150 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Biliary pathway ; Liver ; Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Albino guinea-pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity was localized immunohistochemically in nerve fibers innervating the biliary pathway and liver of the guinea-pig. Immunoreactive fibers are present in all layers of the gallbladder and biliary tract and are particularly numerous around blood vessels. In the liver, immunoreactive processes are usually restricted to the interlobular space and porta hepatis, and only a few, very thin, beaded processes were observed in the hepatic parenchyma. A rich innervation is also associated with the vena portae. Positive ganglion cell bodies were not visualized within the ganglionated plexus of the biliary system, whereas they were found in the myenteric and submucosal plexus in the cranial portion of the duodenum corresponding to the sphincter of Oddi. The vast majority, if not all, of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers contain substance P immunoreactivity; however, there are some substance P-containing fibers lacking calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity. The lack of co-occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P immunoreactivities in intrinsic ganglion cells suggests that these two peptides are coexpressed in the extrinsic component of the innervation of the hepatobiliary system.
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    Enterochromaffin (EC-) cells of the mammalian gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine system: cellular source of pro-dynorphin-derived peptides (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 173-179 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Opioid peptides ; Serotonin ; Enterochromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog ; Guinea-pig ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has long been disputed whether mammalian enterochromaffin (EC-) cells contain a peptide in addition to serotonin. Previous immunohistochemical studies have provided evidence for the presence of enkephalins in EC-cells. These findings, however, are equivocal. Therefore, the problem of opioid peptides in EC-cells has been re-examined in the gastro-intestinal mucosa of dog, guinea-pig and man. A battery of antisera against derivatives of pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin and pro-dynorphin have been applied to semithin serial sections of the tissues, in combination with fluorescence histochemistry and serotonin immunocytochemistry. Our findings indicate that EC-cells of the investigated species contain pro-dynorphin-related peptides, i.e. dynorphin A and α-neo-endorphin, but no derivatives from pro-opiomelanocortin or pro-enkephalin. Since remarkable interspecies variations occur with respect to the number and staining characteristics of opioid immunoreactive EC-cells, it is concluded that pro-dynorphin shows specific routes of post-translational processing depending upon the species and the gastro-intestinal segment investigated. Future studies should focus on the mutual relationships between serotonin and dynorphins and on the physiological significance of these peptides in the gastrointestinal tract.
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    Light- and electron-microscopic evidence of costoring of immunoreactive enkephalins and substance P in dorsal horn neurons of rat (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 297-303 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Substance P ; Enkephalin ; Spinal dorsal horn ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographical localization of substance P (SP) and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide (Enk-8) was examined immunohistochemically in the surface layer of the dorsal horn of rat cervical spinal cord. Although a few neurons were immunoreactive for Enk-8 in the intact animals, after an intracisternal administration of colchicine, immunoreactive Enk-8 neurons were numerous, and half of them indicated immunoreactivity also for SP. Some immunoreactive SP neurons appeared to show no immunoreactivity for Enk-8. Immuno-reactive nerve fibers, on the other hand, were numerous, and many of them contained both peptides. Electron-microscopic examination of the nerve fibers in tissue prepared by a freeze-drying procedure and stained by a postembedding procedure, revealed the costoring of both peptides in the same cored vesicles. The physiological significance of this costoring is discussed.
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    Immunohistological localization of IgG1, IgA and secretory component in the bovine mammary gland during involution (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 81-86 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Epithelial transport ; Milk secretion ; Lactation ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoperoxidase methods were used to localize secretory component, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G1 in mammary tissue from dairy cows. In lactating tissue, immunostaining for immunoglobulin A and secretory component was observed primarily in the luminal contents of alveoli. By day 2 of involution, alveolar epithelial cells stained for both immunoglobulin A and secretory component. Staining of alveolar epithelial cells for immunoglobulin A and secretory component continued throughout the period of mammary involution. No staining for secretory component was observed in the interalveolar stromal area. Immunoglobulin G1 immunostaining was localized primarily in the interalveolar areas in lactating tissue, but was localized at the apical and basolateral surface of alveolar cells on day 2 of involution. In contrast to immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G1 staining of epithelial cells did not persist and was primarily in the interalveolar areas by day 4. These results suggest that an increased localization of immunoglobulin G1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells may occur transiently in early involution, while an increase in immunoglobulin A and secretory component localization in epithelial cells persists throughout involution.
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    Localization of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in the cat medulla oblongata: their presence in the inferior olive (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 137-143 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) ; Medulla oblongata ; Inferior olive ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya, visualized by the indirect immunoperoxidase method in colchicine-pretreated cats, were localized in many discrete regions of the medulla oblongata. They were found mainly in the dorsal aspect and midline of the medulla oblongata, and more rostrally in the ventrolateral portion. Our results also demonstrated CRF-IR neurons in the rostrocaudal extent of the inferior olive, probably projecting to the cerebellar cortex via thick axons visualized along the lateral edge of the medulla. CRF-IR olivary cells were also found in the pontine cat from which the forebrain was removed, but neither in hypophysectomized nor adrenalectomized cats.
