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  • Lepidoptera  (43)
  • Triticum aestivum
  • Springer  (72)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (72)
  • 1982  (44)
  • 1980  (28)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (72)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (72)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air permeation tests with orfralure for reduction in trap catch of oriental fruit moths (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oriental fruit moth ; orfralure ; sex pheromone ; traps ; air permeation with pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Orfralure [93% (Z), 7% (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate], the synthetic pheromone of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Busck), was released into the air of orchard test plots either by hanging plastic laminated dispensers on trees or by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Trap catch was reduced 95% or more with the most effective formulations, but consistently higher reductions were produced by the dispensers. In tests as long as 28 weeks with dispensers, a single retreatment at midseason maintained an effective concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987537
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of some olfactory receptors of the eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) to leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olfactory receptors ; chemoreception ; Lepidoptera ; Lasio-campidae ; plant volatiles ; tent caterpillars ; Malacosoma americanum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents of leaves of acceptable and unacceptable plants evoke multiunit responses from the antennal olfactory sensilla of larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar. Electrophysiological investigation of the activities of three of the sixteen antennal olfactory receptors revealed that different combinations of the three responded to the various plants. In those instances where the same combination responded to more than one species of plant, the ratios of responses measured as frequency of action potentials were often different. Thus, discrimination of different plants theoretically could be based upon the absolute number of cells responding and/or the ratios of frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987540
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the armyworm,Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Armyworm ; Mythimna unipuncta ; Pseudaletia unipuncta ; Leucania unipuncta ; Cirphis unipuncta ; Lepidoptera ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate ; hexadecan-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11–16∶Ac) free of theE isomer (〈1%), hexadecan-1-ol acetate (16∶ Ac), and a hexadecen-1-ol [the (Z)-11 isomer based on the retention time on a Carbowax capillary column] were identified in extracts of the sex pheromone glands of adult virgin female armyworms,Pseudaletia unipuncta. Also, gas Chromatographic retention times on polar and nonpolar columns indicated the possible presence of (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–16∶Ac). The ratioZ11–16∶Ac/16∶Ac/Z11–16∶OH/Z9–16∶Ac was 1∶0.15∶0.13∶0.02. Infield testsZ11–16∶ Ac was attractive alone, and the addition ofZ9–16∶Ac,Zll–16 ∶ OH, or 16 ∶ Ac singly or in combination in ratios found in the gland did not increase trap capture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987668
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Range of action and interaction of pheromone traps for the summerfruit tortrix moth,Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1251-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Adoxophyes orana ; pheromone traps ; attraction ; interaction ; trap spacing ; wind ; monitoring ; mass trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a spindle-tree apple orchard, sex pheromone traps for the summerfruit tortrix moth were distributed at different spacings. From the captures, information was derived about influence of prevailing wind direction and of trap spacing on interactions between traps. Prevailing wind direction in the experimental area had no appreciable influence on trap interaction, perhaps because of eddying within the planting. The relationship between density and capture of traps was first considered theoretically and interaction by overlap of active-space areas was distinguished from that by overlap of mere capturing areas, which depend also on distance of dispersal. The actual results were in accordance with these considerations and indicated that the diameter of the active-space areas averaged 15 m. The variation in the captures of the wider-spaced traps was too large to be conclusive about the average width of the capturing areas, but the diameter of these seemed to be more than about 45 m. These data have been related to adequate trap distances for monitoring and mass trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987758
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cotton condensed tannin, maysin (Corn) and pinitol (soybeans) onHeliothis zea growth and development (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1429-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis zea ; bioassay ; host plant resistance mechanisms ; allelochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Maysin, a flavone glycoside from corn silks, inhibits ingestion, and thus growth, ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae. Pinitol from soybeans inhibitedH. zea growth by the same mechanism. Despite the widely held assumption that tannins inhibit growth by inhibiting assimilation, cotton condensed tannin inhibitedH. zea growth by reducing ingestion; no evidence was found for a reduction in assimilation. Neonate larvae are shown to be much more sensitive to allelochemics than larvae that have fed on control diet before being transferred to diet containing plant allelochemics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989100
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone chemistry of the western spruce budwormChoristoneura occidentalis Free (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 351-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura occidentalis ; western spruce budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromone chemistry ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; capillary GC-MS ; (E/Z)-11-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract SCOT capillary Chromatographic and SCOT capillary chromatographic-mass spectrometic analyses of gland washes and effluvia of virgin femaleChoristoneura occidentalis Free, have been conducted with both a diapausing and nondiapausing strain of this insect. The following compounds were identified in gland washes and effluvia in both strains:E andZ11–14∶Ald,E andZ11–14∶Ac,E andZ11–14∶OH and 14∶Ald, 14∶Ac, and 14∶OH. The average aldehyde: acetate: alcohol ratio found by analysis of single glands by virgin females (nondiapausing strain) was 1∶7∶0.73. Analysis of virgin female effluvia gave this ratio as 10∶3∶8 (diapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 15, respectively) and 10∶3∶6 (nondiapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 12, respectively). The saturated components were generally 1–2% of theE isomer in each case. Comparisons of EAG responses of bothC. occidentalis andC. fumiferana toE11–14∶Ald,E11–14∶Ac andE11–14∶OH were made. Correlations with both laboratory and field data previously published were also made betweenC. fumiferana andC. occidentalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987783
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruption of male spruce budworm orientation to calling females in a wind tunnel by synthetic pheromone (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 493-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; mating disruption ; sex attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male spruce budworm [Chorisloneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths were held for 3 hr in a wind tunnel and subjected to various concentrations of background synthetic pheromone. They were then exposed to calling females and their response was recorded. The background pheromone was presented either as discrete turbulent plumes or as a uniform permeation throughout the tunnel. The numbers of males wing-fanning and flying in response to the calling females decreased as the concentration of background pheromone increased. Of the males which flew, a higher proportion progressed upwind in the discrete plumes than in the uniform permeation, an indication that structure in the pheromone cloud is necessary for upwind progression. In both discrete plumes and uniform permeation fewer males were able to locate the females (i.e., disruption was greater) as the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, but for the same total release rates, disruption was greater when the synthetic pheromone was released in discrete plumes rather than in a uniform permeation. This implies that disruption which involves luring males to sources of synthetic pheromone is more effective than masking female plumes by uniform permeation and suggests that it is more efficient to release pheromone from a few potent sources than from numerous low-potency sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987797
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monooxygenase activities of fat body and gut homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus, fed four cardenolide-containing milkweeds,Asclepias spp. (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 797-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monarch butterfly ; Asclepias spp. ; monooxygenase ; induction ; cardenolide ; aldrin epoxidation ; p-chloro-N-methylanilme demethylation ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Monarch butterfly larvae were examined for NADPH-dependent monooxygenase activities. Midgut and fat body homogenates catalyzed aldrin epoxidation andp-chloro-N-methylanilineN-demethylation at consistently low rates compared to many other lepidopteran larvae. Homogenates from larvae collected from four different milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) with quite different cardenolide contents had similar levels of activity. There were no detectable variations in activity due to season or year of collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988320
