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  • Other Sources  (344)
  • ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)  (185)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • Seismology
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (344)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1979  (344)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (344)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    Are foreshocks distinctive? Evidence from the 1966 Parkfield and the 1975 Oroville, California sequences (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1027-1038, pp. L09611
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Fore-shocks ; Earthquake ; Discrimination ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Spectrum ; Corner frequency ; Seismology ; Body waves ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Subduction of the Nazca plate beneath Peru: Evidence from spatial distribution of earthquakes (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Warszawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 537-555, pp. 2121
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Seismology ; South ; America ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Attenuation of P and S waves diffracted around the core (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., London, Elsevier, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 353-379, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Seismology ; P-waves ; Shear waves ; Q-structure ; Quality factor ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., London, Elsevier, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 381-395, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Seismology ; P-waves ; Shear waves ; Q-structure ; Quality factor ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    New Zealand and Antarctic seismology (1979)
    In:  Earthquake Information Bulletin, Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 170-174, pp. 1228, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Review article ; Project report/description
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    A moment magnitude scale (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 84, no. 7055, pp. 2348-2350, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Magnitude ; Source parameters ; seismic Moment ; Statistical investigations ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    A semi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquakes (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 1645-1670, pp. 2265, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    A review of the 1356 Basel earthquake: Basic data (1979)
    In:  Tectonophys., Bonn, 3-4, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 325-333, pp. L10306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    The deep structure of the continents (1979)
    In:  Sci. Am., Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 240 , no. 1, pp. 92-107, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Lithosphere ; earth mantle ; SciAm
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    A modified form of the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1209-1214, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Magnitude ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Magnitude corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 609-638, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Attenuation ; Inelastic ; Magnitude ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Shear velocity structure in the eastern United States from the inversion of surface-wave group and phase velocities (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 1133-1148, pp. L09610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Shear waves ; Surface waves ; Phase velocity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Seismic source theory (1979)
    In:  Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., San Francisco, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 17, no. B10, pp. 328-336, pp. B10404, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Structure under Mount Rainier, Washington, inferred from teleseismic body waves (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 84, no. B9, pp. 4749-4762, pp. L15S20, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Teleseismic events ; Seismology ; Volcanology ; Velocity depth profile ; USA ; Geol. aspects ; Body waves ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Comment on "Dispersion function computations for unlimited frequency values" by Anas Abo Zena (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 315-323, pp. L24314, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Dispersion ; Frequency ; Seismology ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Observations of sPn from Swabian Alb earthquakes at the GRF-Array (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys., Würzburg, Physica-Verlag, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 337-340, pp. L24313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: P-waves ; Seismic arrays ; Seismology ; ConvolutionR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    On the relation between seismic moment and stress drop in the presence of stress and strength heterogeneity (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 84, no. B5, pp. 2243-2250, pp. B05315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: seismic Moment ; Stress drop ; Stress ; Strength ; Seismology ; Modelling ; Source parameters ; Inhomogeneity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Magnitude corrections for attenuation in the upper mantle (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 57, no. 5372, pp. 609-638, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Attenuation ; Magnitude ; Nuclear explosion ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Studies of seismicity and selected focal mechanisms in Switzerland (1979)
    In:  Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt., Bonn, 3-4, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 127-132, pp. L10306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Observations relevant to seismic driving stress, stress drop, and efficiency (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, August, vol. 84, no. 3-4, pp. 2251-2261, pp. 1610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Stress ; Stress drop ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Source parameters ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    An integral equation for dynamic elastic response of an isolated 3-D crack (1979)
    In:  Wave Motion, Tulsa, 3-4, vol. 1, no. 13, pp. 187-192, pp. B10303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Aleutian subduction zone seismicity, volcano-trench separation, and their relation to great thrust-type earthquakes (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 4583-4591, pp. 1013, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Volcanology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    On the relation between Modified Mercalli intensity and body-wave magnitude (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 893-909, pp. L11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Intensity ; Magnitude ; BSSA ; body wave Magnitude
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    On the observability of isotropic seismic sources: the July 31, 1970 Colombian earthquake (1979)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Kyoto, AGU, vol. 18, no. B1, pp. 176-196, pp. L24302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; PEPI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    An in situ velocity study: the Stone Canyon well (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Pergamon, vol. 84, no. B2, pp. 672-678, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Velocity ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: Vp/Vs anomalies ; JGR ; Body waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Seismic signal detection and parameter estimation (1979)
    In:  Geophys. Prosp., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-15, pp. 1068, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismology ; Statistical investigations ; CoherencyE
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Elastic Waves in the Earth (1979)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 490 pp., Elsevier, vol. 11, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (3-540-43395-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    Dispersion function computations for unlimited frequency values (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J., vol. 58, no. B11, pp. 91-105
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Layers ; Dispersion ; Frequency ; Synthetic seismograms
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Determination of geometric and dynamic focal parameters for some strong intermediate earthquakes in the Vrancea region (1979)
    In:  Rev. Roum. Géol., Géophys. et Géogr. - Géophysique, Münster, 3, vol. 23, no. 3-4, pp. 39-49, pp. L12311, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Travel time inversion: A geometrical approach (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 3615-3622, pp. B04307, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Travel time ; Inversion ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Seismology ; JGR
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  • 31
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    Instantaneous power spectra (1979)
    Naval Ocean Systems Center
    In:  report, San Diego, Naval Ocean Systems Center, vol. 1, no. paper SPWLA 90-C, pp. M1-M4, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Power spectrum ; Spectrum
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    Spektralanalyse seismischer Wellen zur Beschreibung des Scherbruches bei den Erdbeben in Friaul (1979)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Univ. Stuttgart
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Granada, 10-12 June 1999, Inst. f. Geophys., Univ. Stuttgart, vol. 339-350, no. 32, pp. 103-108, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Spectral analysis ; Spectrum ; Earthquake ; Seismology ; Fracture
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Numerical modeling of transient wave fields in seismology and seismic prospecting (1979)
    In:  Preprint, Novosibirsk, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, no. AFGL-TR-87-0230, pp. 103-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Modelling ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Wave propagation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Dynamic Green's functions for layered media and application to boundary-value problem (1979)
    Univ. Calif.