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    The innervation of the renal cortex in the dog (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 539-546 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Renal innervation ; Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes ; Dopamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cytochemical techniques were used at the ultrastructural level to study the distribution of specific axon types to different intrarenal structures in the dog. Using the chromaffin reaction to distinguish catecholaminergic fibres from other axon populations, it was found that the renal cortex of the dog is supplied only by catecholaminergic nerves. Immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) labelled all of the intracortical nerves, and 20% to 25% of these profiles also contained dopa decarboxylase (DDC)-immunoreactivity, indicating they were dopaminergic rather than noradrenergic. Both DDC-positive and DDC-negative axons were seen in close association (∼80 nm) with blood vessels and juxtaglomerular cells as well as tubular epithelial cells. The distribution of TH- and DDC-immunoreactive nerves in the renal cortex is compatible with existing functional evidence indicating that both dopaminergic and noradrenergic nerves are involved in the regulation of renal blood flow, tubular reabsorption and renin release.
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    Immunohistochemical identification of Purkinje fibers and transitional cells in a terminal portion of the impulse-conducting system of porcine heart (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 47-53 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Atrial-specific granules ; Atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) ; Purkinje fiber ; Immunohistochemistry ; Impulse-conducting system ; Swine (Sus scrofa domestica)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of porcine ventricular tissue was studied by electron microscopy and immunocytochemical techniques. Electron-dense specific granules were found in both Purkinje fibers and transitional cells in the ventricular walls, and were positively stained by the immunogold staining method using an antiserum against atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP). This suggests that both the Purkinje fibers and transitional cells display the same specific granules as atrial cardiocytes containing ANP. These results demonstrate that Purkinje fibers and two types of transitional cells, in addition to the ordinary ventricular cardiocytes, can be identified in porcine ventricular wall tissue.
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    Sauvagine-like and corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 29-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sauvagine ; Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anterior preoptic area ; Median eminence ; Pars nervosa ; Pars intermedia, of pituitary ; (Anura) Rana catesbeiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical methods were used to investigate the occurrence and distribution of sauvagine, corticotropin-releasing factor-, or urotensin I-like immunoreactivities (SVG-ir, CRF-ir, UI-ir, respectively) in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) brain, using specific antisera raised against non-conjugated SVG, ovine CRF, rat/human CRF, and UI. In the hypothalamus, SVG-ir was found in the magnocellular perikarya, in the dorsal and ventral regions of the preoptic nucleus, and in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal projections to the external zone as well as the internal zone of the median eminence, to pars nervosa, and in fibres running from the pars nervosa to the pars intermedia of the pituitary. In contrast, CRF-ir was found only in parvocellular perikarya, mainly localized in the rostro-ventral part of the preoptic nucleus, with fine processes protruding through the ependyma of the third ventricle, fibre projections terminating in the anterior preoptic area and in the neuropil of the periventricular gray, and a caudal projection to the external zone of the median eminence. No CRF-ir staining was seen in the pars nervosa and pars intermedia. The use of UI-specific antisera failed to give a positive response in the frog brain. It is concluded that, in the frog brain, two anatomically different CRF-like (or SVG-like) systems co-exist, comparable to the reported co-existence of UI-ir and CRF-ir neuronal systems in fish brain.
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    Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the slug Limax maximus (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; FMRFamide ; Nervous system ; Neurotransmitter ; Neurohormone ; Limax maximus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of the slug Limax maximus was studied using immunohistochemical methods. Approximately one thousand FMRFamide-like immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the central nervous system. Ranging between 15 μm and 200 μm in diameter, they were found in all 11 ganglia of the central nervous system. FMRFamide-like immunoreactive cell bodies were also found at peripheral locations on buccal nerve roots. FMRFamide-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were present in peripheral nerve roots and were distributed extensively throughout the neuropil and cell body regions of the central ganglia. They were also present in the connective tissue of the perineurium, forming an extensive network of varicose fibres. The large number, extensive distribution and great range in size of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive cell bodies and the wide distribution of immunoreactive fibres suggest that FMRFamide-like peptides might serve several different functions in the nervous system of the slug.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221741
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    Thyrotropes in the pituitary are target cells for 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 ; Thyrotropes ; Autoradiography ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the anterior pituitary of the rat, target cells of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 are identified as those that secrete thyroid stimulating hormone by means of a combined technique of thaw-mount autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. The results for the first time provide evidence that suggests a central effect of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on the modulation of thyrotropin secretion in a manner similar to that of other steroid hormones at the level of the pituitary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219932
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    Distribution of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP)-containing cells in the rat heart and pulmonary vein Immunohistochemical study and radioimmunoassay (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 541-546 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic polypeptide ; Lung ; Pulmonary vein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) was immunohistochemically surveyed in the rat heart and lung using an antiserum raised against α-human ANP. The ANP-immunoreactive cells were seen to be distributed in the atrial walls and proximal portions of the pulmonary vein and venae cavae, but were absent from the aorta, pulmonary arteries, trachea, bronchus, and alveolar cells. The immunoreactive cells were present in a narrow region just beneath the endothelium of the pulmonary vein and vena cavae, and, ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically, were seen to be striated muscle cells with ANP-containing specific granules similar to those seen in atrial cardiocytes. A radioimmunoassay for ANP revealed a content of 604±51 pg/mg wet weight in the pulmonary vein, and 3343±1620 pg/mg wet weight in the venae cavae. In addition to the atrial wall, the proximal portion of both the pulmonary vein and venae cavae are suggested to be constituents of an ANP-producing organ.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214001
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    Indications for the presence of two populations of serotonin-containing pinealocytes in the pineal complex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 115-122 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Third ventricle ; Golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the pineal complex of the golden hamster by use of the indirect immunohistochemical technique. The superficial and deep portions of the pineal gland, and also the pineal stalk exhibited an intense cellular immunoreaction for serotonin. In addition, perivascular serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed. Some serotonin-immunoreactive processes of the pinealocytes terminated on the surface of the ventricular lumen in the pineal and suprapineal recesses, indicating a receptive or secretory function of these cells. Several serotonin-immunoreactive processes connected the deep pineal with the habenular area. One week after bilateral removal of both superior cervical ganglia the serotonin immunoreaction of the entire pineal complex was greatly decreased. However, some cells in the pineal complex, of which several exhibited a neuron-like morphology, remained intensively stained after ganglionectomy. This indicates that the indoleamine content of some cells in the pineal complex of the golden hamster is independent of the sympathetic innervation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213832
