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  • Other Sources  (170)
  • ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)  (169)
  • ddc:553.21
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (170)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1976  (170)
  • 1
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    Progress Report on Project Mercury (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Progress on Project Mercury, program for manned orbital space flight, is briefly reviewed. The original aims and concepts of the project are recounted. Various types of launch apparatus are mentioned along with safety factors.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 6 p
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  • 2
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    Guidelines for advanced manned space vehicle program, June 1960 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A very broad mission objective was established; i.e., manned circumlunar flight and return to earth. It is implicit that the Saturn will be the primary propulsion system for this mission. The following attempts to: (1) define the objective so as to achieve as much capability in the vehicle as possible; (2) draw on Mercury experience to provide broad guidelines for vehicle performance and safety; (3) provide flexibility in the vehicle capability in the event that the manned lunar mission is proved to be subject to unacceptable risk in the target time period; and (4) indicate problem areas where work appears to be particularly needed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 66 p
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  • 3
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    Zero-G processing of magnets experiment MA-070 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Solidification of magnetic materials in the low gravity orbital environment was studied. The magnetic compounds under study, manganese bismuth and copper cobalt cerium ((Cu, Co)5Ce), both have the potential for the development of high coercive strength. Preliminary results indicate that static fluid configurations, in the absence of the gravitational body force, differ substantially from the documented terrestrial behavior. Chemical homogeneity is substantially enhanced on a macroscopic and microscopic level. Single crystal matrices have been grown in the coordinated growth regions of the flight samples. Primary crystals one order of magnitude greater than those grown terrestrially have been noted and are limited in size by the ampoule dimensions.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 13 p
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  • 4
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    Cometary nucleus release experiments and ice physics (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Some physical and chemical processes involved in the evaporation and sublimation of mixtures of frozen gases are discussed. Effects of zero gravity, vacuum, and solar radiation are emphasized. Relevant experiments that can be carried out with the aid of the space shuttle are proposed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 137-141
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  • 5
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    Simulation of a cometary conglomerate of frozen gases and dust in a zero-gravity environment: A critical evaluation of possible space experiments (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is proposed to use the Shuttle (OFT experiments) or eventually Spacelab to study, in the absence of gravity the low velocity accretion and the bulk properties of icy conglomerates simulating cometary material and their sedimentation and bulk properties in very small acceleration fields. Their behavior when exposed to the direct solar flux is also under consideration.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 99-117
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  • 6
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    Space shuttle opportunities for cometary research (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The different modes of cometary investigation offered by the shuttle are reviewed. First, there is a mode in which instrumentation for observations of a natural comet is carried to orbit on Spacelab. Second is a mode in which gaseous or solid material is released from the shuttle to simulate some aspect of cometary physics. Another mode uses the near weightlessness within Spacelab to allow laboratory experiments with materials as they may exist on the surface of a comet nucleus.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 5-6
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  • 7
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    Solar photochemistry using the space shuttle (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A continuing source of difficulty in cometary astrophysics is understanding the origin of C2, C3, NH and CO(+) species in comets. An experiment is proposed to investigate these problems by continuously releasing suspected parent gases from the space shuttle and using a dye laser to selectively excite fragments produced as a result of solar photochemical decomposition of the molecules. The backscattered fluorescence is gathered by a telescope, spectrally filtered, and measured as a function of time after the laser pulse.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 118-136
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  • 8
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    Review comments of shuttle-based cometary experiments (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The experiments considered are in two groups: on-board experiments and overboard experiments. The on-board experiments include the determination of bulk properties and processes (within solids) and observations of exposure panels (near surface phenomena) The overboard experiments consist of analysis of gas/dust shells by observation from the shuttle and observation by sub-satellites. Experimental parameters are discussed with emphasis on work that is unique to low gravity and high vacuum environments.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 160-166
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  • 9
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    Quantitative determination of zero-gravity effects on crystal growth from the melt (experiment MA-060) (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The purpose of experiment MA-060 was to investigate quantitatively the effects of near-zero gravity conditions on crystal growth and dopant segregation during directional solidification from the melt. Gallium-doped germanium single crystals were successfully grown from the melt with simultaneous interface demarcation during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission. The analysis of the experimental data indicates striking differences of dopant segregation and growth behavior in the presence and absence of gravity. The results obtained are believed to have far-reaching implications on materials processing under zero-gravity conditions and on the theory of crystal growth and segregation in general.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA Mater. Sci. in Space; p 181-187
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  • 10
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    Space processing payload experiment requirements (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An overview is given of the definition of research requirements and derivation of engineering design requirements for a group of 77 representative applications of space processing. Representative requirements are documented for applied research in space on biological processes, chemical/fluid phenomena, solidification processes, and glass/ceramics processes. Design requirements for payload equipment to accommodate these research requirements are presented in engineering terms, such as power requirements, schematic diagrams, etc. In addition, a summary of the 77 applied research topics is included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA Mater. Sci. in Space; p 87-113
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  • 11
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    Crystal growth from the vapour phase (ASTP experiment MA-085) (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The positive effects of microgravity on crystal quality and fundamental properties of the vapor transport reaction were established by analyzing the results of three transport experiments on multi-component systems performed during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. The systems employed were GeSe(0.99)Te(0.01) - GeI4 (A), GeS(0.98)Se(0.02) - GeCl4 (B), and GeS - GeCl4-Ar (C). The crystallographic analysis is based on a direct comparison of space and ground-based (prototype) crystals, employing X-ray diffraction, microprobe, microscopic, and chemical etching techniques. The results demonstrate a considerable improvement of the space-grown crystals in terms of chemical and crystalline homogeneity, surface morphology, and bulk perfection relative to ground specimens. The confirmation of greater mass transport rates than predicted for micro-gravity by present vapor transport models is of basic scientific and practical importance for the improvement of transport models and techniques on earth and for the development of a transport model for space conditions. The internal consistency and agreement between ASTP and Skylab results obtained for different compounds, transport agents, and temperature gradients strongly support the validity of these observations. The combined findings of improved crystal quality and high mass transport rates are of technological significance for space-processing applications.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA Mater. Sci. in Space; p 189-206
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  • 12
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    Summary of the pre-ASTP results (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A general overview of materials experiments done on several Apollo missions and Skylab as well as the ground research that led to these experiments is given. Demonstrations of composite solidification, electrophoresis, and fluid flow were developed for Apollo. Fourteen different experiments in metal processing and single crystal growth were done in the space processing facility on Skylab. Metals were melted and solidified in a variety of configurations using different methods of heating to produce improved alloys and composite materials. Single crystals were grown by directional solidification and vapor transport to achieve uniform crystalline perfection, decreased structural defects, and homogeneity of the dopant material.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA Mater. Sci. in Space; p 19-26
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  • 13
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    Molecular shield - An orbiting low-density materials laboratory (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of a molecular shield orbited at 200 km utilizes the kinetic theory of a drifting Maxwellian gas, applied to a hemispherical shell geometry containing internal sources. The molecular shield provides very low gas density conditions for materials experiments at low gravity, while the hemispherical geometry minimizes the internal surface/volume ratio. Deployment of the shield in orbit is described. Contributions to density by shield outgassing, by experiment outgassing, and by interaction with the orbiter are discussed separately. A jettisonable closure plate sealing the hemisphere minimizes any risk of experiment contamination during deployment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 13; May-June
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  • 14
