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  • Adult  (37)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (28)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (63)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1975-1979  (63)
  • 1978  (63)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (63)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (63)
Year
  • 1
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    Reversible cerebral atrophy in recently abstinent chronic alcoholics measured by computed tomography scans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-02
    Description: Eight chronic alcoholics received repeated computed tomography scans. Four, who maintained abstinence and functionally improved, showed partially reversible cerebral atrophy. Two nonabstinent patients and two abstinent patients who had completed functional improvement before the first scan showed no change in atrophy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Wortzman, G -- Holgate, R C -- Wilkinson, D A -- Rankin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 2;200(4345):1076-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholism/*pathology/radiography/therapy ; Atrophy ; Brain/*pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly: isolation, identification, and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the male fly at ultrashort range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were identified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that the natural and synthetic compounds are identical.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, D A -- Langley, P A -- Huyton, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):750-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*isolation & purification ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Tsetse Flies/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate: a central nervous system regulator of analgesia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The dibutyryl derivative of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), administered centrally, totally abolishes response to noxious stimuli without depressing the central nervous system. Analgesic properties of the nucleotide are not reversed by naloxone. Microinjected intracerebrally into different sites, dibutyryl cyclic GMP does not mimic the action of morphine. Pharmacological effects of dibutyryl cyclic GMP suggest that endogenous cyclic GMP modulates an inhibitory pain pathway distinct from that on which morphine acts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohn, M L -- Cohn, M -- Taylor, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):319-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives ; Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pain/*prevention & control ; Reticular Formation/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Delayed hypersensitivity in man: effects of systemic anticoagulation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Skin test reactivity, lymphocyte transformation, and mononuclear cell tissue factor generation were evaluated both before and during systemic anticoagulation in 24 volunteers. Anticoagulation with warfarin decreased skin test induration and tissue factor generation, but lymphocyte trnasformation remained unchanged. An intact coagulation mechanism, including tissue factor generation, appears to be important for the development of skin test induration in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, R L -- Rickles, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):541-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antigens ; Fibrin/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/*physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects ; Mitogens ; Skin Tests ; Thromboplastin/*biosynthesis ; Tuberculin ; Warfarin/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Dual actions of substance P on nociception: possible role of endogenous opioids (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Substance P produces analgesia when administered to mice in very small doses by the intraventricular route (1.25 to 5 nanograms per mouse). The analgesic effect can be blocked by naloxone. At higher doses (greater than 50 nanograms per mouse), this activity is lost. At these higher doses, however, substance P produced hyperalgesia when combined with naloxone and analgesia when combined with baclofen [beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid]. Substance P may have dual actions in brain, releasing endorphins at very low doses and directly exciting neuronal activity in nociceptive pathways at higher doses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frederickson, R C -- Burgis, V -- Harrell, C E -- Edwards, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1359-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Baclofen/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Nociceptors/*drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substance P/analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Diazepam inhibits myoblast fusion and expression of muscle specific protein synthesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: The presence of diazepam in culutres of chicken embryo myoblasts arrests normal muscle cell differentiation. High concentrations of the drug reversibly prevent myoblasts from fusing to form multinucleated myotubes. Lower concentrations of diazepam allow cell fusion to occur, but inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of myosin heavy chain, implying that cell fusion does not obligate myoblasts to synthesize and accumulate large quantities of muscle specific protein. The effect of diazepam on muscle cells in culture is direct and specific.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bandman, E -- Walker, C R -- Strohman, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/565534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Fusion/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Macromolecular Substances ; Muscles/cytology/*drug effects ; Myosins/*biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Pupillometric signs of brain activation vary with level of cognitive processing (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: The idea that hierarchically higher brain processes require greater amounts of central nervous system vigilance or activation for their execution was tested in two experiments measuring pupillary dilation during the decision interval of a hierarchically structured letter-matching task. Larger dilations indicative of increased activation were observed for letter pairs requiring higher levels of processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beatty, J -- Wagoner, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1216-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Decision Making/physiology ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Pupil/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Lymphocyte function of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Michigan dairy farm residents ate farm products containing polybrominated biphenyls (PBB's) after the accidential contamination of animal feed with the chemical in that state in 1973. The circulating blood lymphocytes of these residents show significant changes. Abnormalities include decreases in the numbers and percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes that form rosettes with either sheep erythrocytes alone or with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement, increases