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  • 1
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    Transonic/supersonic inlet R and D past, present, and future (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-07
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA Lewis Research Center Inlet Workshop; p 427-480
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  • 2
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    Comments on wind-tunnel-flight correlations for the F-8 supercritical wing configurations (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 111-120
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  • 3
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    Instrumentation for space flight experiments (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The selection of measurement systems for experiments conducted in the context of a space flight must be guided by the criteria applicable to any scientific study requiring objective measurements of physiological variables. Steps fundamental to the process of choosing the best instrumentation system are identified and the key factors in matching the operational characteristics of the instrumentation to its intended use are discussed. Special problems in obtaining data from nonhuman primates, whether restrained or unrestrained, are explored. Choices for data processing are evaluated as well as the use of prototype flight tests and simulations to assess future life science experiments for spacelab or payloads for the space shuttle biomedical scientific satellite.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Space; p 225-243
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  • 4
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    Aircraft (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The physical principles of flight, and the consideration of atmospheric composition and aerodynamic forces in the design and construction of various types of aircraft are discussed. Flight characteristics are described for helicopters, rotary-wing aircraft, short and vertical takeoff aircraft, and tailess or variable geometry wing aircraft. Flow characteristics at various speeds are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 24-80
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  • 5
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    Mass-dependent channel electron multiplier operation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The absolute counting efficiency and pulse height distributions of a continuous-channel electron multiplier used in the detection of hydrogen, argon and xenon ions are assessed. The assessment technique, which involves the post-acceleration of 8-eV ion beams to energies from 100 to 4000 eV, provides information on counting efficiency versus post-acceleration voltage characteristics over a wide range of ion mass. The charge pulse height distributions for H2 (+), A (+) and Xe (+) were measured by operating the experimental apparatus in a marginally gain-saturated mode. It was found that gain saturation occurs at lower channel multiplier operating voltages for light ions such as H2 (+) than for the heavier ions A (+) and Xe (+), suggesting that the technique may be used to discriminate between these two classes of ions in electrostatic analyzers.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 48; Aug. 197
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  • 6
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    Galatry profile convolved with the Fabry-Perot instrument function (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The physical conditions in laboratory gases and in the upper atmosphere of the planets, including earth, can be deduced from a measurement of the intensity and line profile of different radiating molecules. Because of the low pressures in the upper atmospheres, many molecular lines with small pressure-broadening coefficients are collisionally narrowed. These lines are resolvable with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Analytical expressions are given relating the measured line intensity and profile to the true line intensity and profile. A deconvolution of the measured profile gives the parameters A, beta, and K characterizing the collisionally narrowed Galatry profile. General expressions for the nonideal interferometer are discussed, and, specifically, mirror defects and a limited detector aperture are treated.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; June 197
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  • 7
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    A CW ultrasonic bolt-strain monitor (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: There exists a need for a relatively inexpensive system for measuring strain in bolts. The torque wrench is one technique for straining bolts which has been widely applied. Unfortunately, friction in the bolt threads and between the nut and the work tend to make such a simple system inaccurate. In practice, a torque wrench is unacceptable for many situations where strain is critical. In this article, an ultrasonic technique is described which can indicate changes in bolt strain to better than one part in 10,000. The technique is based on the one-dimensional propagating-ultrasonic-wave model and uses a new ultrasonic instrument called a Reflection Oscillator Ultrasonic Spectrometer which is a closed-loop feedback marginal-oscillator system that frequency locks the device to the peak of a mechanical resonance in the bolt. The instrument indicates a shift in the bolt resonance frequency due to elongation and changes in velocity of sound due to strain. Data are presented comparing a standard torque wrench to the ultrasonic monitor for different measured stresses on the bolt as well as for different bolt conditions. The strain instrument can be used to monitor changing stresses, to measure material properties and may be applied as a strain gage or load cell.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Experimental Mechanics; 17; May 1977
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  • 8
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    Numerical solution for subcritical flows by a transonic integral equation method (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The method presented makes use of a division of the region of integration into closed rectangular elements. The velocity is taken to be constant in each element. The integral equation is reduced to a matrix equation which can be solved by an appropriate iteration approach. The derivation and solution of the matrix equation are discussed and the matrix elements are considered. The described concepts were implemented for a nonlifting parabolic-arc airfoil.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Mar. 197
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  • 9
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    Derivation of an integral equation for transonic flows (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: It is noted that the nonlinear partial differential equation for the perturbation velocity potential and boundary conditions describing steady inviscid compressible transonic flow past a thin two-dimensional airfoil can be transformed into a singular integrodifferential equation and that differentiation of the latter yields an integral equation. Two forms of this integral equation currently exist: one for the singularity that is enclosed in an infinitely long strip of vanishing thickness and the other for the singularity that is enclosed in a vanishing circle. In the present article, a more general integral equation is derived by enclosing the singularity in a vanishing rectangular cavity of arbitrary aspect ratio. The two existing forms of this equation are deduced as special cases distinguished by the respective values for the aspect ratio (infinity for the first form and unity for the second).
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Feb. 197
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  • 10
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    A practical magnetic bearing (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A small compact magnetic bearing design developed and tested features a bearing capable of supporting over ten times its own weight, dimensioned 8 cm diam by 3.75 cm, with rare-earth cobalt magnets. Only 1% of the device payload figures as part of the magnetic suspension. The design is servoed in two axes and exhibits inherent stability in three more degrees of freedom, with full rotational freedom in the desired axis. Capacitive radial gap sensing allows stiff servoing of the rotation axis. Differential sensing and EM control linearize control functions. Low power drain, simple fabrication and assembly, and larger clearances than in air bearings or ball bearings are reported
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 11
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    Flow characteristics in an expansion tunnel as inferred from velocity measurements (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A photoionization technique was used to study flow characteristics in an expansion tunnel. Vertical surveys of the axial component of flow velocity just downstream from the nozzle exit were obtained, and estimates of freestream density were inferred from the velocity measurement technique. The pitot pressure was measured and compared to the average axial component of velocity as a function of time for the two cases when air and CO2 were used as test gases. Vertical velocity and static density profiles at the nozzle exit are presented for the case when CO2 was used as test gas. Experimental results were used to determine the diameter and uniformity of the test core at the nozzle exit and the duration of the quasi-steady flow period. These data are relevant to evaluation of the suitability of operating an expansion tube as an expansion tunnel. The expansion tunnel is an expansion tube with a conical nozzle positioned at the exit of the acceleration section, so that nozzle entrance flow conditions are hypersonic and characterized by hypervelocity.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Sept
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  • 12
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    Quasi-microscope concept for planetary missions (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Viking lander cameras have returned stereo and multispectral views of the Martian surface with a resolution that approaches 2 mm/lp in the near field. A two-orders-of-magnitude increase in resolution could be obtained for collected surface samples by augmenting these cameras with auxiliary optics that would neither impose special camera design requirements nor limit the cameras field of view of the terrain. Quasi-microscope images would provide valuable data on the physical and chemical characteristics of planetary regoliths.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Sept
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  • 13