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    The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gastrointestinal tract of reptiles, birds and a prototherian mammal (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 633-639 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Intestine, small ; Enteric neurns ; Adrenergic neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chelodina longicollis (Chelonia) ; Leiolopisma guichenoti (Lacertilia) ; Pseudonaja textilis (Serpentes) ; Acridotheres tristis (Aves) ; Domestic fowl (Aves) ; Melopsittacus undulatus (Aves) ; Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gut of several species of birds and reptiles, and of a prototherian mammal, the platypus, was studied using a monoclonal antibody. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity was found in enterochromaffin cells and, in birds, in thrombocytes. Immunoreactivity was not found in enteric neurons fixed immediately after dissection. A detailed study was made on one avian species, the budgerigar. Following incubation of intestine in physiological solution, immunore-activity was found in nerve fibres in the gut wall that was more marked after incubation with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline. These fibres took up exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine. Similar fibres were found in the intestinal nerves and in perivascular plexuses on mesenteric arteries. Both the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and the appearance of neuronal immunoreactivity after incubation were inhibited by the amine uptake inhibitors desmethylimipramine or fluoxetine. Fibres taking up 5-hydroxytryptamine were damaged by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. It was concluded that the fibres showing immunoreactivity after incubation were adrenergic fibres that had taken up 5-hydroxytryptamine released in vitro from enterochromaffin cells or thrombocytes. These, and more limited observations made on the other species, suggest that birds, reptiles and prototherian mammals lack enteric neurons that use 5-hydroxytryptamine as a transmitter substance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214012
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for ecdysteroid-like material in the putative molting glands of Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 263-266 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ecdysial glands ; Ecdysteroids ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda, Antennata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ecdysteroid-like material was demonstrated by means of immunhistochemistry in the anterior body region of Lithobius forficatus with the use of an antiserum against an ecdysone-methoxim-BSA-conjugate in conjunction with a modified PAP-method (Sternberger and Joseph 1979). This material is restricted to a tissue formed by podocytes loosely surrounding the salivary glands. Earlier ultrastructural, experimental and biochemical in vitro investigations indicated that this tissue represents the ecdysial glands; this interpretation is now strengthened by immunohistochemical evidence. Reactivity within the cells occurs predominantly in cytosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221763
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    Localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated and untreated rats An immunohistochemical study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 397-401 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Colonie mucosal epithelium ; Cytochrome P-450 ; 3-Methylcholanthrene ; 7-Ethoxycoumarin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western-blotting ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated and untreated rats was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody staining technique. A polyclonal antibody for cytochrome P-450MC purified from hepatic microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats was used for this experiment. A strong immunofluorescence was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the colon of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. A faint immunofluorescence was also observed in the epithelium of untreated rats. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of colonic microsomes was significantly enhanced by 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreatment in parallel with an increase in the intensity of immunostaining for cytochrome P-450MC in Western blotting analysis. This is the first report on the localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214382
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    TRH-like immunoreactivity in endocrine cells and neurons in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat and guinea pig (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 347-356 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Stomach ; Intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ; Somatostatin ; Avian pancreatic polypeptide ; Insulin ; Gastrin ; Rat ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the cellular localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in the gastrointestinal tract of rats and guinea pigs of different ages. TRH-like immunoreactivity (LI) was observed in many pancreatic islet cells of young rats and guinea pigs but only in single cells of 6-month-old rats. In aged guinea pigs, a reduction in the number of TRH-positive cells was evident; however, numerous strongly fluorescent cells were still present. In the guinea pig, TRH-LI was in addition observed in gastrin cells in the stomach. TRH-positive nerve fibers occurred in the myenteric plexus of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of the rat, and in the muscle layers of the guinea pig. These results suggest a functional role of TRH both as hormone and neuroactive compound in various portions and sites of the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat and guinea pig
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222291
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    Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in Rathke's cysts of the human pituitary gland (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 419-424 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Rathke's cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Vimentin ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed the presence of cytokeratins in epithelial cells of Rathke's cysts in the pars intermedia of the human pituitary gland. With monoclonal antibodies specific for individual cytokeratins, the expression of CK 18, CK 8, CK 7, and CK 19 could be shown in these cells. Within the hypophysis, CK 19 and CK 7 were restricted to Rathke's cysts and a few epithelial cell clusters in the pars tuberalis, whereas other cytokeratins were also present in endocrine cells of the pars distalis. Furthermore, vimentin and, focally, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected in the cystic epithelia. By double labelling, coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin, GFAP and cytokeratin, and GFAP and vimentin could be demonstrated. Compiled data of all known cases of coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in normal cells reveal physiological correlations and suggest a functional significance of this rare type of coexpression of intermediate filament proteins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222299
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    Atrial-specific granules in the hearts of normal and water-deprived rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 547-552 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial-specific granule ; Atrial natriuretic polypeptide ; Water deprivation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of atrial-specific granules, which contain atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), was studied in the cardiac tissue of untreated controls and water-deprived rats by means of conventional and immunoelectron microscopy. Immature secretory vesicles or granules appeared to become buded off from the Golgi cisternae and then fused to form specific A-granules. An electron-dense plate with a fuzzy coat was frequently found on the limiting membrane at the end of such fusion. Pale specific B-granules, which were less electron-dense, larger, and more granular than A-granules, were found in small numbers in the left atrial cardiocytes, but rarely in the right ones. Very pale granules with a less granular matrix, considered to be B-type granules which had lost their electron-density, and which had less immunoreactivity for ANP, were numerous in the cardiac tissue after water deprivation. This morphological change, which is interpreted as an indication of granule degradation, was in agreement with the noted increase of natriuretic activity in the atrial tissue of water-deprived specimens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219745