in lymphocytes with no detectable surface markers ("null" cells), and altered responses to tests designed to evaluate functional integrity of the cells. There appears to be no consistent correlation between the concentration of PBB's in the plasma and the altered lymphocytes. Studies showed that in Wisconsin dairy farm residents and healthy individuals in the New York area who were not exposed to PBB's there were no such abnormalities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bekesi, J G -- Holland, J F -- Anderson, H A -- Fischbein, A S -- Rom, W -- Wolff, M S -- Selikoff, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1207-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biphenyl Compounds/*pharmacology ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lectins ; Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Michigan ; Monocytes/physiology ; Polybrominated Biphenyls/blood/*pharmacology ; Rosette Formation ; Rural Health ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions that abolish gonadotropic hormone release by the pituitary gland, the constant infusion of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fails to restore sustained gonadotropin secretion. In marked contrast, intermittent administration of the synthetic decapeptide once per hour, the physiological frequency of gonadotropin release in the monkeys, reestablishes pituitary gonadotropin secretion. This phenomenon is attributable to the pattern of GnRH delivery rather than to the amounts of this hormone to which the cells of the pituitary are exposed. Moreover, the initiation of continuous GnRH administration in animals with lesions and in which gonadotropin secretion is reestablished by intermittent GnRH replacement can result in a "desensitization" or "down regulation" of the processes responsible for gonadotropin release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belchetz, P E -- Plant, T M -- Nakai, Y -- Keogh, E J -- Knobil, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Macaca mulatta ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Risk factor intervention for health maintenance (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Risk factors for disease consist of (i) personal habits, such as cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (ii) bodily characteristics, such as hypertension and high serum cholesterol. Progress in identifying and quantifying risk factors is opening the way to the prevention of disease and maintenance of health. Systematic, controlled trials of intervention against risk factors are beginning to produce evidence on the extent of success in reducing both the factors and the mortality from associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):908-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/*prevention & control ; Disease/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications ; Hypertension/complications ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Preventive Medicine ; *Probability ; *Risk ; Smoking/complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Cocaine plasma concentration: relation to physiological and subjective effects in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Volunteer subjects with previous histories of cocaine use were administered cocaine hydrochloride intravenously or intranasally. There was a positive relationship between peak plasma concentration, physiological and subjective responses, and dose administered. The rate of cocaine disappearance after intravenous administration paralleled the drop in physiological and subjective drug effects. After intranasal administration, blood levels remained elevated for a considerably longer period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Javaid, J I -- Fischman, M W -- Schuster, C R -- Dekirmenjian, H -- Davis, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):227-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intranasal ; Cocaine/administration & dosage/*blood/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Euphoria/*drug effects ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kinetics ; Metabolic Clearance Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Activity patterns of human skeletal muscles: relation to muscle fiber type composition (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: The muscle activity of normal ambulatory individuals was recorded continuously for 8-hour (working day) periods. Parameters of activity patterns were defined and numerical outcomes for these parameters were compared across a diverse population of muscles. Several pattern parameters, such as the average percentage of time active, were highly correlated with the percentage of type I fibers of a muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monster, A W -- Chan, H -- O'Connor, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):314-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Male ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    B lymphocyte antigens in sicca syndrome (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: All individuals tested in this study with sicca syndrome, a human autoimmune disease, bear two immunologically distinct and genetically unrelated B lymphocyte antigens that appear similar to the immune response associated (Ia) antigens of the mouse. The genes coding for these two antigens are present in only 37 and 24 percent of normal controls. In animal models Ia antigen genes are closely linked to immune response genes. Our findings suggest that two such genes may be required for the development of sicca syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moutsopoulos, H M -- Chused, T M -- Johnson, A H -- Khudsen, B -- Mann, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1441-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetic Linkage ; HLA Antigens/analysis/genetics ; Humans ; Isoantigens/*analysis/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Human lateralization from head to foot: sex-related factors (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: Sex differences in the pattern and maturation of lateral asymmetries of the human brain have been recently found by a number of investigators, suggesting that sex-related factors may differentially affect the two sides of the body. In this study, asymmetries in the size of the two feet were strongly related to sex and handedness, right-handed males having larger right feet and right-handed females having larger left feet, the reverse being seen in non-right-handed individuals. Since these differences were apparent even in children younger than 6 years, the fetal sex steroids may be critical in governing the maturation of both cerebral and pedal asymmetries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, J -- Levy, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1291-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology ; *Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Sampling of amniotic fluid, visualization of the fetus, fetal blood sampling, and screening of maternal blood represent successive approaches to the diagnosis of specific genetic disorders in the second trimester of pregnancy. Clinical and ethical concerns about the appropriateness, safety, and efficacy of the techniques have led to multidisciplinary assessments at an early stage. A major growth in demand for medical and educational genetic services can be anticipated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Omenn, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):952-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/77042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amniocentesis/adverse