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    An estimation of the effect of fluid inertia on the performance of the plane inclined slider thrust bearing with particular regard to turbulent lubrication (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 14
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    Low Reynolds number flow past a blunt axisymmetric body at angle of attack (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Low Reynolds number flow of an ideal gas over a blunt axisymmetric body of large half-angle at small angles of attack is investigated, for the case of laminar hypersonic flow. Time-varying viscous shock layer equations describing the flowfield are obtained from the full Navier-Stokes system by keeping terms to second order in the inverse square root of Re in both viscous and inviscid regions; the equations are valid for moderate to high Re. Drag, skin friction, and heating rates were obtained at small (or zero) angles of attack. Conditions experienced by planetary entry probes during the high-altitude (early) legs of an atmospheric entry trajectory are pertinent to the problem.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Aug. 197
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  • 15
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    Evaluation of flight spoilers for vortex alleviation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper describes the facilities and test procedures used in a series of wind-tunnel and full-scale flight investigations of the effectiveness of flight spoilers currently existing on wide-bodied transport jet aircraft when used as trailing vortex hazard alleviation devices. Examples of the results of such studies include the variation of trailing wing rolling-moment coefficient with downstream distance behind a B-747 airplane model with various segments of its flight spoilers deflected 45 deg, and comparisons with models without spoilers deflected. It is concluded that the existing flight spoilers on the B-747 are effective as trailing vortex attenuators.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Aug. 197
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  • 16
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    The effect of ablation injection on radiative and convective heating (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A viscous shock-layer analysis for calculating high energy equilibrium flow fields about blunt axisymmetric bodies is applied to the problem of massive ablation injection with radiation transport. A nongray radiation model is used that accounts for both line and continuum radiation. The solution method is direct and provides both stagnation and downstream solutions. Results for shock heated air show that phenolic-nylon injection is substantially more effective in reducing the wall radiant flux than air injection. Also, for large included body angles, the wall radiative flux and the coupled phenolic-nylon injection rate do not continue to decrease with increasing distance downstream.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 17
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    Comment on 'Drag coefficient of spheres in continuum and rarefied flows' (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A paper by Henderson (1976) provides a method of predicting experimental sphere drag data. This approach uses two equations for the drag coefficient, one for relative Mach number less than one, one for relative Mach number greater than 1.75. For relative Mach numbers between these limits a linear interpolation procedure is followed. In a comment on this paper, it is claimed, on the basis of comparing predictions with experimental results, that a method proposed by Walsh (1975) gives better predictions of the drag coefficient for relative Mach numbers less than 1.75, provided that a modification of the procedure is made for relative Mach numbers less than 0.1. For values over 1.75, both methods are considered equally accurate. In a reply to this comment, it is agreed that the Walsh method is more accurate when Reynolds numbers are within a range between 20 and 200, and Mach numbers are between 0.5 and 1.25. Presumed errors and possible limitations in the Walsh procedure for predicting drag coefficients are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; June 197
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  • 18
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    Nonlinear flap-lag axial equations of a rotating beam (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: It is possible to identify essentially four approaches by which analysts have established either the linear or nonlinear governing equations of motion for a particular problem related to the dynamics of rotating elastic bodies. The approaches include the effective applied load artifice in combination with a variational principle and the use of Newton's second law, written as D'Alembert's principle, applied to the deformed configuration. A third approach is a variational method in which nonlinear strain-displacement relations and a first-degree displacement field are used. The method introduced by Vigneron (1975) for deriving the linear flap-lag equations of a rotating beam constitutes the fourth approach. The reported investigation shows that all four approaches make use of the geometric nonlinear theory of elasticity. An alternative method for deriving the nonlinear coupled flap-lag-axial equations of motion is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; June 197
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  • 19
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    Maximum theoretical angular accuracy of planar and linear arrays of sensors (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The maximum theoretical accuracy in the angular location of a radiating object that can be obtained by using a planar or linear array is studied. The elements are assumed to have identical radiation patterns and the complex voltages observed at their ports are assumed to be subject to phase measurement errors, having normal probability density. An optimum scheme for the statistical extraction of the parameters defining the direction is established noting that the presence of thermal noise does not affect the structure of the estimator. Comparisons with the conventional multiple interferometric techniques are made.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-13; Mar. 197
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  • 20
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    Ultraviolet response of InGaAsP photocathodes (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Three type VPM 164 photomultiplier tubes with III-IV compound InGaAsP reflective photocathodes were developed for use in ground-based and space-borne astronomical detectors. Although the achieved response of about 0.02% quantum efficiency at 1.083 microns fell short of the goal of 1% quantum efficiency, the broadband characteristics are still considerably better than those of the S-1 photocathode.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Apr. 197
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  • 21
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    Airborne bathymetric charting using pulsed blue-green lasers (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Laboratory and airborne experiments have proven the feasibility and demonstrated the techniques of an airborne pulsed laser system for rapidly mapping coastal water bathymetry. Water depths of 10 plus or minus 0.25 m were recorded in waters having an effective attenuation coefficient of 0.175 m. A 2-MW peak power Nd:YAG pulsed laser was flown at an altitude of 600 m. An advanced system, incorporating a mirror scanner, a high pulsed rate laser, and a good signal processor, could survey coastal zones at the rate of several square miles per hour.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Jan. 197
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  • 22
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    Problems in the use of interference filters for spectrophotometric determination of total ozone (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: An analysis of the use of ultraviolet narrow-band interference filters for total ozone determination is given with reference to the New Zealand filter spectrophotometer under the headings of filter monochromaticity, temperature dependence, orientation dependence, aging, and specification tolerances and nonuniformity. Quantitative details of each problem are given, together with the means used to overcome them in the New Zealand instrument. The tuning of the instrument's filter center wavelengths to a common set of values by tilting the filters is also described, along with a simple calibration method used to adjust and set these center wavelengths.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; Aug. 197
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  • 23
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    Vortex lattice prediction of subsonic aerodynamics of hypersonic vehicle concepts (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The vortex lattice method introduced by Lamar and Gloss (1975) was applied to the prediction of subsonic aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic body-wing configurations. The reliability of the method was assessed through comparison of the calculated and observed aerodynamic performances of two National Hypersonic Flight Research Facility craft at Mach 0.2. The investigation indicated that a vortex lattice model involving 120 or more panel elements can give good results for the lift and induced drag coefficients of the craft, as well as for the pitching moment at angles of attack below 10 to 15 deg. Automated processes for calculating the local slopes of mean-camber surfaces may also render the method suitable for use in preliminary design phases.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Oct. 197
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  • 24
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    Liquid helium-cooled MOSFET preamplifier for use with astronomical bolometer (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A liquid helium-cooled p-channel enhancement mode MOSFET, the 3N167, is found to have sufficiently low noise for use as a preamplifier with helium-cooled bolometers that are used in infrared astronomy. Its characteristics at 300, 77, and 4.2 K are presented. It is also shown to have useful application with certain photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared detectors.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 48; Apr. 197
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  • 25