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    Distribution of subgroups of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive and noradrenergic nerves in the female rat uterine cervix (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 533-541 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Noradrenaline ; Uterus ; Immunohistochemistry ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat, Sprague-Dawley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerves in the uterine cervix of the rat were examined with regard to co-existence of markers for noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y, and differential tissue innervation by nerves containing different combinations of these markers. Immunohistochemical labeling of single and adjacent serial cryostat sections, and double labeling was employed. Some animals were treated with the noradrenergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine. In control animals neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were numerous in the myometrium and around arteries; noradrenergic fibers were few in the myometrium and moderate in number around arteries. Myometrial neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were not decreased, but apparently increased, in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats; in contrast, perivascular neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were markedly reduced, but not totally absent. Noradrenergic fibers were absent in the myometrium and around arteries following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Labeling of adjacent sections and double labeling revealed coincident labeling of markers for neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline in perivascular, but not myometrial, nerves. We concluded that most myometrial neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves did not contain noradrenaline since they were not sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine and did not stain doubly; however, perivascular neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers which degenerated after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and did label doubly must co-store noradrenaline. Some neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive perivascular fibers may contain neuropeptide Y but not noradrenaline. Thus, it appears there is a differential innervation of tissues in the cervix by neuropeptide Y/noradrenergic nerves; this could reflect a differential regulation of tissues innervated by these nerves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216640
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    Distribution and ontogeny of VIP-like immunoreactivity in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system of a cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus stellaris (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Ontogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Scyliorhinus stellaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence, distribution and development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system of a cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus stellaris (L.) was investigated by immunohistochemical methods utilizing mammalian VIP antisera. In the gut VIP-like immunoreactivity was observed in both nerves and endocrine cells. Endocrine cells with VIP-like material were only detected in the intestinal epithelium while nerve fibres containing VIP-like material were noted along the whole gastro-entero-pancreatic system, being more numerous in the pyloric sphincter and in the intestinal portion. Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were encountered in the stomach and intestinal portions localized in the submucosa and in the myenteric plexus. Intestinal immunoreactive endocrine cells were already present in the first developmental stage considered (embryos aged 4 months). They grow in number and before birth reach a frequency higher than in adults. Nerves and cell bodies showing VIP-like immunoreactivity, appear later, before birth, as a few elements in the smooth muscular layer, but only after birth their distribution and frequency are similar to those found in adults. The faint immunofluorescence shown by the immunoreactive endocrine cells and their developmental pattern, which is always different from that observed in nervous elements, suggest the presence of at least two VIP-like substances in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system of S. stellaris.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221735
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    Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in the slug Limax maximus (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 77-81 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; GABA ; Nervous system ; Neurotransmitter ; Limax maximus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the distribution of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of the slug Limax maximus. Approximately 170 GABA-like immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the central nervous system. These were located in the cerebral, buccal and pedal ganglia. Most GABA-like immunoreactive neurons had small cell bodies, which were aggregated into discrete clusters within the cerebral and pedal ganglia. Three pairs of longer, uniquely identifiable, GABA-like immunoreactive cells were found in the cerebral ganglion. GABA-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were also found in all of the central ganglia but were absent from peripheral nerves. These results suggest that GABA acts as a central neurotransmitter in the slug. The possible roles of GABA-ergic neurotransmission in the slug are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221742
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    Developmental study of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the neurohypophysis and intermediate lobe of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 499-509 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pituitary ; Development ; Aging ; Neurohypophysis ; Intermediate lobe ; Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Macaca mulatta (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the development and distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers in the neurohypophysis of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) throughout life and the relationship of these fibers to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vasculature. In rhesus monkeys, which varied in age from fetal life to 34 years, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were present at all ages examined. In adult monkeys, varicose neuropeptide Y-labeled fibers were concentrated in the upper infundibular stem in association with capillary loops of the portal vasculature and the long portal vessels. Other fibers travelled down the infundibular stem and were distributed at the junction of the lower infundibular stem and infundibular process in the vicinity of the short portal vessels. In the infundibular process, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were concentrated along the border of the intermediate lobe. Other stained fibers were sparsely distributed in the infundibular process and were often associated with small vessels. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity was also located in a few fibers and cells of the intermediate lobe. Very few labeled fibers were seen in the fetal neurohypophysis, but their number increased gradually during the first postnatal year. At two years of age, a high density of stained fibers was observed, especially in the infundibular process. The number of axons in the infundibular process was lower at 12 years and continued to decline until 34 years of age. Neuropeptide Y may modulate hormone release at these sites and may also be released directly into vessels in the infundibular process. The close association of neuropeptide Y-labeled fibers with capillaries of the portal vasculature strongly suggests that neuropeptide Y is released into the portal blood of monkeys throughout life and may influence hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland.