effects/methods ; Amniotic Fluid/analysis ; Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis ; Chromosome Disorders ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Blood/analysis ; Fetoscopy/methods ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Ultrasonography ; alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Memory impairment in epileptic patients: selective effects of phenobarbital concentration (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: Nineteen epileptic patients were tested first under medium (week 1) and then under high (week 2) therapeutic levels of phenobarbital. Relative to response times of 20 controls with equivalent practice but without medication, response times of patients in a short-term memory scanning task were strikingly slowed during week 2. However, increased phenobarbital did not slow responses in a task requiring access to information in long-term memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLeod, C M -- Dekabian, A S -- Hunt, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epilepsy/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/*drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Phenobarbital/adverse effects/*pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Specific-opiate-induced depression of transmitter release from dorsal root ganglion cells in culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: The opiate etorphine depresses monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) elicited in spinal cord cells by activation of dorsal root ganglion cells in murine neuronal cell culture. The depression is reversed by naloxone. Statistical analysis of the synaptic responses reveals that the opiate reduces EPSP quantal content at this synapse without altering quantal size. Therefore, the opiate action is presynaptic and affects transmitter release rather than postsynaptic responsiveness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macdonald, R L -- Nelson, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Etorphine/*pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal/*drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Morphinans/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Nerve Endings/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects
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    EPA smog standard attacked by industry, science advisers (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):949-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Industry ; Ozone/toxicity ; United States
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  • 19
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    Estrogens: hormones' link to cancer disputed (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1270-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens/*adverse effects ; Female ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Risk ; Uterine Diseases/etiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis/*etiology
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  • 20
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    Attenuation of amnesia in rats by systemically administered enkephalins (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin are both able to reduce experimentally induced amnesia in rats. In contrast to the possible analgesic activity of these peptides, the anti-amnesic effect is seen after systemic administration of dosages of 30 micrograms or lower. The nature of the anti-amnesic effect is different for the two peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rigter, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 21
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    Is pump stimulation associated with positive inotropy of the heart? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: A purified sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from cat heart was not stimulated by any concentration of ouabain that produced positive inotropy of cat papilliary muscle. Only inhibition of enzyme activity was observed. Concentrations of ouabain used ranged from 3.3 x 10(-10) molar to 5 x 10(-7) molar and produced an increased force of contraction without any evidence of toxicity. The results are inconsistent with a concept that stimulation of sodium pump activity is associated with positive inotropy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, L -- Pitts, B J -- Schwartz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/149369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Cats ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocardium/*enzymology ; Ouabain/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism
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  • 22
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    delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: antiaggressive effects in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active constituent of marihuana, decreased species-specific attack behavior in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys at doses (0.25 to 2.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) that have no effects on other elements of the behavioral repertoire. Aggressive behavior was engendered in all three species by confronting a resident animal with an intruder conspecific. The present results contrast with the widely held belief that marihuana increases aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Territoriality
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  • 23
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    Oral cocaine: plasma concentrations and central effects (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: Cocaine (2.0 milligrams per kilogram) given by the oral route is at least as effective as the same dose given intranasally. Cocaine is not detected in the plasma until 30 minutes after oral administration, but peak plasma concentrations are similar after both routes. The subjective "highs" in man are greater after oral than after intranasal administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dyke, C -- Jatlow, P -- Ungerer, J -- Barash, P G -- Byck, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology ; Euphoria/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    Effects of naloxone on schizophrenia: reduction in hallucinations in a subpopulation of subjects (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Endogenous opiate-like peptides (endorphins) are putative neuroregulators located throughout the mammalian brainstem. There is some evidence for their role in pain, stress, and affect. We report that the opiate antagonist, naloxone, alters some schizophrenic symptoms. In a double-blind, cross-over study, naloxone produced decreases in auditory hallucinations in some schizophrenic patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endorphins may play a roll in modulating hallucinations in a highly selected subgroup of chronically hallucinating schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Berger, P A -- Akil, H -- Mills, M J -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Endorphins/physiology ; Hallucinations/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 25