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    Developing space occupancy - Perspectives on NASA future space programme planning (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA planning aspects of potential future manned space flight missions are examined and the necessity of long-range planning is pointed out. A listing of desirable future activities is considered, taking into account the permanent occupancy of near-earth orbit space, the permanent occupancy of earth-moon space, the full self-sufficiency of man in geolunar space, and the permanent occupancy of heliocentric space. The technological requirements for the considered activities are discussed, giving attention to transportation, habitation, engineering technology, life sciences, operations technology, and advanced management concepts. A description of future program phasing and advanced studies requirements is also given.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: British Interplanetary Society; vol. 29
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  • 15
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    Estimates of nitric oxide production for lifting spacecraft reentry (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approximate analysis to estimate the quantity of nitric oxide that could be formed in the wake of a reentering lifting spacecraft is reported. Three different approaches are undertaken: two simplified analytical models utilizing the sudden-freezing concept named the 'trailing-edge-freezing' and 'wake-freezing' approximations, and a computer calculation involving numerical integration of chemical rate equations. The three methods predict a maximum nitric oxide production equivalent to 6, 9.5 and 8% of the mass of the spacecraft, respectively. Thus, the amount of nitric oxide expected to be produced by future space activities is negligibly small compared with that produced by the natural processes.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Atmospheric Environment; 10; 4, 19; 1976
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  • 16
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    The capture of lunar materials ejected into deep space (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Special Session of the Seventh Annual Lunar Science Conference on Utilization of Lunar Materials and Expertise for Large Scale Operations in Space; p 162-164
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  • 17
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    Free-fall trajectories from the Moon to the Lagrangian equilibrium points (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Special Session of the Seventh Annual Lunar Science Conference on Utilization of Lunar Materials and Expertise for Large Scale Operations in Space; p 158-159
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  • 18
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    Shuttle-based observations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Progress in science in relation to the space shuttle is reported. Several studies on the uses of the space shuttle and Spacelab are highlighted. A review of the activities of the Shuttle Spacelab Payloads Project Office are presented. The activities cover such fields as solar physics, astronomy with optical instruments, high energy astrophysics, atmospheric research and magnetospheric physics, and Earth observational studies.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 193-197
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  • 19
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    Spectroscopy of small cometary particles (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Knowledge of chemical composition derived from the spectroscopy of small cometary meteoroids when they enter the Earth's atmosphere at high velocity and become visible as meteors is briefly summarized. For statistically reliable results it is necessary to have a large number of observations and this requires the photography of relatively faint meteors, which are considerably more numerous than the bright fireballs. The improvement in observational techniques and cameras has made it possible to extend the range of spectrographic data from cometary particles of mass between a kilogram and a gram down to those of only 0.01 or 0.001 grams in mass. The corresponding increase in the number-value of the statistics was from less than 100 data points to several 1000.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 150-159
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  • 20
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    A scheme for transport of lunar materials to utilization sites in Earth orbit (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Special Session of the Seventh Annual Lunar Science Conference on Utilization of Lunar Materials and Expertise for Large Scale Operations in Space; p 165-172
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  • 21
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    Life Science Payloads Planning Study Integration Facility Survey: Executive Summary (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analyses of proposed life science shuttle era payload operations are discussed. A summary of results from a survey conducted to: (1) examine facility and equipment resources needed for life science payload integration, checkout, test and mission support activities; (2) identify presently available resources; and (3) determine methods by which operational era status may be implemented based on currently available resources, is presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-160391 , MDC-G6579
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  • 22
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    Life science payloads planning study integration facility survey results (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The integration facility survey effort described is structured to examine the facility resources needed to conduct life science payload (LSP) integration checkout activities at NASA-JSC. The LSP integration facility operations and functions are defined along with the LSP requirements for facility design. A description of available JSC life science facilities is presented and a comparison of accommodations versus requirements is reported.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-160390 , MDC-G6275
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  • 23
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    Dust content and particle release experiments (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Since dust particles are carried away from a comet nucleus by sublimating ices the effects from the ambient Earth's atmosphere on shuttle-based simulation experiments at lower altitudes are of the same concern to the studies of the dust behavior as they are to the investigation of the volatile component. Also, since the experimental modeling could realistically be performed on a linear scale that is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than required by the true conditions in comets, severe problems of extrapolation may arise in the interpretation of some of the simulation results. Subject to these limitations, future dust-release experiments made on artificial comets could prove fruitful, as they would test the correctness of the understanding of the fundamental properties of the dust emission mechanism in comets, and at the same time insight into the behavior of dust particles after expulsion would be gained.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Sci. Workshop; p 142-149
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  • 24
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    Abort Region Determinator (ARD) module feasibility report. Mission planning, mission analysis and software formulation (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A detailed performance evaluation of the Abort Region Determinator (ARD) module design was provided in support of OFT-1 ascent and OFT-1 intact launch aborts. The evaluation method used compared ARD results against results obtained using the full-up Space Vehicle Dynamic Simulations program under the same conditions. Results were presented for each of the three major ARD math models: (1) the ascent numerical integrator; (2) the mass model, and (3) the second stage predictor as well as the total ARD module. These results demonstrate that the baselined ARD module meets all design objectives for mission control center orbital flight test launch/abort support.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-151580 , HAD-1.4-274 , REPT-1.4-4-33
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  • 25
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    Laser driven light sails: An examination of the possibilities for interstellar probes and other missions (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A theoretical discussion of high energy laser propelled light sails is presented. Selection of sail materials, interstellar drag forces, beam pointing, flight velocity, probe mass, and radiation shielding are among the factors discussed. Interstellar probe missions and colonization of the solar system via the light sail are considered.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-157362 , WJSA-76-26
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  • 26
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    Space station systems analysis study, program review (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mission selection, operational solar power, and public service platform of the space station systems analysis study program are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-150764
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  • 27
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    Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000). Volume 3: Detailed data. Part 1: Catalog of initiatives, functional options, and future environments and goals (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The following areas were discussed in relation to a study of the commonality of space vehicle applications to future national needs: (1) index of initiatives (civilian observation, communication, support), brief illustrated description of each initiative, time periods (from 1980 to 2000+) for implementation of these initiatives; (2) data bank of functional system options, presented in the form of data sheets, one for each of the major functions, with the system option for near-term, midterm, and far-term space projects applicable to each subcategory of functions to be fulfilled; (3) table relating initiatives and desired goals (public service and humanistic, materialistic, scientific and intellectual); and (4) data on size, weight and cost estimations.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148710 , ATR-76(7365)-1-VOL-3-PT-1
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  • 28
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    Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000). Volume 4: Detailed data. Part 2: Program plans and common support needs (a study of the commonality of space vehicle applications to future national needs (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The methodology of alternate world future scenarios is utilized for selecting a plausible, though not advocated, set of future scenarios each of which results in a program plan appropriate for the respective environment. Each such program plan gives rise to different building block and technology requirements, which are analyzed for common need between the NASA and the DoD for each of the alternate world scenarios. An essentially invariant set of system, building block, and technology development plans is presented at the conclusion, intended to allow protection of most of the options for system concepts regardless of what the actual future world environment turns out to be. Thus, building block and technology needs are derived which support: (1) each specific world scenario; (2) all the world scenarios identified in this study; or (3) generalized scenarios applicable to almost any future environment. The output included in this volume consists of the building blocks, i.e.: transportation vehicles, orbital support vehicles, and orbital support facilities; the technology required to support the program plans; identification of their features which could support the DoD and NASA in common; and a complete discussion of the planning methodology.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148708 , ATR-76(7365)-1-VOL-4-PT-2
