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  • Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption  (22)
  • microcirculation  (13)
  • Springer  (35)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (35)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1976  (35)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (35)
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (35)
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 100-101 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Spurenelementen, Mangan, Kobalt in Serum ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 205-205 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Schwermetallen in Wasser, Biolog. Material ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; verbesserter Gas-stop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Titan ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß von Wertigkeit, Säuren, Liganden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Wertigkeit des Titans, von Mineralsäuren und von verschiedenen organischer Komplexliganden auf die Ti-Absorption in N2O-Acetylen-Flammen wurde ausführlich untersucht. Die thermischen Prozesse in den trockenen Aerosolpartikeln scheinen für die Atomisierung wichtiger zu sein, als die Komplexbildungsgleichgewichte in der Lösung. In Gegenwart von Chromotropsäure ist die Titanbestimmung mit AAS empfindlicher und selektiver als bei der bisherigen Ausführung.
    Notes: Abstract The atomic absorption method for the determination of titanium in N2O-acetylene flames is studied from the point of view of the valence state of titanium, the effect of mineral acids and various organic complexing ligands in solution. It seems evident that the thermal procedures within the dry aerosol particle are rather more deciding for the atomisation processes than the complexation equilibria in solution. In the presence of chromotropic acid the sensitivity and selectivity of the method are increased in comparison with the usual procedure in pure solutions.
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  • 4
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1770-1773 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: shock ; microcirculation ; retrobuccal pouch of hamsters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Substantial disturbances of the microcirculation in the mucous membrane of the retrobuccal pouch were observed in acute experiments on hamsters in which severe shock was induced by standardized mechanical trauma to the thigh. All the animals died within 24 h of such trauma. If the animals died not less than 1 h after trauma the microcirculatory changes were definitely phasic in character; in particular, a phase of temporary relative adaptation and stabilization of the peripheral circulation was observed in these animals, followed inevitably by a phase of decompensation and a terminal phase ending in death. In shock proceeding rapidly to a lethal termination within 1 h, no definite phasic pattern of the microcirculatory changes was observed, but all the indices worsened more or less rapidly. Unlike most other investigators, the authors saw no marked intravascular aggregation of red cells in these experiments.
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  • 5
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 626-629 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Venous stasis ; microcirculation ; synovial membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The state of the microcirculation of the synovial membranes in venous stasis was investigated in dogs. After ligation of the femoral vein disturbance of the blood flow leads to changes in the microcirculation in the synovial membranes and to congestion of the venules. Thinning of the capillary walls and the formation of swellings and protrusions are observed. The severity of the changes in the vessel wall depends on the caliber of the vessels. One month after ligation of the vein, the signs of stasis in the tissues of the articular capsule are reduced, indicating the development of a collateral venous circulation.
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  • 6
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 796-798 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: vascular permeability ; microcirculation ; stress ; histamine ; mast cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immobilization of rats for 1 or 3 h leads to an increase in vascular permeability for ink particles and disturbances of the microcirculation in the mesenteric microvessels (formation of aggregates, appearance of “plasmatic vessels,” closure of arteriolar-venular shunts). An important role in the pathogeneis of these changes is played by histamine liberated from the mast cells without their undergoing degranulation. Liberation of histamine may be the trigger mechanism in the development of disturbances of vascular permeability during prolonged immobilization stress.
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  • 7
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 982-984 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: burn shock ; toxemia ; microcirculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute experiments on rats showed that repeated extensive burns inflicted on animals convalescing from previous burns are tolerated better, do not cause death, and are accompanied by moderate changes in the microcirculation. Similar burns in intact rats lead to severe, lethal shock, intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes, and substantial disturbances of the microcirculation, so that tissue nutrition is impaired. It is postulated that these results could be indirect evidence that toxemia plays an essential role in the genesis of intravascul aggregation of erythrocytes in burns.
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  • 8
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 33-35 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; gas exchange ; acid-base balance ; organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative study of the microcirculation based on certain indices of the gas exchange and acid-base balance of the blood was carried out in rats and rabbits during poisoning by compound GA-70, an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor with peripheral action. Comparison of the findings shows that a disturbance of the microcirculation plays the leading role in the development of hypoxia during GA-70 poisoning.