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    Opiate receptors for behavioral analgesia resemble those related to the depression of spinal nociceptive neurons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: With naloxone as antagonist, a dose-ratio analysis of the depression by morphine of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord reveals that this opiate depression of single unit activity has the same pharmacological properties as observed with morphine analgesia. This suggests that the opiate receptor, mediating the observed cellular depression, and those mediating analgesia are presumably the same.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yaksh, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cats ; Decerebrate State ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Nerve Fibers/physiology ; Nociceptors/*drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/physiology
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  • 26
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    The problem of defensive medicine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Defensive medicine--the use of diagnostic and end-treatment measures explicitly for the purposes of averting malpractice suits--is frequently cited as one of the least desirable effects of the current rise in medical litigation. Many physicians and policy-makers claim that defensive medicine is responsible not only for the increasing costs of health care but the exposing of patients to significant risks of harm from unnecessary procedures. Very little solid information is available about defensive medicine. The studies that have been conducted have been fraught with statistical difficulties and are by no means definitive. Even more important than the issue of defensive medicine is the more basic problem of our system of compensation for medical injuries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tancredi, L R -- Barondess, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cesarean Section/utilization ; Child ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/radiography ; *Defensive Medicine/economics ; Female ; Fetal Monitoring/utilization ; Humans ; *Malpractice/economics ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Health Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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  • 27
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    Brain edema: induction in cortical slices by polyunsaturated fatty acids (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: The presence of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in leukocytic membranes prompted study of their possible role in the induction of brain edema. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including sodium arachidonate, sodium linoleate, sodium linolenate, and docasahexaenoic acids induced edma in slices of rat brain cortex. This cellular edema was specific, since neither saturated fatty acids nor a fatty acid containing a single double bond had such effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, P H -- Fishman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; Brain Edema/*chemically induced ; Cerebral Cortex ; Detergents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Granulocytes/physiology ; Hydroxy Acids ; In Vitro Techniques ; Prostaglandins ; Rats ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/chemically induced
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  • 28
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    Physostigmine: improvement of long-term memory processes in normal humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Nineteen normal male subjects received 1.0 milligram of physostigmine or 1.0 milligram of saline by a slow intravenous infusion on two nonconsecutive days. Physostigmine significantly enhanced storage of information into long-term memory. Retrieval of information from long-term memory was also improved. Short-term memory processes were not significantly altered by physostigmine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Mohs, R C -- Tinklenberg, J R -- Pfefferbaum, A -- Hollister, L E -- Kopell, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):272-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects/physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Physostigmine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 29
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    Pitch memory: an advantage for the left-handed (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: In an auditory or musical task, subjects made pitch recognition judgments when the tones to be compared were separated by a sequence of interpolated tones. The left-handed subjects performed significantly better than the right-handed and also had a significantly higher variance. Further analysis showed that the superior performance was attributable largely to the left-handed subjects with mixed hand preference.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deutsch, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):559-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/physiology ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Pitch Discrimination/*physiology
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  • 30
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    Ethanol: modifications of acute intoxication by divalent cations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Calcium, other divalent cations, and calcium antagonists were tested for their ability to alter ethanol-induced sleeping time, hypothermia, and behavioral intoxication in mice and rats. Calcium given intraventricularly significantly enhanced sleeping time and behavioral intoxication in a dose-related manner. The ionophores X537A and A23187 accentuated the effect of a low dose of calcium, whereas the calcium chelators EDTA and EGTA decreased sleeping time. Calcium also enhanced tertiary butanol- and chloral hydrate-induced sleeping time. The effects of cations on ethanol-induced hypothermia were less significant. The results suggest the existence of a central calcium pool that is involved in ethanol intoxication in rodents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, C K -- Tyler, T D -- Harris, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/343251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholic Intoxication/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Cations, Divalent ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Humans ; Lasalocid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Movement/drug effects ; Rats
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  • 31
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    Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: a new disease of muscle (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Five cases of a new disease presented with muscular weakness or cramping after exercise; three of the cases also had an elevated serum creatine phosphokinase. Muscle biopsies were histologically normal but lacked adenylate deaminase by stain and solution assay, while the erythrocyte isozyme was normal. A clinical diagnostic test has been developed, and the human enzyme was separated by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishbein, W N -- Armbrustmacher, V W -- Griffin, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP Deaminase/blood/*deficiency ; Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/blood ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Creatine Kinase/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles/enzymology ; Muscular Diseases/*enzymology ; Nucleotide Deaminases/*deficiency
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  • 32