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, San Diego, Univ. Calif., vol. 11, no. PEER Utilities Pgm. Rep. 2000/17, 24 pp., pp. 207
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Modelling ; Layers ; Synthetic seismograms ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    Geologische Erdbebenphänomene im Gefolge von Nuklear- und Molecularexplosionen (1979)
    Forschungsinstitut für militärische Bautechnik
    In:  report, Zürich, Forschungsinstitut für militärische Bautechnik, vol. 10, no. FMB 79.10, pp. 2985-3018
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Buechi ; Buchi
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 36
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    Eine anormale Geschwindigkeitsstruktur im oberen Erdmantel unter den Ostalpen, abgeleitet aus teleseismischen Laufzeit Residuen der Stationen Schlegeis und Gräfenberg (1979)
    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
    In:  Diplomarbeit, München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, vol. 10, no. 28, pp. 309-314
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Teleseismic events ; Velocity analysis ; earth mantle ; Seismology ; Bruestle ; Brustle
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Fault plane solutions using relative amplitudes of P and surface reflections: further studies (1979)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Basle, Wiley, vol. 60, no. 5441, pp. 459-487, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 38
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    Die Anwendung von Vorhersagefiltern zur Ereigniserkennung bei digitalen Breitbandseismogrammen (1979)
    Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    In:  Hannover, Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 25, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Detectors ; Filter- ; Broad-band
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  • 39
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    Erdbeben (1979)
    Hallwag
    In:  Stuttgart, Hallwag, vol. 30, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-865-42078-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismology ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    CEDAR: An approach to the computer automation of short period local seismic networks (1979)
    Caltech
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, Pasadena, CA., Caltech, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2212(I), pp. 79-84, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Detectors ; sta ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; High frequency ...
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  • 41
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    A first order scattering solution for modeling elastic wave codas. Part 1. The acoustic case (1979)
    In:  Preprint, Beijing, Halliburton Logging Services, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2212(II), pp. 938-939, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Scattering ; Coda (waves, ~ of seismograms) ; Wave propagation ; Acoustics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 42
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    Die Bestimmung der seismischen Wellenenergie im Zeitbereich unter Verwendung der digitalen Registrierungen des Seismologischen Zentralobservatoriums Gräfenberg (1979)
    Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophys., Goethe Univ. Frankfurt
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Roma, Inst. f. Meteorol. und Geophys., Goethe Univ. Frankfurt, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 78 (?), pp. 193-210, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic arrays ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Energy (of earthquakes)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 43
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    Deep structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle in the USSR according to geophysical and seismological data (1979)
    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    In:  rept., Livermore, Calif., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 10, no. UCID-18099, pp. 1358-1361, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe)
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  • 44
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    Crustal structure of the western United States (1979)
    U. S. Geol. Surv.
    In:  Prof. Paper, Menlo Park, California, U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 1034, no. 77-3, pp. 1-74, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Velocity depth profile ; USGS ; USA ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Surface wave focal mechanisms for eastern North American earthquakes with tectonic implications (1979)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 3543-3552, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Surface waves ; Tectonics ; Source ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    SH-wave generation by dislocation sources - A numerical study (1979)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1-15, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Dislocation ; SH waves ; Source ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 47
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    Determination of the seismic design parameters: a stochastic approach (1979)
    Stanford University, California
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, La Jolla, CA, Stanford University, California, vol. 1034, no. 77-767, pp. 293-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Seismic arrays ; Statistical investigations
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 48
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    HYPOELLIPSE - A computer program for determining local earthquake hypocentral parameters, magnitude, and first motion pattern (1979)
    U. S. Geol. Surv.
    In:  Open-File Report, Houston, U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 79-431, pp. 1-57, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Hypocentral depth ; Location ; software ; USGS
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    Manual of seismological observatory practice (1979)
    NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce
    In:  report, Houston, NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce, vol. 10, no. SE-20, pp. 206-209, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Instruments ; BIBTEX?
