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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterially active substituted anilides of carboxylic and sulfonic acids (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 26 (1983), S. 1741-1746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00366a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple independent regulatory pathways control UBI4 expression after heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transcription of the polyubiquitin gene UBI4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strongly induced by a variety of environmental stresses, such as heat shock, nutrient depletion and exposure to DNA-damaging agents. This transcriptional response of UBI4 is likely to be the primary mechanism for increasing the pool of ubiquitin for degradation of stress-damaged proteins. Deletion and promoter fusion studies of the 5′ regulatory sequences indicated that two different elements, heat shock elements (HSEs) and stress response element (STREs), contributed independently to heat shock regulation of the UBI4 gene. In the absence of HSEs, STRE sequences localized to the intervals −264 to −238 and −215 to −183 were needed for stress control of transcription after heat shock. Site-directed mutagenesis of the STRE (AG4) at −252 to −248 abolished heat shock induction of UBI4 transcription. Northern analysis demonstrated that cells containing either a temperature-sensitive HSF or non-functional Msn2p/Msn4p transcription factors induced high levels of UBI4 transcripts after heat shock. In cells deficient in both heat stress pathways, heat-induced UBI4 transcript levels were considerably lower but not abolished, suggesting a role for another factor(s) in stress control of its expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01220.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensors that mediate copper-specific activation and repression of gene expression (1997)
    Springer
    JBIC 2 (1997), S. 2-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Copper ; Metalloregulation ; Copper thiolate ; Metals ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Copper ion homeostasis in yeast is maintained, in part, through regulated expression of genes involved in copper ion uptake, Cu(I) sequestration and defense against reactive oxygen intermediates. Positive and negative copper ion regulation is observed, and both effects occur at the level of transcription. The mechanism of Cu(I) regulation is distinct for transcriptional activation versus transcriptional inhibition. Cu(I) activation of gene expression occurs through Cu-induced DNA binding by the transcription factors Ace1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Amt1 in Candida glabrata. Cu(I) ion binding within a regulatory domain of each molecule stabilizes a specific tertiary fold capable of high affinity interaction with specific DNA promoter sequences. Cu(I)-activated transcription factors are modular proteins in which the DNA binding domain is distinct from the domain that mediates transcriptional activation through assembly of the preinitiation complex. Cu(I) triggering involves formation of a tetracopper thiolate cluster within a regulatory domain. Formation of the tetracopper cluster occurs in an all-or-nothing fashion. Thus, the concentration of Cu-activated factor is proportional to the Cu(I) concentration, thereby directly coupling the intracellular Cu(I) concentration to transcriptional activation of a subset of genes. Cu-mediated inhibition of gene expression in S. cerevisiae occurs through copper regulation of the Mac1 transcription factor. Genes inhibited in their expression in Cu-treated cells encode proteins involved in Cu ion uptake across the plasma membrane. The activation domain of Mac1 is repressed in Cu-treated cells. The presence of duplicated cysteine-rich sequences within the activation domain is consistent with Cu(I) binding within this domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050100
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro recombination in rad and rnc mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 23 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Recombination ; Yeast ; radmutants ; Endo/exonuclease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Extracts of S. cerevisiae cells can catalyze homologous recombination between plasmids in vitro. Extracts prepared from rad50, rad52 or rad54 disruption mutants all have reduced recombinational activity compared to wild-type. The rad52 and rad54 extracts are more impaired in the recombination of plasmids containing double-strand breaks than of intact plasmids, whereas rad50 extracts are deficient equally for both types of substrate. The nuclease RhoNuc (previously designated yNucR), encoded by the RNC1 (previously designated NUC2) gene and regulated by the RAD52 gene, is not required for recombination when one substrate is single-stranded but is essential for the majority of recombination events when both substrates are double-stranded. Furthermore, elimination of this nuclease restores recombination in rad52 extracts to levels comparable to those in wild-type extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336741
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  • 5
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    An Admission Test for Intermediate Accounting (1979)
    Menasha, Wis. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Accounting Review. 54:1 (1979:Jan.) 155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-4826
    Topics: Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: EDUCATION RESEARCH, EDWIN H. CAPLAN, Editor
    Notes: Departments
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5030-1979-054-01-000013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the conserved histidines in the Zn module of the copper-activated transcription factors in yeast (1996)
    Springer
    JBIC 1 (1996), S. 560-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Copper ; metalloregulation ; Ace1 ; Amt1 ; transcription factor ; yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The Amt1 and Ace1 transcription factors from Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are activated by the formation of a tetracopper thiolate cluster resulting in Cu4Zn1Amt1 complexes. An independent Zn module exists within the N-terminal 40 residues of Amt1 and Ace1. There are two conserved histidyl residues within this module. His25 serves as a Zn(II) ligand for the S3N1 site. Thus, Zn(II) ligands are provided by cysteinyl thiolates of Cys11, Cys14, Cys23 and His25. The Zn module is a stably folded domain that binds group IIb metal ions with high affinity. Mutations in Amt1 and Ace1 genes within codons encoding Zn(II) cysteinyl ligands markedly attenuate the ability of Amt1 and Ace1 to mediate Cu-induced expression of metallothionein genes. Thus, the Zn modules in Amt1 and Ace1 are functionally important. A second histidine, His18, is conserved in the Zn module of these metal-activated factors. His18 does not serve a major structural role, but appears important functionally in Ace1 and Amt1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050092