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  • 29
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    Atmospheric cloud physics laboratory project study (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Engineering studies were performed for the Zero-G Cloud Physics Experiment liquid cooling and air pressure control systems. A total of four concepts for the liquid cooling system was evaluated, two of which were found to closely approach the systems requirements. Thermal insulation requirements, system hardware, and control sensor locations were established. The reservoir sizes and initial temperatures were defined as well as system power requirements. In the study of the pressure control system, fluid analyses by the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory were performed to determine flow characteristics of various orifice sizes, vacuum pump adequacy, and control systems performance. System parameters predicted in these analyses as a function of time include the following for various orifice sizes: (1) chamber and vacuum pump mass flow rates, (2) the number of valve openings or closures, (3) the maximum cloud chamber pressure deviation from the allowable, and (4) cloud chamber and accumulator pressure.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-149956
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  • 30
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    Thermal and convection analyses of the dendrite remelting rocket experiment; Experiment 74-21 in the space processing rocket program (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Dendrite Remelting Rocket Experiment was performed aboard a Black Brant VC Sounding Rocket during a period which gravity levels of approximately 0.00001 g prevailed. The experiment consisted of cooling an aqueous ammonium chloride solution in a manner such that crystallization of ammonium chloride crystals proceeded throughout a three minute period of zero-g. The crystallization process during flight was recorded on 35 mm panatomic-x film. A number of ground crystallizations were similarly recorded for comparison purposes. The convective and thermal conditions in aqueous and metallic liquid systems were assessed under conditions of the flight experiment to help establish the relevance of the rocket experiment to metals casting phenomena. The results indicate that aqueous or metallic convective velocities in the Dendrite Remelting Rocket Experiment cell are of insignificant magnitudes at the 0.0001 to 0.00001 g levels of the experiment. The crystallization phenomena observed in the Rocket Experiment, therefore, may be indicative of how metals will solidify in low-g.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-149920 , LMSC-HREC-TR-D496847
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  • 31
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    Apollo experience report environmental acceptance testing (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Environmental acceptance testing was used extensively to screen selected spacecraft hardware for workmanship defects and manufacturing flaws. The minimum acceptance levels and durations and methods for their establishment are described. Component selection and test monitoring, as well as test implementation requirements, are included. Apollo spacecraft environmental acceptance test results are summarized, and recommendations for future programs are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8271 , JSC-S-458
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  • 32
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    Apollo experience report guidance and control systems (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo guidance and control systems for both the command module and the lunar module are described in a summary report. General functional requirements are discussed, and general functional descriptions of the various subsystems and their interfaces are provided. The differences between the original in-flight maintenance concept and the final lunar-orbital-rendezvous concept are discussed, and the background in philosophy, the system development, and the reasons for the change in concept are chronologically presented. Block diagrams showing the command module guidance and control system under each concept are included. Significant conclusions and recommendations contained in more detailed reports on specific areas of the guidance and control systems are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8249 , JSC-S-418
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  • 33
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    Zero-gravity growth of NaF-NaCl eutectics in the NASA Skylab program (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Continuous and discontinuous NaF fibers, embedded in a NaCl matrix, were produced in space and on earth. The production of continuous fibers in a eutectic mixture is attributed to the absence of convection current in the liquid during solidification in space. Image transmission and optical transmittance measurements of transverse sections of the space-grown and earth-grown ingots were made with a light microscope and a spectrometer. It is shown that better optical properties were obtained from samples grown in space. This was attributed to a better alignment of NaF fibers along the ingot axis. A new concept is advanced to explain the phenomenon of transmittance versus far infrared wavelength of the directionally solidified NaCl-NaF eutectic in terms of the two-dimensional Bragg Scattering and the polarization effect of Rayleigh scattering. This concept can be applied to other eutectic systems as long as the index of refraction of the matrix over a range of wavelengths is known. Experimental data are in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-144311 , UCLA-ENG-7609
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  • 34
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    Set covering algorithm, a subprogram of the scheduling algorithm for mission planning and logistic evaluation (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program using Lemke, Salkin and Spielberg's Set Covering Algorithm (SCA) to optimize a traffic model problem in the Scheduling Algorithm for Mission Planning and Logistics Evaluation (SAMPLE) was documented. SCA forms a submodule of SAMPLE and provides for input and output, subroutines, and an interactive feature for performing the optimization and arranging the results in a readily understandable form for output.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-147551 , LEC-6842 , JSC-09950
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  • 35
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    Space processing of crystalline materials: A study of known methods of electrical characterization of semiconductors: Bibliography (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A selective bibliography is given on electrical characterization techniques for semiconductors. Emphasis is placed on noncontacting techniques for the standard electrical parameters for monitoring crystal growth in space, preferably in real time with high resolution.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-144187
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  • 36
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    Extended analysis of Skylab experiment M558 data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A careful review of the data from Skylab M558 was made in an effort to explain the apparent anomaly of the existence of radial concentration gradients whereas none should bave been observed. The very close modelling of the experimental axial concentration profiles by the unsteady-state one-dimensional solution of Fick's Law of self-diffusion in liquid zinc, and the condition of initial uniform concentration in the radioactive pellet portion of the experimental specimens would have precluded the appearance of such radial concentration gradients. Statistical analyses were used to test the significance of the observed deviation from radial-concentration homogeneity. A student t-distribution test of significance showed that, at 90% or even at 80% level of significance, there were no significant deviations from uniformity in radial concentrations. It was also concluded that the two likely causes of any deviation that existed were the zinc to zinc-65 bonding procedure and surface phenomena such as surface tension and capillary action.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-149958
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  • 37
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    Solution of the exact equations for three-dimensional atmospheric entry using directly matched asymptotic expansions (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The problem of determining the trajectories, partially or wholly contained in the atmosphere of a spherical, nonrotating planet, is considered. The exact equations of motion for three-dimensional, aerodynamically affected flight are derived. Modified Chapman variables are introduced and the equations are transformed into a set suitable for analytic integration using asymptotic expansions. The trajectory is solved in two regions: the outer region, where the force may be considered a gravitational field with aerodynamic perturbations, and the inner region, where the force is predominantly aerodynamic, with gravity as a perturbation. The two solutions are matched directly. A composite solution, valid everywhere, is constructed by additive composition. This approach of directly matched asymptotic expansions applied to the exact equations of motion couched in terms of modified Chapman variables yields an analytical solution which should prove to be a powerful tool for aerodynamic orbit calculations.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-2643
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  • 38
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    Apollo experience report: Detection and minimization of ignition hazards from water/glycol contamination of silver-clad electrical circuitry (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The potential flammability hazard when a water/glycol solution contacts defectively insulated silver-clad copper circuitry or electrical components carrying a direct current is described. The chemical reactions and means for detecting them are explained. Methods for detecting and cleaning contaminated areas and the use of inhibitors to arrest chemical reactivity are also explained. Preventive measures to minimize hazards are given. Photomicrographs of the chemical reactions occurring on silver clad wires are also included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8177 , JSC-S-449
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  • 39
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    Results of Skylab experiment T00-2, manual navigation sightings (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analysis of navigation data collected using a hand-held space sextant on the second and third manned Skylab missions was presented. From performance data and astronaut comments it was determined that: (1) the space sextant, the sighting station, and the sighting techniques require modification; (2) the sighting window must be of good optical quality; (3) astronaut performance was stable over long mission time; and (4) sightings made with a hand-held sextant were accurate and precise enough for reliable interplanetary manual navigation.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8141 , A-6207
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  • 40