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  • 9
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: arterioles ; vasodilatation ; microcirculation ; effect of light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visible light, as usually used for intravital microscopy, causes dilatation of the arterioles of the denervated frog submaxillary muscle. The minimal effective intensity of illumination of the object was 15 lx. The degree of dilatation of the arterioles in response to maximal intensity of light (250 lx) was inversely proportional to the initial diameter of the vessel. Arterioles 20–40 μ in diameter differed in their reactivity depending on the thickness of their walls. Highly reactive arterioles have thick walls. Their diameters were doubled or moreby illumination with visible light. Photic vasodilatation is reversible.
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  • 10
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 310-312 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: burns ; burn toxin ; microcirculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Toxin for burned rat skin, purified immunochemically, possesses definite physiological activity against the cardiovascular system of homologous animals. If injected into the blood stream, the toxin lowers the systemic arterial pressure within 2 h from 125±7 to 74±8 mm Hg. The development of systemic hypotension is accompanied by secondary disorders of the microcirculation in the mesentery of the small intestine, characterized by constriction of the arterioles, slowing of the blood flow along the venules, and reduction of the capillary blood flow.
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  • 11
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 313-315 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; hypoxic hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypoxia was induced in rats by administration of a gas mixture corresponding to the composition of the atmosphere at an altitude of 6000 m above sea level. Mesenteric arteries and veins measuring from 9 to 43 μ in diameter were studied. Their diameter and the pressure and velocity of the blood flow in them were measured. The arterial microvessels were dilated in hypoxia. Their diameter was increased by the greatest amount (by 3–5 μ) during the first 3–5 min of administration of the gas mixture. The blood pressure and velocity of blood flow in these vessels were reduced throughout the experiment.
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  • 12
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 289-291 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; bradykinin ; split-image method ; application of drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Responses of the mesenteric microvessels of rats to application and intravenous injection of bradykinin were studied in acute experiments using intravital microscopy. No clear bioelectric response of the smooth-muscle cells of the microvessels to local application of bradykinin could be found in electrophysiological experiments. In another series of experiments the dynamics of vasomotor activity were studied after the same treatment by the split-image method. The response of the microvessels to bradykinin application was shown to vary in character depending principally on whether the preparation was being applied for the first or subsequent time. It is suggested that bradykinin acts on the mesenteric microvessels through the intermediary of other vasoactive substances.
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  • 13
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 292-294 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: small intestine ; microcirculation ; motor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats with simultaneous recording of motor activity of the small intestine and the state of its microcirculation showed that the diameter of the intramural vessels of the intestine depends on its contractile activity. On the basis of their data the authors suggest an explanation for the mechanism of disturbance of the secretory and absorptive function of the small intestine after blocking of its nervous reflexes and transplantation.
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  • 14
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; reactivity of arterioles ; vasoactive substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reactivity of mesenteric arterioles 10–30 μ in diameter to application of histamine (100–500 μg) adrenalin, and noradrenalin (1–10 μg) was studied in rats with experimental renal and hormonal hypertension. The sensitivity of the microvessels to the vasoactive substances was shown to vary with the stage of development of experimental hypertension.
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  • 15
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 19-22 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; vascular permeability ; hemmorrhage ; thrombus formation ; lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Responses of venules, capillaries, arterioles, and mast cells of the rat mesentery to irradiation by the LGI-21 pulsed ultraviolet laser (λ=337 nm) was studied by intravital microscopy. The diameter of the laser beam varied from 2 to 100 μ. The processes studied were recorded and analyzed by a photographic and videorecording method. Depending on the intensity and duration, irradiation caused either an increase in permeability of the vessel walls, or thrombus formation, or hemorrhage. Besides injury to the vessel wall, an important role in thrombus formation was played by factors appearing on destruction of erythrocytes and other blood cells. The change in diameter and permeability of the vessels during laser irradiation of the mast cells could be associated with liberation of the histamine and serotonin contained in them.
