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  • 1
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    Some unique meteorites found in Antarctica and their relation to asteroids (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Two unique meteorites were identified by means of a mineralogical examination of the smaller-sized Yamato achondrites. Yamato-74130 is the most iron-rich ureilite with Na, Cr-rich augite instead of pigeonite. Yamato-74160 was extensively recrystallized, but the composition and proportion of olivine, orthopyroxene, augite, and plagioclase is consistent with LL7 chondrites. ALHA77005 is a unique achondrite with olivine, possibly three pyroxene assemblages, and maskelynite. These meteorites provide evidence that there may be other 'thermalized' asteroids than the howardite parent body. Detailed petrologic descriptions of the unique achondrites, recrystallized diogenite Yamato-74013, and the rapidly cooled eucrite Yamato-74450 with pyroxene phenocrysts are given. It is inferred from the bulk chemistry and the mineralogical reexamination of Yamato-75028 that it is composed of the H5-type clasts and chondrule-rich H(L)3-like matrix with the H5 fragments. A close relationship in the collisional evolution of some asteroids with these materials is inferred.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: National Institute of Polar Research, Memoirs (ISSN 0386-0744); 15, 1; 54-76
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  • 2
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    Meteoroid protection for the Comet Halley probe (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-26
    Beschreibung: The high closing speed of 57km/s between the spacecraft and Halley poses special problems in the design of the required meteoroid protection. A double wall structure with a total thickness equal to 0.1 to 1 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered is sufficient to stop that meteoroid. However, the unusually high number of meteoroid impacts on the Halley probe will cause significant erosion of the outer wall so that failure of the second wall is more likely to occur from a small meteoroid passing through a previously created hole in the outer wall and then penetrating the second wall. Calculations of the shielding required based on this failure mode, show that a double wall structure must actually have a total thickness 1.2 to 7.3 times the diameter of the largest meteoroid encountered, depending on the size distribution of the meteoroids.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 73-76
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  • 3
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    Space vehicle meteoroid shielding design (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Design principles of spaced, multiwall meteoroid protection are investigated in the light of experimental data generated during the Apollo Program. The outer wall or shield is shown to be the most important element in the meteoroid-spacecraft interaction. The condition of the debris is primarily a function of the shock pressure, the melting points of the meteoroid and the shield, and the length of the meteoroid and thickness of the shield. Spacing between the walls is effective up to approximately 100 times the length of the meteoroid. The required thickness of the second wall is shown to be proportional to the meteoroid mass, velocity, and density, and to the spacing between the walls, taken with exponents dependent upon the condition of the debris. The effects of placing additional elements (insulation or honeycomb cells) between the two walls are discussed, and the efficiency of various protective configurations is presented. An analysis of the meteoroid protection proposed for the Comet Halley probe is included as an appendix.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: ESA Comet Halley Micrometeoroid Hazard Workshop; p 85-92
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Mining and beneficiation of lunar ores (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The beneficiation of lunar plagioclase and ilmenite ores to feedstock grade permits a rapid growth of the space manufacturing economy by maximizing the production rate of metals and oxygen. A beneficiation scheme based on electrostatic and magnetic separation is preferred over conventional schemes, but such a scheme cannot be completely modeled because beneficiation processes are empirical and because some properties of lunar minerals have not been measured. To meet anticipated shipping and processing needs, the peak lunar mining rate will exceed 1000 tons/hr by the fifth year of operation. Such capabilities will be best obtained by automated mining vehicles and conveyor systems rather than trucks. It may be possible to extract about 40 kg of volatiles (60 percent H2O) by thermally processing the less than 20 micron ilmenite concentrate extracted from 130 tons of ilmenite ore. A thermodynamic analysis of an extraction process is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 275-288