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    Different brain areas mediate the analgesic and epileptic properties of enkephalin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Single injections of 120 micrograms of methionine-enkephalin were made into various midbrain and forebrain structures in the rat. Analgesia was observed after injections into or near the ventral, caudal midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. Seizures and other pathological electroencephalogram (EEG) changes were seen with injections into or near the forebrain dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. No animals with midbrain injection sites showed EEG changes, and none with forebrain injection sites were analgesic. These data, taken together with other lines of evidence, suggest that enkephalin-induced analgesia and enkephalin-induced seizures are mediated by opiate receptors that are located in different brain areas and that are pharmacologically different.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenk, H -- McCarty, B C -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Endorphins/pharmacology ; *Enkephalins/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Seizures/*chemically induced ; Thalamic Nuclei/*drug effects
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  • 33
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    Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin: concentration in individual human hypothalamic nuclei (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Individual hypothalamic nuclei were microdissected from brain tissue of ten human subjects who had died suddenly while in apparent good health. Appreciable amounts of vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity were found by specific radioimmunoassay in six hypothalamic nuclei including supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Vasopressin and oxytocin are presumed to be synthesized in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei for axonal transport to the posterior pituitary for storage and release. Vasopressin and oxytocin in other hypothalamic nuclei may be a part of this system of neurosecretion or may serve some other function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):342-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/556308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/*analysis ; Male ; Median Eminence/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Oxytocin/*analysis ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Supraoptic Nucleus/analysis ; Vasopressins/*analysis
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  • 34
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    Age affect and replicative life-span of fibroblasts of diabetic, prediabetic, and normal donors: another look at the data (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gleason, R E -- Goldstein, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1217-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/*physiopathology
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  • 35
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    Chronologic and physiologic age affect replicative life-span of fibroblasts from diabetic, prediabetic, and normal donors (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from subjects with clinically apparent diabetes mellitus and from subjects genetically predisposed to diabetes have a replicative lifespan that is inversely related to donor age. Fibroblasts from carefully defined normal subjects not predisposed to diabetes fail to show this correlation. The data support the idea that physiologic status of the tissue donor is a more precise determinant of fibroblast replicative lifespan than chronologic age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, S -- Moerman, E J -- Soeldner, J S -- Gleason, R E -- Barnett, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):781-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/pathology/*physiopathology ; Regression Analysis ; Skin/cytology/pathology
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    Macroeconomics of disease prevention in the United States (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gori, G B -- Richter, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1124-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Environment ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Infant ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Dynamics ; *Preventive Medicine ; Social Security ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Melatonin content of the human pineal gland (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: Gas chromatography with electron capture detection was used to quantitate melatonin in single human pineal glands. The sensitivity of this melatonin assay is in the low picogram range. A 24-hour rhythm of pineal melatonin content was observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greiner, A C -- Chan, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):83-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉North Lawn Unit, Riverview Hospital, Essondale, British Columbia, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromatography, Gas ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/analogs & derivatives/*analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pineal Gland/*chemistry
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    Kainic acid injections result in degeneration of cochlear nucleus cells innervated by the auditory nerve (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: When kainic acid, a putative neurotoxin for neurons with glutamatergic input, is injected into the brainstem, it produces a selective pattern of degeneration in the cochlear nucleus. The rate and extent of degeneration is correlated with the distribution of the primary auditory fibers. This evidence supports the hypothesis that glutamate is the neurotransmitter for primary auditory fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, S J -- Gulley, R L -- Wenthold, R J -- Fex, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Stem/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutamates/physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Male ; Nerve Degeneration/drug effects ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*drug effects ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/*drug effects/physiology
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    Ethology of sleep studied with time-lapse photography: postural immobility and sleep-cycle phase in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Human sleep is characterized by episodes of immobility punctuated by major postural shifts. The organization of this motor activity was shown with a combination of photographic and electroencephalographic recording to be periodic and related to the electroencephalographic sleep cycle. The amount of immobility as measured photographically was positively related to subjective estimates of the goodness of sleep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobson, J A -- Spagna, T -- Malenka, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1251-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Movement ; Photography ; Sleep Stages/*physiology