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    Apollo experiment S-217 IR/radar study of Apollo data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experiment using Earth based remote sensing radar, infrared eclipse, and color difference data to deduce surface properties not visible in Apollo photography is reported. The Earth based data provided information on the small scale (centimeter sized) blockiness and on the surface chemical composition (titanium and iron contents) of the lunar surface. These deduced surface properties complemented the new Apollo photography, leading to refined geologic interpretations of the lunar surface.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148841 , JPL-TM-33-787
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  • 41
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    Apollo experience report: Command and service module controls and displays subsystem (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A review of the command and service module controls and displays subsystem is presented. The subsystem is described, and operational requirements, component history, problems and solutions, and conclusions and recommendations for the subsystem are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8301 , JSC-S-463
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  • 42
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    Apollo experience report: Real-time display system (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The real time display system used in the Apollo Program is described; the systematic organization of the system, which resulted from hardware/software trade-offs and the establishment of system criteria, is emphasized. Each basic requirement of the real time display system was met by a separate subsystem. The computer input multiplexer subsystem, the plotting display subsystem, the digital display subsystem, and the digital television subsystem are described. Also described are the automated display design and the generation of precision photographic reference slides required for the three display subsystems.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8316 , JSC-S-461
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  • 43
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    Mission planning, mission analysis and software formulation. Level C requirements for the shuttle mission control center orbital guidance software (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The formulation of Level C requirements for guidance software was reported. Requirements for a PEG supervisor which controls all input/output interfaces with other processors and determines which PEG mode is to be utilized were studied in detail. A description of the two guidance modes for which Level C requirements have been formulated was presented. Functions required for proper execution of the guidance software were defined. The requirements for a navigation function that is used in the prediction logic of PEG mode 4 were discussed. It is concluded that this function is extracted from the current navigation FSSR.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-150937 , DN-1.4-7-43
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  • 44
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    Advanced space program studies, overall executive summary (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Multidisciplined advanced planning studies were conducted that involve space operations and the associated system elements, identification of potential low cost system techniques, vehicle design, cost synthesis techniques, DoD technology forecasting, and the development of near and far term space initiatives with emphasis on domestic and military use commonality. Specific areas studied include: (1) manned systems utilization; (2) STS users; (3) vehicle cost/performance; (4) space vehicle applications to future national needs; (5) STS spin stabilized upper stage; and (6) technology assessment and forecast.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148702 , ATR-76(7379-01)-1
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  • 45
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    Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000). Volume 1: Executive summary (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The likely system concepts which might be representative of NASA and DoD space programs in the 1980-2000 time period were studied along with the programs' likely needs for major space transportation vehicles, orbital support vehicles, and technology developments which could be shared by the military and civilian space establishments in that time period. Such needs could then be used by NASA as an input in determining the nature of its long-range development plan. The approach used was to develop a list of possible space system concepts (initiatives) in parallel with a list of needs based on consideration of the likely environments and goals of the future. The two lists thus obtained represented what could be done, regardless of need; and what should be done, regardless of capability, respectively. A set of development program plans for space application concepts was then assembled, matching needs against capabilities, and the requirements of the space concepts for support vehicles, transportation, and technology were extracted. The process was pursued in parallel for likely military and civilian programs, and the common support needs thus identified.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148704 , ATR-76(7365)-1-VOL-1
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  • 46
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    Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000). Volume 2: Final report (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results are presented of a study which identifies over 100 new and highly capable space systems for the 1980-2000 time period: civilian systems which could bring benefits to large numbers of average citizens in everyday life, much enhance the kinds and levels of public services, increase the economic motivation for industrial investment in space, expand scientific horizons; and, in the military area, systems which could materially alter current concepts of tactical and strategic engagements. The requirements for space transportation, orbital support, and technology for these systems are derived, and those requirements likely to be shared between NASA and the DoD in the time period identified. The high leverage technologies for the time period are identified as very large microwave antennas and optics, high energy power subsystems, high precision and high power lasers, microelectronic circuit complexes and data processors, mosaic solid state sensing devices, and long-life cryogenic refrigerators.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148703 , ATR-76(7365)-1-VOL-2
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  • 47
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    Solidification under zero gravity: A Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) experiment for an early space shuttle mission (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Project planning for two series of simple experiments on the effect of zero gravity on the melting and freezing of metals and nonmetals is described. The experiments will be performed in the Long Duration Exposure Facility, and their purpose will be to study: (1) the general morphology of metals and nonmetals during solidification, (2) the location of ullage space (liquid-vapor interfaces), and (3) the magnitude of surface tension driven convection during solidification of metals and nonmetals. The preliminary design of the experiments is presented. Details of the investigative approach, experimental procedure, experimental hardware, data reduction and analysis, and anticipated results are given. In addition a work plan and cost analysis are provided.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-148160
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  • 48
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    Apollo Experiment Report: Lunar-Sample Processing in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory High-Vacuum Complex (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A high-vacuum complex composed of an atmospheric decontamination system, sample-processing chambers, storage chambers, and a transfer system was built to process and examine lunar material while maintaining quarantine status. Problems identified, equipment modifications, and procedure changes made for Apollo 11 and 12 sample processing are presented. The sample processing experiences indicate that only a few operating personnel are required to process the sample efficiently, safely, and rapidly in the high-vacuum complex. The high-vacuum complex was designed to handle the many contingencies, both quarantine and scientific, associated with handling an unknown entity such as the lunar sample. Lunar sample handling necessitated a complex system that could not respond rapidly to changing scientific requirements as the characteristics of the lunar sample were better defined. Although the complex successfully handled the processing of Apollo 11 and 12 lunar samples, the scientific requirement for vacuum samples was deleted after the Apollo 12 mission just as the vacuum system was reaching its full potential.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8298 , JSC-S-459 , JSC-07272
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  • 49
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    Apollo experience report guidance and control systems: Primary guidance, navigation, and control system development (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The primary guidance, navigation, and control systems for both the lunar module and the command module are described. Development of the Apollo primary guidance systems is traced from adaptation of the Polaris Mark II system through evolution from Block I to Block II configurations; the discussion includes design concepts used, test and qualification programs performed, and major problems encountered. The major subsystems (inertial, computer, and optical) are covered. Separate sections on the inertial components (gyroscopes and accelerometers) are presented because these components represent a major contribution to the success of the primary guidance, navigation, and control system.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8227 , S-453
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  • 50
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    Apollo experience report: Crew station integration. Volume 1: Crew station design and development (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview of the evolution of the design and development of the Apollo command module and lunar module crew stations is given, with emphasis placed on the period from 1964 to 1969. The organizational planning, engineering techniques, and documentation involved are described, and a detailed chronology of the meetings, reviews, and exercises is presented. Crew station anomalies for the Apollo 7 to 11 missions are discussed, and recommendations for the solution of recurring problems of crew station acoustics, instrument glass failure, and caution and warning system performance are presented. Photographs of the various crew station configurations are also provided.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8178 , JSC-S-451-VOL-1
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  • 51
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    Solidification under zero gravity: A Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) experiment for an early space shuttle mission (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The preliminary design of two series of simple experiments the objectives of which are to determine the effect of an absence of gravity on (1) the general morphology of the structure, (2) location of ullage space, and (3) magnitude of surface tension driven convection, during the solidification of several metallic and nonmetallic systems is described. Details of the investigative approach, experimental procedure, experimental hardware, data reduction and analysis, and anticipated results are given.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-146338