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Structure-activity relationships in sex attractants for north American noctuid moths (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 731-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alkenylcompounds ; pheromones ; chemotaxonomy ; decenyl dodecenyl ; tetradecenyl ; hexadecenyl ; trapping ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants known for 145 species of noctuid moths have many common features both as to chemical constituents and to their relationships in blends. The great majority of constituents are straight-chain (Z)-alkenols, -alkenals, or -alkenyl acetates of even carbon number (10 through 16). The unsaturation is nonterminal in odd-numbered positions (5 through 11). In effective lures, these components are blended in specific ratios and the components in a sex pheromone or sex attractant blend are structurally related by “one-change” steps. This means that any blend component differs from one or more other components by a single structural alteration, such as a change in double bond position, or a change in carbon chain length, or a change in the oxygen function. For the few multicomponent systems known in detail, the central place in the “one-change” framework is occupied by the predominant blend component. Different patterns of occurrence of lure components occur in the subfamilies Acronictinae, Noctuinae, Hadeninae, Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae, Heliothidinae, Plusiinae, Acontiinae, and Pantheinae, and some subfamilies are as yet without known lures. Some guiding principles for elucidation of blend compositions for unstudied species are presented; these guidelines can also be used in improvement of some synthetic blends of unsatisfactory quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Toxicity studies of analogs of 2-tridecanone, a naturally occurring toxicant from a wild tomato (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 2-Tridecanone ; structure-activity relationships ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.M. Mull ; Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Toxicity bioassays of the naturally occurring insecticide 2-tridecanone and a group of structural analogs against the tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) reveal a significant influence of chain length on toxicity of methyl ketones. This effect may be due to the differential ability of these compounds to penetrate lipid barriers and reach the active site, since a close relationship is seen between toxicity and lipophilicity. Congeners of chain lenths 15 and over are less active than predicted by this relationship, possibly due to steric effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994783
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Evidence of an oviposition stimulant for peachtree borer (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1125-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; oviposition stimulant ; peach ; Prunus persica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Peachtree borer (PTB) cocoons, peach tree bark, and a mixture of frass and gum obtained arount PTB wounds were extracted with organic solvents of increasing polarity. Female PTB moths,Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), laid the greatest number of eggs on filter paper substrates treated with acetone extracts of PTB cocoons, ethyl acetate extracts of peach tree bark and acetone extracts of frass and gum mixtures. The extracts of cocoons or frass and gum mixture were separated by liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986983
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Contact stimulants fromHeliothis virescens that influence the behavior of females of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1183-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; contact chemicals ; arrestant ; host seeking ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Factors acting at contact or close range affected the behavior associated with host seeking of females, but not of males, of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky. Females were arrested by components of larvae ofHeliothis virescens (F.) and by a dichloromethane extract of okra leaves. A hexane extract ofH. virescens frass and a chloroform-methanol extract ofH. virescens larvae were both active. In addition to chemicals, shape and size were involved because females were arrested by small inert objects the size ofH. virescens larvae and frass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990751
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    The effect of B-chromosomes of rye on the chromosome association in F1 hybrids Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale in the absence of chromosomes 5B or 5D (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: B-Chromosomes ; Chromosome associations ; Triticum aestivum ; Secale cereale hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary T. aestivum var. ‘Chinese Spring’ (monosomic 5B and 5D, respectively) was crossed with S. cereale (with and without B-chromosomes). The resulting nullisomic 5B hybrids exhibited a high degree of chromosome association both at 20°C and 10°C. The presence of B-chromosomes reduced association slightly whether 5B was present or not. In nullisomic 5D hybrids B-chromosomes of rye raise chromosome association at 20°C when compared to hybrids with 5D, with as well as without, B's. At 10°C, due to the absence of the Ltp gene on 5D, chromosome association in nullisomic 5D hybrids is low, and no effects of rye B-chromosomes is detectable. The hypothesis that B-chromosomes of rye carry (an) asynaptic gene(s) decreasing effective pairing, and (an) independent post-synaptic gene(s) increasing chiasma frequency on effective pairing sites, is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295448
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  • 14
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    Induction of haploid and diploid plants though in vitro anther culture of haploid wheat (n=3x=21) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Anther culture ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five haploid plants of wheat were used for anther culture. Embryos were formed and six plants were regenerated. Of these, two were haploid (n=3x=21) and two diploid (2n=6x=42). The two diploids derived from the anthers of the same haploid wheat plant gave seeds, but the fertility was reduced in one of them showing, abnormalities at meiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00745029
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  • 15
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    The chromosomal location of factors determining the presence of phenolic compounds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat-phenolics-location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using thin-layer chromatography and nulli-tetrasomic and ditellosomic series of Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Chinese Spring’, it has been possible to relate the phenolic compounds found in adult plant leaves and 12 day-old seedling leaves with the chromosomes or chromosome arms 1 B, 2 BL, 3 BL, 5 A, 6 AL, 7 B and 7 DS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273879
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Pollen callus culture in Triticum aestivum (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Pollen ; Anther culture ; Callus ; Regeneration ; Plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pollen shed between 4–8 d from anthers of Triticum aestivum cultured in liquid medium gave rise to calluses. Tillers were harvested at the mid-to late-unicellular pollen stages and chilled for 8 d at 4–5 °C before the anthers were dissected out. Pollen cultures gave about 6 times as many calluses on a per anther basis as anthers cultured on solid medium. With the most productive of 5 cultivars tested, pollen culture results in roughly one callus for each anther used, though the calluses formed by pollen culture were less productive for the regeneration of shoots than calluses derived from anthers cultured on solid medium. The ratio of green to albino shoots is roughly 1∶ 1 for anther cultures but considerably less for pollen cultures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303494
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  • 17
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    Inheritance of grain proteins in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Grainprotein ; Gene action ; Regression ; Diallel cross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diallel crosses between five divergent vulgare wheat cultivars were made in order to evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability of grain proteins. Significant differences in grain protein content were found between cultivars and their hybrids. It was established that the inheritance of seed protein in the F1 generation included both additive and non-additive gene action.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303692
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  • 18
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    Induction of haploid and diploid plants though in vitro anther culture of haploid wheat (n=3x=21) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Anther culture ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five haploid plants of wheat were used for anther culture. Embryos were formed and six plants were regenerated. Of these, two were haploid (n=3x=21) and two diploid (2n=6x=42). The two diploids derived from the anthers of the same haploid wheat plant gave seeds, but the fertility was reduced in one of them showing, abnormalities at meiosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276401
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  • 19
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    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265174
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  • 20
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    Cytogenetic structure of common wheat cultivars from or introduced into Spain (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Interchange ; Chromosome arrangements ; Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosome arrangements of twenty-eight cultivars of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., from or introduced into Spain are compared with that of ‘Chinese Spring’ taken as a pattern. All the cultivars analyzed differ from ‘Chinese Spring’ by one or two reciprocal translocations. When 12 out of 28 cultivars were compared it was concluded that a minimum number of thirteen interchanges are present, involving at least ten different chromosomes of the complement. The interest of a reappraisal of the rôle of interchanges in the evolution of Gramineae is pointed out.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273880