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  • 50
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    Metallurgical processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The metallurgical processing experiments on Skylab were chosen to: (1) elucidate the unknown effects of a low gravity environment on certain processes; (2) determine to what extent nongravitational driven flows operate in the processes; and (3) explore the possibilities of containerless solidification. Welding and brazing experiments were conducted to provide an understanding of solidification mechanics in a weightless environment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 37 p
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  • 51
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    Early space experiments in materials processing: Future programs (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: A list of the present state of knowledge in materials processing is presented. The fluid behavior in a low gravity environment is summarized. Materials processing in the Space Transportation System facility is discussed. Prospects for space commercialization are reported.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 16 p
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  • 52
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    Post-Skylab activities (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The Apollo Soyuz Test Program is described. A modification of the Skylab furnace was developed for the ASTP mission that had a maximum temperature of 1200 C, a programmed cool down to give more uniform growth rates, and a He quench system to shorten the time required to reach allowable touch temperature. The Space Processing Applications Rocket (SPAR) program was initiated to provide some continuity in flight experimentation. Liquid mixing, immiscible alloy solidification, composite materials, bubbles and dispersed particles during solidification, and containerless processing techniques were studied in the SPAR program.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 45 p
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  • 53
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    Fluid behavior in low g (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Several experiments and a number of demonstrations were performed during Skylab to elucidate the behavior of fluids in space. The purposes of these experiments were to confirm hypotheses on how systems would behave in a low-g environment, determine to what extent residual accelerations and nongravity-driven convection affected processes, and provide graphic demonstrations of fluid behavior in space for classroom use and to stimulate new ideas for low-g research.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 33 p
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  • 54
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    Possible applications of space processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Numerous applications take advantage of low gravity. These range from research, such as study of basic properties of materials or developing a better understanding of various processes and how they might be controlled, to actual production of unique materials, either in very limited quantities for research purposes to serve as paradigms for determining the limiting results of processes in which gravity effects are removed, or in large quantities, to fill certain high technology needs that cannot be met by other means. Examples of these are given in the following topics discussed: (1) crystal growth; (2) metals, alloys and composite materials (metallurgy); (3) glass and ceramics (containerless processing); (4) fluid and chemical processes; and (5) processing of biological materials.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 60 p
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  • 55
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    The evolution of apparatus for materials processing on Skylab (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The following topics are discussed: (1) the inception of space processing; (2) earth-based experimental activities prior to Skylab (drop tower and research aircraft experiments); (3) preliminary experiments in space (Apollo and sounding rocket experiments); and (4) Skylab experimental facilities. Apparatus for contained materials processing; for brazing in space; and containerless processing are presented and discussed. The Skylab materials processing system and miscellaneous design considerations are also discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 48 p
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  • 56
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    NASA workshop on outgassing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: The materials and processing constraints that are involved in the construction of a molecular wake shield for the shuttle orbiter are discussed. Stainless steel, having outgassing rates less than the required 10 to the minus 12th power Torr-liters/sq cm per second was the primary material suggested for the construction of the shield.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 17 p
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  • 57
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    Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the assessment of models of a wake shield environment around various spacecraft, Universities Space Research Association (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: Models depicting the ambient atmosphere which can overtake the spacecraft vacuum shield are presented. The subject areas discussed are: possible changing effects on the wake shield environment; possible utilization of the induced environmental contamination monitor; present state of the knowledge of the parameters used to describe the intermolecular collisions; the possibility of using simple models to describe the wake shield environment; possible errors associated with using kinetic theory to calculate that part of the atmosphere overtaking the shield; and a general assessment of the Monte Carlo techniques used to calculate the shield environment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 6 p
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  • 58
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    Proceedings of workshops to define engineering requirements for a space vacuum research Facility: Summary (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: Models depicting the collision dynamics in the near vicinity of a body orbiting in the upper atmosphere were studied to investigate degassing techniques for a vacuum facility.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 3 p
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  • 59
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    Platforms in space: Evolutionary trends (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The problem of physical crowding and the proliferation of separate communication links and ground support systems for multiple free-flying satellites can be overcome by using space platforms and multiplexing the data streams. Pertinent features of the space shuttle orbiter payloads, the solar power satellite, and geostationary and geosynchronous platforms are discussed. Typical payload requirements data which are needed to allow meaningful study of payloads as candidates for platform implementation are cited and factors affecting the compatibility/grouping of payloads are outlined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc.: Workshop on the Need for Lightning Observations from Space; p 159-182
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  • 60