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buffer conditions and non-tubulin factors critically affect the microtubule dynamic instability of sea urchin egg tubulin (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Pipes ; Hepes ; calcium ; VE-DIC microscopy ; cytoplasmic extracts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dynamic instability of individual microtubules (Mts) in cytoplasmic extracts or assembled from highly purified sea urchin egg tubulin was examined using video-enhanced, differential-interference contrast (VE-DIC) light microscopy. Extract Mts (endogenous tubulin = 12.1 μM) displayed only plus-ended growth. The elongation velocity was 7.8 μm/min for an average duration of 1.3 min before switching (catastrophe) to rapid shortening, which occurred at 13.0 μm/ min for an average duration of 0.5 min before switching (rescue) back to the elongation phase. These parameters are typical of interphase Mt dynamic instability. Surprisingly, Mts assembled from purified urchin egg tubulin in standard buffers were less dynamic that those reported for purified brain tubulin or Mts in the extract. Buffer parameters were changed in an attempt to mimic the extract Mt results. The pH buffer itself, Hepes or Pipes, drastically altered Mt dynamics but could not achieve high elongation velocity with high catastrophe frequencies. Calcium at 1 μM had negligible effects, while increasing pH from 6.9 to 7.2 stimulated elongation velocity. Finally, Mt dynamics of purified egg tubulin (11.9 μM) were assayed in ultrafiltiates (MW cut-off 〈30 kD) of the cytoplasmic extracts. Mts elongated slowly at 1.2 μm/min for 26 min before a catastrophe and rapid shortening at 11.8 μm/min. Rescue was less frequent than unfiltered extracts, minus-ended growth was observed, and self-assembly occurred at slightly higher tubulin concentrations. Therefore, the egg extracts and cytoplasm must contain non-buffer factors which stimulate elongation velocity by 6.5-fold without self-assembly, increase catastrophe frequency by 20-fold, and block minus-ended growth.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular mobility of α-actinin and actin in a reconstituted model of gelation (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 11 (1988), S. 64-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: D.d. α-actinin ; actin ; gelation ; fluorescence photobleaching recovery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dictyostelium discoideum α-actinin (D.d.α-actinin) is a calcium and pH-regulated actin-binding protein that can cross-link F-actin into a gel at a submicromolar free calcium concentration and a pH 〈7 [Fechheimer, et al., 1982]. We examined mixtures of actin and D.d. α-actinin at four pH and calcium concentrations that exhibited various degrees of gelation or solation. The macroscopic viscosities of these mixtures were measured by falling ball viscometry (FBV) and compared to the translational diffusion coefficients measured by gaussian spot and periodic-pattern fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) of both the actin filaments and D.d. α-actinin. A homogeneous, macroscopic gel was not composed of a static actin network. Instead, the filament diffusion coefficient decreased to ∼65% of the control value. If the D.d. α-actinin concentration was increased, the solution became inhomogeneous, consisting of domains of higher actin concentration. These domains were often composed of a static actin network. The mobility of D.d. α-actinin consisted of a major fraction that freely diffused and a minor fraction that appeared immobile under the conditions employed. This suggested that D.d. α-actinin binding to the actin filaments was static over the time course of measurement (∼5 sec). Under solation conditions, there was no apparent interaction of actin with D.d. α-actinin. These results demonstrate that (1) actin filaments need not be cross-linked into an immobile, static array in order to have macroscopic properties of a gel, (2) interpretation of the rheological properties of actin:α-actinin gels are complicated by spatial heterogeneity of the filament concentration and mobility; and (3) a fraction of D.d. α-actinin binds statically to actin in undisturbed gels. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to cytoplasmic structure and contractility.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970110107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation and recombination in rad mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 223 (1990), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Homologous Recombination ; Transformation ; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ; Plasmids ; rad mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Disruption/deletion mutations in genes of the RAD52 epistasis group of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for their effects on recombination between single-and double-stranded circular DNA substrates and chromosomal genes in a transformation assay. In rad50 mutants there was a small reduction in recombination with single-stranded DNA at the leu2-3, 112 allele; in addition there was an almost complete elimination of recombination at trpl-1 for both single- and double-stranded DNA. Reintroduction of a wild-type RAD50 gene on a replicating plasmid carrying CEN4 restored recombinational competence at trpl-1, indicating that rad50 is defective in gene replacement of this allele. In rad52 mutants a reduction of 30%-50% in recombination involving either single- or double-stranded circular DNA was observed in each experiment when compared to the wild type. This reduction of recombination in rad52 mutants was similar for recombination at the ura352 mutant locus where only integration events have been observed, and at the trpl-1 mutant locus, where recombination occurs predominantly by gene replacement. Neither the rad54 nor the rad57 mutations had a significant effect on recombination with single- or double-stranded DNA substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265060
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Homologous recombination ; UV induction ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the effects of UV irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to distinguish whether UV-induced recombination results from the induction of enzymes required for homologous recombination, of the production of substrate sites for recombination containing regions of DNA damage. We utilized split-dose experiments to investigate the induction of proteins required for survival, gene conversion, and mutation in a diploid strain of S. cerevisiae. We demonstrate that inducing doses of UV irradiation followed by a 6 h period of incubation render the cells resistant to challenge doses of UV irradiation. The effects of inducing and challenge doses of UV irradiation upon interchromosomal gene conversion and mutation are strictly additive. Using the yeast URA3 gene cloned in non-replicating single- and double-stranded plasmid vectors that integrate into chromosomal genes upon transformation, we show that UV irradiation of haploid yeast cells and homologous plasmid DNA sequences each stimulate homologous recombination approximately two-fold, and that these effects are additive. Non-specific DNA damage has little effect on the stimulation of, homologous recombination, as shown by studies in which UV-irradiated heterologous DNA was included in transformation/recombination experiments. We further demonstrate that the effect of competing single- and double-stranded heterologous DNA sequences differs in UV-irradiated and unirradiated cells, suggesting an induction of recombinational machinery in UV-irradiated S. cerevisiae cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340176
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