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  • 21
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    N-banding in Triticum aestivum following feulgen hydrolysis (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; ‘Chinese Spring’ ; Chromosome banding ; Hydrolysis ; Feulgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Terminal and/or interstitial N-bands were produced on the seven B-genome chromosomes and chromosomes 4 and 7 of the A-genome of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ by a modified BSG technique following a standard Feulgen preparation. The banding was accomplished by modifying the barium hydroxide treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272852
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  • 22
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    The validity of the lead precipitation technique for the localization of ATPase activity in plant cells (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 104 (1980), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Analytical electron microscopy ; ATPase cytochemistry ; Plasma membrane ; Ricinus communis ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The claim that osmium-containing deposits which lack lead are frequently and incorrectly interpreted as enzymatic reaction products in lead precipitation techniques for ATPase localization in plants is without foundation. Proper controls clearly demonstrate the enzymatic origin of membrane-located deposits and the presence of lead is confirmed by analytical electron microscopy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279767
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    Effect of phytohormones on chlorophyll degradation during aging of chloroplastsin vivo andin vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 105 (1980), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aging ; Chloroplast ; Phytohormones ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phytohormones like IAA and kinetin inhibit chlorophyll loss during aging of wheat chloroplasts duringin vivo andin vitro. GA, on the other hand, stimulates the pigment degradation during aging of attached leaves in contrast to its senescence inhibiting action in detached leaves and isolated chloroplasts. A shift in optimum concentration of hormone in inhibiting chlorophyll degradation suggests a differential pool size of endogenous hormone regulating aging of chloroplastsin vivo andin vitro. The retardation of chlorophyll loss by kinetin, IAA and GA during aging of chloroplastsin vitro would indicate that the effect of hormones in preventing yellowing of senescing leaves may be mediated through their direct action on chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279845
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    Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372453
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    Selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Septoria nodorum ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; glume blotch ; resistance ; tolerance ; escape ; selection ; selection indexes ; phenotypic correlations ; genotypic correlations ; heritability ; grain yield ; heading date ; plant height ; seed weight ; seed weight %
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A population of 572 F2 derived F3 lines from six crosses were used to estimate parameters relevant to selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum of wheat. Lines were grown in disease free (fungicide sprayed) and inoculated microplots in 2 replications of a split-plot design in a single environment in 1977. Average yield reduction due to disease was approximately 50%; this was associated with an average septoria score of 50% on the flag leaf, an average septoria score of 42% on the head, and a reduction of 37% in seed weight. Low S. nodorum scores were correlated with late heading date, tall plant height, high grain yield, and high seed weight in diseased plots, and high seed weight % (seed weight in diseased plots expressed as a percentage of seed weight in fungicide sprayed plots). Restricted selection indexes were used to study the relative contributions of disease escape, true resistance, and tolerance to variability in grain yield in diseased plots, seed weight in diseased plots, and seed weight %. True resistance appeared to be the most important factor causing variation in grain yield in diseased plots and seed weight %. Tolerance and escape seemed to be more important for seed weight in diseased plots. Heritabilities of S. nodorum scores on the flag leaf and head were 63% and 52%, respectively. Leaf and head scores could be used most effectively as selection criteria to upgrade resistance in a population before harvest. Selection for high seed weight % slightly reduced yields in disease free plots, although yield in diseased plots and seed weight in diseased plots were increased. However, selection for increased yield or increased seed weight in diseased plots improved yield in disease free plots. It is suggested that direct selection for yield or seed weight in diseased plots is likely to achieve more desirable goals than selection for seed weight %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025132
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    Selection for yield in small plots of spring wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 549-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four selection experiments were sown: single-row plots with single row-spacing (≃20 cm), single-row plots with double row spacing (≃40 cm), three-row plots and six-row plots both with single row-spacing (≃20 cm). Selection entries were mimiced by 16 different varieties or advanced breeding lines, which were also sown in a yield trial. Each experiment was laid out as a 4-times replicated randomized block design. Row length was 2 m. Alley borders and border-rows of multiple-row plots were harvested separately to evaluate the effects of different harvesting procedures on the selection efficiency. Removal of alley borders was found to be disadvantageous, since the gain in precision was more than offset by the loss in sampled area. Wide spacing of single-row plots improved the selection efficiency in comparison with normal spaced single-row plots. In multiple-row plots the selection efficiency was not improved by harvesting only the central rows. For gross plot yield (= yield of net plot + yield of alley borders) the differences in selection efficiency between the various selection plot-types were explained on the basis of the genetic variance, the environmental variance and the coefficient of genetic correlation with ‘farm’ yield as determined in the yield trial.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039193
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    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter ; chroococeum ; Derxia ; gumnosa ; Klebsiella ; Nitrogen ; fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five highly active N2-fixing strains of Klebsiella isolated from the phyllosphere of tropical plants, KUPBR1, KUPBR2, KUPM, KUP4 and KUP6 along withAzotobacter vinelandii OP,A. chroococcum G40 andDerxia gumnosa were sprayed on the foliage of a high yielding wheat cultivar, Kalyansona. The strains of Klebsiella enhanced dry wt., chrorophyll and nitrogen content, and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield in inoculated plants varied between 19.9 and 25.09 quintals ha−1 against 24.34 quintals with urea. Best results were obtained with KUP4 which when applied at half dose was as effective as 52.5 kg Urea-N ha−1. Azotobacter and Derxia only slightly improved growth and nitrogen content of grain or straw.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374728
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    Use ofAzospirillum brasilense as biofertilizer in intensive wheat cropping (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Biofertilizer ; Spring-wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Winter-wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three field experiments were conducted on ten cultivars of winterwheat and four cultivars of springwheat to estimate the growth promoting effect ofAzospirillum brasilense under varying nitrogen doses. Independent of cultivar selection or nitrogen dose a highly significant yield increase could be observed in winterwheat: strains S631 and SpBr14 increased the average grain yield with 9.14% and 14.82% respectively. When the yield components were studied a coinciding increase in ear density could be demonstrated of resp. 10.57% and 13.55%. Less significant results were obtained with springwheat although in one experiment strain SpBr14 significantly increased grain yield. As with winterwheat tillering of the plant was markedly affected by inoculation with both strains. In a companion greenhouse experiment it was found that inoculation with Azospirillum can cause a decrease in the root mass of wheatplants except when strain SpBr14 is used. Therefore it is suggested that the presence of a higher tillering together with an undisturbed nutrient uptake capacity can result in yield increases after inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183980
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    Effect of nitrogen management and soil moisture conservation practices on rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 433-437 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Kaolin spray ; Mulch ; N-application ; Split application ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies revealed that the application of fertilizer nitrogen brought a significant increase in grain and straw yield of wheat. The significant effect was also noticed on such yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers per metre row length, spike length, and number of grains per spike. The increase of nitrogen level from 40 kg/ha to 80 kg/ha also brought a significant increase in yield and yield contributing characters. The application of entire dose of nitrogen at the time of sowing was as good as its split application. The application of nitrogen also influenced the nitrogen concentration of grains whereas, the other treatments did not influence the nitrogen concentration in grains or straw. The nitrogen treatments did not influence the moisture content of soil. The application of mulch or mulch+Kaolin resulted in significantly higher content of soil moisture in 0–15 cm soil depth as compared to control or Kaolin spray alone which was simultaneously reflected in yield and yield contributing characters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183812