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    Extraction processes for the production of aluminum, titanium, iron, magnesium, and oxygen and nonterrestrial sources (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The suitability of existing terrestrial extractive metallurgical processes for the production of Al, Ti, Fe, Mg, and O2 from nonterrestrial resources is examined from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Carbochlorination of lunar anorthite concentrate in conjunction with Alcoa electrolysis process for Al; carbochlorination of lunar ilmenite concentrate followed by Ca reduction of TiO2; and subsequent reduction of Fe2O3 by H2 for Ti and Fe, respectively, are suggested. Silicothermic reduction of olivine concentrate was found to be attractive for the extraction of Mg becaue of the technological knowhow of the process. Aluminothermic reduction of olivine is the other possible alternative for the production of magnesium. The large quantities of carbon monoxide generated in the metal extraction processes can be used to recover carbon and oxygen by a combination of the following methods: (1) simple disproportionation of CO,(2) methanation of CO and electrolysis of H2O, and (3) solid-state electrolysis of gas mixtures containing CO, CO2, and H2O. The research needed for the adoption of earth-based extraction processes for lunar and asteroidal minerals is outlined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 257-274
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  • 61
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    The initial lunar supply base (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The first lunar supply base should have a mass less than 1000 tons, be deployed by 24 persons in 4 months, and be maintained by 10 persons. Output could be expanded 20 times in 5 years to 600,000 tons/yr by a factor of 10 expansion of the area of the solar array on the lunar surface, using low power soil beneficiation, increasing the fleet of mining vehicles, and illuminating the base continuously at night with lunar orbiting mirrors. The space manufacturing facility (SMF) will supply most of the mass (solar cells and orbiting mirrors) necessary for expansion. Several devices and procedures are suggested for development which could further reduce the total mass necessary to transport to the Moon to establish the initial lunar supply base.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center. Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 207-224
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  • 62
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    Prediction of energetic particle disturbances (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The prediction of fluxes of energetic particles of solar or magnetospheric origin is addressed. Topics include the prediction of the properties of the particle populations generated by magnetospheric storms and substorms, and the prediction of long term variations in the populations of magnetospheric particles.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 415-432
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  • 63
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    Solar-induced variations of environment affecting manned space flight and spacecraft operations (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Estimates of short and long term solar activity are required for calculating variations in the environment with regard to spacecraft charging, radiation effects, and orbital lifetime. Correlations appear to exist between the time of solar activity and the time of operational anomalies due to electrical discharges when the dielectric surfaces of geosynchronous spacecraft are charged by interaction with the ambient plasma to levels above breakdown voltage. An ability to predict the solar induced variation variability of the plasmas could permit refinement of design criteria. The influence of the radiation on spacecraft materials, systems, and manned operations is summarized. Solar radition effects on the orbital altitude atmospheric density environment and spacecraft lifetimes are also considered.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 89-103
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  • 64
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    User requirements of solar-terrestrial predictions for spacecraft applications (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Areas which are influenced by solar-terrestrial coupling effects and which are internal to the Earth's magnetosphere are of interest to mission planners, spacecraft hardware designers, and those engaged in the operation of already orbiting manned or unmanned spacecraft. Accurate models are needed to predict energetic particle flux density, interactions between low energy (10 eV to 100 eV) near-Earth plasma and space systems, and neutral atmospheres. Parameters required for each of these areas are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 1-20
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  • 65
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    Extraterrestrial fiberglass production using solar energy (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A conceptual design is presented for fiberglass production systems in both lunar and space environments. The raw material, of lunar origin, will be plagioclase concentrate, high silica content slag, and calcium oxide. Glass will be melted by solar energy. The multifurnace in the lunar plant and the spinning cylinder in the space plant are unique design features. Furnace design appears to be the most critical element in optimizing system performance. A conservative estimate of the total power generated by solar concentrators is 1880 kW; the mass of both plants is 120 tons. The systems will reproduce about 90 times their total mass in fiberglass in 1 year. A new design concept would be necessary if glass rods were produced in space.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 225-232
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  • 66
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    The processing of semiconductor materials (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Five experiments involving the processing of semiconductor materials were performed during the Skylab mission. After discussions on semiconductors and their unique electronic properties, and techniques of crystal growth, these five experiments are presented. Four melt growth experiments were attempted: (1) steady state growth and segregation under zero gravity (InSb); (2) seeded, containerless solidification of InSb; (3) influence of gravity-free solidification on microsegregation; and (4) directional solidification of InSb-GaSb alloys. One vapor growth experiment, crystal growth by vapor transport, was attempted.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 45 p
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  • 67
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    The promise of space processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The long exposure to a virtually zero-gravity environment is a truly unique situation that cannot be duplicated or even approximated for any length of time on earth. The topics discussed are: (1) low gravity; (2) atmospheric effects; (3) potential advantages of materials processing in space; (4) the absence of buoyancy-driven convection; (5) the absence of hydrostatic pressure; (6) the absence of sedimentation and buoyancy; (7) containerless processing; and (8) ultrahigh vacuum processing.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 37 p
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  • 68