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  • 52
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Spacelab payload definition study. Volume 4, book 2: Labcraft instrument systems general specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The interfaces between the scientific instruments and the Spacelab/Labcraft equipment are described. The characteristics of the Spacelab/Labcraft equipment pertinent to the scientific instruments and the requirements placed on the scientific instruments by the Spacelab/Labcraft equipment are described.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152570 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-05-VOL-4
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  • 53
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Spacelab payload definition study. Volume 4, book 1: Labcraft payload general specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The performance, design, verification and operational requirements for Labcraft equipment and Labcraft integrated payloads are described. The requirements are based on the current definition of Spacelab and Space Transportation System equipment and the constraints associated with their use.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152569 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-04-VOL-4
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  • 54
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Spacelab payload definition study. Volume 3; book 1: AMPS equipment to orbiter ICD (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The physical, thermal, and electrical interfaces that exist between Spacelab-AMPS Payload No.(TBD) and the orbiter are described.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152566 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-01-VOL-3
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  • 55
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    Atmospheric, Magnetospheric, and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) spacelab payload definition study, appendixes (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An equipment list, instrument baseline data, engineering drawings, mass properties computer printouts, electrical energy management, and control and display functional analysis pertinent to the AMPS (Satellite Payload) are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152563 , MCR-76-419-A-APP , DR-MA-03-APP
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  • 56
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    Atmospheric, Magnetospheric and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) spacelab payload definition study - program analysis and planning for phase C/D document - Volume 7 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Typical missions identified for AMPS flights in the arly 1980's are described. Experiment objectives and typical scientific instruments selected to accomplish these objectives are discussed along with mission requirements and shuttle and Spacelab capabilities assessed to determine any AMPS unique requirements. Preliminary design concepts for the first two AMPS flights form the basis for the Phase C/D program plan. This plan implements flights 1 and 2 and indicates how both the scientific and flight support hardware can be systematically evolved for future AMPS flights.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152561 , MCR-76-281-A-VOL-7 , DR-MA-04-A
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  • 57
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Spacelab payload definition study. Volume 7, book 3: Supporting Research and Technology (SR and T) report (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The items identified as required to support the AMPS mission and requiring SR and T support and further work are: (1) a general purpose Experiment Pointing Mount; (2) a technique for measuring the attitude of the pallet-mounted or deployed experiments; (3) the development of a common optics cryogenically cooled interferometer spectrometer; (4) the development of a differential absorption lidar system for the measurement of ozone densitites in the earth's atmosphere; (5) the development of dc to dc power processors which are capable of converting energy stored in a capacitor system at 500 V to energy supplied to equipment operating at 40 kV and at 20 kW (eventually up to 100 kW); and (6) the development of a magnetic or possibly electrostatic deflection system capable of bending the beam of an electron accelerator. A data sheet is included for each item, briefly describing the background and need for each item, and the general objectives of the required development, and identifying the schedule requirements in support of the AMPS program.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152573 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-09-VOL-7
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  • 58
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Spacelab payload definition study. Volume 3, book 2: AMPS equipment to Spacelab ICD (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The interfaces between AMPS Payload No.(TBD) and Spacelab are described. The interfaces specified cover the AMPS physical, electrical, and thermal interfaces that are established to prescribe the standard Spacelab configuration required to perform the mission. If the configuration definition changes due to change of Spacelab equipment model, or serial numbers, then reidentification of the Labcraft payload may be required.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152567 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-02-VOL-3
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  • 59
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    Atmosphere, Magnetosphere and Plasmas in Space (AMPS). Space payload definition study. Volume 2: Mission support requirements document (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The flight payload, its operation, and the support required from the Space Transporatation System (STS) is defined including the flight objectives and requirements, the experiment operations, and the payload configurations. The support required from the STS includes the accommodation of the payload by the orbiter/Spacelab, use of the flight operations network and ground facilities, and the use of the launch site facilities.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152564 , TRW-27615-6007-RU-00-VOL-2
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  • 60
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    Atmospheric, Magnetospheric, and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) spacelab payload definition study, technical summary document (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Some 60 instrument candidates and 80 possible science investigations were evaluated. The early analysis emphasized the science aspect in terms of the functional requirements for each of the potential experiments identified by the AMPS science working group. These requirements were then used for the grouping of instruments into practical payloads which would fit the capabilities of the Shuttle/Spacelab. This analysis resulted in the definition of eleven different AMPS configurations. The data were then used to define a typical set of requirements for a flexible AMPS laboratory. The data gathered to this point showed that a planned sequential buildup of the laboratory would be necessary to meet both physical and funding limitations. This led to the definition of five strawman payloads by the science working group, which were used to establish a conceptual laboratory and to define preliminary design of a configuration which could satisfy AMPS needs during the early program period.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152562 , MCR-76-419-A , DR-MA-03
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  • 61
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    Atmospheric, Magnetospheric and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) spacelab payload definition study; volume 4: Part 2, Labcraft payload general specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Labcraft Payload General Specification (LPGS) amplifies those general requirements in the Labcraft Program Specification (LPS) to ensure that all hardware, software, and STS elements will successfully function as an integrated system to accomplish the objectives of the first Labcraft mission. Contract End Item Specifications (CEIS) and Procurement Drawings (PDs) prepared and implemented for all deliverable hardware and software elements are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-152559 , MCR-76-281-A-VOL-4-PT-2 , DR-SE-03-A-VOL-4-PT-2
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  • 62
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    Orbital construction demonstration study. Executive summary (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The supported construction base concept (no permanent habitation quarters) was explored. The studies concentrated on: (1) representative large structures that can only be tested in space, (2) definition of initial construction base (add-on to cover applications of facility), and (3) programmatic issues of schedule and cost, and mission plans.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-151359
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  • 63
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    Orbital construction demonstration study (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A conceptual design and program plan for an Orbital Construction Demonstration Article (OCDA) was developed that can be used for evaluating and establishing practical large structural assembly operations. A flight plan for initial placement and continued utility is presented as a basic for an entirely new shuttle payload line-item having great future potential benefit for space applications. The OCDA is a three-axis stabilized platform in low-earth orbit with many structural nodals for mounting large construction and fabrication equipments. This equipment would be used to explore methods for constructing the large structures for future missions. The OCDA would be supported at regular intervals by the shuttle. Construction experiments and consumables resupply are performed during shuttle visit periods. A 250 kw solar array provides sufficient power to support the shuttle while attached to the OCDA and to run construction experiments at the same time. Wide band communications with a Telemetry and Data Relay Satellite compatible high gain antenna can be used between shuttle revisits to perform remote controlled, TV assisted construction experiments.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-151352 , NSS-OC-RP-008
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  • 64
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    Feasibility of producing closed-cell metal foams in a zero-gravity environment from sputter deposited inert gas-bearing metals and alloys. Post-flight technical report, SPAR flight 2 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Metallography from experiment 24-10 obtained on the second space processing applications rocket (SPAR) flight is discussed. Results are considered along with results from the related experiments on the first SPAR flight. Conclusions are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-150178
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  • 65
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    Preliminary benefit analysis of biological space processing (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The value of weightlessness in bioprocessing is assessed. The ecomonic benefits are assessed for space processing urokinase and human lymphocytes for treatment of end stage renal disease and thromboembolisms.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: REPT-76-119-1 , NASA-CR-149297