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    A geologic assessment of potential lunar ores (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Although bulk lunar soil is not a suitable feedstock for extracting metals, certain minerals such as anorthite and ilmenite can be separated and concentrated. These minerals can be considered as potential ores of aluminum, silicon, titanium, andiron. A separation and metal extraction plant could also extract large amounts of oxygen and perhaps hydrogen from these minerals. Anorthie containing 19 percent aluminum and 20 percent silicon can be concentrated from some highland soils where it is present in amounts up to 60 percent. Ilmenite containing 32 percent titanium and 37 percent iron can be concentrated from some mare soils where it is present in amounts up to 10 percent. The ideal mining site would be located at the boundary between a high-titanium mare and a high-aluminum highlands. Such area may exist around the rims of some eastern maria, particularly Tranquilitatis. A location on Earth with raw materials as described above would be considered an economically valuable ore deposit if conventional terrestrial resources were not available.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 243-255
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Saturn - Origin and composition of its inner moons and rings (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Theoretical modelling of the contraction of the primitive protosaturnian cloud, using ideas of supersonic turbulent convection, suggests that each of Saturn's inner moons, excepting Rhea, condensed above the ice-point of water and consists primarily of hydrous magnesium silicates. It is predicted that Voyager 1 may find that the satellite mean densities steadily increase towards the planet and that the rocky moons are irregular in shape.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Physics Letters; 80A; Nov. 24
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Gravity anomalies on Venus (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Doppler radio tracking of the Pioneer Venus orbiter has provided gravity measures over a significant portion of Venus. Feature resolution is approximately 300-1000 km within an area extending from 10 deg S to 40 deg N latitude and from 70 deg W to 130 deg E longitude (approximately equal to 200 deg). Many anomalies were detected, and there is considerable correlation with radar altimetry topography (Pettengill et al., 1980). The amplitudes of the anomalies are relatively mild and similar to those on earth at this resolution. Calculations for isostatic adjustment reveal that significant compensation has occurred.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 198
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Distribution and source of the UV absorption in Venus' atmosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The model predictions were compared with the Pioneer Venus probes and orbiter to determine the composition of the UV absorbing materials. The simulations were carried out with radiative transfer codes which included spacecraft constraints on the aerosol and gas characteristics in the Venus atmosphere; gaseous SO2 (a source of opacity at the wavelengths below 0.32 microns), and a second absorber (which dominates above 0.32 microns) were required. The UV contrast variations are due to the optical depth changes in the upper haze layer producing brightness variations between equatorial and polar areas, and to differences in the depth over which the second UV absorber is depleted in the highest portion of the main clouds.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Measurements of thermal structure and thermal contrasts in the atmosphere of Venus and related dynamical observations - Results from the four Pioneer Venus probes (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The thermal structure of the Venus atmosphere and differences in structure with latitude (up to 60 deg) and clock hour (from midnight to 8 AM) have been measured in situ from a height of 126 km to the surface by instruments on the four Pioneer Venus entry probes. It is found that thermal contrasts below 45 km are a few K, with the midlatitudes warmer than both equatorial and high latitudes. Considerable temperature and pressure differences with latitude develop in the clouds (25 K and 20 mbar level). In addition, upward of 110 km, there is evidence of large-amplitude temperature oscillations with altitude, believed to signify the presence of large-amplitude waves, perhaps thermal tides. Agreement of structure data from other Pioneer Venus experiments is generally excellent.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Dust in Jupiter's magnetosphere. I - Physical processes. II - Origin of the ring. III - Time variations. IV - Effect on magnetospheric electrons and ions (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The physical processes acting on charged microscopic dust grains in the Jovian atmosphere involve electromagnetic forces which dominate dust particle dynamics and diffusion across field lines resulting from random charge fluctuations of the dust grains. A model of the Jovian ring hypothesizes that the 'visible' ring particles are produced by erosive collisions between an assumed population of kilometer-sized parent bodies and submicron-sized magnetospheric dust particles. Fluctuations in the ring topology and intensity are determined over various time scales, showing that the ring is a quasipermanent and quasistable characteristic of the Jovian system. Finally, the interaction of the Jovian energetic belt electrons and the Jovian plasma with an ambient dust population is examined; the distribution of dust ejected from Io in the inner magnetosphere and losses of magnetospheric ions and electrons due to direct collisions with charged dust particles are calculated.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 28; Dec. 198
    Format: text
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