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    Apparatus for measuring the force of gravity on freely falling electrons (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: An apparatus and data analysis technique for measuring the gravitational force on freely falling electrons are described. The measurement required that all forces acting on the electrons be uniform and measurable to about ten to the negative 11th power eV/m. The electrical force along the axis of the 5-cm-diam, vertical copper tube used in the experiment was found to be about six times ten to the negative 11th power eV/m when the tube was cooled to 4.2 K. Forces on electrons due to magnetic field gradients were reduced well below the electrical ones by selecting only ground state electrons for measurement. The absence, at 4.2 K, of much stronger electric fields, which were expected to arise from the patch effect and from differential lattice components, contrasts strongly with measurements of electric fields near metal surfaces made at room temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 48; Jan. 197
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  • 26
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    The effect of bandwidth on filter instrument total ozone accuracy (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The effect of the width and shape of the New Zealand filter instrument's passbands on measured total-ozone accuracy is determined using a numerical model of the spectral measurement process. The model enables the calculation of corrections for the 'bandwidth-effect' error and shows that highly attenuating passband skirts and well-suppressed leakage bands are at least as important as narrow half-bandwidths. Over typical ranges of airmass and total ozone, the range in the bandwidth-effect correction is about 2% in total ozone for the filter instrument, compared with about 1% for the Dobson instrument.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; Aug. 197
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  • 27
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    Cooling effectiveness of slot injection into a turbulent boundary layer (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The cooling effectiveness of injection through multiple flush slots at an angle of 10 deg was studied experimentally in a wind tunnel. Air was injected from one to four slots into a turbulent Mach 6 boundary layer. The slot mass flow ratio is defined, and data which describe the dependence of the cooling effectiveness on the slot mass flow ratio are presented. Experimental values are indicated graphically for various cases of single and multiple slot injection, where the total mass injection (i.e., the sum of flow rates from each slot) is the same for each case. The results show that, for a given coolant mass flow rate, thermal protection over the maximum surface area can be accomplished best by injecting the coolant flow through multiple slots.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Sept
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  • 28
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    Spectral radiance calibrations between 165-300 nm - An interlaboratory comparison (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The spectral radiance of deuterium lamps calibrated by the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie (MPI), by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) are compared to check the agreement of UV radiometric scales. The NBS group used the optically thin continuum radiation from a wall-stabilized hydrogen arc as its fundamental radiometric standard, while the MPI and PTB groups used the synchrotron radiation facility in DESY. It is found that the spectral radiance scales based upon the DESY synchrotron and the NBS hydrogen arc are consistent, at least for one wavelength relative to another.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; July 197
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  • 29
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    Ion beam texturing (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A microscopic surface texture was created by sputter-etching a surface while simultaneously sputter-depositing a lower sputter yield material onto the surface. A xenon ion-beam source was used to perform the texturing process on samples as large as 3-cm diameter. Textured surfaces have been characterized with SEM photomicrographs for a large number of materials including Cu, Al, Si, Ti, Ni, Fe, stainless steel, Au, and Ag. A number of texturing parameters are studied including the variation of texture with ion-beam powder, surface temperature, and the rate of texture growth with sputter etching time.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 30
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    A K-band radiometer for the microwave weather project (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The design of a K-band radiometer for use in the microwave weather project is discussed. The major components of the system, such as feedhorn, waveguide switch, and receiver assembly are described. The system will be installed at DSS 13 at Goldstone, California, when completed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The Deep Space Network; p 66-69
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    Digital high density (80 Mb/s) tape (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Work with a state-of-the-art high density PCM tape recorder reproducer system is described. The tape recorder is designed for 80 Mb/s operation at an overall bit error rate of .00001and for 40 Mb/s operation at .000001. The article describes the process of measuring the error rate. Also detailed is a data rate buffer designed for use in recent radar experiments and generalizable to most potential uses of the recorder system.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The Deep Space Network; p 110-118
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  • 32
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    Noise calibration repeatability of an airborne third-generation radiometer (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A third-generation S-band radiometer has been calibrated at intervals over 3.5 years. The built-in stabilization concepts have proven to be very effective. In spite of some nonideal conditions (on runway, in wind, and in rain), an rms value of 0.7-K calibration repeatability has been observed with an average temperature deviation (bias error) of 0.03 K.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-25; Oct. 197
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  • 33
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    Simplified solution for elliptical-contact deformation between two elastic solids (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A linear regression by the method of least squares is made on the geometric variables that occur in the equation for elliptical-contact deformation. The ellipticity and the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind are expressed as a function of the x,y-plane principal radii. The ellipticity was varied from 1 (circular contact) to 10 (a configuration approaching line contact). The procedure for solving these variables without the use of charts or a high-speed computer would be quite tedious. These simplified equations enable one to calculate easily the elliptical-contact deformation to within 3 percent accuracy without resorting to charts or numerical methods.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 34
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    Wall cooling effects on hypersonic transitional/turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The characteristics of a thick hypersonic boundary layer turbulent for a length of 175 cm on a 4 deg sharp wedge were measured. The resulting boundary layer was free from transverse curvature effects and only mildly affected by upstream history effects caused by pressure and wall temperature gradients. Heat-transfer distributions were used to locate regions of laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow at an edge unit Reynolds number of 470,000 cm at wall-to-total temperature ratios from about 0.3 to 1. Wall cooling had little effect on the location of the transition region. Pitot and total temperature profiles and skin-friction measurements were obtained at several locations along the model longitudinal centerline. Mixing length and turbulent Prandtl number distributions were derived from the fully turbulent mean profiles.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Oct. 197
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  • 35
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    Instrumental sensing of stationary source emissions (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A variety of programs have been conducted within EPA to evaluate the capability of various ground-based remote-sensing techniques for measuring the SO2 concentration, velocity, and opacity of effluents from coal-burning power plants. The results of the remote measurements were compared with the results of instack measurements made using EPA reference methods. Attention is given to infrared gas-filter correlation radiometry for SO2 concentration, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for SO2 concentration, ultraviolet matched-filter correlation spectroscopy for SO2 concentration, infrared and ultraviolet television for velocity and SO2 concentration, infrared laser-Doppler velocimetry for plume velocity, and visible laser radar for plume opacity.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Environmental Science and Technology; 11; Oct. 197
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  • 36
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    VLBI clock sync and the earth's rotational instability (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Preparation is being made by the DSN to monitor the stability of its clocks and frequency standards in the 64 meter net by means of VLBI. Since variations in the earth's rotation rate represent an error source to VLBI clock synchronization, the Allan Variance of the earth rotation was calculated to find that, in a long-term sense at least, these variations do not noticeably increase the differential instability of two clocks as measured by Intercontinental VLBI.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The Deep Space Network; p 81-84
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  • 37
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    Variable temperature pressure cell for polycrystalline X-ray studies down to 2 K - Application to Bi (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A variable pressure diamond anvil cell is described for operation at temperatures continuously variable from 300 down to 2 K and controllable within 10 mK. Polycrystalline X-ray data are collected from the pressure cavity by means of either (1) standard photographic techniques, (2) diffractometer measurements, or (3) energy dispersive diffractometry. The facility has been used to examine parts of the phase diagram of Bi. Results from this study indicate that the Bi-I and Bi-III structures are retained to low temperatures; however, there is no evidence to support a structural transition from Bi-V to Bi-VIII.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 48; July 197