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    Somatically evoked magnetic fields of the human brain (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: The human brain is found to produce a magnetic field near the scalp which varies in synchrony with periodic electrical stimulation applied to a finger. Use of a highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device as a magnetic field detector reveals that the brain's field is sharply localized over the primary projection area of the sensory cortex contralateral to the digit being stimulated. The phase of the response at the stimulus frequency varies monotonically with the repetition rate and at intermediate frequencies yields a latency of approximately 70 milliseconds for cortical response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brenner, D -- Lipton, J -- Kaufman, L -- Williamson, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Reaction Time ; Thumb
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    Infant astigmatism measured by photorefraction (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Photorefraction of a sample of 93 infants of ages 1 day to 12 months showed that 63 percent of the subjects had astigmatism of 0.75 diopter or greater, and 12 percent greater than 2 diopters. Seventy percent of these astigmatisms were in the horizontal-vertical meridians. By comparison, only 8 percent of a sample of 26 adults tested by the same method showed astigmatism (all 0.75 to 1 diopter). The high incidence of infant astigmatism has implications for critical periods in human visual development and for infant acuity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howland, H C -- Atkinson, J -- Braddick, O -- French, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Astigmatism/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*diagnosis ; Photography ; Refraction, Ocular/*methods
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    Immunization against infectious disease (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases in the United States have declined more than 90 percent since 1900. Factors believed to be responsible for this decline include changes in the natural history of disease, sanitation, quarantine measures, control of nonhuman vectors, antibacterial drugs, and immunization. The contributions of each of these factors differ among the various infectious diseases; except for smallpox and diphtheria control, immunization had little effect until after World War II. The success of present and future immunization programs is endangered by public and physician complacency and by complex legal and ethical problems related to informed consent and responsibility for rare, vaccine-related injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mortimer, E A Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):902-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/347579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/history/mortality ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Immunization/adverse effects/history ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; United States ; Vaccination/history ; Vaccines/adverse effects ; Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects
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    Cholecystokinin inhibits tail pinch-induced eating in rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Peripheral administration of the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin in doses from 1 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of body weight (0.25 to 25.0 micrograms per rat) significantly antagonized tail pinch-induced eating in rats, an animal model for stress-induced human hyperphagia. Centrally administered cholecystokinin was effective only in high doses (3 micrograms into the cerebral ventricle). The finding that the minimal effective dose of cholecystokinin in suppressing stress-induced appetitive behavior is smaller after peripheral than central administration suggests that the peptide is acting on peripheral, as opposed to central nervous system, substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Osbahr, A J 3rd -- Bissette, G -- Jahnke, G -- Lipton, M A -- Prange, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):793-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/565535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological
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    Analysis of melatonin in human plasma by gas chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Three techniques have been used to measure human plasma melatonin: bioassay, radioimmunoassay, and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS is theoretically capable of the greatest specificity, but in general suffers from insufficient sensitivity. Negative chemical ionization, a new technique, provides a 150-fold increase in GC-MS sensitivity for electron-capturing compounds. Negative chemical ionization GC-MS permits routine measurement in human plasma of melatonin at a concentration as low as 1 picogram per milliliter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewy, A J -- Markey, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):741-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anions ; Chromatography, Gas/methods ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Melatonin/*blood
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    Erythroid progenitors circulating in the blood of adult individuals produce fetal hemoglobin in culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Erythroid colonies, raised from erythroid stem cells circulating in the peripheral blood of normal adult individuals, synthesize considerable amounts of fetal hemoglobin. In cultures from persons with sickling disorders, amounts of hemoglobin F that are known to inhibit sickling in vivo are produced. The results provide evidence that primitive erythroid progenitors are able to express the hemoglobin F production program and that cultures of mononuclear cells of the adult blood can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in regulation of gamma-globin gene switching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulou, T -- Nakamoto, B -- Buckley, J -- Kurachi, S -- Nute, P E -- Stamatoyannopoulos, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*biosynthesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Hemoglobin A/biosynthesis ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Reticulocytes/metabolism ; Thalassemia/blood
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    Striatal nondopaminergic neurons: possible involvement in feeding and drinking behavior (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Intracaudate injections of kainic acid destroy striatal neurons containing acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid but leave dopaminergic nerve terminals in this brain region intact. Rats injected with the drug are aphagic and adipsic, and have other behavioral abnormalities strikingly similar to those seen in animals with lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal bundle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettibone, D J -- Kaufman, N -- Scally, M C -- Meyer, E Jr -- Ulus, I -- Lytle, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Caudate Nucleus/*drug effects/physiology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Male ; Posture ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rats
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    Chemical carcinogens: how dangerous are low doses? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 6;202(4363):37-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/standards ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Oxidation-Reduction