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    Future exploration of the asteroids (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Future possibilities for the further study of the asteroids are reviewed, with particular attention paid to space missions for their direct exploration. The role of traditional ground-based and earth orbiting techniques is examined briefly, and it is concluded that although astronomical techniques are presently at their peak, and despite the opportunities provided by the Infrared Astronomical satellite, the Space Telescope and Spacelab Infrared Telescope Facility, the next major step will require direct exploration by space probes to obtain information on asteroid surface chemistry, geology and bulk properties. Various mission modes and propulsion systems for a first multi-target asteroid mission are discussed, including flyby, rendezvous, landing and sample return, and ion-drive propulsion systems. Science payloads for a basic rendezvous mission are considered, and target selection for multi-asteroid flyby tours and rendezvous tours is discussed. Consideration is also given to sample return missions for the evaluation of the asteroid as potential resources.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
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  • 69
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    Source position loci for the gamma-ray bursts recorded October 20 and November 10, 1977 (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Further constraints are imposed on the sites of the gamma-ray bursts recorded Oct. 20 and Nov. 10, 1977 with the Prognoz 6 satellite and the Helios 2 spacecraft. The loci of the burst sources are 1.7-arcmin-wide bands in which no X-ray sources, pulsars, supernova remnants, or galaxies brighter than 13m occur.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 70
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    Gravitational influences on the liquid-state homogenization and solidification of aluminum antimonide (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Typical commercial or laboratory-prepared samples of polycrystalline AlSb contain microstructural inhomogeneities of Al- or Sb-rich phases in addition to the primary AlSb grains. The paper reports on gravitational influences, such as density-driven convection or sedimentation, that cause microscopic phase separation and nonequilibrium conditions to exist in earth-based melts of AlSb. A triple-cavity electric furnace is used to homogenize the multiphase AlSb samples in space and on earth. A comparative characterization of identically processed low- and one-gravity samples of commercial AlSb reveals major improvements in the homogeneity of the low-gravity homogenized material.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Metallurgical Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science; 10A; May 1979
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  • 71
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    Diffuse fluxes of cosmic high-energy neutrinos (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Production spectra of high-energy neutrinos from galactic cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar gas and extragalactic ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray interactions with microwave blackbody photons are presented and discussed. These production processes involve the decay of charged pions and are thus related to the production of cosmic gamma rays from the decay of neutral pions. Estimates of the neutrino fluxes from various diffuse cosmic sources are then made, and the reasons for significant differences with previous estimates are discussed. Small predicted event rates for a DUMAND (deep underwater muon and neutrino detector) type detection system, combined with a possible significant flux of prompt neutrinos from the atmosphere above 50 TeV, may make the study of diffuse extraterrestrial neutrinos more difficult than previously thought.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
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  • 72
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    Modeling of electron time variations in the radiation belts (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A review of the temporal variation in the trapped electron population of the inner and outer radiation zones is presented. Techniques presently used for modeling these zones are discussed and their deficiencies identified. An intermediate region is indicated between the zones in which the present modeling techniques are inadequate due to the magnitude and frequency of magnetic storms. Future trends are examined, and it is suggested that modeling of individual magnetic storms may be required in certain L bands. An analysis of seven magnetic storms is presented, establishing the independence of the depletion time of the storm flux and the storm magnitude. Provisional correlation between the storm magnitude and the Dst index is demonstrated.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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    A possible closure relation for heat transport in the solar wind (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The objective of the present paper is to search for an empirical closure relation for solar wind heat transport that applies to a microscopic scale. This task is approached by using the quasi-linear wave-particle formalism proposed by Perkins (1973) as a guide to derive an equation relating the relative drift speed between core-electron and proton populations to local bulk flow conditions. The resulting relationship, containing one free parameter, is found to provide a good characterization of Los Alamos Imp electron data measuring during the period from March 1971 through August 1974. An empirical closure relation is implied by this result because of the observed proportionality between heat flux and relative drift speed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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    A search for low energy gamma rays from CG 195+4 (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A 13-deg-wide region of sky containing the high-energy gamma-ray source CG 195+4 was searched for X-ray and gamma-ray emission in the energy interval from 0.035 to 8.737 MeV. The balloon-altitude measurements were undertaken on October 4, 1977, at Palestine, Texas, and used an actively collimated scintillation counter. As a result of the measurements, low upper limits have been found for the spectrum from the source. Combined with the positive detections made with satellites at high energies, the measurements show that the photon number spectrum must have a spectral index harder than 2.0. The data appear inconsistent with models of the source in which the presumed neutron star is surrounded by a cloud thick to X-rays. Negative results of the search for periodicity are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 79; 1-2,; Oct. 197
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  • 75
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    X-ray emission from gamma-ray sources in the galactic anticentre region (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An X-ray survey of three high energy gamma-ray sources in the galactic anticenter region conducted using the large area sky survey instrument on HEAO 1 is presented. The sensitivity of this survey is highest reported, and two, and possibly three, X-ray sources were detected in the vicinity of gamma 195+5. Three new X-ray sources have been discovered within a few degrees of CG176-7, but none overlaps the gamma-ray error box. These results demonstrate that gamma-ray sources like CG195+4 and CG176-7 have emission characteristics different from the Crab pulsar, but may be similar to the Vela pulsar. Alternatively, the lack of detectable X-ray flux suggests that the gamma-ray emission arises from cosmic-ray interactions in dense interstellar clouds. An interesting feature of the new X-ray sources is that four of them may be associated with early-type stars which exhibit emission lines.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature; 282; Dec. 13
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  • 76