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  • 38
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    Primary aberrations for grazing incidence (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Beginning with exact relations between object and image coordinates for a single reflective surface, a systematic analysis of general grazing incidence systems is presented. A complete set of primary aberrations for single-element and two-element systems is developed. The importance of a judicious choice for a coordinate system in showing field curvature to be clearly the predominant aberration for a two-element system is discussed. The validity of the theory is verified through comparisons with the exact ray-trace results for the case of a telescope.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Sept
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  • 39
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    Application of the high resolution return beam vidicon (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) is a high-performance electronic image sensor and electrical storage component. It can accept continuous or discrete exposures. Information can be read out with a single scan or with many repetitive scans for either signal processing or display. Resolution capability is 10,000 TV lines/height, and at 100 lp/mm, performance matches or exceeds that of film, particularly with low-contrast imagery. Electronic zoom can be employed effectively for image magnification and data compression. The high performance and flexibility of the RBV permit wide application in systems for reconnaissance, scan conversion, information storage and retrieval, and automatic inspection and test. This paper summarizes the characteristics and performance parameters of the RBV and cites examples of feasible applications.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Engineering; 16; May-June
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  • 40
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    Photographic film and the Skylab environment (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: An overview is presented of an investigation which was conducted to determine the actual effects of the Skylab environment on flight films. Examples of the flight film performance data are provided. Attention is given to the Skylab film, the environmental parameters, a major events profile of the Skylab mission, and a film environmental effects analysis. Representative Skylab film environmental response data are shown in a graph.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Apr. 197
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  • 41
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    Application of the method of integral relations to laminar boundary layers in three dimensions (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The method of integral relations is extended to general three-dimensional compressible laminar boundary layer flows. The transformation employed to transform the basic three-dimensional compressible boundary layer equations into quasi-incompressible form is an extension of the Howarth transformation. The resulting system of differential equations is integrated numerically by the method of integral relations as proposed by Dorodnitsyn. To demonstrate the accuracy of the method, it is applied to calculation of the parabolic flow over a flat plate and the boundary flow over an infinite yawed cylinder, for which solutions are known. It is then applied to the flow over a flat plate disturbed by a cylinder normal to the plate, for which a finite-difference solution is available for comparison. It is finally applied to calculating the crossflow velocity variation for supersonic flow over a swept wedge.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 42
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    A novel concept for subsonic inlet boundary-layer control (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A self-bleeding method for boundary layer control is described and tested for a subsonic inlet designed to operate in the flowfield generated by high angles of attack. Naturally occurring surface static pressure gradients are used to remove the boundary layer from a separation-prone region of the inlet and to reinject it at a less critical location with a net performance gain. The results suggest that this self-bleeding method for boundary-layer control might be successfully applied to other inlets operating at extreme aerodynamic conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Apr. 197
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  • 43
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    Experimental study of error sources in skin-friction balance measurements (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: An experimental study has been performed to determine potential error sources in skin-friction balance measurements. A floating-element balance, large enough to contain the instrumentation needed to systematically investigate these error sources has been constructed and tested in the thick turbulent boundary layer on the sidewall of a large supersonic wind tunnel. Test variables include element-to-case misalignment, gap size, and Reynolds number. The effects of these variables on the friction, lip, and normal forces have been analyzed. It was found that larger gap sizes were preferable to smaller ones; that small element recession below the surrounding test surface produced errors comparable to the same amount of protrusion above the test surface; and that normal forces on the element were, in some cases, large compared to the friction force.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 44
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    Mach 6 flowfield survey at the engine inlet of a research airplane (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A flowfield survey was conducted to better define the nature of vehicle forebody flowfield at the inlet location of an airframe-integrated scramjet engine mounted on the lower surface of a high-speed research airplane to be air launched from a B-52 and rocket boosted to Mach 6. The tests were conducted on a 1/30-scale brass model in a Mach-6 20-in. wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 11,200,000 based on distance to engine inlet. Boundary layer profiles at five spanwise locations indicate that the boundary layer in the area of the forebody centerline is more than twice as thick as the boundary layer at three outboard stations. It is shown that the cold streak found in heating contours on the centerline of the forebody is caused by a thickening of the boundary layer on the centerline, and that this thickening decreases with angle of attack.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Apr. 197
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  • 45
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    Vacuum ultraviolet radiometry. III - The argon mini-arc as a new secondary standard of spectral radiance (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A miniature argon arc has been designed and tested as a new transfer standard of spectral radiance for the wavelength range from 114 nm to 330 nm. Calibration has been performed using two primary standard sources: the hydrogen arc from 130 nm to 330 nm and the blackbody line radiator from 114 nm to 130 nm. The mini-arc provides an intense, stable, and reproducible UV continuum with dc power requirements of less than 1.5 kW. The arc characteristics have been investigated, and the sensitivity of the radiant power output to various operating parameters has been measured. The rms uncertainty in the spectral radiance is estimated to be 5.3% above 140 nm and 10.1% between 114 nm and 140 nm, due primarily to uncertainties in the primary standard sources.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Feb. 197
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  • 46
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    Slow scan SEC vidicon system (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A slow scan SEC vidicon system is described here. This system is coupled to the 152.4-cm (60-in) McMath telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. An anamorphic lens system is used to couple optically the vertical spectrograph to the vidicon system. The resolutin of the over-all system is 55 mA, while the resolution of the spectrograph alone is 50 mA. Actual observational results are used to evaluate the system performance.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Jan. 197
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  • 47
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    Single-axis gyroscopic motion with uncertain angular velocity about spin axis (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A differential game approach is presented for studying the response of a gyro by treating the controlled angular velocity about the input axis as the evader, and the bounded but uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis as the pursuer. When the uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis desires to force the gyro to saturation a differential game problem with two terminal surfaces results, whereas when the evader desires to attain the equilibrium state the usual game with single terminal manifold arises. A barrier, delineating the capture zone (CZ) in which the gyro can attain saturation and the escape zone (EZ) in which the evader avoids saturation is obtained. The CZ is further delineated into two subregions such that the states in each subregion can be forced on a definite target manifold. The application of the game theoretic approach to Control Moment Gyro is briefly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 48
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    Comparison of numerical and experimental 'conical' flow fields in supersonic corners with compression and/or expansion (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The flow field produced by the intersection of two plane solid surfaces in a supersonic stream is a complex interference flow. These flows can be fully compressive, fully expansive, or of mixed compression-expansion nature. This paper presents a comparison of the experimentally obtained flow-field structure in an axial corner with that predicted numerically by using a shock-capturing finite-difference method. The effect of sweep and surface deflection are evaluated, and the general influence of each is presented for the three classes of corner flow. The results show that the numerical method is a valuable aid in understanding the flow structure for simple configurations. In addition, confidence in the numerical method is gained for use in solving more general three-dimensional configurations where the flow is nonconical and several wave interaction may be presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: British Aircraft Corp.