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  • 16
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 357-359 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: microcirculation ; mesentery ; velocity of blood flow ; resistance to blood flow ; architectonics of the vascular system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The blood-flow distribution was studied in 49 bifurcations of arterial trunks 25.7 μ in diameter into branches 0.9 μ in diameter in the mesentery ofR. temporaria. The flow was calculated as the product of the linear velocity of blood flow and the area of cross-section of the vessel. The linear velocity was measured by impulse digital chronometry of the erythrocyte transit time, and the geometry of the bifurcation was studied in intravital photographs. The asymmetrical structure of the bifurcation was established: One branch had a lumen 2.2 times greater than the other, and a smaller angle of turn (29° and 59°). The flow into branch I was 3 times greater than the flow into branch II, as the result of its larger lumen and the greater linear velocity of the blood flow. According to calculations, the specific resistance of turn of the branch was negligible compared with the total resistance to its blood flow; hence it follows that the angle of turn of the branches is not an important regulator of the blood volume flowing through it. The correlation found experimentally between the blood flow in the branches, their radius, and their angle of turn is well described by equations of an “optimal” model of vascular ramification.
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  • 17
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Graphitrohröfen, Präzision u. Richtigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Kupfer, Kupfersalzen ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Ausfällen der Matrix als CuS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der Elementspuren Cd, Co, Fe, In, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl und Zn in reinem Kupfer und Kupfersalzen wird die Matrix als CuS mit Thioacetamid als Fällungsreagens ausgefällt. In 3 N salzsaurer Lösung werden die Elemente mit Ausbeuten ≥ 90 %, Tl zu 75 %, im Filtrat wiedergefunden. Nach Zusatz von HNO3 und Einengen des Filtrats, erhält man ein praktisch rückstandsfreies Spurenkonzentrat, in dem die angereicherten Elemente durch Flammen-Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie bestimmt werden. Die relative Standardabweichung s/¯x liegt im allgemeinen bei Werten um 0,03. Für Einwaagen von 1 g Kupfer werden Nachweisgrenzen erzielt, die, je nach Element, zwischen 0,2 und 3 ppm liegen.
    Notes: Abstract For the determination of traces of elements such as Cd, Co, Fe, In, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl and Zn in pure copper and copper salts the matrix is precipitated as CuS using thioacetamide as precipitating reagent. In solutions containing 3 N hydrochloric acid, the recovery of the elements is ≥90 % (Tl 75%). By addition of HNO3 and evaporation of the filtrate to dryness a trace concentrate is received which is practically free of a salt residue and in which the preconcentrated elements are determined by flame AAS. The relative standard deviation s/¯x is generally about 0.03. Using samples of 1 g of copper the limit of detection for different elements was found to be between 0.2 and 3 ppm.
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  • 19
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Arsen in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; flammenlos, Müllsickerwasser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cadmium in Bleidioxid, Vanadiumpentoxid, Uranoctoxid ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Laserverdampfung, Rasteranalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine flammenlose Methode für die AAS wird beschrieben, die zur Mikro- und Lokalanalyse von Festkörpern eingesetzt werden kann. Die Verdampfung ausgewählter Probenbereiche erfolgt mit einem Ionen-Dauerstrichlaser. Die Cadmiumgehalte in V2O5-, PbO2- und U3O8-Proben, die unterschiedliche Cadmiumkonzentrationen enthalten, werden bestimmt. Die verdampfte Substanzmenge pro Messung beträgt ca. 1 μg, die aus einer Probenfläche von ca. 0,008 mm2 erhalten wird. Die Empfindlichkeit für die Cadmiumbestimmung beträgt 2,1 · 109 g Cd/1% Absorption und die Nachweisgrenze 4,8 · 10−10 g Cd. Als ein Anwendungsbeispiel folgt die Beschreibung und Auswertung einer Mikrorasteranalyse: von einer 14 mm2 Probenfläche wird aus 57 Einzelmeßwerten ein Konzentrationsprofil des Dotierungselementes ermittelt. Dafür werden zwei graphische Darstellungen vorgeschlagen. Vorteile des Verfahrens werden durch Vergleich mit bisher bekannten Techniken erläutert.