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    The use of the German V-2 in US for upper atmosphere research (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Early U.S. space experiments involving the liquid propellant German V-2 are discussed. Although the primary objective of the experiments conducted under project Hermes after World War II was initially the development of missile technology, scientific objectives were soon given the priority. The missile was modified for scientific experiments and the payload increased from 6.8% to 47% between 1946 and 1949. Among other instruments, the payload included a cosmic ray telescope, ionosphere transmitter and spectrograph for solar spectral measurements. While the scientific success of the program established a positive public attitude towards space research, the Upper Atmosphere Research Panel, formed to coordinate the project, set a pattern for future scientific advisory bodies.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: vol. 32; Dec. 197
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  • 77
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    The mean intensity of radiation at 2 microns in the solar neighborhood (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Consideration is given to the value of the mean intensity at 2 microns in the solar neighborhood, and it is found that it is likely to be a factor of four greater than previously estimated on theoretical grounds. It is noted however, that the estimate does agree with a reasonable extrapolation of the results of the survey of the Galactic plane by the Japanese group. It is concluded that the mean intensity in the solar neighborhood therefore probably peaks somewhat longward of 1 micron, and that this result is important for understanding the temperature of interstellar dust and the intensity of the far infrared background. This means specifically that dark clouds probably emit significantly more far infrared radiation than previously predicted.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Letters; 20; 3, 19; 1979
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  • 78
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    Galactic plane gamma-radiation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Analysis of the SAS 2 data together with the COS B results shows that the distribution of galactic gamma-radiation has several similarities to that of other large-scale tracers of galactic structure. The radiation is primarily confined to a thin disc which exhibits offsets from b = 0 degrees similar to warping at radio frequencies. The principal distinction of the gamma-radiation is a stronger contrast in intensity between the region from 310 to 45 degrees in longitude and the regions away from the center that can be attributed to a variation in cosmic-ray density as a function of position in Galaxy. The diffuse galactic gamma-ray energy spectrum shows no significant variation in direction, and the spectrum seen along the plane is the same as that for the galactic component of the gamma-radiation at high altitudes. The uniformity of the galactic gamma-ray spectrum, the smooth decrease in intensity as a function of altitude, and the absence of any galactic gamma-ray sources at high altitudes indicate a diffuse origin for bulk of the galactic gamma-radiation rather than a collection of localized sources.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 230
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  • 79
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    The annihilation of galactic positrons (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The annihilation of galactic positrons is studied in order to evaluate the probabilities of various channels of annihilation and to calculate the spectrum of the resulting radiation. The narrow width (FWHM less than 3.2 keV) of the 0.511-MeV line observed from the galactic center by Leventhal, McCallum, and Stang (1978) implies that a large fraction of positrons should annihilate in a medium of temperature less than 100,000 K and ionization fraction greater than 0.05. H II regions at the galactic center could be possible sites of annihilation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
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  • 80
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    Charge equilibrium and radiation of low-energy cosmic rays passing through interstellar medium (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The charge equilibrium and radiation of an oxygen and an iron beam in the MeV per nucleon energy range, representing a typical beam of low-energy cosmic rays passing through the interstellar medium, are considered. Electron loss of the beam has been taken into account by means of the first Born approximation, allowing for the target atom to remain unexcited or to be excited to all possible states. Electron-capture cross sections have been calculated by means of the scaled Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation, taking into account all atomic shells of the target atoms and capture into all excited states of the projectile. The capture and loss cross sections are found to be within 20%-30% of the existing experimental values for most of the cases considered. Radiation of the beam due to electron capture into the excited states of the ion, collisional excitation, and collisional inner-shell ionization, taking into account the fluorescence yield of the ions, has been considered. Effective X-ray production cross sections and multiplicities for the most energetic X-ray lines emitted by the Fe and O beams have been calculated, and error estimates made for the results.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 229
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  • 81
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    Helios 2-Vela-Ariel 5 gamma-ray burst source position (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The gamma-ray burst of January 28, 1976, one of 18 events thus far detected in interplanetary space with Helios 2, was also observed with the Vela 5A and 6A and the Ariel 5 satellites. A small source field is obtained from the intersection of the region derived from the observed time delays between Helios 2 and Vela 5A and 6A, with the source region independently found with the Ariel 5 X-ray detector. This area contains neither any steady X-ray source as scanned by HEAO 1 nor any previously cataloged X-ray, radio, or infrared sources, X-ray transients, quasars, Seyferts, globular clusters, flare stars, pulsars, white dwarfs, or high enery gamma-ray sources. The region is, however, within the source field of a gamma-ray transient observed in 1974 by Jacobson et al. (1978) which exhibited nuclear gamma-ray line structure.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 229
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  • 82
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    The dynamical halo and the variation of cosmic-ray path length with energy (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: It is shown that the dynamical halo model offers a natural explanation for the form of the variation of the cosmic-ray path length with energy. The variation above about 1 GeV per nucleon can be understood as due to the variation of the diffusion coefficient, and hence the resident time, with energy. The flattening of the curve below 1 GeV per nucleon is seen to mark a transition to a convection-dominated regime where the diffusion coefficient is no longer the determining parameter. A fit to the observations yields a halo outflow velocity of 8 km/s. An attempt is made to determine the overall scale of the halo and the diffusion coefficient using recent Be-10 flux measurements, but the data do not agree well enough to pin down these variables to within less than four or five orders of magnitude.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 229
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  • 83