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    Investigation of possible associations between partial fertility restoration and agronomic traits in Triticum aestivum L. (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; hybrid wheat ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; partial fertility restoration ; Triticum timophecvi ; Puccinia graminis ; stem rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Many conventional hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) lines, including several North Dakota cultivars, carry a gene (or genes) which restore partial male fertility to male sterile plants with Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. cytoplasm. Since this gene has no fertility restoration function in T. aestivum cytoplasm, the postulation can be made that it is being retained in conventional lines because of pleiotropic effects, favorable linkages or chance. The research reported in this paper examined these possibilities. Forty F6 lines, derived from a single F2 plant which was heterozygous for a gene (or genes) for partial fertility restoration, were evaluated for two years in a yield trial planted at Fargo, North Dakota. The 40 lines were testcrossed to a male sterile line having T. timopheevi cytoplasm, and the mean seed set of testcrosses was used as a measure of a line's fertility restoration potential. Twenty-seven lines had the gene for partial fertility, and 13 lines apparently lacked this gene. The 40 lines differed for heading date, anther extrusion, plant height, grain yield, 200-kernel weight, test weight, and grain protein percentage. However, comparisons of lines having the restorer gene with those lacking the gene did not provide any obvious explanation for the retention of the partial fertility restorer gene in the breeding stocks of the North Dakota conventional hard red spring wheat breeding program. The possibility that the restorer gene was linked with genes for resistance to stem rust or leaf rust also was evaluated by testing lines for their reaction to several races of rust. No conclusive association was found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028328
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    Use of the SDS-sedimentation test and SDS-polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis for screening breeder's samples of wheat for bread-making quality (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 677-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; glutenin ; SDS-sedimentation test ; SDS-polyacrylamidegel-electrophoresis ; baking quality selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Gelprotein or SDS-insoluble gel-forming glutenin was isolated from wheat flour by extraction with an aqueous 1.5% SDS solution. Remarkable intervarietal differences were observed both in amount and subunit composition of these proteins. The amount of gelprotein and the SDS-sedimentation volume both proved to be good parameters for the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars. A high correlation was observed between amount of gelprotein and SDS-sedimentation volume. The amount of gelprotein was therefore tentatively assumed to be the essential basis of the SDS-sedimentation test. The subunit composition of the gelprotein was studied by SDS-PAGE after reduction of SS bonds by mercaptoethanol. It was found that the average bread-making quality of wheat cultivars and progeny of the cross Atlas 66 x Atys which possessed subunits 3 and 10, coded for by chromosome 1D, was significantly higher than that of wheat samples possessing subunit 2 and 11, their allelic counterparts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039206
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    Optimized conditions for sex attractant trapping of male redbacked cutworm moths,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; trapping ; redbacked cutworm moth ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mixtures of (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates in ratios 〉100∶1 are powerful, specific sex attractants for redbacked cutworm male moths. Bioactive lures were produced by admixture of these pure compounds or through syntheses involving catalytic bond shifting. Best field trapping was obtained with 200∶1 (Z)-5∶(Z)-7 ratio, at lure doses (on rubber) of 0.1–2.0 mg, using cone swivel traps with 10- to 13-mm orifices, or Pherocon® 1-CP sticky traps, at a height of 50–90 cm. The pheromone traps were more efficient than large blacklight traps and captured the various morphological forms of the moth in similar ratios.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987670
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    Sex pheromone of the woodbine leafroller moth,Sparganothis sp. (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 797-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Sparganothis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ylacetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ylacetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the woodbine leafroller,Sparganothis sp., includes (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, based on chemical analysis of gland extracts, electroantennogram tests, and field trapping. Highest trap catches were obtained when these compounds were dispensed in the relative proportions observed in the female gland. (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate also was found in gland extracts, but significantly reduced trap catches. The saturated compounds tetradecan-1-ol and tetradecan-1-yl acetate were found in gland extracts as well, but were not tested. The amounts of these compounds per female gland were 127, 93, 17, 20, 25, and 3 ng, in the order named.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990404
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    Models for dispersal of vapors in open and confined spaces: Applications to sex pheromone trapping in a warehouse (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 929-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; attractance ; behavioral threshold ; Plodia interpunctella ; Indian meal moth ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; orientation ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methods are presented for mathematically determining dispersal of a vapor in still air, in turbulent air of zero average velocity, and in turbulent or laminar air currents of constant, nonzero average velocity. The methods are combined with several assumptions about insect behavior to derive an insect attraction model that predicts: (1) In a warehouse a searching insect is likely to be attracted to a calling insect if it comes within an attraction sphere, 0.4–2.5 m in radius. (2) The attraction spaces of typical sex pheromone-baited traps that emit pheromone at rates greater than 0.01 ng/sec extend beyond the boundaries of a 10 × 10 × 10-m warehouse. (3) The searching behavior of an attracted insect is likely to be altered from an extensive to an intensive pattern if it comes within an altered-behavior sphere, 6–60 cm from a calling insect or within 10 m of a trap emitting 0.76 ng/sec. (4) Pheromone does not sink unless it is emitted along with a large amount of a high-vapor pressure solvent. The model is used in support of several hypotheses, including: (1) The effect of an adsorptive surface on the vapor concentration after an extended period of emission is negligible except at positions near the surface. (2) Sex pheromone-baited traps with sources of small dimensions have greater trapping efficiency than otherwise identical traps with sources of large dimensions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990477
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    Site of secretion of the trail marker of the eastern tent caterpillar (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Malacosoma americanum ; eastern tent caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; trail pheromone ; pheromone secretory site ; silk trail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new site of secretion of a chemical trail marker was found on the sternum at the tip of the last abdominal segment of the larva of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum. Larvae marked from this site by drawing their sterna along the substrate when they extended existing trails in search of food and again when they established recruitment trails to food-finds. Differences in the quantity or quality of the marker deposited by exploring and recruiting caterpillars may account for the greater activity of the recruitment trails.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984003
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    Sex pheromone of fall armyworm (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; mating behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two components of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), sex pheromone, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (DDA) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (TDA), were tested alone and in combination to determine their effects on male sexual response and inhibition of mating in the laboratory. The threshold response for FAW males was lower for TDA than for DDA, and males responded to TDA over a wider range of dosages. Although TDA is not attractive to FAW males in the field, this compound was highly effective in reducing mating under laboratory conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984022
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    Directional flow of male scent released byPseudaletia separata walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its repellent effect on adults and larvae of four noctuid and one phycitine moth (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1263-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pseudaletia separata ; male scent ; repellent pheromone ; repellent allomone ; nonspecificity ; sexual selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Air movement around a malePseudaletia separata Walker, observed using the smoke of an incense stick during wing-fanning, showed that the air moves away from the female and backwards. Moths moved or flew away immediately when vaporized benzaldehyde was blown over their antennae in a screen cage set in a greenhouse. This repellency lacked species, sex, or individual specificity. Male scent acts as an inhibitor to conspecific males and, at the same time, to other moths if they approach the male in courtship. Inhibition of ovipositional and larval locomotory behavior by benzaldehyde was also demonstrated.