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  • 66
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 6: Power (P-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Power requirements for the multipurpose space power platform, for space industrialization, SETI, the solar system exploration facility, and for global services are assessed for various launch dates. Priorities and initiatives for the development of elements of space power systems are described for systems using light power input (solar energy source) or thermal power input, (solar, chemical, nuclear, radioisotopes, reactors). Systems for power conversion, power processing, distribution and control are likewise examined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80013 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 2: Data handling, communications (E-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Technologies required to support the stated OAST thrust to increase information return by X1000, while reducing costs by a factor of 10 are identified. The most significant driver is the need for an overall end-to-end data system management technology. Maximum use of LSI component technology and trade-offs between hardware and software are manifest in most all considerations of technology needs. By far, the greatest need for data handling technology was identified for the space Exploration and Global Services themes. Major advances are needed in NASA's ability to provide cost effective mass reduction of space data, and automated assessment of earth looking imagery, with a concomitant reduction in cost per useful bit. A combined approach embodying end-to-end system analysis, with onboard data set selection, onboard data processing, highly parallel image processing (both ground and space), low cost, high capacity memories, and low cost user data distribution systems would be necessary.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80009 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 68
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 1: Summary report. 1: Introduction. 2: General observations and some key findings. 3: Follow-on activity. Quick-look comments and working papers (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Outlook for Space Study, consideration of National needs and OAST technology goals were factors in the selection of the following themes for candidate technical initiative and supporting program plans: space power station; search for extraterrestrial life; industrialization of space; global service station; exploration of the solar system; and advanced space transportation system. An overview is presented of the Space Theme Workshop activities in developing technology needs, program requirements, and proposed plans in support of each theme. The unedited working papers used by team members are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80001 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 69
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    Utilization of lunar materials and expertise for large scale operations in space: Abstracts (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The practicality of exploiting the moon, not only as a source of materials for large habitable structures at Lagrangian points, but also as a base for colonization is discussed in abstracts of papers presented at a special session on lunar utilization. Questions and answers which followed each presentation are included after the appropriate abstract. Author and subject indexes are provided.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-156167 , Mar 16, 1976; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 70
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    AIAA/MSFC Symposium on Space Industrialization: Proceedings (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Current and projected technologies required for utilizing extraterrestrial environments to produce energy, information, or materials and provide services of value on Earth or to Earth are discussed. Topics include: space habitats, space transportation, materials processing, solar space power, and exoindustrial management concepts.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CP-2026 , May 26, 1976 - May 27, 1976; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 71
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    Viking survey paper (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper reviews Viking injection into Mars orbit, the landing, and the Orbiter. The following Viking investigations are discussed: the search for life (photosynthetic analysis, metabolic analysis, and respiration), molecular analysis, inorganic chemistry, water detection, thermal mapping, radio science, and physical and seismic characteristics. Also considered are the imaging system, the lander camera, entry science, and Mars weather.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Dedication Conference of the International Space Hall of Fame; Oct 05, 1976 - Oct 09, 1976; Alamogordo, NM
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  • 72
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    The role of automatic control in future interplanetary spaceflight (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper reviews the guidance and automatic control techniques used in previous U.S. and Soviet lunar and planetary exploration spacecraft, and examines the objectives and requirements of potential future interplanetary missions from the viewpoint of their further demands on automatic control technology. These missions include the Venus orbital imaging radar mission, the Pioneer Mars penetrator mission, the Mars surface sample return mission, Pioneer Saturn/Uranus/Titan probe missions, the Mariner Jupiter orbiter with daughter satellite, and comet and asteroid missions.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Symposium on Automatic Control in Space; May 17, 1976 - May 21, 1976; Rottach-Egern; Germany
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  • 73
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    Project Mercury: the Program and Its Objectives (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Project Mercury is reviewed in the light of experience gained thus far in the technical implementation of this Nation's initial program for manned orbital flight. Initial guidelines formulated for the Mercury program are reviewed, together with some of the technical considerations that have influenced the design of the capsule and the operational plan for the booster-capsule vehicle. The role of the astronaut in the Mercury program is discussed, and some observations are made concerning the impact of the Mercury program on future manned space ventures.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Symposium on Psychophysiological Aspects of Space Flight; May 26, 1960 - May 27, 1960; San Antonio, TX; United States|Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 26 p
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  • 74
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    Manufacturing unique glasses in space (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An air suspension melting technique is described for making glasses from substances which to date have been observed only in the crystalline condition. A laminar flow vertical wind tunnel was constructed for suspending oxide melts that were melted using the energy from a carbon dioxide laser beam. By this method it is possible to melt many high-melting-point materials without interaction between the melt and crucible material. In addition, space melting permits cooling to suppress crystal growth. If a sufficient amount of under cooling is accompanied by a sufficient increase in viscosity, crystallization will be avoided entirely and glass will result.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-150067 , SD-76-SA-0029 , IR-2
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  • 75
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    The deep space network (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Network engineering, hardware and software development, and tracking station operations for support of deep space unmanned flight projects are summarized.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-149101 , JPL-PR-42-35
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  • 76
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    Gravity-gradient measurements down to approximately 100-km height by means of long-tethered satellites (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Long-tethered satellite systems for Shuttle flights would make measurements of the earth's gravitational field possible to a spatial resolution approaching 100 km. For instance, a subsatellite carrying a gravity gradiometer could be made to orbit at a height of 110 km by means of a 110-km tether tied to the Shuttle in a 220-km orbit. Even with an overall instrument sensitivity as poor as 1 Eotvos unit (e.u.), it would be possible to measure spatial wavelengths of approximately 600 to 700 km (i.e., harmonics of 80th to 70th degree). Also, a system of two satellites (one of which could be the Shuttle orbiter or one of its payloads) connected by a tether a few tens of kilometers long could provide a simple and sensitive means of detecting gravity anomalies characterized by wavelengths of a few hundred kilometers. In this system, the observable would be the mechanical tension on the tether, and a sensitivity up to 0.01 e.u. could be attained, provided the two satellites are tracked from the ground with sufficient accuracy.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 76-064 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 10, 1976 - Oct 16, 1976; Anaheim, CA
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  • 77
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    Mariner mission to Encke 1980 (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Experimental design for the Mariner mission to Comet Encke is considered, examining the following experiments: volatile and nonvolatile chemical analysis, an imaging system for the comet nucleus, the ultraviolet spectrometer, and magnetic field and plasma experiments. Mission design is discussed, emphasizing the mission profile, trajectory and targeting and the spacecraft design.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Interplanetary dust and zodiacal light; Jun 10, 1975 - Jun 13, 1975; Heidelberg
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  • 78
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    Mission design for a halo orbiter of the earth (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) scientific satellite to be stationed in 1978 in the vicinity of the sun-earth interior libration point to continuously monitor the space between the sun and the earth, including the distant geomagnetic tail is described. Orbit selection considerations for the ISEE-C are discussed along with stationkeeping requirements and fuel-optimal trajectories. Due to the alignment of the interior libration point with the sun as viewed from the earth, it will be necessary to place the satellite into a 'halo orbit' around the libration point, in order to eliminate solar interference with down-link telemetry. Parametric data for transfer trajectories between an earth parking orbit (altitude about 185 km) and a libration-point orbit are presented. It is shown that the insertion magnitude required for placing a satellite into an acceptable halo orbit is rather modest.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-810 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 79