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    Correlated ground based observations in support of the HEAO-1 X-ray observatory (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Using X-ray and optical photometry of UBVRI fluxes, energetic compact extragalactic sources were studied, such as BL Lacerta (Lac) and BL Lac objects-Markarian (Mrk) 421, Mrk 501, and B2 1308+32. BL Lac and BL Lac objects were found to have predominantly nonthermal spectrums. Photometric and spectroscopic properties of X Persei, an unusual Be star associated with an intrinsically weak X-ray source, were also studied. Both its X-ray and optical emission show complex variability on many different time scales.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 214-222
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  • 84
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    Optical identification and spectroscopy of X-ray sources precisely positioned with A-3 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Using a scanning modulation collimator, the optical identification of X-ray sources by means of precise positioning was carried out. Two galactic identifications (4U2129+47 and 2A0311-227) and two extragalactic identifications (NGC 526a and Parkes H2155-304) are described.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 251-260
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  • 85
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    Diffuse X-ray emission from Abell clusters (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Abell clusters of galaxies, specifically Abell 401 and Abell 399 regions, are discussed. Two sets of satellite observations were made. One was a lunar occultation pointed observation where there were two orbits in which to look at the regions while the moon scanned over it. The other was a scanning observation through the area. Two diffuse models of the X-ray emission were developed. Also, during the investigation three binary cluster systems were found where at least one member was an X-ray source. They were Abell 508, 509, 2177, 2178, 2204, and 2210.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 209-213
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  • 86
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    X-ray emission from the region of gamma 195+5 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: X-ray observations of nineteen unidentified discrete celestial gamma ray sources are discussed. Results show some indication of X-rays from the gamma ray source region. On the assumption that the results are valid, it is concluded that the source error box is smaller than what it was.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 201-208
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  • 87
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    Einstein observations of extended galactic X-ray sources (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Features of the X-ray pictures taken aboard the space observatory are presented. Imaging proportional counter pictures in three broad X-ray energy ranges were obtained. The X-ray spectrum of supernova remnants is described.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 368-389
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  • 88
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    X-ray iron-line emission from the SN 185 remnant (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Radio and optical research was carried out in order to show that the supernova remnant RCW86 is a remnant of the earliest supernova event ever recorded in history (185 AD). The results are as follows: (1) an iron-line emission was found at 6.7 keV; (2) the temperature measured from HEAO-1 was approximately 6 keV; and (3) the equivalent width was consistent within the uncertainties with a cosmic iron abundance. These results support the identification of the supernova remnant RCW86 (it's X-ray source) with the historic supernova event.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 244-250
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  • 89
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    Shuttle-tethered satellite system definition study. Volume 1: Executive study (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Tethered Satellite System has great prospects for extending orbital operations capability of the Space Transportation System to science, applications, and technology projects not otherwise attainable. The system will installed in the Shuttle Orbiter and will have the capability to deploy a captive satellite up to 100 km away from the Orbiter. Control and retrieval of the satellite are accomplished by means of a tether line connecting the satellite and the cargo bay mounted equipment in the Orbiter. At low satellite altitudes, the system will permit investigations of a duration that could not be pursued with sounding rockets of free-flying spacecraft. The propose of the Shuttle/Tethered Satellite System Definition Study was to produce the preliminary design, preliminary specifications, gross program plans, and program cost estimate for a 1982 operational verification flight. This was accomplished during a fifteen month effort under by the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The MSFC Phase 1 and related studies demonstrated the feasibility of the system and served as a starting point for the Phase 2 definition study.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-171474 , NAS 1.26:171474 , DRMA-05-VOL-1 , DPD-544-VOL-1
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  • 90
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    NOSS flight segment concept study (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An 11 ft wide by 26.5 ft long flat structure weighing almost 14,469 pounds evolved during a low level, inhouse conceptual design study for a national oceanic satellite system spacecraft that would stow directly in the space shuttle. Following STS launch to a 300 Km mission orbit inclination, transfer will be effected to a 800 Km Sun synchronous circular orbit. The instrument completement includes 2 altimeters, 1 scatterometer, 1 large antenna multichannel microwave radiometer, and a coastal zone scanner. The spacecraft, its instruments, and interfaces with STS and TDRSS are described. The mission timeline, potential problem areas, system drivers, and recommended study areas are discussed. Drawings and system block diagrams are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-82307
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  • 91
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    Effects of particle drift on the transport of cosmic rays. III - Numerical models of galactic cosmic-ray modulation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
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  • 92
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    Southern Hemisphere measurements of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A recent airborne measurement of the large-angular-scale anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation from the Southern Hemisphere (Lima, Peru) is in essential agreement with previous measurements from the northern hemisphere. The net anisotropy from the combined data can be described by a first-order spherical harmonic (Doppler) anisotropy of amplitude 3.1 plus or minus 0.4 mK with a quadrupole component of less than 1 mK. Additional ground-based measurements of the linear polarization yield an upper limit of l mK, or one part in 3000, at 95% confidence level for the amplitudes of any spherical harmonic through third order.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
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  • 93