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    Sex pheromone components of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1305-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Agrotis segetum ; turnip moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; straight-chain acetates ; single-cell recordings ; electroantennography ; behavior ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; entrainment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of female abdominal tips ofAgrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified as decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, a tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, a hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenol. The presence and biological activity of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the extracts could be detected by GC-EAD. Tested by EAG (Z)-5-decenyl acetate evoked the highest response among pheromone candidates, followed by (E)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Single-cell recordings from 100 male antennal sensilla trichodea revealed receptorcells highly sensitive to (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-8-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate as well as (Z)-5-decenol. The (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate receptors were activated significantly also by female extracts. When tested in a tube olfactometer, a blend of decyl, (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate evoked the same male response as did female glands. Tested in the field, this blend was more attractive than virgin females. Other authors previously reported many of the compounds identified in the present study. However, both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies exist among the various investigations, possibly due to the existence of geographical races.
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    Identification of sex pheromone components of redbacked cutworm,Euxoa ochrogaster, and modification of sex attractant blend for adult males (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Electroantennographic detector ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; identification ; mass chromatograms ; mass spectrometry ; redbacked cutworm ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone washes from calling female moths of redbacked cutworm,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), contained the following acetates that are structurally similar to those of known lepidopteran pheromones (%): decanyl (8.7), dodecanyl (8.5), (E)-5-dodecenyl (3.3), (Z)-5-dodecenyl (76.4), (Z)-7-dodecenyl (3.1), and (Z)-9-dodecenyl (trace〈0.5%). This is the first time that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate has been identified as a pheromone component. Three types of specific receptor cells were found in the male antennae, and they responded to (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetates, respectively. Strong electroantennographic detector responses were also recorded for these three acetates and for (Z)-5-undecenyl acetate. The evidence for the presence of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate in the pheromone washes was inconclusive. The presence of (Z)-7- and the absence of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetates were confirmed by a special electroantennographic detector technique in which the detector antennae were from males of other species that were known to have strong responses to these acetates. This is a very useful technique. Field results show that low concentrations (0.1–1.3%) of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate were synergistic when tested in a previously reported blend, but 6% was inhibitory. Similarly, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate at 2% or less may be essential for the attraction of males, but in previous tests at 14% it also was inhibitory. Species-specific attractant blends for redbacked cutworm males are described.
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    Odor of a papilionid butterfly (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male scent ; Atrophaneura alcinous ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; benzaldehyde ; phenylacetaldehyde ; 2-phenylpropenal ; n-heptanal ; 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde (major component), 2-phenylpropenal,n-heptanal, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and linalool were identified as compounds responsible for the male scent ofAtrophaneura alcinous alcinous. These substances were present predominantly in the wings, and the quantity of them was largest at the inner margin of the hind wing. Female wings also contained some of them in much smaller (except a few components) amounts. The relative proportion of each component exhibited manifests sexual differences.
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    Anemotactic response threshold of the Indian meal moth,Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to its sex pheromone (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 919-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; anemotaxis ; Plodia interpunctella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; behavioral threshold ; behavioral alteration threshold ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Indian meal moth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different concentrations of the sex pheromone (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate on the upwind anemotactic behavior of the malePlodia interpunctella (Hübner) was measured at 23 ± 1 ° C and 34 ± 1 ° C. The stimulus-response regression lines were analyzed by a new procedure that accounts both for control responses in the absence of pheromone and also for peak responses below 100% in the presence of concentrations considerably above the normal physiological levels. From the regression line for each temperature, the upwind anemotactic thresholds were calculated to be 1.34 × 106 molecules/cm3 at 23 ° C and 1.65 × 104 molecules/cm3 at 34 ° C, similar to other thresholds reported in the literature. Since departures from the two lines occurred at the highest concentrations tested, near 108 molecules/cm3, the upwind anemotactic behavior may change qualitatively above an altered-behavior threshold that is about two orders of magnitude higher than the upwind anemotactic threshold. The lower response at 23 ° C suggests that cool temperatures inhibit flight in response to pheromonal stimulation.
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    Synthesis of (±)-10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate, the chiral component of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), with an option for asymmetric induction (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 41-53 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Smaller tea tortrix moth ; Adoxophyes sp. ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; asymmetric induction ; 10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate ; ester ; chirality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new route to (±)-10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate, a minor component of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), is described. An optional sequence that permits the generation of the chiral center with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) as high as 74% (R) or 80% (S) employing the available (S)-(−)-prolinol as a chiral auxiliary may be included. High-performance liquid chromatography of diastereomeric intermediates allows preparation of products with greater ee's.
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    Feeding responses of eastern spruce budworm larvae to sucrose and other carbohydrates (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 233-239 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; carbohydrates ; sucrose ; feeding preference ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Spruce budworm larvae reared on an artificial diet were tested for preference of twelve carbohydrates over a water control. A strong preference for sucrose was seen, followed by fructose, inositol, and glucose. Male and female larvae do not differ in their responses to sucrose. The behavioral threshold for sucrose is at 10−4 to 10−3 M, with a peak response in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 M sucrose.
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    Sex pheromone of the avocado pest,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 255-265 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
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    Looplure efficacy and electrophysiological responses in three plusiinae species (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1455-1462 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Efficacy ; electroantennogram ; looplure ; response threshold ; sex attractant ; trapping ; Trichoplusia ni ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Rachiplusia ou ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Source concentration differences of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, or looplure, were evaluated for field trapping efficiency and electrophysiological responses with malePseudoplusia includens (Walker),Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) andRachiplusia ou (Guenné) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sticky traps baited with 1000 μg of the lure captured a significantly greater (P 〈 0.05) number of maleP. includens andT. ni than any other concentration;R. ou males were caught at a greater rate in traps baited with 100 μg of looplure, significantly more (P 〈 0.05) than with 1000 μg. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies demonstrated that antennae of maleP. includens have a lower response threshold to looplure than eitherT. ni orR. ou antennae, the latter demonstrating the highest significant threshold of response. No differences in the stimulus-response functions of the three species were detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989102
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    Sex pheromone of the fall webworm moth,Hyphantria cunea (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 383-396 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect sex pheromone ; fall webworm moth ; American white moth ; Hyphantria cunea ; salt march caterpillar moth ; Estigmene acrea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae ; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal ; linolealdehyde ; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal ; linolenaldehyde ; (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three compounds have been identified as sex pheromone components produced by female fall webworm moths,Hyphantria cunea (Drury). These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). The ratio of these compounds was approximately 5∶6∶13, respectively, in female tip extracts prepared from U.S.S.R, insects and approximately 1∶8∶21, respectively, in extracts from U.S. insects. The ratio in female effluvia trapped from U.S. insects was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Compound III plus either I or II is effective in eliciting upwind flight in a wind tunnel. Compounds I, II, and III are also components of the sex pheromone system of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury).