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    Unsteady flow in a supersonic cascade with strong in-passage shocks (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Linearized theory is used to study the unsteady flow in a supersonic cascade with in-passage shock waves. We use the Wiener-Hopf technique to obtain a closed-form analytical solution for the supersonic region. To obtain a solution for the rotational flow in the subsonic region we must solve an infinite set of linear algebraic equations. The analysis shows that it is possible to correlate quantitatively the oscillatory shock motion with the Kutta condition at the trailing edges of the blades. This feature allows us to account for the effect of shock motion on the stability of the cascade. Unlike the theory for a completely supersonic flow, the present study predicts the occurrence of supersonic bending flutter. It therefore provides a possible explanation for the bending flutter that has recently been detected in aircraft-engine compressors at higher blade loadings.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 83; Dec. 5
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    Estimation of spectral reflectance curves from multispectral image data (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A technique is presented for estimating spectral reflectance curves from multispectral image data even if the spectral samples are obtained from channels whose spectral responsivity is not narrowband. It is demonstrated that these reflectance estimates can be written as a linear combination of the spectral samples and that, analogous to Shannon's sampling theorem, if the spectral reflectance is a natural cubic spline, it can be estimated exactly provided the number of spectral channels is sufficiently large. Simulation results suggest that the accuracy of the spectral reflectance estimates is quite good and very insensitive to the spectral responsivity shapes.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Dec. 197
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    Correlation of turbulent shear layer attachment peak heating near Mach 6 (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A correlation of new turbulent two-dimensional data and peak heating data for attaching free shear layers is presented for a 2.54-cm and 5.08-cm diam cylindrical leading-edge slab 25.4 cm long, and 7.62 and 10.16 cm wide. A 30.48 x 25.4 cm sharp leading-edge flat plate set at 15 and 20 deg is used to generate plane impinging shocks. The freestream Mach number is 6 and the freestream Reynolds number varies from 3,300,000 to 25,600,000/m. Peak heating is measured on silica-based epoxy models with a phase change coating technique. A comparison of the free shear layer data with the transition data of Birch and Keyes (1972) reveals that the shear layer data are turbulent at attachment. The trend of the data shows that peak heating is strongly affected by the state of development at attachment. As the free shear layers become more fully developed, the data approach the two-dimensional correlation. Persistence of transitional flow structures for supersonic free shear flows is pointed out.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 15; Dec. 197
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    Calculated heating on the afterbody nozzle of a hypersonic aircraft concept (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The present analysis was carried out to estimate the heating levels of the external nozzle of a scramjet/airframe-integrated research aircraft. A parametric examination of the effects of Mach number, reference length, and wall temperature showed that the heating rate distributions are independent of reference length and wall temperature. The initial heating rates obtained for a Mach 6 flight are in the (3 to 8) x 10 to the 5th power W/sq m range. Underlying the entire study is the question of nozzle boundary layer formation and growth, as well as the question of the reference length value that should be used in the computations. It is shown that the reference length is not the dominant factor setting the heating levels; an attempt to bound the actual length was made. A more detailed calculation of the rates requires further work to gain a better understanding of the combustor exit boundary layer.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Dec. 197
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    Spectral interpolation - Zero fill or convolution (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Zero fill, or augmentation by zeros, is a method used in conjunction with fast Fourier transforms to obtain spectral spacing at intervals closer than obtainable from the original input data set. In the present paper, an interpolation technique (interpolation by repetitive convolution) is proposed which yields values accurate enough for plotting purposes and which lie within the limits of calibration accuracies. The technique is shown to operate faster than zero fill, since fewer operations are required. The major advantages of interpolation by repetitive convolution are that efficient use of memory is possible (thus avoiding the difficulties encountered in decimation in time FFTs) and that is is easy to implement.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 16; Nov. 197
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    Evaluation of a hydrogen chloride detector for environmental monitoring (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper describes a hydrogen chloride detector designed to monitor concentrations of hydrogen chloride gas in the ambient environment. The detector was developed for NASA for use in launch vehicle effluent monitoring. The detector operates on chemiluminescence principles with a lower detection limit of less than 5 x 10 to the -3rd ppm (by volume). The hydrogen chloride in the air sample reacts with a bromide-bromate coating in the inlet tube of the instrument producing bromine. Bromine is then quantitated by chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol. The visible light generated in the chemiluminescent reaction is proportional to the hydrogen chloride concentration of the sampled airstream. The detector is most suited to laboratory or field studies where hydrogen chloride is the dominant pollutant, as compared to the interfering species. Interferences include strong acids, acid-forming gases, and halogen gases. Of the interferences investigated the most serious in these groups are hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine, respectively. The detector has been in use since 1974 and has been found to be highly portable, rugged, and stable under extreme environmental conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 48; Nov. 197
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    Optical and acoustical measuring techniques (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper reviews the techniques of laser and acoustic Doppler measurement of fluid velocities in confined and free flows. The main mathematical relations are presented, and some systems are studied. Resolution properties of coaxial, bistatic, and pulsed CO2 laser Doppler velocimeter systems are compared. Schematics for pulsed and continuous wave acoustic Doppler systems are discussed. Both of these types of systems benefit from using a bistatic configuration instead of a coaxial system. The pulsed systems avoid contamination of source noise by not sampling until after the source noise has passed the receiver. Comparison of wind velocity measured with a pulsed acoustic Doppler and with a boundary layer profile is made.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Auger spectroscopy analysis in adhesion, friction and wear studies (1977)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper reviews the current use of Auger electron spectroscopy in adhesion, friction, wear and lubrication studies. Conventional Auger spectroscopy is adopted to complement LEED studies of the adhesion of metal single crystals. In addition, Auger cylindrical mirror analysis is applied to the study of changes in surface chemistry during dynamic friction and wear experiments on polycrystalline metals and alloys. Important conclusions are that (1) segregation of alloying elements to the surface of metals can alter adhesion behavior; (2) hydrocarbons are adsorbed readily to clean iron surfaces at 23 C; (3) transfer from one surface to another for dissimilar materials in contact can be followed in sliding or rubbing friction studies; and (4) the friction process can enhance surface activity for metals with hydrocarbons.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: International Advances in Nondestructive Testing; 5; 1977
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    Aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack (1977)
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    Beschreibung: An overview is presented of the aerodynamic inputs required for analysis of flight dynamics in the high-angle-of-attack regime wherein large-disturbance, nonlinear effects predominate. An outline of the presentation is presented. The discussion includes: (1) some important fundamental phenomena which determine to a large extent the aerodynamic characteristics of airplanes at high angles of attack; (2) static and dynamic aerodynamic characteristics near the stall; (3) aerodynamics of the spin; (4) test techniques used in stall/spin studies; (5) applications of aerodynamic data to problems in flight dynamics in the stall/spin area; and (6) the outlook for future research in the area.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dyn. Aerodyn. Inputs for Probl. in Aircraft Dyn., Vol. 2; 39 p
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    Magnetic bearing momentum wheels with magnetic gimballing capability for 3-axis active attitude control and energy storage (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A 3-axis active attitude control system with only one rotating part was developed using a momentum wheel with magnetic gimballing capability as a torque actuator for all three body axes. A brief description of magnetic bearing technology is given. It is concluded that based on this technology an integrated energy storage/attitude control system with one air of counterrotating rings could reduce the complexity and weight of conventional systems.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Res. Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 45-55
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  • 59
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    Acton mass flow system applied to PFBC feed (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Dense phase pneumatic conveying and the Acton Mass Flow concept are defined with emphasis on the specific advantages to the coal and dolomite feed to the Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor. The transport and feed functions are explored with a comparison of designing the process for a combined function or for individual functions. The equipment required to accomplish these functions is described together with a typical example of sizing and air or gas requirements. A general outline of the control system required to obtain a uniform feed rate is provided. The condition of the coal and dolomite and conveying gas as required to obtain reliable transport and feed will be discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 636-652
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  • 60
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    Storage and feeding of coal (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Reliable feeding of coal from storage bins to process requires the knowledge of the behavior of coal during flow. The study of the flow of bulk solids was undertaken in the 1950's and led to the development of flow ability testing equipment and of the Mass Flow concept of design for reliable flow. The theory has since been expanded to two-phase, solids-gas system, and has found world wide application in the design of storage and feeding systems.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 571-585