    Notes: Abstract A flameless method for AAS is described, which can be used for micro- and local analysis of solid samples. The evaporation of chosen areas of the sample is achieved with a continuous wave ion laser. The evaporated mass of each measurement is about 1 μg, which comes from an area of 0.008 mm2 from the surface of the specimen. The cadmium contents of samples of vanadium, lead and uranium oxides containing different concentrations of cadmium were determined. The sensitivity of the cadmium analysis is 2.1 · 10−9 g of Cd/1% absorption and the detection limit is found to be 4.8 · 10−10 g of cadmium. The description and interpretation of a raster microanalysis as an application of this method follows: 57 point measurements from an area of 14 mm2 are used to construct concentration contours of the doping element. Two graphic representations are suggested. The advantages of this method are compared with other known techniques.
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  • 21
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 347-349 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; ohne Wägung, auf See
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um das auf See problematische Einwiegen von Erzproben zur Analyse durch Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie zu umgehen, wird eine indirekte Ermittlung der eingesetzten Probemenge durch die Bestimmung eines „Leitelementes“ mittels Isotopfluorescenzanalyse erprobt. Am Beispiel von Manganknollen des Pazifischen Ozeans, die 15–30% Mn, 0,5–1,5% Ni und Cu enthalten, wird gezeigt, daß sich die beiden zuletzt genannten Elemente auf diese Weise mit einer Genauigkeit von besser als 10% rel. bestimmen lassen.
    Notes: Abstract The weighing of ore samples to be analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry is somewhat problematical at sea. To evade the weighing, tests have been made to try out an indirect determination of the mass of the sample by determining a “reference element” by means of isotope fluorescence analysis. The analysis of manganese nodules from the Pacific Ocean, containing 15–30% of Mn and 0.5–1.5% of Ni and Cu, is quoted as an illustration. It has been shown that the two latter elements can be determined in this way with an accuracy of at least 10% rel.
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  • 22
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; vereinfachte Additionsmethode, Korrekturprogramm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein vereinfachtes Verfahren der Additionsmethode in der Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie wird beschrieben. Bei diesem vereinfachten Verfahren werden die Bestimmungen sämtlicher Elemente in einer einzigen Probe durchgeführt. Die Auswertung und die dazu notwendigen Korrekturen werden mit Hilfe eines Computerprogramms vorgenommen. Das beschriebene Verfahren liefert gute Ergebnisse bei geringem Arbeitsaufwand.
    Notes: Abstract With this simplified method all determinations of all the elements are carried out in only one probe. The errors are corrected by a computer program. With the method described good results can be obtained with little expenditure of work.
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  • 23
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Verwendung von Glykolmethacrylat zur Spurenanalyse ; Gele mit Hydroxychinolin ; Best. von Kupfer, Eisen, Mangan, Blei in Ammoniumfluorid ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; flammenlos, Glykolmethacrylatgel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hydrophile makroporöse Copolymere von Glykolmethacrylat mit Glykolmonomethacrylat mit über eine Azogruppe gebundenem 8-Hydroxychinolin zeichnen sich durch eine rasche Gleichgewichtseinstellung bei Austauschprozessen aus (2–5 min). Die Sorptionsisothermen von Pb2+ und Cu2+ wurden gemessen (Sorptionsvermögen 0,2–0,3 mMol Me/g). Die Verteilungskoeffizienten für Pb2+ und Cu2+ sinken von etwa l05 auf 102 bei 90% iger Sättigung. Die Anwendung von Mikrokolonnen (0,02 ml Gesamtvolumen des Austauschers) zur Abtrennung und Anreicherung von Schwermetallspuren in ng-Mengen für die nachfolgende flammenlose Atomabsorption wurde vorgeschlagen. Als Beispiel wird die Bestimmung von Cu, Fe, Mn und Pb (5×10−7–5×10−5%) in Ammoniumfluorid beschrieben.
