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  • ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING  (308)
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  • 1977  (169)
  • 1976  (139)
  • 1
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new Schottky-diode mixer is described which has low noise and conversion loss in the 140-220-GHz band. At 170 GHz mixer noise temperatures of 1100-1300 K have been measured, with 6.2-7.2-dB single sideboard conversion loss. The design should be usable up to about 300 GHz with appropriate scaling. The mixer has been successfully used in airborne radiometers on the NASA Convair 990 and C-141 aircraft.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-25; May 1977
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper reports observation of doubly degenerate parametric amplification and oscillation at 36 GHz from a single point-contact Josephson junction. The experimental results agree qualitatively with theoretical calculations based on the resistively shunted junction model. The estimated noise temperature of an amplifier with 11 dB net gain is consistent with zero, but has an upper limit of 50 K. Attempts to observe parametric amplification in the singly degenerate mode with a pump frequency of 72 GHz were not successful.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 48; Mar. 197
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Niobium thin-film bridges 300-A thick, 1-micron wide, and 0.5-micron long joining two bulk films 5000-A thick and having normal resistance of the order of 1 ohm have been fabricated and used for microwave mixing at 10 GHz. They exhibit Josephson, bolometric, and multiple-flux-flow mixing and have useful response at 100-200 GHz. The data show in a direct way limitations imposed by flux flow and heating.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 31; Aug. 15
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  • 4
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Auger spectroscopy has been used to evaluate the properties of 'good' and 'poor' impregnated tungsten cathodes used in high-power microwave wave tubes. The results were interpreted to analyze failure modes in cathodes removed from TWT's because of poor emission characteristics. Most of the poor cathodes evaluated in this program were obtained from fabricated electron guns that had been employed and discarded from the 200-W TWT tubes developed for the Communication Technology Satellite program. The results of these measurements have shown there are at least two types of failure modes that one observes with poor cathodes. They are (1) chemical contamination of the cathode surface and (2) low partial layer barium coverage of the cathode surface.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Jan. 197
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A reasonable criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of spent beam refocusing is the reduction of spent beam turbulence. The rms deviation of particle angles where the angles are calculated from the ratio of radial velocity to axial velocity is one measure of beam turbulence. It is demonstrated that the angular deviation can be reduced by almost half in some magnetic field configurations. Experimental evidence indicates that beam processing of this type is most likely to yield an optimum collector efficiency.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Jan. 197
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Plating three layer tape lead frames, used for tape automated bonding, offers a challenge to the electroplater because of nonuniform topography. Each lead frame contains large (typically .05 x. .05 inch) flat test pads located around the perimeter of the frame. These test pads are electrically connected to the bondable lead frame fingers which extend into an area in the center of the frame called the feature hole. The feature hole exposes these fingers to plating on all sides, while the test pads are exposed on only one side. In addition, the fingers are small in cross section (typically .003 x .0015 inches). Recent thickness measurements indicate that plating around the lead frame fingers is nearly twice as thick as that on test pad areas. Procedures and equipment were developed for measuring the thickness of the deposited material. Discussion was centered on the data obtained using the various measurement techniques and equipment.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 111-121
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: It was stated that the Army has aggressively pursued new hybrid techniques more than either the Navy or Air Force. It has 30 ongoing hybrid projects in various stages of contracting and execution, while the Navy has 6 and Air Force 2. The Army is programming for 8 hybrid projects in fiscal year 1979, the Navy for 5 and Air Force none. In terms of dollars, the Army's fiscal year 1979 program is worth $2.25 million, and the Navy is expected to spend about $1.7 million.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 3-35
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Research in the following areas is described: (1) Characterization and applications of metallic oxide devices; (2) Electronic properties and energy conversion in organic amorphous semiconductors; (3) Material growth and characterization directed toward improving 3-5 heterojunction solar cells.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marsahall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 169-177
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The relevance of microelectronic education to industrial needs was evaluated, and four categories were surveyed: (1) facts and rules; (2) skills; (3) personality; and (4) deductive-inductive reasoning. Examples of specific items in each category are given to illustrate their meaning and it was indicated as to which items in each category are strongly impacted by microelectronics courses and laboratories.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 163-167
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A system for sealing vacuum baked hybrids in a dry inert atmosphere using an overlapping spot resistance weld is described. A unique electrode configuration and fixturing that permits sealing of large and irregularly shaped gold plated Kovar packages to the hermeticity requirements of MIL-STD-883 was discussed. Metallurgical considerations and comparisons to laser sealing were made. Problems encountered during the development and optimization of the process were highlighted. Solutions to plating, fixturing, warpage, weld splatter and cracked bead problems are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 95-110
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A design analysis of a high density multilevel thick film digital microcircuit used for large scale integration is presented. The circuit employs 4 mil lines, 4 mil spaces and requires 4 mil diameter vias. Present screened and fired thick film technology is limited on a production basis to 16 mil square vias. A process whereby 4 mil diameter vias can be fabricated in production using laser technology was described along with a process to produce 4 mil diameter vias for conductor patterns which have 4 mil lines and 4 mil spacings.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 123-137
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Various factors affecting precision of trim and resistor stability were considered. The influence of machine operating parameters on resistor performance was examined and quantified through statistically designed experiments for a Q switched YAG laser system. Laser kerf quality was studied by scanning electron microscopy and related to kerf isolation resistance measurements. A relatively simple production oriented, quality control test is proposed for rapid determination of kerf electrical stability. In addition, the effect of cut design and extent of trim on precision and stability were discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 155-162
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Residual gas analysis techniques were employed to measure the moisture in sealed hybrid packages as a function of substrate attach material, vacuum bake time and sequence, and sealing procedure. It is shown that when room atmospheric exposure is eliminated following the vacuum bakeout moisture levels of less than 1000 ppm may be achieved for modest bake times and solder substrate attach techniques. Suitable moisture levels were achieved for epoxy attached substrates only when seam sealing procedures were employed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 71-75