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    Detection of 6.13 MeV gamma-rays within and at the top of the atmosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A measurement of the 6.13 MeV gamma-radiation from excited O-16 in the atmosphere has been made with a high-resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer flown from Palestine, Texas, 1974 June 10, on a high-altitude balloon. This measurement, made both within and near the top of the atmosphere, is found to have the same general profile as predicted by a semiempirical model, but gives a flux about a factor of 2 higher than predicted. Certain variations in the intensity at float altitude have led to the hypothesis of an extraterrestrial source of 6.13 MeV gamma-radiation from the galactic anticenter. The 3 sigma upper limits for a number of other astrophysically significant line fluxes are also given. The data presented here are consistent with either a source or a no-source hypothesis.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
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  • 94
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    Gradient and curvature drifts in magnetic fields with arbitrary spatial variation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is shown that, for a magnetic field of arbitrary spatial variation, a nearly isotropic distribution of charged particles drifts with a velocity given by the usual first-order orbit theory drifts averaged over pitch angle. It is assumed that the near-isotropy brought about by scattering, but conclusions concerning drift are insensitive to the details of the scattering process. It is found that this drift velocity is correct even for arbitrarily large ratios of particle gyroradius to magnetic spatial scale, although this velocity must, like all drift effects, be viewed on a scale larger than a gyroradius. Hence for many astrophysical applications, such as cosmic rays, where anisotropies are small, the usual drift velocities provide a valid approximation to convective motions even if the magnetic field scales are very small.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
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  • 95
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    Far-ultraviolet studies. V - Rocket observation of the diffuse cosmic background (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A far-ultraviolet spectrometer and several far-ultraviolet photometers have been carried to an altitude of 347 km to measure the spectrum of three regions at high galactic latitudes. After correction for O I airglow and for stars in the field of view, a nearly uniform residual intensity of 285 plus or minus 32 photons per (sq cm s sr A) is found over the spectral range 1230-1680 A, along with some evidence for a sharp rise in intensity longward of 1680 A. It is argued that the signal is not likely to be due to light scattering from interstellar dust. The flat spectrum could represent the integrated light of distance galaxies. The sharp rise must be due to some other phenomenon.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 234
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  • 96
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    Joule heating in the high-latitude mesosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The contribution made by Joule dissipation to heating of the daytime high-latitude upper mesosphere is discussed. During solar proton precipitation events in regions of large electric fields, Joule dissipation can be substantially larger than the local solar heating rate. Altitude profiles of Joule dissipation are presented for the polar cleft region for the August 4, 1972, solar proton event.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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  • 97
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    A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons. II - Experimental support (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Strong observational support from data obtained on three different satellites and reported by three independent experimental groups is presented for all of the theoretically predicted correlations of a previous paper concerning local and global processes that affect solar-wind electrons. Specifically, it is shown that: (1) subthermal electrons behave most nearly as a classical gas; (2) the solar-wind extrathermal fraction of the electron density is anticorrelated within steady-state stream patterns with the local bulk speed; (3) the extrathermal electrons form a spectrally distinguishable subpopulation whose differential 'temperature' is anticorrelated with the local bulk speed; (4) the heat flux carried by electrons is anticorrelated with the bulk speed; and (5) the extrathermal 'temperature' is nearly independent of radius in the inner heliosphere. It is concluded that the previously discussed global and local Coulomb collisional effects are essential aspects of the solar-wind plasma as it is observed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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  • 98
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    An energetic particle perspective of the magnetopause (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present analysis deals with energetic (above 24 keV) particle data from the Isee satellites during a series of magnetopause crossings. The primary energetic particle data employed in the analysis are the three-dimensional distributions from the Isee A satellite. Correlative magnetic field measurements are used to relate the particle behavior to magnetic field characteristics at and earthward of the magnetopause. It is shown that, to first order, the magnetopause may be regarded as a perfectly absorbing boundary for the trapped energetic particles, that it is nearly always in motion, and that boundary waves are often present. The observed dayside magnetopause motion is consistent with a large-scale radial motion having an approximately 10-min period plus superimposed boundary waves with a 90- to 150-sec period.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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  • 99
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    The spectrum of the diffuse cosmic ultraviolet background (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A far-ultraviolet spectrometer and several far-ultraviolet photometers were carried to an altitude of 347 km and used to measure the spectrum of three regions at high galactic latitudes. After correction for O I airglow and for stars in the field of view, a nearly uniform residual intensity of 285 + or - 32 photons (per sq cm s sr A) over the spectral range 1230-1680 A is found, along with some evidence for a sharp rise in intensity longward of 1680 A. It is believed that the signal is not likely to be due to light scattering from interstellar dust. The flat spectrum is perhaps the integrated light of distant galaxies. The sharp rise must be due to some other phenomenon.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 233
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  • 100
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    Data reduction and analysis for the TRW IMP-7 plasma wave experiment (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Highlights from the IMP 7 plasma wave experiment are briefly outlined. The measurements in the tail revealed great complexities involving substorms and fireballs and provided insight into the overall dynamics of the magnetosphere. The low levels of magnetic turbulence may be of significance with respect to the development of tearing mode dissipation for reconnection events. The IMP wave observations in the distant magnetosphere boundary region showed that the boundaries were quite diffuse and frequently purely defined. Finally, nearly simultaneous IMP 7 and 8 comparisons were used to achieve an understanding of shock structure and propagation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-160011 , REPT-22751-6011-RU-00
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