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophilic macroporous glycolmethacrylate-glycolmonomethacrylate copolymers with 8-hydroxyquinoline, bound via the azo-group, possess a high equilibration rate for exchange processes (2–5 min). The sorption isotherms of Pb2+ and Cu2+ have been studied (sorption capacity of 0.2–0.3 mMol · g−1. The partition coefficients for Pb2+ and Cu2+ (about 105 for unsaturated exchanger) are lowered in dependence of the exchanger saturation (about 102 for 90% saturation). The use of microcolumns (total volume of the exchanger 0.02 ml) for the separation and enrichment of traces of heavy metals in ng-amounts for the subsequent flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy is proposed. The determination of Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb (5×10−7 to 5x10−5%) in a high purity ammonium fluoride is described as an example.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Platin ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß von Pd, Rh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die AAS-Bestimmung von Platin wird von zahlreichen Elementen zum Teil sehr stark gestört. Durch Zusatz von Uran kann der Einfluß von Palladium und Rhodium mit Hilfe quadratischer Korrekturgleichungen beseitigt werden. Lanthan ist als Puffer ungeeignet.
    Notes: Abstract There are a number of serious interferences in the determination of platinum by atomicabsorption spectrometry. The influences of palladium and rhodium have been investigated. It is shown that they can be eliminated by an addition of uranium and by quadratic correction equations. Addition of lanthanum is not suitable.
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  • 25
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 299-299 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Silber in Kupfer ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Extraktion
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  • 26
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 291-294 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Rhodium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß von Pt und Pd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der atomabsorptionsspektroskopischen Rhodiumbestimmung ist gering. Verglichen mit den Elementen Pt und Pd sind die Meßwerte bei Abwesenheit von Fremdionen am genauesten. Der Zusatz von Uran oder Lanthan als spektroskopische Puffer erhöht die Empfindlichkeit. Der von Palladium und Platin verursachte Störeinfluß kann nicht mit quadratischen Korrekturgleichungen eliminiert werden. Zur Unterdrückung des Einflusses eignet sich Uran als Puffersubstanz am besten. Mit dem Pufferzusatz kann der verbleibende Einfluß mit Korrekturgleichungen korrigiert werden.
    Notes: Summary The influence on the determination of rhodium is only slight. In comparison with the elements Pt and Pd the measurements are most exact in the absence of foreign ions. Addition of uranium or lanthanum as spectroscopic buffers causes an increase in sensitivity. The interfering effects of palladium and platinum cannot be eliminated by correcting equations. However, with the addition of uranium as a buffer the effects are minimized and the remaining influence can be corrected by means of equations.
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  • 27
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 300-300 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zink, Cadmium, Wismut in Kupfer ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Extraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Arsen, Antimon, Selen ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Vergleich d. Reduktion mit Zn/SnCl2/KJ oder NaBH4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method for the rapid and sensitive determination of arsenic, antimony, and selenium with the hydride-argon/hydrogen flame system has been studied. The comparison of the zinc tablet combined with stannous chloride and potassium iodide, and the sodium borohydride tablet reduction systems are described. The sensitivities and precisions of both reduction systems are estimated to be nearly the same. From the results of the comprehensive study on interferences, the zinc system is concluded to be more selective than the sodium borohydride system, which is especially true for arsenic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein atomabsorptionsspektralphotometrisches Verfahren zur raschen und empfindlichen Bestimmung von Arsen, Antimon und Selen über ihre Hydride unter Verwendung der Argon-Wasserstoff-Flamme wurde im Hinblick auf die Reduktionssysteme untersucht. Die Verwendung von Zinktabletten in Kombination mit Zinn(II)-chlorid und Kaliumjodid sowie von Natriumborhydridtabletten wurde geprüft und gefunden, daß in bezug auf Empfindlichkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit keine nennenswerten Unterschiede bestehen. Das Zinksystem bietet jedoch eine bessere Selektivität, besonders im Falle von Arsen.