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    Induction of homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 37-41 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Homologous recombination ; UV induction ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the effects of UV irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to distinguish whether UV-induced recombination results from the induction of enzymes required for homologous recombination, of the production of substrate sites for recombination containing regions of DNA damage. We utilized split-dose experiments to investigate the induction of proteins required for survival, gene conversion, and mutation in a diploid strain of S. cerevisiae. We demonstrate that inducing doses of UV irradiation followed by a 6 h period of incubation render the cells resistant to challenge doses of UV irradiation. The effects of inducing and challenge doses of UV irradiation upon interchromosomal gene conversion and mutation are strictly additive. Using the yeast URA3 gene cloned in non-replicating single- and double-stranded plasmid vectors that integrate into chromosomal genes upon transformation, we show that UV irradiation of haploid yeast cells and homologous plasmid DNA sequences each stimulate homologous recombination approximately two-fold, and that these effects are additive. Non-specific DNA damage has little effect on the stimulation of, homologous recombination, as shown by studies in which UV-irradiated heterologous DNA was included in transformation/recombination experiments. We further demonstrate that the effect of competing single- and double-stranded heterologous DNA sequences differs in UV-irradiated and unirradiated cells, suggesting an induction of recombinational machinery in UV-irradiated S. cerevisiae cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340176
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    Precise excision of bacterial transposon Tn 5 in yeast (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 388-393 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Tn5 ; Transposon excision ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have demonstrated that precise excision of bacterial transposon Tn5 can occur in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tn5 insertions in the yeast gene LYS2 were generated by transposon mutagenesis made in Escherichia coli by means of a λ::Tn5 vector. Nine insertions of Tn5 into the structural part of the yeast LYS2 gene situated in a shuttle epsiomal plasmid were selected. All the plasmids with a Tn5 insertion were used to transform yeast strains carrying a deletion of the entire LYS2 gene or a deletion of the part of LYS2 overlapping the point of insertion. All insertions inactivated the LYS2 gene and were able to revert with low (about 10-8) frequencies to lysine prototrophy. Restriction analysis of revertant plasmids revealed them to be indistinguishable from the original plasmid without Tn5 insertion. DNA sequencing of the regions containing the points of insertions, made for two revertants, proved that Tn5 excision was completely precise.
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    The detection of mitotic and meiotic aneuploidy in yeast using a gene dosage selection system (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1988), S. 10-18 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Aneuploidy ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate ; Mitosis ; Meiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A system is described in which spontaneous and chemically-induced mitotic and meiotic hyperploidy can be assayed in the same diploid culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Monitoring gene dosage changes at two loci on chromosome VIII, the test utilizes a leaky temperature-sensitive allele arg4-8 and low level copper resistance conferred by the single copy allele cup1 s. An extra chromosome VIII provides simultaneous increased dosage for both genes, resulting in colonies that are both prototrophic for arginine at 30° C and copper resistant. During mitotic cell divisions in diploids, spontaneous chromosome VIII hyperploids (trisomes and tetrasomes) occur at a frequency of 6.4×10-6 per viable cell. Among ascospores, the spontaneous chromosome VIII disome frequency is 5.5×10-6 per viable spore. The tubulin-binding reagent methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) elicits enhanced levels of mitotic and meiotic aneuploidy relative to control levels. The system represents a novel model for examining chromosome behavior during mitosis and meiosis and provides a sensitive and quantifiable procedure for examining chemically induced aneuploidy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331296
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    Genetic characterization of hyperresistance to formaldehyde and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 260-265 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Mutagen resistance ; Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide ; Multi-copy plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hyperresistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and formaldehyde (FA) of yeast strains transformed with the multi-copy plasmids pAR172 and pAR184, respectively, is due to the two genes, SNQ and SFA, which are present on these plasmids. Restriction analysis revealed the maximal size of SFA as 2.7 kb and of SNQ as 2.2 kb, including transcription control elements. The presence of the smallest 2.7 kb subclone carrying SFA increased hyperresistance to formaldehyde fivefold over that of the original pAR184 isolate. No such increase in hyperresistance to 4-NQO was seen with the smaller subclones of the pAR172 isolate. Disruption of the SFA gene led to a threefold increase in sensitivity to FA as compared with the wild type. Expression of gene SNQ introduced on a multi-copy vector into haploid yeast mutants rad2, rad3, and snm1 did not complement these mutations that block excision repair.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330602
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    An endo-exonuclease activity of yeast that requires a functional RAD52 gene (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 41-48 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: RAD52 ; Repair ; Nuclease ; Antibody ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Extracts of Rad+ and radiation-sensitive (rad) mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for total Mg2+-dependent alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity and the presence of a nuclease that crossreacts immunologically with an antiserum raised against an endoexonuclease from Neurospora crassa, an enzyme exhibiting both deoxyribo- and ribonuclease activities. No significant differences were observed in total deoxyribonuclease activity between Rad+ and rad mutants. The antibody precipitable activity, however, was found to be 30%–40% of the total alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity in logarithmically growing Rad+ cells. Extracts of stationary phase cells were lacking in antibody precipitable activity. Using immunoblot methods, a 72 kDa crossreacting protein was identified from logarithmically growing cells that was absent from stationary phase cells. In all radiation-sensitive mutants examined, except rad52, at least 20% of total activity was precipitable. Extracts from logarithmically growing rad52 mutants, including a rad52::LEU2 insertion mutant, exhibited less than 10% of the Rad+ precipitable activity; however, some crossreacting material was detected. Although, the level of endo-exonuclease activity is influenced by the RAD52 gene, it is not the product of this gene. The total deoxyribonuclease and the antibody precipitable endo-exonuclease activities were also followed during meiosis. Unlike the Rad+ strain which had previously been shown to have increased levels of total and immunoprecipitable endo-exonuclease as cells underwent meiosis, the rad52 mutant exhibited no increases in either category of nuclease activity. Given the importance of the RAD52 gene in repair, recombination and mutagenesis, the endo-exonuclease may be a significant component of these processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338391