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  • 61
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    Feeding the feeder (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Too often the equipment used to move difficult to handle powdery material from a hopper to process creates a complex of devices whose end result falls short on good performance...simply because equipment design, in many cases, has not kept up with advanced technological concepts in fine powder handling. The Feeder, being the key to an efficient feed system, must be assured a continuous flow from the storage tank...without bridging, arching, spasmodic flow or uncontrolled flushing. The causes and effects of flow problems are discussed and also solutions are offered based on the combination of theoretical and practical experience.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 480-491
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  • 62
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    Babcock and Wilcox's experience with two-phase flow mixtures of coal and gas (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The performance of pulverized coal injection systems in operation on blast furnaces is described in terms of application to coal gasification, fluidized bed combustion, and magnetohydrodynamics.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 389-410
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  • 63
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    Lock hopper values for coal gasification plant service (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Although the operating principle of the lock hopper system is extremely simple, valve applications involving this service for coal gasification plants are likewise extremely difficult. The difficulties center on the requirement of handling highly erosive pulverized coal or char (either in dry or slurry form) combined with the requirement of providing tight sealing against high-pressure (possibly very hot) gas. Operating pressures and temperatures in these applications typically range up to 1600 psi (110bar) and 600F (316C), with certain process requirements going even higher. In addition, and of primary concern, is the need for reliable operation over long service periods with the provision for practical and economical maintenance. Currently available data indicate the requirement for something in the order of 20,000 to 30,000 open-close cycles per year and a desire to operate at least that long without valve failure.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of The Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 702-709
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  • 64
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    Rocketdyne's advanced coal slurry pumping program (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International Corporation is conducting a program for the engineering, fabrication, and testing of an experimental/prototype high-capacity, high-pressure centrifugal slurry feed pump for coal liquefaction purposes. The abrasion problems in a centrifugal slurry pump are primarily due to the manner in which the hard, solid particles contained in the slurry are transported through the hydraulic flow passages within the pump. The abrasive particles can create scraping, grinding, cutting, and sandblasting effects on the various exposed parts of the pump. These critical areas involving abrasion and impact erosion wear problems in a centrifugal pump are being addressed by Rocketdyne. The mechanisms of abrasion and erosion are being studied through hydrodynamic analysis, materials evaluation, and advanced design concepts.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 624-635
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  • 65
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    Evacuation of coal from hoppers/silos with low pressure pneumatic blasting systems (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The need for an efficient, economical, effective and quiet device for moving coal and other difficult bulk solids was recognized. Thus came the advent of the low pressure pneumatic blasting system - a very efficient means of using a small amount of plant air (up to 125 PSI) to eliminate the most troublesome material hang-ups in storage containers. This simple device has one moving part and uses approximately 3% of the air consumed by a pneumatic vibrator on the same job. The principle of operation is very simple: air stored in the unit's reservoir is expelled directly into the material via a patented quick release valve. The number, size, and placement of the blaster units on the storage vessel is determined by a series of tests to ascertain flowability of the problem material. These tests in conjunction with the hopper or silo configuration determine specification of a low pressure pneumatic blasting system. This concept has often proven effective in solving flow problems when all other means have failed.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 493-516
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  • 66
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    Vortex attenuation flight experiments (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Flight tests evaluating the effects of altered span loading, turbulence ingestion, combinations of mass and turbulence ingestion, and combinations of altered span loading turbulance ingestion on trailed wake vortex attenuation were conducted. Span loadings were altered in flight by varying the deflections of the inboard and outboard flaps on a B-747 aircraft. Turbulence ingestion was achieved in flight by mounting splines on a C-54G aircraft. Mass and turbulence ingestion was achieved in flight by varying the thrust on the B-747 aircraft. Combinations of altered span loading and turbulence ingestion were achieved in flight by installing a spoiler on a CV-990 aircraft and by deflecting the existing spoilers on a B-747 aircraft. The characteristics of the attenuated and unattenuated vortexes were determined by probing them with smaller aircraft. Acceptable separation distances for encounters with the attenuated and unattenuated vortexes are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wake Vortex Minimization; p 369-403
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  • 67
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    Ground-based facilities for evaluating vortex minimization concepts (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: To determine the feasibility of altering the formation and decay of aircraft trailing vortexes through aerodynamic means, the test capabilities of two wind tunnels and two towing basins were used. The facilities, common models, and measurement techniques that were employed in the evaluation of vortex minimization concepts are described.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wake Vortex Minimization; p 129-156
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  • 68
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    Design and development of a solar array drive (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design and development of a dry lubricated direct solar array pointing mechanism is discussed from its inception in 1970 to its present development into a flight mechanism for use on the Orbital Test Satellite (OTS), MAROTS, European Communication satellite and others. Results of life testing the original prototype and the OTS mechanism are presented together with an appraisal of expected future development.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 223-240
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  • 69
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    Focus drive mechanism for the IUE scientific instrument (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A compact, lightweight mechanism was developed for in-orbit adjustment of the position of the secondary mirror (focusing) of the International Ultraviolet Explored telescope. This device is a linear drive with small (.0004 in.) and highly repeatable step increments. Extremely close tolerances are also held in tilt and decentering. The unique mechanization is described with attention to the design details that contribute to positional accuracy. Lubrication, materials, thermal considerations, sealing, detenting against launch loads, and other features peculiar to flight hardware are discussed. The methods employed for mounting the low expansion quartz mirror with minimum distortion are also given.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 213-221
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  • 70
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    Positive commandable oiler for satellite bearing lubrication (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The results of a feasibility study showed that on-orbit commandable lubrication of ball bearings can be accomplished by direct oil application to the moving ball surfaces. Test results for the lubricant applicator portion of the system are presented, in conjunction with a design approach for the reservoir and metering components.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 87-95
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  • 71
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    Fly-away restraint pin mechanism for the Army's PATRIOT missile system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development of the longitudinal restraint mechanism for the Army's Patriot missile system is reviewed. The initial design was an ordnance pin puller with a shear plane. Because of reliability problems and a desire to reduce cost, a fly-away restraint mechanism was chosen. After being manually unlocked, the restraint pin disengages the missile during launch by missile motion.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 35-44
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  • 72
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    Scanning and focusing mechanisms of METEOSAT radiometer (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Two mechanisms, both of screw-jack type are described. The scanning mechanism, an oil lubricated and sealed unit drives and accurately positions the telescope of the METEOSAT radiometer. The dry lubricated focusing mechanism is used to adjust the focus of this telescope. The METEOSAT program is nearly completed, and the first flight model will be launched at the end of the year.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 13-22
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  • 73
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    High temperature strain gage evaluation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The structural thermal test of an advanced ramjet missile section required strain measurements as high as 922 K (1200 F). Since there is relatively little experience in the use of strain gages above the 700-755 K (800-900 F) level, a program was initiated to select and evaluate the best available gage. Candidate gages suitable for measurements up to 922 K (1200 F) were selected. This involved the determination of their operating characteristics, availability, cost, installation aspects, etc. The evaluation involved the following tests: strain as a function of load at room temperature and apparent strain as a function of temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Ninth Conf. on Space Simulation; p 407-423
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  • 74