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  • 29
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 21-23 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Cadmium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Anreicherung der Spuren durch partielles Lösen der Matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Reinst-Cadmium können durch partielles Lösen der Matrix die Elementspuren Ag, Au, Bi, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Ni, Pb, Pd und Sn angereichert werden. Dazu werden die Proben mit einem dünnen Quecksilberfilm überzogen und in Bromwasserstoffsäure bis auf einen kleinen Rest gelöst. Die im Löserückstand angereicherten Spuren werden durch Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie bestimmt. Die relativen Standardabweichungen betragen etwa 0,05; die Anreicherungsausbeuten sind 〉 95%. Bei Einwaagen von 10 g Cadmium beträgt der Anreicherungsfaktor etwa 102; die Nachweisgrenzen (3σ-Grenzen) liegen um 0,1 ppm. Der Einfluß der Lösebedingungen auf die Anreicherung wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Trace elements such as Ag, Au, Bi, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Ni, Pb, Pd, and Sn can be preconcentrated from high-purity cadmium by partial dissolution of the matrix. The samples are coated by a thin film of mercury and dissolved in hydrobromic acid up to a small residue. In this residue the trace elements are enriched with recoveries of more than 95%. The elements are determined by AAS. For 10 g Cd the factor of enrichment is about 102, and the limits of detection are in the range of 0.1 ppm. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be about 5%. Reasons influencing the recovery of the trace elements are discussed.
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  • 30
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chrom ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Einfluß der Wertigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Intensität des flammenabsorptionsspektrometrischen Cr-Signals hängt in einer sehr komplexen Weise von der Wertigkeit des Chroms und der Flammentemperatur ab. Ferner ist ein ausgeprägter Kalium-Einfluß vorhanden. Alle diese Schwierigkeiten können am besten dadurch eliminiert werden, daß in der Lachgasflamme gearbeitet und die Analysenlösung mit einer höheren K-Konzentration „gepuffert“ wird.
    Notes: Abstract The intensity of the chromium signal in AAS depends in a very complex manner strongly on the valency of the Cr and the flame temperature. It is furthermore influenced by potassium, if present. The best way to overcome all these interferences is to use the nitrous oxide flame and to “buffer” the solution with a higher concentration of potassium.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Arsen als Hydrid ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Maskierung von Störungen mit KJ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 32
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 102-103 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natrium, Kalium ; Spektralphotometrie, Flammenemission ; Best. von Calcium, Magnesium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Optimierung von Meßbedingungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eingehende Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Leistungsfähigkeit der Atomabsorptionsspektroskopie gewöhnlich nicht optimal genutzt wird. Der Einfluß wesentlicher Größen, wie Viscosität, Temperatur, Salzkonzentrationen, Oberflächenspannung usw. wird untersucht bzw. anhand der Hagen-Poiseuilleschen Gleichung diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Detailed tests have been made to show the efficiency of a modern atomic absorption spectrometer. The influence of different parameters as: viscosity, temperature, concentration of salts, surface tension etc., is discussed on the basis of Hagen-Poiseuille's equation.
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  • 34
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 359-364 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Palladium neben Platin, Rhodium ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die atomabsorptionsspektroskopische Palladiumbestimmung wird vom Platin nicht und vom Rhodium nur wenig beeinflußt. Berücksichtigt man, daß ein Zusatz von Uran die Palladiumbestimmung neben Rhodium desaktiviert, so liegen allgemein die günstigsten Bedingungen für die Palladiumbestimmung vor, wenn Lanthan als spektroskopischer Puffer zugesetzt wird. Korrekturgleichungen werden gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The atomic-absorption determination of Pd is not affected by Pt, but there is a small influence by Rh. The aim of this investigation is to determine these effects quantitatively, furthermore under the releasing effects of uranium and lanthanum. Equations to correct the results are given.
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  • 35
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei, Cadmium in Wein ; Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption ; Extraktionsmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The insolubility of sugars and fruit acids in MIBK allows the direct extraction of heavy metals by APDC from wine and similar products. With special precautions an accuracy of /+-5% can be obtained for Pb and Cd in the concentration range from 0.1–1 ppm and 1–10 ppb, respectively. Together with our experiences a brief survey of the most recent literature is also presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Unlöslichkeit der Zucker und Fruchtsäuren in MIBK erlaubt die Direktextraktion von Schwermetallionen mittels APDC aus Wein und ähnlichen Produkten. Unter Beachtung besonderer Vorsichtsmaßnahmen wird für Pb im Bereich von 0,1–1 ppm und für Cd im Bereich 1–10 ppb eine Genauigkeit von ± 5% erhalten. Gleichzeitig wird zusammen mit unseren Erfahrungen ein kurzer Überblick über die neueste Literatur gegeben.
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