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    Mutations in the NAM2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. douglasii are clustered non-randomly as a result of constraints on the nucleic acid sequence and not on the protein (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 310-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondria ; tRNA synthetase gene ; Distribution of mutations ; Genetic drift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We present a statistical study of the nature and distribution of mutations along the NAM2 gene coding for the mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. douglasii (Herbert et al. 1988). Two important facts are observed: (1) the relative frequency of transitions and transversions is the same among silent substitutions and replacements. (2) The two kinds of mutations (silent substitutions and replacements) are distributed in the same way along the gene. This distribution is not random; the mutations are clustered and the clusters are regularly spaced along the gene. The NAM2 gene offers an example spaced along the gene. The NAM2 gene offers an example of recent divergence. We show that, in this case, the fixation of mutations is the result of genetic drift and of constraints on the nucleic acid sequence and not on that of the protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339596
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    Divergence of the mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase genes in two closely related yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces douglasii: A paradigm of incipient evolution (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 297-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondria ; pre-mRNA splicing ; tRNA synthetase gene ; Incipient evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied the NAM2 genes of Saccharomyces douglasii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and showed that they are interchangeable for all the known functions of these genes, both mitochondrial protein synthesis and mitochondrial mRNA splicing. This confirms the prediction that the S. douglasii NAM2D gene encodes the mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.4). The observation that these enzymes are interchangeable for their mRNA splicing functions, even though there are significant differences in the intron/exon structure of their mitochondrial genome, suggests that they may have a general role in yeast mitochondrial RNA splicing. A short open reading frame (ORF) precedes the synthetase-encoding ORF, and we showed that at least in S. cerevisiae this is not essential for the expression of the gene; however, it may be involved in a more subtle type of regulation. Sequence comparisons of S. douglasii and S. cerevisiae revealed a particularly interesting situation from the evolutionary point of view. It appears that the two yeasts have diverged relatively recently: there is remarkable nucleotide sequence conservation, with no deletions or insertions, but numerous (albeit non-saturating) silent substitutions resulting from transitions. This applies not only to the NAM2 coding regions, but also to two other ORFs flanking the NAM2 ORF. The regions between the ORFs (believed to be intergenic regions) are much less conserved, with several deletions and insertions. Thus S. douglasii and S. cerevisiae provide an ideal system for the study of molecular evolution, being two yeasts “caught in the act” of speciation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339595
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    Rad3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Overexpression and preliminary characterization using specific antibodies (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 400-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA repair ; RAD3 gene expression ; Fusion proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cloned RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was tailored into expression vectors for overexpression of Rad3 protein in Escherichia coli and in yeast. In both organisms the overexpressed protein is detected as a species of molecular weight ca. 90 kDa, the size expected from the sequence of the cloned gene. The protein overexpressed in E. coli is largely insoluble; however the insoluble fraction was used to generate affinity-purified polyclonal antisera which proved to be powerful reagents for the initial characterization of Rad3 protein expressed in yeast. These studies showed that: (1) when overexpressed in yeast most of the Rad3 protein is detected in the soluble fraction of cell extracts; (2) endogenous Rad3 protein is untransformed cells is also ca. 90 kDa in size and is located in the cell nucleus; (3) Rad3/β-galactosidase fusion protein partially purified on an affinity matrix is associated with DNA-dependent ATPase activity that is inhibited in the presence of anti-Rad3 antibodies, suggesting that Rad3 protein is an ATPase; and (4) Rad3 antibodies cross-react with two electrophoretically distinguishable polypeptides present in the nuclear fraction of human cells, and with a single polypeptide in extracts of Drosophila cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339609
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    Amplification of plasmid copy number by thymidine kinase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Copy number ; Thymidine kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 2 μm circle-based chimaeric plasmid containing the yeast LEU2 and the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) genes was constructed. Transformants grown under selective conditions for the LEU2 gene harboured the plasmid at about 15 copies per cell whilst selection for the HSV-1 TK gene led to an increase to about 100 copies per cell. Furthermore, the plasmid copy number could be controlled by the stringency of selection for the TK gene, and the increase in TK gene dosage was reflected in an increase in intracellular thymidine kinase activity. The mitotic stability of the plasmid in “high-copy” and “low-copy” number cells was determined. “High-copy” number cells showed a greater mitotic stability. The relationship of TK expression to plasmid copy number may be useful for the isolation of plasmid copy number mutants in yeast and the control of heterologous gene expression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338407