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    Compounds modifying the activity of two sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 397-408 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; inhibitor ; Synergist ; lure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-10-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (E10–12∶Ac) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) are sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.). Thirty-two structurally related compounds with chain lengths of 9–14 carbon atoms were exposed withE10–12∶Ac orE,E8,10–12∶Ac in traps in the field to investigate their influence on the activity of the attractants. Only alchols and acetates unsaturated at C-8, -9, or -10 greatly influenced moth captures. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol were weak synergists forE10–12∶Ac but no synergists forE,E8,10–12∶Ac were found. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol inhibited bothE10–12∶Ac andE,E8,10–12∶Ac while (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol, 10-dodecyn-1-ol, (Z) and (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and undecyl acetate inhibited only the former attractant.
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    Mate-seeking behavior and reduced mating byEphestia cautella (Walker) in a sex pheromone-permeated atmosphere (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 507-515 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Almond moth ; Ephestia cautella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; stored products ; pest management ; behavior ; density ; flight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mating rate ofEphestia cautella (Walker) was inversely related to the level of pheromone permeating the air. However, permeation did not prevent mating by altering the number of females calling or the frequency, duration, or pattern of male flight. Instead, permeation probably prevented mating by reducing the distance from which a male can respond to a female. The pheromone level necessary to achieve a particular reduction in mating increases with moth density.
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    Sex pheromone ofPandemis heparana (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 663-670 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pandemis heparana ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; insect behavior ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenl-ol ; tetradecyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 90% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, dodecyl acetate (〈1%), and tetradecyl acetate (〈1%) were identified from gland extracts ofPandemis heparana females by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (including mass fragmentography studies), chemical characterization, total synthesis, laboratory and field bioassays. In the field, a mixture of (Z)-11-tetradecen-l-yl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-yl acetate (95∶5) was found to be essential for attractiveness ofP. heparana males.
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    Effects of pheromone components and their degradation products on the response ofHeliothis spp. to traps (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 755-762 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Heliothis virescens ; tobacco budworm ; Heliothis zea ; bollworm ; virelure ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract None of the isolated degradation products of (Z)-11-hexadecenal [(Z)-11-HDAL] affected the catches of either tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] or bollworm [H. zea (Boddie)] moths when dispensed with pheromone from cotton dental rolls in cone traps. Also, none of the degradation products of (Z)-9-tetradecenal [(Z)-9-TDAL] had an effect on trap catches of tobacco budworm moths. Two of the three chemicals that have previously been identified in ovipositor washes of tobacco budworms but that are absent in those of bollworms caused a reduction in capture of bollworms: (Z)-9-TDAL (1.0 μg/trap) caused a 96% reduction in trap catch and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (20.0 μg/trap) caused a similar reduction. Tetradencenal (40 μg/trap) had no effect on trap catch.
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    Response of the ichneumonid parasiteNemeritis canescens to Kairomones from the flour moth,Ephestia kuehniella (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 843-850 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomones ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1 ; 3-diones ; Ephestia keuhniella Zeller ; (syn.Anagasta kuehniella Zeller) ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canescens (Grav.) (syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)) ; Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) ; Ephestia elutella (Hubner) ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, a novel class of compounds in the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia(=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller, act as kairomones. Their relative activities in eliciting oviposition responses from the larval parasiteNemeritis(=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) are reported.
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    Pheromone hydrolysis by cuticular and interior esterases of the antennae, legs, and wings of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 859-866 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antennae ; esterases ; pheromone degradation ; cuticle ; olfaction ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Examination was made of the hydrolytic activities of esterases obtained from the antennae, legs, and wings of 3-day-old cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), by elution and by homogenation of those appendages. Pheromone hydrolysis in 1-min assays was monitored by use of tritium-labeled (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and thin-layer chromatography to separate the reaction products. Listed according to the activities of the esterases obtained by homogenation, the organs were antennae 〉 legs 〉 wings. In contrast, the order according to the activities of the eluted esterases was wings 〉 legs 〉 antennae. Also, the eluted enzymes were less active than the esterases obtained by homogenization. The relatively high pheromone-hydrolyzing activity present in homogenized antennae suggests that the esterases originated inside the antennae and lends support to the hypothesis proposed in earlier investigations that pheromone-inactivating enzymes may play an important role in the olfactory process, possibly by clearing pheromone from the vicinity of the olfactory receptors. The esterases detected on the cuticle, on the other hand, may function by preventing surface accumulation of pheromone. The higher measured esterase activity in homogenates of prothoracic legs than of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs suggests that the prothoracic legs, which are used to clean the antennae of debris, may function by removing and degrading pheromone from the surface of antennae.
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    Development of a bioluminescence assay for aldehyde pheromones of insects (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 923-933 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aldehyde pheromone ; bioluminescence ; corn earworm ; Heliothis zea ; insect pheromone ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitera ; western spruce budworm ; Choristoneura occidentalis ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; assay for aldehydes ; Pyralidae ; Noctuidae ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone levels in the glands of individual female moths of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), the western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and the corn earworm (Heliothis zea) were quantitively measured by means of a new bacterial bioluminescence assay specific for aldehydes. The sensitivity and rapidity of the bioluminescent assay enabled studies to be conducted on the dependence of the pheromone levels in the spruce budworm on age and the effect of photoperiod on the pheromone levels in the corn earworm. The bioluminescence assay provides a rapid and sensitive approach for studying aldehyde pheromone levels and their regulation in insects.
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    Development of a bioluminescence assay for aldehyde pheromones of insects (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 935-945 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aldehydes ; bioluminescence ; insect pheromones ; Porapak Q ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; (E)-11-tetradecenal ; trapping ; bioassay for aldehydes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A newly developed bioluminescent assay was used to measure quantitatively the amount of (E)-11-tetradecenal, the major component of the sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, trapped on Porapak Q®. The bioluminescent response was linearly related to the amount of aldehyde either deposited on the absorbent or trapped from an airstream. However, the recovery of pheromone from Porapak was dependent on whether the air was prefiltered (through Porapak) or taken directly from the atmosphere. Furthermore, pheromone on Porapak was lost with time during the flow of air through the absorbent, indicating that trapping of aldehyde pheromone should be conducted for short periods of time for optimal recoveries. The applicability of the assay system for the rapid and direct measurement of the release rates of aldehyde pheromone lures was demonstrated for pheromone lures used for baiting spruce budworm traps.
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    Sex pheromone of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) its chemical transformations in sunlight and heat (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 973-980 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (E, Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; European grapevine moth ; Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; photoisomerization ; conjugated diene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Photo- and radical isomerization of (E, Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (DDA) leads to an equilibrium mixture of all four possible geometric isomers of 7,9-DDA in the ratio ofE,E, 69–76%;Z,E, 11–13%;E, Z, 12–15%; andZ, Z, 1–3%. Iodine catalysis of the isomerization takes place even in dark at room temperature and is probably a radical reaction.