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    The role of light microscopy in aerospace analytical laboratories (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Light microscopy has greatly reduced analytical flow time and added new dimensions to laboratory capability. Aerospace analytical laboratories are often confronted with problems involving contamination, wear, or material inhomogeneity. The detection of potential problems and the solution of those that develop necessitate the most sensitive and selective applications of sophisticated analytical techniques and instrumentation. This inevitably involves light microscopy. The microscope can characterize and often identify the cause of a problem in 5-15 minutes with confirmatory tests generally less than one hour. Light microscopy has and will make a very significant contribution to the analytical capabilities of aerospace laboratories.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Ninth Conf. on Space Simulation; p 277-287
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  • 75
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    Wear-resistant ball bearings for space applications (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Ball bearings consisting of steel parts of which the rings are coated with hard, wear resistant, chemical vapor deposited TiC are described. Experiments conducted in ultrahigh vacuum, using cages of various materials with self-lubricating properties, show that such bearings are suitable for space applications. The results of laboratory tests on the ESA Meteosat Radiometer Focalizing mechanism, which contains six coated bearings, are summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Res. Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 121-131
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  • 76
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    The use of twin screw extruders for feeding coal against pressures of up to 1500 PSI (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Recent tests with a twin-screw, co-rotating extruder which was successfully used to convey and feed coal against pressures of up to 1500 psi are described. Intermeshing and self-wiping, co-rotating twin-screws give greatly improved conveying and pressure built-up capabilities and avoid hangup and eventual decomposition of coal particles in the screw flights. The conveying action of intermeshing, self-wiping, co-rotating extruder systems approaches that of a positive displacement pump. With this feature, it is possible to maintain very accurate control over all aspects of product conveyance in the extruder, i.e., intake, conveyance and pressure buildup.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 689-701
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  • 77
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    Material handling systems for the fluidized-bed combustion boiler at Rivesville, West Virginia (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The 300,000 lbs/hr steam capacity multicell fluidized-bed boiler (MFB) utilizes complex material handling systems. The material handling systems can be divided into the following areas: (1) coal preparation; transfer and delivery, (2) limestone handling system, (3) fly-ash removal and (4) bed material handling system. Each of the above systems are described in detail and some of the potential problem areas are discussed. A major potential problem that exists is the coal drying system. The coal dryer is designed to use 600 F preheated combustion air as drying medium and the dryer effluent is designed to enter a hot electrostatic precipitator (730 F) after passage through a cyclone. Other problem areas to be discussed include the steam generator coal and limestone feed system which may have operating difficulties with wet coal and/or coal fines.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 604-623
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  • 78
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    High pressure rotary piston coal feeder (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: This feeder concept uniquely combines the functions of solids feeding, metering, and pressurization into one compact system. Success with the rotary-piston concept would provide a lower-cost alternative to lock-hopper systems. The design of the feeder is presented, with special emphasis on the difficult problem of seal design. Initial tests will be to check seal performance. Subsequent tests will evaluate solids-feeding ability.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 537-549
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  • 79
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    A novel dry coal feeding concept for high-pressure gasifiers (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A novel dry coal feeding concept was developed for injecting ground coal into high-pressure gasifiers. Significant power savings are projected because the coal is injected directly with a ram and there is no requirement for pumping large volumes of gas or fluid against pressure. A novel feature of the concept is that a new seal zone is formed between the ram and injection tube each cycle. The seal zone comprises a mixture of a small quantity of finely ground coal and a fluid. To demonstrate the feasibility of the concept, coal was injected into a 1000-psi chamber with an experimental device having a 7-1/2-inch-diameter ram and a 28-inch-long stroke.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 466-479
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  • 80
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    Evaluation of ERDA-sponsored coal feed system development (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Coal feeders were evaluated based upon criteria such as technical feasibility, performance (i.e. ability to meet process requirements), projected life cycle costs, and projected development cost. An initial set of feeders was selected based on the feeders' cost savings potential compared with baseline lockhopper systems. Additional feeders were considered for selection based on: (1) increasing the probability of successful feeder development; (2) application to specific processes; and (3) technical merit. A coal feeder development program is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 324-355
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  • 81
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    Foster-Miller's development of dry coal feed systems (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Dry coal feeder systems developed for pressurized conversion processes were carried through a laboratory scale development program. These concepts include: (1) a centrifugal solids feeder; (2) a fluidized piston feeder; (3) a linear pocket feeder; and (4) a compacted coal plug feeder. Results of laboratory model testing of all concepts are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 285-323
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  • 82
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    Comparative description of coal feeding systems for fixed bed pressure gasification (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Coal feeding systems are discussed which are capable of feeding 20-100 T/H and the range of pressure is up to 100 bar. Most emphasis is placed on dry feeding systems. The systems outlined are subdivided into continuous and intermittent and the influence of each system on lock gas losses and reactor design is shown. Finally a cost estimate is presented which indicates the areas of preferred application and permits conclusions to be drawn regarding the economics of the various systems.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 134-163
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  • 83
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    Ground development and flight correlation of the vortex attenuating spline device (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Data presented indicate that the wing-mounted spline is a effective vortex-attenuating device. A comparison of the vortex induced rolling moment results at a separation scale distance of 0.70 km with those measured in full scale flight indicate good agreement for the unattenuated vortex configuration. The comparison also indicates that the spline effectiveness in flight was greater than in the ground facility test. The results of an applications study show that, for the heavy commercial jet aircraft studied, use of the splines does result in some degradation of the climb gradient and rate of climb, but the aircraft should meet certification requirements.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wake Vortex Minimization; p 271-303
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  • 84
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    Application of laser velocimetry to aircraft wake-vortex measurements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The theory and use of a laser velocimeter that makes simultaneous measurements of vertical and longitudinal velocities while rapidly scanning a flow field laterally are described, and its direct application to trailing wake-vortex research is discussed. Pertinent measurements of aircraft wake-vortex velocity distributions obtained in a wind tunnel and water towing tank are presented. The utility of the velocimeter to quantitatively assess differences in wake velocity distributions due to wake dissipating devices and span loading changes on the wake-generating model is also demonstrated.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wake Vortex Minimization; p 157-192
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  • 85
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    Effect of compliant wall motion on turbulent boundary layers (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: A critical analysis of available wall data which indicated drag reduction under turbulent boundary layers. Detailed structural dynamic calculations suggest the surfaces responded in a resonant, rather than compliant, manner. Alternate explanations are given for drag reductions observed in two classes of experiments: flexible pipe flown, and waterbacked membranes in air. Analysis indicates the wall motion for the remaining data is typified by short wave lengths in agreement with the requirement of a possible compliant wall drag reduction mechanism recently suggested by Langley.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Spec. Course on Concepts for Drag Reduction; 26 p
    Format: text
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  • 86
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    Methods for Reducing Subsonic Drag Due to Lift (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: The results of repeat experimental research on methods for reducing subsonic drag due to lift are discussed. The NASA supercritical airfoils and their application to structurally practical wings with increased aspect radio are described. A design approach and experimental results for wing-tip-mounted winglets are presented. Several methods for utilizing the thrust of jet engines to provide reductions in the drag due to lift are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Spec. Course on Concepts for Drag Reduction; 17 p
    Format: text
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  • 87
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    Efficient solution of unsteady transonic flows about airfoils (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: An implicit finite difference procedure was developed for the efficient solution of unsteady transonic flow fields. Sample computations illustrate applications of procedures to aerodynamic problems. Solutions are presented that illustrate three types of shock wave motion that can result from airfoil control surface oscillations. The significant effect of wind tunnel wall conditions on these shock wave motions is demonstrated. Solutions are also presented for a simple aeroelastic problem in which the flow field equations and the structural motion equations are integrated simultaneously in time. Both stable and unstable aeroelastic interactions are considered. The procedure is adapted to compute unsteady aerodynamic force coefficients by the indicial method.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Unsteady Airloads in Separated and Transonic Flow; 11 p