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    The same configuration of Ty elements promotes different types and frequencies of rearrangements in different yeast strains (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 272-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ty elements ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We examined Ty-mediated genomic rearrangements in three related mitotically dividing haploid yeast strains having the same configuration of Ty elements in the CYC1-sup4 interval of chromosome X. Surprisingly, quite different types and frequencies of rearrangements were found in the three strains. In one strain we found only Ty-mediated deletions, which occurred with a frequency of about 1×10-6. Another strain yielded similar deletions, but approximately one-third of these were accompanied by adjacent Ty-mediated inversions. A third strain was found to have an extremely high rate of inversion/reinversion between two of the three Ty elements. This rate was conservatively estimated to be 1.4±0.2×10-2 per cell per generation, which is at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported values for Ty-mediated rearrangements. These data provide evidence that local regions of the genome can, in some cases, be much more fluid than had been previously believed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330604
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    SCO1, a yeast nuclear gene essential for accumulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 492-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cytochrome c oxidase ; Mitochondria ; PET genes ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have identified and isolated a novel yeast nuclear gene (SCO1) which is essential for accumulation of the mitochondrially synthesized subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (CoxII). Analysis of the mitochondrial translation products in a sco1-1 mutant reveals a strong reduction in CoxII. Examination of mitochondrial transcripts by Northern blot hybridization shows that transcription and transcript maturation of OXI1, the gene coding for CoxII, is not affected. Therefore the SCO1 gene product must be involved in a post-transcriptional step in the synthesis of CoxII. We have isolated a 1.7 kb DNA fragment from a yeast gene bank which carries the functional SCO1 gene. Two RNA species of 0.9 kb and 1.2 kb, respectively, hybridize with this DNA fragment, which is localized on chromosome II. Cells whose chromosomal 1.7 kb fragment has been replaced by the yeast URA3 gene fail to accumulate CoxII and in addition subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (CoxI). The possibility that the SCO1 gene product is bifunctional, i.e. required for both CoxI and CoxII accumulation, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425706
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    Genetic mapping of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase I gene and characterization of a pol1 temperaturesensitive mutant altered in DNA primase-polymerase complex stability (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 212 (1988), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA primase-polymerase complex ; Temperature sensitive mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cloned DNA polymerase I gene has been used to map the POL1 locus on the left arm of chromosome XIV, between MET4 and TOP2. Temperature-sensitive mutants in POL1 have been obtained by in vitro mutagenesis of the cloned gene and in vivo replacement of the wild-type allele with the mutated copy. Physiological and biochemical characterization of one temperature-sensitive mutant (pol1-1) shows that cells shifted to the non-permissive temperature can complete one round of cell division and DNA replication before they arrest. Analysis of DNA polymerase I in crude extracts and in partially purified preparations indicates that the pol1-1 mutation results in a conformational change and affects the stability of the DNA primase-polymerase complex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330850
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    Palindrome-hairpin linear plasmids possessing only a part of the ORF1 gene of the yeast killer plasmid pGKL1 (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1988), S. 46-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; pGKL plasmids ; Palindrome-hairpin linear plasmids ; the ORF1 gene ; DNA polymerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis haboring linear DNA plasmids pGKL1 and pGKL2 exhibits killer and killer-resistant phenotypes. Two new linear plasmids pK192L and pK192S were found in the weak killer mutant KUV192 induced by UV irradiation. pK192S was always accompanied by pK192L in subclones of KUV192. Both plasmids were derived from pGKL1 by deletion of the large right part of it. pK192L was 4.9 kb in size and had a palindromic structure consisting of 2.35 kb inverted terminal repetitions and a 215 base unique sequence. Analysis of denatured and renatured DNA strands suggested that pK192S was a hairpin-like form of pK192L. The pK192 plasmids were maintained only in cells haboring either pGKL1 or pGKL1S in addition to pGKL2 and competed with pGKL1 or pGKL1S for their maintenance. Since no complete ORF1 was conserved in pK192 plasmids, these results lead to the conclusion that the ORF1 gene is necessary for the replication and/or maintenance of pGKL1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331301
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    The structure and regulation of phosphoglucose isomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1988), S. 100-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Phosphoglucose isomerease ; Regulation ; Metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned and sequenced the PGI1 gene, encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (E.C.5.3.1.9), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence predicts subunits of 554 amino acids with a molecular weight of 61230. Both the size and amino acid composition correlate well with measurements from purified protein. We have compared the PGI1 protein with the predicted sequence for pig muscle PGI. In spite of some evolutionary divergence the proteins are very similar and there are some highly conserved regions, two of which have been implicated in the active site. It has been suggested that PGI exists in two or more isozyme forms in S. cerevisiae and analogy with ADR2/ADC1 suggests that such PGI isozymes might also be differentially regulated during glycolytic/gluconeogenic growth. We have used accurate quantitation of PGI1 mRNA and gene fusions of PGI1 to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli to show that PGI1 transcription is regulated neither between glycolytic and gluconeogenic growth nor between exponential and stationary phase. The complete lack of PGI activity in PGI1 deletion mutants and of differential regulation suggests that the isozymes of PGI might result merely from processing of the PGI1 gene product.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331310
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    Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and glucagon cells in the pancreatic islet of Xiphophorus helleri h. (Teleostei) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) ; Glucagon ; Pancreatic islet ; Xiphophorus helleri ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude immunohistochimique de l'îlot pancréatique du poisson téléostéen Xiphophorus helleri, à l'aide de sérums anti-polypeptide pancréatique (PP) et anti-glucagon a permis de montrer que deux populations cellulaires distinctes sont responsables de la sécrétion de ces hormones. L'observation comparée de coupes sériées, ultrafines et semifines, traitées par la technique immunohistochimique, a démontré que les cellules à PP correspondent aux cellules qui avaient été précédemment définies, dans cette espèce, comme “cellules A2 à grains ronds” et que les cellules sécrétrices de glucagon sont les “cellules A2 à grains cristallins”. L'hypothèse de l'existence de deux catégories de cellules à glucagon chez les téléostéens est abandonnée.