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    Composition, quantification, and periodicity of sex pheromone gland volatiles from individualHeliothis virescens females (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1043-1055 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Z11-16:Ald ; 16:Ald ; Z9-14:Ald ; 14:Ald ; sex pheromone emission ; gland volatiles ; blend composition ; pheromone emission rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone gland volatiles from individualHeliothis virescens (F.) females were collected and analyzed on an SP-2330 capillary gas-liquid chromatography column for identification and quantification of the compounds emitted. Only four of the seven compounds previously reported as pheromone components appeared consistently in the volatile collections: 14:Ald, Z9-14:Ald, 16:Ald, and Z11-16:Ald. The female glands did not emit the same amounts of these compounds throughout a 24-hr period; they emitted maximum quantities between 6 and 11 hr after the onset of scotophase with the remainder of the photoperiod having minimal emission rates. Although the absolute quantities fluctuated, the percent compositions of the compounds remained about the same throughout the 24-hr period.
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    An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat (1980)
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    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 727-736 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; drought tolerance ; germination ; seedling growth ; water stress selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance. Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media. Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars. Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water. Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile. Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from −5.9 to −11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress. It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica. Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.
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    Identification and cataloguing of genetic information for resistance to wheat leaf rust (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 769-775 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; host-pathogen specificity ; disease resistance ; leaf rust genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Specific host-pathogen relationship is used to derive genetic information for resistance in commercial cultivars. Twenty-two cultivars were classified into 12 groups based on their reactions to 13 leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) races of India. The cultivars in each group were matched with the Lr gene carrying lines to see which genes they might possess. Confirmation of this information was sought through pedigree analyses. (1) Agra local and NP4 do not seem to have any resistance genes. (2) C306 has gene Lr14a, and NP824 one of the genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a or Lr22. (3) kalyansona carries Lr13 and another additional gene not in study. (4) Chhoti Lerma, NP852, Pusa Lerma, Sharbati Sonora, Shera, UP301 form one group and carry Lr1. (5) Sonalika seems to have Lr2a, Lr11 and additional genes. (6) Hy.65 has Lr10. (7) HS1076-2 and HW135 have the genes Lr2a and Lr3do. (8) HW124 carries the genes Lr1 and Lr3do. (9) Safed Lerma has Lr1 and Lr17. (10) NP846 has the genes Lr1 and Lr15. (11) HB117-107, Janak, UP215 form one group and possess the genes Lr3do and Lr15. (12) Girija possesses the genes Lr10 and Lr15. Based on such grouping of commercial cultivars for resistance genes a ‘Catalogue’ system is advocated for the design of wheat breeding programmes like the development of multiline and multigene cultivars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023224
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    Response to selection for grain yield and harvest index in F2, F3 and F4 derived lines of two wheat crosses (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding ; selection ; grain yield ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aspects of selection for yield and harvest index were investigated by simulating selection using data from random pedigreed F2, F3, F4 and F5 derived lines from two crosses grown in plots at two sites over two years. Improvement in yield through selection was obtained when the response was measured at the same site and in the same year as the selection. Selecting the best 10 per cent of F2 to F4 derived lines gave F5 derived lines that outyielded random selections by 19 to 53 per cent for one cross and 5 to 23 per cent for the second cross. These lines were 41 to 50 per cent better than the mid-parent in one cross, but were less than the mid-parent in the other cross. However, the response to selection when measured in a different year was little better than random selection. The effect of different sites also reduced the effectiveness of selection. Selection of harvest index in early generations for improvement of yield was ineffective when response was measured at the same site in the same year, or in different years. Contrary to some theoretical proposals, the same improvement in yield was obtained by selecting in early or late generations. While high yielding genotypes may be lost by delaying selection, this is counteracted by the better predictive value of late generations due to their greater homozygosity and homogeneity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028316
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  • 60
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    Effect of embryo age and culture media on plant growth and vernalization response in winter wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; vernalization ; cold treatment ; immature embryos ; excised embryos ; kinetin ; nutrient media ; seedling growth ; plant growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Embryo age and composition of nutrient medium affected plant growth and response to vernalization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Root and shoot development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. Kinetin (2 mg/l) in the medium did not accelerate vernalization, probably because it tended to inhibit seedling and plant growth. Embryo age and media did not completely replace vernalization. Twenty- and 16-day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Among plants raised on a standard medium from 20-day-old embryos and vernalized for 4 weeks, 84.2% flowered by or before 50 days after transplanting. Time from embryo culture to heading for 20-day-old embryos with-4-week vernalization averaged 84.6 days. Immature embryos (16–20 days old) needed only 4 weeks of vernalization compared to 6 weeks for mature embryos. Excised embryos could be vernalized as efficiently as seedlings raised by embryo culture. Embryo culture at 16–20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of winter wheat by about 40 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039201
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    Monosomic analysis of stem rust resistance in the wheat cultivar Almus (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 965-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; black rust ; stem rust ; aneuploids ; gene location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Monosomic analysis of resistance to stem rust, race 11 (isolate G 425) was carried out in the cultivar Almus (GDR) possessing a 1B/1R translocation. F2 progenies of monosomic and disomic F1 plants of Almus crossed with 21 monosomic lines of Chinese Spring were tested. Two lines (1B and 6B) differed significantly from the disomic segregation ratio by a higher number of resistant plants and two other lines (1D and 6A) by a lower number of resistant plants. The results fitted a hypothesis comprising the interaction of two genes for resistance and two inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039236
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  • 62
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    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Anaerobic ; Flooding ; Inorganic nutrients ; Mineral nutrition ; Nutrient accumulation ; Triticum aestivum ; Urea ; Waterlogging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Decreases in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, in the shoots of wheat seedlings soon after the start of waterlogging were mainly attributed to an inhibition of ion uptake and transport by roots in the oxygen deficient soil. There was a small net accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the aerial tissues, principally the tillers rather than the main shoot. By contrast, calcium and magnesium accumulated in both tillers and main shoot. With waterlogging, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were translocated from the older leaves to the younger growing leaves, and in the case of nitrogen this was associated with the onset of premature senescence. Calcium and magnesium were not translocated from the older leaves, the younger leaves acquiring these cations from the waterlogged soil. The promotion of leaf senescence by waterlogging was counteracted by applications of nitrate or ammonium to the soil surface, or by spraying the shoots with solutions of urea, but the beneficial effects on shoot growth were small. The role of mineral nutrition in relation to waterlogging damage to young cereal plants is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205847
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  • 63
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    Studies on multilines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).12. Breeding of a multiline variety by convergence of breeding lines (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat multiline ; limited backcross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The variation among the component lines of the KSML 3 (a multiline based on cultivar Kalyansona, spring bread wheat) was studied for agronomic characteristics. For days to earing and plant height the variation was small. This helped in imparting uniformity to the multiline. The lines had an improved tillering ability and had larger seeds. This partially explained the increased yield potential of the multiline as compared with Kalyansona. All the lines were susceptible only to one or two races of the yellow and brown rust. In no case any race was virulent against all the lines. In the field all the lines were resistant to both rusts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037257
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  • 64
