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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2π-radian field-of-view toroidal electrostatic analyzer (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 743-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a new type of electrostatic charged particle analyzer based on toroidal geometry. The analyzer features a 360°×10° (polar×azimuthal) field of view and a focal length in the polar direction significantly longer than that of similar devices based on spherical geometry. Extended focal length is a requirement for matching the electrostatic energy spectrometer with a second, mass-resolving, analyzer. Laboratory tests show that the toroid design has a large geometric factor per unit of instrument weight, good energy-angle resolution in the particle deflection plane, and sharp (1.0° FWHM) resolution at focus in the polar angle direction. The analyzer is well suited for use in satellite-borne mass spectrometry and also as a stand-alone electrostatic analyzer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139821
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Channel electron multiplier compatibility with Viton and Apiezon-L vacuum grease (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2331-2332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Clean Viton and Viton coated with Apiezon-L vacuum grease were tested for their noncontaminating compatibility with channel electron multipliers (CEMs). The test setup and procedure were the same as those used previously in conjunction with CEM compatibility tests of certain epoxies, solder, and fluorocarbon polymer materials useful for construction of spaceflight sensors. While some CEM gain degradation was noted during exposure to Viton and Apiezon-L, the present tests indicate that, at least over instrument lifetimes of ∼2×1012 counts, these materials should be suitable for (1) preflight space sensor testing systems, (2) hermetic seals for CEM-based space sensors, and (3) terrestrial CEM-based instrumentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139346
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics of space plasmas (invited) (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1711-1716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Diverse plasmas have been observed in the magnetospheres of Earth and other planets, and in interplanetary space. Recently, measurements were made by a space probe at Comet Giacobini–Zinner. In these various plasma regimes investigated during the space era, plasma characteristics vary widely: particle densities range from 〈0.01 to 1000 per cc, energies from 〈1 eV to many MeV, temperatures from 〈1 eV to 〉1000 eV, and bulk flow speeds from near stationary to 〉1000 km/s. A variety of plasma-wave activity and instabilities characterize these plasmas. The measurements are made with several different generic types of instruments including electrostatic analyzers and systems which combine electrostatic analysis with time-of-flight or magnetic analysis in order to identify ions and their charge states. This paper outlines the plasma regimes found in space, discusses instrument design principles and constraints imposed by limited spacecraft resources, describes a few instruments, and highlights a small selection of scientific results derived from diagnostics of space plasmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138558
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetospheric plasma analyzer for spacecraft with constrained resources (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1026-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A light-weight, low-power, plasma analyzer is described that can be used for measuring the plasma environments of spacecraft with constrained resources. A unique system using a single electrostatic analyzer coupled to a single array of channel electron multipliers allows measurement of the three-dimensional energy per charge distributions of both ions and electrons over E/q ranges from ∼1 eV/q to (approximately-greater-than)40 keV/q. Particles selected by the analyzer are post-accelerated into the multipliers to maintain sensitivity for the lowest energy particles. An instrument using this concept called the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) is described. Presently, three MPAs are in geosynchronous orbits (GEO) aboard spacecraft with International Designators of 1989-046, 1990-095, and 1991-080. The MPA and its response characteristics are described, and examples of on-orbit data showing some of the MPA capabilities are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar wind heavy ion abundances (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 43 (1975), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During periods in 1969–1971 when interplanetary flow conditions were quiet, 17 determinations of the solar wind Fe and Si abundances and 7 of the O abundance were made. On the average 〈N(Fe)/N(H)〉 = 5.3 × 10-5, 〈N(Si)/N(H)〉 = 7.6 × 10-5 and 〈N(O)/N(H)〉 = 5.2 × 10-4. Variations from the averages over a total range of factors of ∼4 for O, ∼4 for Si, and ∼ 10 for Fe have have observed. Although Fe and Si abundance variations appear to be correlated, no other element correlation pairs are unambiguously discernible from the present data set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of Jovian dust streams and interstellar grains by the Ulysses spacecraft (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Ulysses trajectory and geometry of dust detectioná-oblique view from above the ecliptic plane also showing the Sun and the orbits of Earth and Jupiter (in the foreground). Arrows indicate the flow of interstellar dust. The trajectory of Ulysses1 after Jupiter closest approach (CA) is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362428a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma acceleration at the Earth's magnetopause: evidence for reconnection (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 282 (1979), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A characteristic of magnetic field reconnection is the acceleration of plasma as it flows across a rotational discontinuity. At the Earth's magnetopause this effect has only been observed recently during a few magnetopause crossings by the ISEE satellites. For one example analysed in detail ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/282243a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulysses solar wind observations to 56° south (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the 25 months since Jupiter flyby, the Ulysses spacecraft has climbed southward to a heliolatitude of 56°. This transit has been marked by an evolution from slow, dense coronal streamer belt solar wind through two regions where the rotation of the Sun carried Ulysses back and forth between streamer belt and polar coronal hole flows, and finally into a region of essentially continuous fast, low density solar wind from the southern polar coronal hole. Throughout these large changes, the momentum flux normalized to 1 AU displays very little systematic variation. In addition, the bulk properties of the polar coronal hole solar wind are quite similar to those observed in high speed streams in the ecliptic plane at 1 AU. Coronal mass ejections and forward and reverse shocks associated with corotating interaction regions have also been observed at higher heliolatitudes, however they are seen less frequently with increasing southern heliolatitude. Ulysses has thus far collected data from 20° of nearly contiguous solar wind flows from the polar coronal hole. We examine these data for characteristic variations with heliolatitude and find that the bulk properties in general show very little systematic variation across the southern polar coronal hole so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768760
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The three-dimensional extent of a high speed solar wind stream (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A primary goal of the Ulysses mission is to study the 3-dimensional structures making up the interplanetary medium, and example of which is the high speed solar wind stream observedin situ by Ulysses beginning in July 1992. In order to study the longitudinal extent of this stream as a function of Ulysses' increasing heliographic latitude, a second point of reference is required to separate spatial and temporal variations. Such a reference point is provided at Jupiter by a class of Jovian radio bursts, whose occurrence rate varies in a predictable way with solar wind speed. Using thein situ and remote observations from Ulysses, the extent of the high speed stream at ∼5 AU is mapped and compared to the associated coronal hole boundary on the Sun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768767
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulysses observations of latitude gradients in the heliospheric magnetic field: Radial component and variances (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The radial component of the magnetic field at Ulysses, over latitudes from −10° to −45° and distances from 5.3 to 3.8 AU, compares very well with corresponding measurements being made by IMP-8 in the ecliptic at 1AU. There is little, if any, evidence of a latitude gradient. Variances in the field, normalized to the square of the field magnitude, show little change with latitude in variations in the magnitude but a large increase in the transverse field variations. The latter are shown to be caused by the presence of large amplitude, long period Alfvénic fluctuations. This identification is based on the close relation between the magnetic field and velocity perturbations including the effect of anisotropy in the solar wind pressure. The waves are propagating outward from the Sun, as in the ecliptic, but variance analysis indicates that the direction of propagation is radial rather than field-aligned. A significant long-period component of ≥10 hours is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768773
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