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    Space processing in early Shuttle missions (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper first reviews potential scientific and commercial benefits of space processing, and discusses roles of ground laboratory, sounding rocket, and Shuttle/Spacelab experimentation in carrying out space processing programs. Benefits which have been identified in such processes as containerless melting/solidification, electrophoresis, crystal growing, etc., and using such specific materials as tungsten, isoenzymes, single crystal silicon ribbon are utilized as specific examples in the above discussion. As a result, the paper identifies spectrum of specific objectives and implementation approaches for Shuttle/Spacelab experimentation. The paper then reviews currently planned Shuttle/Spacelab payload accommodations and traffic model. Finally, the paper matches experimentation approaches with Shuttle/Spacelab plans, and derives a possible schedule of missions in the 1979-1982 time frame using configurations with a high degree of automation where crew time for experiment involvement is limited.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-783 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 80
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    Mission design implications of an inclined elliptical geosynchronous orbit /International Ultraviolet Explorer/ (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In order to maximize the weight capability, an inclined elliptical geosynchronous orbit rather than the initially conceived circular one was selected for the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), a joint NASA/ESA effort to study the ultraviolet spectra of stars, galaxies and nebulae. The design of intermediate and mission orbits satisfying the numerous mission requirements and constraints is discussed. The other areas of mission analysis included in the paper are launch window analysis, and orbit evolution and stationkeeping analysis. A significant result of the study is the manner in which statistical data, generated by a Monte Carlo simulation, were incorporated into the pre-flight mission analysis.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-812 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 81
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    Solar sail mission applications (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper discusses the concept and the current baseline configuration of a reusable solar sail vehicle using light pressure for propulsion. The range of characteristic accelerations which solar sail vehicles might achieve during early years of operation is estimated to be from 0.2 to 1.3 mm/sq sec, with overall sail efficiency about 80 to 90%. Operating without the expenditure of propellant, the vehicle has the potential of delivering large payloads throughout the solar system. Detailed attention is given to various possible missions of the solar sail vehicle operating as an Interplanetary Shuttle. The vehicle may deliver payloads to the inner planets, asteroids, short period comets, or sun polar orbits and then return to earth, possibly with samples. It may also be used for outer planet missions or solar system escape. An 800-m sail may return samples totaling 200 kg from Mars and deliver them to an earth orbital laboratory. The first mission for the solar sail may be rendezvous with Halley's comet in 1982.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-808 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 82
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    Solar electric propulsion combined with earth gravity assist - A new potential for planetary exploration (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The need to shorten mission time (travel time to target planet) in missions to the outer planets prompts a search for alternatives to one-way minimum-energy transfers while continuing to minimize on-power thrusts. Gravity assists via swing-bys of inner planets are examined, with emphasis on a projected Venus-earth gravity assist (VEGA) and a combined solar electric propulsion and earth gravity assist (SEEGA). Gravity assists are also examined as essential for missions with sample returns back to earth. Possible use of such techniques in the Shuttle Interim Upper Stage (IUS) program is considered. Various SEEGA and VEGA trajectories are discussed and charted, and time lost in the launch orbit to earth re-encounter time is weighed against time gained by faster speed toward the mission destination.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-807 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 83
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    Maneuver sequence design for the post-Jupiter leg of Pioneer Saturn (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: After passing the planet Jupiter in December 1974, Pioneer 11 is on a flight path on which it will encounter Saturn in late 1979. Following an uncorrected trajectory, the spacecraft would pass 2 million km behind Saturn. A sequence of midcourse maneuvers for modifying the Pioneer trajectory is discussed. The corrected flight path is to bring the spacecraft within 500,000 km of Saturn's satellite Titan. Attention is given to maneuver capabilities and constraints, the maneuver design concept, questions related to the selection of an interim aimpoint, and aspects of maneuver implementation.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-801 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 84
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    Missions to Titan /1983-2000/ - An analysis of orbiters and entry vehicles (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mission Analysis data is presented which forms a basis for planning future missions to Titan, the seventh moon of Saturn. Four Titan mission options are studied: orbiters, probes, penetrators and landers. The generated data supports these mission modes. A comprehensive launch and trajectory analysis of earth to Saturn opportunities from 1983 to 2000 is given. Direct ballistic and Delta VEGA trajectory modes are evaluated. Orbital insertion, orbital trim, entry vehicle deployment options are all studied in parametric detail.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-799 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 85
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    A decision model for planetary missions (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Many techniques developed for the solution of problems in economics and operations research are directly applicable to problems involving engineering trade-offs. This paper investigates the use of utility theory for decision making in planetary exploration space missions. A decision model is derived that accounts for the objectives of the mission - science - the cost of flying the mission and the risk of mission failure. A simulation methodology for obtaining the probability distribution of science value and costs as a function spacecraft and mission design is presented and an example application of the decision methodology is given for various potential alternatives in a comet Encke mission.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-805 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 86
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    Performance of a recoverable Tug for planetary missions including use of perigee propulsion and corrections for nodal regression (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mathematical equations are derived by using the Maximum Principle to obtain the maximum payload capability of a reusable Tug for planetary missions. The mathematical formulation includes correction for nodal precession of the Space Shuttle orbit. The Tug performs this nodal correction in returning to this precessed orbit. The sample case analyzed represents an inner planet mission as defined by the declination (fixed) and right ascension of the outgoing asymptote and the mission energy. Payload capability is derived for a typical cryogenic Tug and the sample case with and without perigee propulsion. Optimal trajectory profiles and some important orbital elements are also discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-809 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 87
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    Mission analysis to define satellite orbits for earth radiation budget measurements (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Information is presented concerning the number of satellites, the orbit altitude, and the inclinations which will provide the spatial and temporal earth coverage required for accurate radiation measurements on regional, zonal, and global scales. Measurement considerations are discussed and an analysis is conducted regarding the selection of suitable orbit parameters. Attention is also given to the results of a simulation model study for the determination of the radiation which can be measured by satellite sensors in different orbits.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-811 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 88
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    Early Spacelab physics and astronomy missions (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Some of the scientific problems which will be investigated during the early Spacelab physics and astronomy missions are reviewed. The Solar Terrestrial Programs will include the Solar Physics Spacelab Payloads (SPSP) and the Atmospheres, Magnetospheres and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) missions. These missions will study the sun as a star and the influence of solar phenomena on the earth, including sun-solar wind interface, the nature of the solar flares, etc. The Astrophysics Spacelab Payloads (ASP) programs are divided into the Ultraviolet-Optical Astronomy and the High Energy Astrophysics areas. The themes of astrophysics Spacelab investigations will cover the nature of the universe, the fate of matter and the life cycles of stars. The paper discusses various scientific experiments and instruments to be used in the early Spacelab missions.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-781 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 89
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    Penetrator mission concepts for exploration of the Galilean satellites (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Penetrators are elongated missile-shaped objects designed to implant scientific instrumentation to depths of 1 to 15 meters in a wide variety of soil. A typical penetrator weighs 35 kg and impacts the surface at 150 m/sec oriented as close as possible to vertical. A spacecraft bus carries the penetrators to the target body, controls their deployment, and serves as a data communications relay. The analysis addresses the question of basic feasibility and covers such topics as trajectory requirements and delivered mass capability, deployment modes and penetrator retro sizing, impact site accessibility, guidance and control, and penetrator/bus communications. We conclude that such missions, while difficult in many respects, appear to be technically feasible in the context of Jovian system exploration in the post-1985 time period.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-800 , Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 18, 1976 - Aug 20, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 90
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    Space Processing Applications - Designing the initial space transportation system payloads capability (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A review is presented of the broad objectives identified by the U.S. Space Processing Applications program. A description is given of the types of materials to be considered, taking into account aspects of crystal growth, questions of purification and separation, mixing, solidification, and processes in fluids. The program requirements are discussed, giving attention to time in space, energy, research and development payload equipment design efforts, design payloads, early mission automated payloads, and early mission manned payloads.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: International Meeting on Utilization of Space Shuttle and Spacelab; Jun 02, 1976 - Jun 04, 1976; Bonn