    Notes: Summary Correlative immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies on the pancreatic islet of the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri using antibodies to pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon show that separate cell types are responsible for the production of these peptides. The PP-cells correspond to the previously described “A2-cells with round granules”, while the “A2-cells with crystalline granules” are the true glucagon cells. An earlier suggestion that there are two types of glucagon cells in teleost islets is therefore withdrawn.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234679
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    An intermittent somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the cortex and basal ganglia of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Cortical cells and fibers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using light microscopic immunohistochemistry, somatostatinpositive structures were observed in the cortex of the rat. These structures, including cells and fibers, are widely distributed in all cortical laminae and are also found in the basal ganglia. The positive results were obtained exclusively in two groups of animals sacrificed during two different months of two subsequent years. The reason for this variability in the immunocytochemical stainability of cortical structures remains enigmatic.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234691
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    LHRH-systems in the brain of the golden hamster (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 239-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hamster ; LHRH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Olfactory systems ; Feedback loops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vibra tome sections of male hamster brains were treated immunohistochemically with LHRH antiserum, and the anatomical distribution of LHRH immunoreactive cells and nerve fibers was assessed. LHRH-cell bodies are found in the ventral hypothalamus that includes its preoptic, anterior and central parts, in the septum, the olfactory tubercle, the main and accessory olfactory bulb, and the prepiriform cortex. In addition, extracerebral LHRH-neurons and ganglia exist in LHRH-positive nerves at the ventromedial surface of the olfactory tubercle and bulb as well as in olfactory nerves. Dense networks of LHRH-immunoreactive fibers are found in all regions where LHRH-cell bodies exist. Intraseptal connections reach the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the subfornical organ, and the lateral ventricle. Dorsolateral projections from the septum can be traced via the fimbria hippocampi and alveus to the ventral hippocampus, via the stria terminalis to the amygdala and piriform cortex. Ventrolateral projections extend from the level of the olfactory tubercle and preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the prepiriform and piriform cortex as well as the amygdala. Dorsal supracallosal projections via the stria longitudinalis are seen in the induseum griseum and the cingulate cortex. Caudal efferents reach the habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, midbrain raphe, and central gray of the rostral fourth ventricle via the stria medullaris and fasciculus retroflexus and by a ventral projection via the periventricular and subventricular hypothalamus. A major portion of this ventrocaudal projection gives rise to a dense network in the median eminence. Anatomical relationships of LHRH-fibers to certain regions of the inner ventricular and outer brain surface are noted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237629
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    Neuronal systems immunologically related to the somatostatin system in the garden dormouse (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 455-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adrenalgland ; Garden dormouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells and fibers containing somatostatin (SRIF) or SRIF-like peptides were detected immunocytochemically in the brain of the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus L.). The periventricular preoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus encompass a component of the SRIF-immunoreactive hypothalamoinfundibular and hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal systems. The suprachiasmatic, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei contain a number of SRIF-positive cells and receive a rich SRIF innervation. The extrahypothalamic systems containing SRIF can be subdivided into the following groups: (1) Afferents, the cellular origin of which is not always clearly evident, i.e., fibers of the septum, the lateral preoptic area, the thalamus, the superior olivary nucleus, the mesencephalic gray matter, and the subfornical organ; (2) dispersed cells with short projections (neocortex, caudate nucleus, putamen); (3) scattered cells with short projections (nucleus accumbens) or innervating remote territories (nucleus interpeduncularis); (4) vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, a neurohemal area comparable to the median eminence. These observations lead to a theory of a functional bipotentiality of the somatostatin molecule. Immunocytological results depend on the antisera employed, the type of fixation and the experimental conditions. Adrenalectomy is followed by an accumulation of immunoreactive material in all SRIF-containing systems of the brain. These results clearly indicate that SRIF participates in the function of the CRF-ACTH-adrenal axis. The endocrine disturbance induced by adrenalectomy appears to modify the activity of both the neurohormonal and neuromodulator components of the SRIF system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234758
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    Prolactin immunoreactivity of acidophils of the small granule type (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars distalis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prolactin ; LH gonadotroph ; Acidophil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of some oval anterior pituitary cells of the adult male rats immunostained with an antiserum to rat prolactin was investigated electron microscopically on the adjacent thin sections. Their fine structural appearance is identical with that of acidophils of the small granule type (Yoshimura et al. 1974) resembling the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotrophs. The secretory granules of the oval cells are spherical in shape, ranging from 130 to 200 nm in diameter. Large polymorphic granules, which are generally believed to be characteristic of prolactin cells, are absent from their cytoplasm. It is concluded that the acidophil of the small granule type with a similar fine structure to the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotroph is a prolactin secreting cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233718
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    Light and electron microscopic observation on the appearance of immunoreactive LHRH in perinatal rat hypothalamus (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 465-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Light and electron microscopy ; Median eminence ; Hypothalamus ; Perinatal rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance and localization of LHRH were studied in the developing hypothalamus of perinatal rats using the unlabelled antibody method. By light microscopy, immunoreactive LHRH was first detected as brown dots on day 18.5 of gestation in the OVLT and on day 19.5 in the median eminence, respectively. When the median eminence was examined by the preembedding immunohistochemistry technique for electron microscopy, the occurrence of immunoreactive LHRH fibers could be demonstrated on day 18.5. These fibers were thin and very occasionally encountered near the surface of the lateral regions of the median eminence. The axoplasm contained a few immunopositive secretory granules and also extragranular immunoreactive products. With development, a gradual increase was noted both in number and size of nerve fibers with a concomitant accumulation of secretory granules within the axoplasm. A possible physiological significance of LHRH is discussed in relation to the onset of hypothalamo-hypophysial system in fetal life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237891
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