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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11 (1973), S. 1-28 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 330 (1987), S. 109-110 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FLUCTUATIONS in the flux of galactic cosmic rays were first attributed to solar effects 40 years ago. The strongest variation occurs in anti-phase to the 11-year sunspot cycle. Observations reported at a recent conference* now show that the latitudinal gradient of cosmic rays is correlated with the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 19-20 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The observed flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies constitute one of the most important facts suggesting the existence of large amounts of so-called dark matter in the Universe. However, if the galactic gas could be held in equilibrium by forces other than gravity alone, then an impor-tant ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 423-424 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several processes contribute to the charging of grains in space. The ejection of photoelectrons and the accretion of ions tends to charge the grains positively, while the accretion of electrons produces a negative charge. Since the cross section for the accretion of charged particles depends on the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 330 (1987), S. 458-460 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Steep and relatively brief increases in the concentration of 10Be are noted in ice cores from both the Vostok and the Dome C Antarctic drilling sites. Two major variations (increases) are found at -33 and 60 kyr1 BP (before present), using the time/ice-thickness model of Lorius et al.6. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 53 (1978), S. 507-513 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The distribution function of cosmic rays streaming perpendicular to the mean magnetic field in a turbulent medium is re-examined. Urch's (1977) discovery that, in quasilinear theory, the flux is due to particles at 90° pitch angle is discussed and shown to be consistent with previous formulations of the theory. We point out that this flux of particles at 90° cannot be arbitrarily set equal to zero, and hence we dismiss the alternative theory which proceeds from this premise. A further, basic inconsistency in Urch's new transport equation is demonstrated, and the connection between quasilinear theory and compound diffusion is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 137-148 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: cosmic rays ; solar wind ; acceleration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The well-established association of pickup ions with anomalous cosmic rays shows that acceleration of pickup ions to energies above 1 GeV occurs. At present, diffusive shock acceleration of the pickup ions at the termination shock of the solar wind seems to be the best candidate for acceleration to the high energies of anomalous cosmic rays, accounting well for many of their observed properties. However, it is shown that acceleration of pickup ions from their initial energies by this process appears to be difficult at very strong, nearly perpendicular shocks such as the termination shock. This “injection” problem remains without a clear solution. A number of alternatives have been proposed for the initial acceleration of pickup ions to the point where diffusive acceleration at the termination shock can take over, but none of these processes has yet emerged as a clear favorite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmic-Rays ; Heliosphere ; Modulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the results from a study of the variations of the cosmic-ray intensity with time, heliographic latitude, and longitude, and for varying interplanetary conditions, using our three-dimensional, time-dependent computer code for cosmic-ray transport in the heliosphere. Our code also produces a solar-wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration which is compared with observations. Because of the fully threedimensional nature of the model calculations, we are able to model time variations which would be expected to be observed along Ulysses's trajectory as it moves to high latitudes. In particular we can model the approximately 13-and 26-day solar-rotation induced variations in cosmic rays, solar wind and IMF, as a function of increasing heliographic latitude, as one moves poleward of the interplanetary current sheet. Our preliminary model results seem to be in general form quite similar to published data, but depend on the physical parameters used such as cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients, boundary conditions, and the nature of the solar wind and IMF and current sheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 441-446 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: shock acceleration ; interstellar pickup ions ; interplanetary shocks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 83 (1998), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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