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    6-Mercaptopurine treatment of pregnant mice: effects on second and third generations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: The immunosuppressive drug 6-mercaptopurine is embryotoxic in mice. Of the surviving female offspring of mice treated with low doses of 6-mercaptopurine during pregnancy, despite normal body weight and general appearance, many were either sterile or, if they became pregnant, had smaller litters and more dead fetuses as compared to offspring of mothers that had not received the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reimers, T J -- Sluss, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 6-Mercaptopurine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fetal Death/*chemically induced ; Fetus/drug effects ; Germ Cells/*drug effects ; Infertility, Female/*chemically induced ; Litter Size/drug effects ; Mice ; Ovary/cytology/drug effects/embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
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    Commissural transmission: maturational changes in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: Latency differences between ipsilateral and contralateral somatosensory evoked potentials show maturational trends in keeing with the myelogenic timetable and development of the corpus callosum. The distribution and modality-specific projection of early ipsilateral activity suggests an origin in the contralateral posterior-parietal area.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salamy, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Corpus Callosum/*growth & development/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Adherence of group A streptococci to pharyngeal cells: a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: We used an assay in vitro to investigate the possible role of streptococcal adherence to human pharyngeal cells in the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever. There was no difference in adherence of rheumatic fever-associated and non-associated strains of group A streptococci to pooled pharyngeal cells of normal people. Likewise, streptococci not associated with rheumatic fever adhered equally well to cells taken from normal people and from patients with rheumatic heart disease. However, the pharyngeal cells of all nine rheumatic heart disease patients tested had increased avidity for adherence for a rheumatic fever-associated strain of streptococcus compared to the pharyngeal cells obtained from age- and sex-matched controls. Increased streptococcal adherence to pharyngeal cells of rheumatic fever-prone patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selinger, D S -- Julie, N -- Reed, W P -- Williams, R C Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases/complications/microbiology ; Pharynx/*microbiology ; Rheumatic Fever/*etiology/microbiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*physiology
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    United States population dose estimates for iodine-131 in the thyroid after the Chinese atmospheric nuclear weapons tests (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Analysis of samples collected within the United States after the Chinese atmospheric nuclear weapons tests of 26 September and 17 November 1976 indicates that the radiation dose to the thyroid from iodine-131 in milk was predominant. A U.S. population dose to the thyroid of 68,000 man-rads was calculated for the iodine-131 fallout. The four excess thyroid cancers that are estimated to occur as a result of the September test during the next 45 years will be masked by the 380,000 cases of thyroid cancer which are expected to occur in the United States from all causes during the same interval.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J M -- Broadway, J A -- Strong, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):44-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/565079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Air Pollution, Radioactive/analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*analysis ; Milk/analysis ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*etiology ; Radiation Monitoring ; Radioactive Fallout/*analysis ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; United States
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    Schizophrenic symptoms improve with apomorphine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Eighteen chronic schizophrenic patients received subcutaneous doses of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, and of placebo in separate trials. A significant improvement in psychotic symptoms occurred after apomorphine compared to placebo. The results are interpreted as a consequence of presynaptic dopamine receptor activation by apomorphine with a subsequent decrease in dopamine-mediated neural transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamminga, C A -- Schaffer, M H -- Smith, R C -- Davis, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):567-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/347574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apomorphine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Endings/drug effects ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nitrite and nitrate are formed by endogenous synthesis in the human intestine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: Studies of nitrate balance in humans and analyses of fecal and ileostomy samples indicate that nitrite and nitrate are formed de novo in the intestine, possibly by heterotrophic nitrification. These findings significantly alter our previous conceptions of human exposure to nitrite and suggest an even wider role for nitrite in the etiology of human cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tannenbaum, S R -- Fett, D -- Young, V R -- Land, P D -- Bruce, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Feces/metabolism ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Intestines/*metabolism ; Male ; Nitrates/*metabolism/urine ; Nitrites/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tumor promoters inhibit morphological differentiation in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: When added to mouse neuroblastoma cultures, the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits spontaneous neurite formation as well as that induced in response to serum deprivation, prostaglandin E1, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, and papaverine. Other tumor-promoting macrocyclic plant diterpenes also inhibit neurite formation, whereas nonpromoting diterpenes do not. Inhibition by TPA was reversible and was unrelated to toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, D N -- Fibach, E -- Yamasaki, H -- Weinstein, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Papaverine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phorbols/*pharmacology ; Prostaglandins E/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Postprandial changes in the exhalation rate of radon produced in vivo (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: The rate of exhalation of radon by persons with long-standing radium burdens increases about twofold shortly after a meal. The increase is short-lived and "normal" values are regained in 1.5 to 2 hours. The effect may account in part for the poor reproducibility in estimates of the freely emanating part of the radium content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rundo, J -- Markun, F -- Sha, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1211-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breath Tests ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eating ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Radium/*metabolism ; Radon/*metabolism