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    Comparison of lattice designs, check plots, and moving means in wheat breeding trials (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; randomized complete block designs ; lattice designs ; check plots ; moving means ; heritabilities ; coefficients of variation ; grain yield ; height ; test weight ; seed weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Efficiencies of lattice designs, check plot designs, and moving means were compared in seven environments for control of error in wheat breeding trials. Lattice analyses of lattice designs and check plot covariance analyses of check plot designs gave similar CV's and intra-site heritabilities and were superior to direct RCBD analyses of these designs. Moving mean covariance analyses were generally only slightly less efficient than lattice analyses or check plot covariance analyses. Differences between designs and methods of analysis, which were evident on an intra-site basis, were not evident from combined analyses indicating that genotype x environment interaction is much more important than intra-site error in limiting progress from selection. Moving mean covariance analyses with 2 replicates per location and as many locations as feasible is suggested as a useful strategy for early generation wheat breeding trials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037258
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  • 65
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    The site of action of the crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. I. Pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and number of pollen tubes (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 571-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; site of action ; crossability ; pollen germination ; pollen tube growth ; number of pollen tubes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seven genotypes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed with rye (Secale cereale L.) in order to find the site or sites of action of the crossability genes, Kr 1 and Kr 2, of wheat. The data obtained, by fluorescence microscopy, were compared to the controls (wheat x wheat). The results indicate that the crossability genes have little effect on pollen germination and on the time taken for the pollen tubes to reach the microphyle, irrespective of their crossabilities with rye. The number of pollen tubes reaching the microphyle is, however, affected by the Kr-genes, as high crossable genotypes have more pollen tubes than the low crossable ones. There was a high correlation between the mean number of pollen tubes at the micropyle with seed set, which also reflects the crossability. The Kr-genes seem to manifest themselves in the retardation and inhibition of pollen tube growth between the style base and the top of the embryo sac, where the effect is most distinct in the low crossable genotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023204
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  • 66
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    Monosomic analysis of fertility restoration in common wheat ‘Prof. Marchal’ (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 895-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; male-fertility restoration ; monosomic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a monosomic set of ‘Chinese Spring’ and male-sterile ‘Janus’ (with cytoplasm of T. timopheevi Zhuk.) were used to determine the chromosomal location of Rf-genes in ‘Professeur Marchal’. As revealed by test cross data, a major gene cofeerring fertility restoration was present in ‘Prof. Marchal’ on chromosome 1B. A significant deviation towards sterility was observed in some fest cross progenies. Chromosome 1B of ‘Chinese Spring’ appeared to carry a dominant restoring gene, which caused partial restoration of fertility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039229
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    Male scent-producing structures inColias butterflies (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Butterfly ; Colias philodice ; chemical communication ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; male scent ; courtship ; sex brands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During successful courtship in sulfur butterflies, virgin females respond to males by assuming a stationary posture and extending the abdomen ventrally from between the hindwings, thereby permitting copulation. In the clouded sulfur,Colias philodice Godard, this response was used in a laboratory bioassay to confirm the existence of a male chemical signal demonstrated by a previous worker and to document the signal's behavioral function and source. The male scent is shown to be required, in part, to reliably elicit abdominal extension and to be emitted from a patch of cells and scales associated with the dorsal surface of the male hind wing near the wing base. Experiments also show that evaporation of the signal is reduced when the source is covered by the forewing as it is at rest and in flight. These data, coupled with other information on male chemical signals in sulfur butterflies and other Lepidoptera, suggest that in sulfurs the morphology and chemistry of the scent glands along with the behavior of the male are structured in a way that minimizes the evaporative loss of scent from the wings when the male is not courting females.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987523
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    Lesser peachtree borer: Influence of pheromone concentration, isomeric blend, and experimental design on trap capture (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; lesser peachtree borer ; field test design ; Synanthedon pictipes ; clearwing moths ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trap capture data from Ohio and Wisconsin show that (E,Z)-3-13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate alone is an effective trap bait for maleSynanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson). Attractiveness increased by increasing attractant concentration but not by adding theZ,E geometrical isomer.S. pictipes males partitioned themselves in a linear fashion among traps baited with 10–100 μg of attractant in 10-μg increments. Furthermore, they discriminated between 50- and 100-μg baits placed in the same tree. These and other results indicate that, in clearwing experiments involving noninhibitory compounds and blend tuning, high trap density can be used successfully.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402914
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    Pharmacodynamics of some individual milkweed cardenolides fed to larvae of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 321-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cardenolides ; monarch butterfly ; Danaus plexippus L. ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; storage ; regulation ; metabolism ; uscharidin ; calactin ; calotropin ; uzarigenin ; digitoxigenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), store only some of the cardenolides present in the larval milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) host. Feeding known doses of individual cardenolides to 4th instar monarch larvae led to more efficient larval tissue incorporation at low doses than at high ones, and favored storage of cardenolide glycosides over genins. A qualitative regulation also occurs during larval feeding; calactin and calotropin were stored as such but uscharidin was rapidly converted to a mixture of calactin and calotropin which were the forms stored by the larvae. Two genins, uzarigenin and digitoxigenin, were stored by larvae as polar cardenolide metabolites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402911
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  • 70
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    A trail pheromone from silk produced by larvae of the range caterpillarHemileuca oliviae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and observations on aggregation behavior (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 655-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; trail pheromone ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methylene chloride-extractable chemical(s) from range caterpillar larval silk facilitates trail-following and aggregation by early-instar larvae, but late-instar larvae are less responsive to the pheromone. Larval aggregation does not reduce water loss when larvae are exposed to low humidity, nor does aggregation prevent predation by the antFormica neoclara Emery. Grouped larvae gain weight and complete early stadia more rapidly as compared to solitary larvae. Aggregation may provide increased visibility to herbivores and increase the impact of urticating spines, thereby decreasing inadvertant predation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987676
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  • 71
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    Dodecyl acetate, a second pheromone component of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 727-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dodecyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dodecyl acetate was identified as a second component of the sex pheromone ofTrichoplusia ni (Hübner). Dodecyl acetate comprised 9.6% by weight of the total pheromone [(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate] extracted from glands and 7.3% by weight of the total pheromone evaporated from the surfaces of glands. Dodecyl acetate appears to function as a short-range pheromone component. Evaporation at female release rates of a 10∶90 mixture of dodecyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the field caused a significantly greater percentage of males to land on the pheromone source, increased significantly the time they spent on the source, but decreased significantly the time they spent searching for the source when within 50 cm, as compared to (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate alone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990397
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    Selection of a polyethylene tubing formulation of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and its use in disrupting pheromone communication inHeliothis zea (Boddie) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Release rate ; polyethylene ; formulations ; controlled release ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The release rates of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate (Z9TDF) from four sizes of polyethylene tubing were measured periodically for 50 days by collecting the Z9TDF vapors on a polymeric adsorbent. The resulting release rate curves had shapes that were determined by the tubing's diameter and wall thickness. One tubing size that combined good longevity with adequately high release rates was tested in the field to determine whether it could disrupt pheromone communication of the corn earworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). We observed a low percentage of disruption, but release rate measurements made concurrently showed that the tubing was releasing Z9TDF normally. In a second field test, a larger quantity of Z9TDF was released, and 87% disruption was attained for 66 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990401
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