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  • 91
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    Spacelab science missions of the 1980's (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The objectives and instrumentation of Spacelab missions planned for the 1980s are discussed. Initial flights will be multidisciplinary, serving to verify the performance of Spacelab subsystems and to demonstrate the capability of Spacelab to carry out broad-ranging research in a variety of fields. Further missions will use highly specialized payloads. Among these are the Atmospheres, Magnetospheres and Plasmas (AMPS) Payload, the Astronomy Spacelab Payload (ASP), including solar physics, stellar astronomy and high energy astrophysics variants, and the Spacelab Infrared Telescope Facility. The growing inventory of instruments developed for these missions will then be available for use in different combinations to meet the needs of individual mission objectives proposed by the international scientific community.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: International Meeting on Utilization of Space Shuttle and Spacelab; Jun 02, 1976 - Jun 04, 1976; Bonn
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  • 92
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    A proposed concept for the extraction of energy stored in magnetic or electric fields in space (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is known that enormous energy resources associated with electric, magnetic, gravitational, and other fields exist in space. It is also known that the major difficulty in 'tapping' this energy arises from the extremely low density level at which this energy exists. An analytical study has been made of a particular scheme that appears promising for an efficient utilization of some of these energy resources in propulsion. The principle involves the exchange of energy between a fluctuating magnetic field and a velocity field of electrically conducting fluid in turbulent motion located onboard a spacecraft. Under certain conditions the total energy of the turbulent flow field onboard the spacecraft can be increased and this increase appears in the form of Joulean heat. The utilization of the fluctuating part of the magnetic field, in the form of Joulean dissipation (because of its random character) does not introduce any drag on the spacecraft. The application appears promising for flights in the vicinity of Jupiter and other planets. The rate at which energy is gained by the conducting fluid is of the order of 100 watts when the rms value of the fluctuating magnetic field strength is about 1 gauss.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-707 , Propulsion Conference; Jul 26, 1976 - Jul 29, 1976; Palo Alto, CA
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  • 93
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    Identification of satellites possibly active during the IMS and their orbital configurations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A survey has been made to identify presently operating as well as planned spacecraft which may contribute measurements of the magnetosphere or interplanetary medium during the IMS. The total set consists of 25 scientific earth-orbiting, 9 heliocentric, and 17 communication, navigation or meteorological spacecraft, which carry environmental monitoring experiments. The orbital elements of each are displayed. In addition, techniques for the display of positions in various orbits are presented to illustrate how interesting configurations can be determined during the IMS. The positions of presently orbiting heliocentric spacecraft are shown at various intervals with respect to the nominal interplanetary magnetic field spiral and the earth. Plots of the latest ISEE-A orbit in solar magnetospheric co-ordinates are presented to determine neutral-sheet crossing.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: The scientific satellite programme during the International Magnetospheric Study; Jun 10, 1975 - Jun 13, 1975; Vienna; Austria
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  • 94
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    Low-gravity homogenization and solidification of aluminum antimonide (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The III-V semiconducting compound AlSb shows promise as a highly efficient solar cell material, but it has not been commercially exploited because of difficulties in compound synthesis. Liquid state homogenization and solidification of AlSb were carried out in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Experiment MA-044 in the hope that compositional homogeneity would be improved by negating the large density difference between the two constituents. Post-flight analysis and comparative characterization of the space-processed and ground-processed samples indicate that there are major homogeneity improvements in the low-gravity solidified material.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: COSPAR, Plenary Meeting; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 19, 1976; Philadelphia, PA
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  • 95
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 9: Aerothermodynamics (M-3). A: Statement. B: Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2). D. Additional assessments (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Twelve aerothermodynamic space technology needs were identified to reduce the design uncertainties in aerodynamic heating and forces experienced by heavy lift launch vehicles, orbit transfer vehicles, and advanced single stage to orbit vehicles for the space transportation system, and for probes, planetary surface landers, and sample return vehicles for solar system exploration vehicles. Research and technology needs identified include: (1) increasing the fluid dynamics capability by at least two orders of magnitude by developing an advanced computer processor for the solution of fluid dynamic problems with improved software; (2) predicting multi-engine base flow fields for launch vehicles; and (3) developing methods to conserve energy in aerothermodynamic ground test facilities.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80016 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 96
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    OAST Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 8: Structures, dynamics (M-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessments (form 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A technology program on large space structures was defined to respond to common need perceived for five of the six themes. Greatly expanded power, facilities, and communications/sensing requirements appear to demand a new structures technology for construction in space. Requirements to construct huge structural arrays with precision surfaces in space will need creative research efforts to identify practical structural elements and construction techniques. Requirements for advanced transportation structures were defined to respond to the space transportation theme. Because of the criticality of thermal structures to achieve lower cost transportation systems, renewed emphasis on technology in this area is recommended. A second technology needing renewed emphasis is the area of recovery and landing technology structures to permit full reuse of launch vehicle propulsion elements.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80015 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 97
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 4: Software (E-4). A. Summary. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Only a few efforts are currently underway to develop an adequate technology base for the various themes. Particular attention must be given to software commonality and evolutionary capability, to increased system integrity and autonomy; and to improved communications among the program users, the program developers, and the programs themselves. There is a need for quantum improvement in software development methods and increasing the awareness of software by all concerned. Major thrusts identified include: (1) data and systems management; (2) software technology for autonomous systems; (3) technology and methods for improving the software development process; (4) advances related to systems of software elements including their architecture, their attributes as systems, and their interfaces with users and other systems; and (5) applications of software including both the basic algorithms used in a number of applications and the software specific to a particular theme or discipline area. The impact of each theme on software is assessed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80011 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 98
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 2: Theme summary. 4: Solar system exploration (no. 10). A: Statement of theme: B. 26 April 1976 Presentation. C. Summary. D. Initiative actions (form 5) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Major strategies for exploring the solar system focus on the return of information and the return of matter. Both the planetary exploration facility, and an orbiting automated space station, and the sample return and exploration facility have similar requirements. The single most essential need to enable intensive study of the outer solar system is nuclear propulsion and power capability. New initiatives in 1978 related to the reactor, data and sample acquisition and return, navigation, and environmental protection are examined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80005 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 99
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 2: Theme summary. 1: Space power (no. 7). A. Theme statement. B. 26 April 1976 presentation. C. Summary. D. Initiative action (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A long-lived space-based system that converts on-orbit solar and/or nuclear energy to a suitable form for distribution to using space systems is described. Mission applications, requirements, issues, problems, benefits, and technology thrusts are identified for the multipurpose power platform. Power levels of at least 10-100Kw are required for space manufacturing, satellites, and space station operations. Two Mw are needed for a proposed passive radar system. Propulsion system requirements are in the 100Kw-100Mw range.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80002 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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  • 100
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    OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 1: Navigation, guidance, control (E-1) A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The six themes identified by the Workshop have many common navigation guidance and control needs. All the earth orbit themes have a strong requirement for attitude, figure and stabilization control of large space structures, a requirement not currently being supported. All but the space transportation theme have need for precision pointing of spacecraft and instruments. In addition all the themes have requirements for increasing autonomous operations for such activities as spacecraft and experiment operations, onboard mission modification, rendezvous and docking, spacecraft assembly and maintenance, navigation and guidance, and self-checkout, test and repair. Major new efforts are required to conceptualize new approaches to large space antennas and arrays that are lightweight, readily deployable, and capable of precise attitude and figure control. Conventional approaches offer little hope of meeting these requirements. Functions that can benefit from increasing automation or autonomous operations are listed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-80008 , Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 30, 1976; Langley Station, VA; United States
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