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    Central nervous system dysfunction due to lead exposure (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Central nervous system dysfunction was investigated in workers at a secondary lead smelter by means of performance tests. Correlations between test scores and zinc protoporphyrin levels, a biological indicator of lead toxicity, are statistically significant. This correlation should prove to be useful in current efforts to evaluate effects of lead exposure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valciukas, J A -- Lilis, R -- Fischbein, A -- Selikoff, I J -- Eisinger, J -- Blumberg, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):465-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Behavior/physiology ; Central Nervous System/*physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lead/blood ; Lead Poisoning/blood/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination/methods ; Occupational Diseases/*physiopathology ; Porphyrins/*blood ; Protoporphyrins/*blood ; Zinc/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Serum lipoprotein concentrations in cystic fibrosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Two major classes of lipoproteins, low density and high density, are decreased in the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis; major apoproteins are also decreased. Since essential fatty acids and certain fat-soluble vitamins depend on lipoproteins for transport in the serum, knowledge of lipoprotein levels in cystic fibrosis patients could prove valuable in understanding (i) the basis for the abnormally low serum levels of these fatty acids and vitamins and (ii) the effects of therapies involving these molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaughan, W J -- Lindgren, F T -- Whalen, J B -- Abraham, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):783-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/203033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*blood ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins/*blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male
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    Rifampicin inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Rifampicin produces a dose-dependent decrease in protein synthesis in rat thymocytes. At concentrations up to 200 micrograms per milliliter, rifampicin does not alter rat thymic transcription. Rifampicin causes a direct inhibition of protein synthesis in rat thymic and hepatic microsomes, and in cadaveric human hepatic microsomes. Protein synthesis inhibition could explain the toxicity of rifampicin in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buss, W C -- Morgan, R -- Guttmann, J -- Barela, T -- Stalter, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rifampin/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*drug effects/metabolism
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    Human serial learning: enhancement with arecholine and choline impairment with scopolamine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Arecholine (4 milligrams), a cholinergic agonist, and choline (10 grams), a precursor of acetylcholine, significantly enhanced serial learning in normal human subjects. The subjects received methscopolamine prior to both arecholine and placebo injections. Conversely, scopolamine (0.5 milligram), a cholinergic antagonist, impaired learning and this impairment was reversed by arecholine and choline and the impairment after scopolamine were inversely proportional to the subject's performance on placebo; that is, "poor" performers were more vulnerable to both the enhancing effect of cholinergic agonist and precursor and the impairment after cholinergic antagonist than "good" performers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sitaram, N -- Weingartner, H -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):274-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Adult ; Arecoline/*pharmacology ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/*pharmacology
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    New smallpox case seems lab-caused (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratory Infection/*etiology ; Smallpox/*etiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Saccharin-induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster and human cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Since the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells has been shown to be the most sensitive mammalian system to detect the effects of mutagenic carcinogens, Chinese hamster ovary cells and human lymphocytes were exposed to the sodium saccharin found to induce bladder cancer in rats. Both that saccharin and a highly purified extract of it increased the yield of sister chromatid exchanges in both types of cells. The results, which were repeatable and statistically highly significant, indicated that the weak carcinogen, saccharin, is also mutagenic in the sense that it induces cytogenetic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolff, S -- Rodin, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatids/*drug effects ; Crossing Over, Genetic/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HeLa Cells ; Saccharin/*pharmacology
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    Acute effects of alcohol on auditory brainstem potentials in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Auditory brainstem potentials were recorded from human subjects before and after an intoxicating dose of alcohol. Following alcohol ingestion there were significant, progressive increases in the latencies of brainstem potential peaks III through VII. No changes in peak amplitudes were found. The results indicate that alcohol has a depressive effect on neural transmission within the primary auditory brainstem pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squires, K C -- Chu, N S -- Starr, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alcoholic Intoxication/*physiopathology ; Auditory Pathways/*drug effects ; Auditory Perception/drug effects ; Brain Stem/*drug effects/physiology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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    Pyrazole-induced thyroid necrosis: a distinct organ lesion (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: One oral dose of pyrazole caused necrosis of rat thyroid follicular epithelial cells but spared the parafollicular (C) cells and the parathyroid glands. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were significantly decreased on day 3 after pyrazole administration and were immeasurable on day 5. At day 5 the thyroid was enlarged and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the serum was increased, indicating an appropriate pituitary response to a primary lesion in the thyroid. Doses of pyrazole which produced no morphologic change in the thyroids also significantly depressed the concentrations of T4 and T3 in the serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szabo, S -- Horbath, E -- Kovacs, K -- Larsen, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1209-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Necrosis ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Thyroid Gland/*drug effects/pathology ; Thyroid Hormones/blood ; Thyrotropin/blood
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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