    Format: text
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  • 88
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    Assessment of existing analytic methods for prediction of high angle-of-attack loads on delta wings at supersonic speeds (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: An assessment of the applicability of four loading prediction methods to high angle-of-attack conditions for simplified wing-body configurations is provided. The methods are: The tangent wedge approximation, the linear theory methods of Middleton and Woodward, and a shock-fitting finite-difference technique. Estimates obtained by these methods were compared with experimental pressure data on delta wings to examine the effects of Mach number, camber, sweep angle, and angle of attack. Results indicate that all of the methods provided reasonable estimates at moderate angles of attack. At these moderate angles of attack, the methods of Middleton and Woodward provided good estimates at Mach numbers higher than those usually associated with linear theory. Only the finite-difference method provided reasonable load estimates at high angles of attack.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Prediction of Aerodynamic Loading; 7 p
    Format: text
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  • 89
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    Comparisons of Theoretical and Experimental Pressure Distributions on an Arrow-Wing Configuration at Subsonic, Transonic, and Supersonic Speeds (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: A wind tunnel test of an arrow wing body configuration consisting of flat and twisted wings, as well as a variety of leading- and trailing-edge control surface deflection, has been conducted at Mach numbers from 0.40 to 2.50 to provide an experimental data base for comparison with theoretical methods. Theory-to-experiment comparisons of detailed pressure distributions have been made using current state-of-the-art attached- and separated-flow methods. The purpose of these comparisons was to delineate conditions under which these theories are valid for aeroelastic calculations and to explore the use of empirical methods to correct the theoretical methods where theory is deficient. It was determined that current state-of-the-art attached flow and empirical methods were inadequate to predict aeroelastic loads for this configuration.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Prediction of Aerodynamic Loading; 14 p
    Format: text
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  • 90
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    Focus drive mechanism for the IUE scientific instrument (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A compact, lightweight mechanism was developed for in-orbit adjustment of the position of the secondary mirror (focusing) of the International Ultraviolet Explorer telescope. This device is a linear drive with small and highly repeatable step increments. Extremely close tolerances are also held in tilt and decentering. The unique mechanization is described with attention to the design details that contribute to positional accuracy. Lubrication, materials, thermal considerations, sealing, detenting against launch loads, and other features peculiar to flight hardware are discussed. The methods employed for mounting the low expansion quartz mirror with minimum distortion are also given. Results of qualification and acceptance testing, are included.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 207-215
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 91
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    Design and development of a solar array drive (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design and development of a dry lubricated direct drive solar array pointing mechanism is discussed for use on the Orbital Test Satellite (OTS), MAROTS, European Communication Satellite (ECS), and others. Results of life testing the original prototype and the OTS mechanism are presented together with an appraisal of expected future development.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Res. Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 217-235
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
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    Some developments in the feeding of coal to fluidized bed combustors (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Research is being done in the development of fluid bed combustors for high sulphur coal, using limestone or dolomite in the bed for removal of the sulphur. Operating units to date have proven the inadequacies of available material handling techniques for introduction and control of the coal and adsorbent to the beds. Larger units now being contemplated will pose formidable problems in this area. Some of the techniques which were developed for the existing pilot units and novel ideas under consideration for future, large production units are illustrated and described.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 653-674
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 93
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    Injection of coal by screw feed (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The use of the screw feeder for injecting solids through a 20 to 30 psi barrier is common practice in the cement making industry. An analytical extrapolation of that design, accounting for pressure holding characteristics of a column of solids, shows that coal can be fed to zones at several hundred psi with minimal or no loss of gas. A series of curves showing the calculated pressure gradient through a moving column of solids is presented. Mean particle size, solids velocity, and column length are parameters. Further study of this system to evaluate practicality is recommended.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 586-603
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
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    Slurry pumping techniques for feeding high-pressure coal gasification reactors (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Operating experience in pumping coal and coal char slurries at pressures up to 1500 psig is discussed. The design specifications for the mixing tanks, pumps, piping, and slurry heaters are given along with pressure drop and minimum flow velocity data on water-lignite slurries.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 165-181
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
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    Coal pressurization and feeding: Use of a lock hopper system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Operation of a synthane gasifier pilot plant is discussed. The specific problems experienced with the operation of the Petrocarb system at the pilot plant are described along with modifications made to improve its performance.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 65-72
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
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    Inviscid modeling of aircraft trailing vortices (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A survey is presented of inviscid theoretical methods that are useful in the study of lift-generated vortices. Concepts derived using these invisicid theories are cited which have helped to guide research directed at alleviating the velocities and rolling moments imposed on aircraft entering these wakes.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wake Vortex Minimization; p 9-60
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
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    Unsteady aerodynamic modeling for arbitrary motions (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-05
    Beschreibung: Results indicating that unsteady aerodynamic loads derived under the assumption of simple harmonic motions executed by airfoil or wing can be extended to arbitrary motions are summarized. The generalized Theodorsen (1953) function referable to loads due to simple harmonic oscillations of a wing section in incompressible flow, the Laplace inversion integral for unsteady aerodynamic loads, calculations of root loci of aeroelastic loads, and analysis of generalized compressible transient airloads are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; Volume 15; Apr. 1977
    Format: text
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  • 98
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    Scanning and focusing mechanisms of METEOSAT radiometer (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The scanning and focusing mechanisms settled onboard the METEOSAT Radiometer are described. A large camera which will take line by line pictures of the earth from a geostationary satellite in the same manner as a TV picture using both the spin of the spacecraft and the tilt of a telescope is included. The scanning mechanism provides the + or - 9 degrees tilt angle of the telescope through 2,500 elementary steps of 1.256 0.0001 radian. As the radiometer image quality is closely dependent on the characteristics of the scanning law, the mechanism is required to fulfill functional performances specifications particularly severe in terms of linearity of the scan curve, accuracy of each step as well as repeatability of the short-term scanning. The focusing mechanism allows + or - 12 millimeters shift of the telescope focus by step increments of 0.140 mm. The focus adjustment is achieved by moving a dihedral reflector according to a pure straight-line motion. The main requirements of each mechanism are summarized and their design and performances are described in detail.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Res. Center The 11th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 13-22
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Coal extrusion in the plastic state (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Continuous feeding of coal in a compressing screw extruder is described as a method of introducing coal into pressurized systems. The method utilizes the property of many bituminous coals of softening at temperatures from 350 to 425 C. Coal is then fed, much in the manner of common thermoplastics, using screw extruders. Data on the viscosity and extruder parameters for extrusion of Illinois No. 6 coal are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 451-465
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Continuous high pressure lump coal feeder design study (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A continuous lump coal dry feeder was developed for a pressurized fluidized bed combustor. The approach was to adapt the commercially available Fuller-Kinyon pump to feed coal against a pressure differential of 100 psi or more. The pump was modified and tests performed at various pressure differentials, with differently pitched screws, various screw rotational speeds, and various seal lengths and configurations. Successful operation of the modified Fuller-Kinyon pump was generally limited to pressure differentials of 60 psi or less. Although the results are not conclusive, test data and observations were made that indicated that higher pressure differentials could be attained by further modifications of the test setup. In particular, it is recommended that further testing be performed after replacing the 40-horsepower pump motor presently in the test setup with a motor having a significantly high power rating (thereby allowing pump operation with longer seals and at higher pressure differentials than those tested so far).
    Schlagwort(e): MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Coal Feeding Systems; p 359-387
    Format: application/pdf
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