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A family of standard, high-reliability hardware used for packaging digital integrated circuits is described. The design transition from early prototypes to production hardware is covered and future plans are discussed. Interconnections techniques are described as well as connectors and related hardware available at both the microcircuit packaging and main-frame level. General applications information is also provided.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: The Deep Space Network, Vol. 39; p 130-156
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: During the past decade, the field of military application of microelectronics has grown by leaps and bounds. Costs to develop these systems have taken on a primary role in technology as opposed to previous emphasis on innovative designs. The future of microelectronics is investigated in regard to the military developer who must insure that a system is developed which can be operated and maintained in an economical manner in a field environment.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NAS(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 58-69
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Hybrid microcircuits were examined in regard to their place in the electronic packaging spectrum. The problem of why hybrids are not as widely used as they should be is addressed as the primary concern.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 37-41
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Tape automated bonding (TAB) shows promise of being the predominant assembly and interconnect technique for microcircuit devices in the 1980's. After briefly reviewing the evolution of TAB, consideration was given to factors influencing and motivating TAB, including current major problem areas. Solutions to these problems are being investigated under five Department of Defense programs. These complementary efforts are discussed and compared. The findings are contrasted against recent improvements and advancements in automated wire bonding.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 47-56
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  • 18
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The trend toward smaller and lighter electronic packages was examined. It is suggested that electronic packaging engineers and microelectronic designers closely associate and give full attention to optimization of both disciplines on all product lines. Extensive research and development work underway to explore innovative ideas and make new inroads into the technology base, is expected to satisfy the demands of the 1980's.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 43-46
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The results of a study on Particle Impact Noise Detection commonly referred to as PIND testing is described. Certain sensitivities of PIND testing as applicable to hybrid microcircuits were determined, and techniques for removing particles from sealed hybrid packages were evaluated. Methods for freeing particles which have become trapped or hung up inside the hybrid package and, therefore, give no PIND test response were examined.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Proc. of the 1977 NASA(ISHM Microelectronics Conf.; p 139-153
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Interaction of two antiparallel acoustic surface waves (ASW) with an optical guided wave has been investigated theoretically as well as experimentally to obtain the convolution of two ASW signals. The maximum time-bandwidth product that can be achieved by such a convolver is shown to be of the order of 1000 or more. The maximum dynamic range can be as large as 83 dB.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics; QE-13; Apr. 197
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A flexible accurate large-signal computer program has been developed for the design of coupled-cavity traveling wave tubes. The program is written for a TSS-360 time sharing system. The beam is described by a disk model and the slow wave structure by a sequence of cavities or cells. The computational approach is arranged so that each cavity may have different geometrical or electrical parameters than its neighbors. This allows the program user to simulate a tube of almost arbitrary complexity. Input and output couplers, severs, complicated velocity tapers, and other features peculiar to one or a few cavities may be modeled by a correct choice of input data. The beam-wave interaction is handled by a new approach in which the RF fields are expanded in solutions to the TM wave equation retaining all significant space harmonics. The program was used to perform a design study of the TWT developed for the CTS satellite. Good agreement was obtained between the predictions of the program and the measured performance of the flight tube. The internal check on power balance was satisfied within plus or minus 0.2 per cent of input beam power.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Jan. 197
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In a joint USAF-NASA Program, Lewis Research Center is carrying out an efficiency improvement program on traveling wave tubes for use in electronic counter measures by applying multistage depressed collector (MDC) and spent beam refocusing techniques. In the analytic part of the effort, three-dimensional electron trajectories are computed throughout the TWT. On the experimental side, tube performance is evaluated first without the MDC; then, the spent beam is analyzed for symmetry, circularity, and velocity spread. The three-dimensional theory predicts a MDC-efficiency, at mid-band, of 81 per cent for a 2-stage MDC with symmetric, circular, and optimally refocused beams and 85.5 per cent for a 4-stage MDC. Experimental results to date have yielded MDC efficiencies of a minimum of 81 and 83 per cent for a 2- and 4-stage MDC, respectively, across a one-octave bandwidth of a 4.8 to 9.6 GHz 330-to-550-W TWT.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Jan. 197
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new device, the charge-flow transistor (CFT), has been developed to achieve integrated MOS compatibility in sensor applications, such as gas, humidity, and fire detection, where one is interested in monitoring the transverse resistance of a thin film. The resistive material is incorporated into the gate structure of the CFT in such a way that there is a time delay between the application of the gate-to-source voltage and the appearance of a complete channel. This time delay depends on the resistivity of the thin film. A theory of device operation is presented, together with experimental results on the first CFT's. These results confirm the principles of operation, and demonstrate the utility of the CFT for making fully integrated sensing devices.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 30; Jan. 15
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A method was developed for measuring nondestructively the depth of planar p-n junctions in simple devices as well as in integrated-circuit structures with the electron-beam induced current (EBIC) by scanning parallel to the junction in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were found to be in good agreement with those obtained by the commonly used destructive method of lapping at an angle to the junction and staining to reveal the junction.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Dec. 197
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  • 25
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In isolated cases a pole may be encountered in a previously published solution for the fields in a klystron gap. Formulas, permitting the critical combinations of parameters to be defined, are presented. It is noted that the region of inaccuracy surrounding the pole is sufficiently small and that a 0.1% change in the field changing parameter is enough to avoid it.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Dec. 197
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A technique has been developed for introducing a nonreciprocal sever in a traveling-wave tube design. It employs an output coupler followed by a ferrite isolator, a variable phase shifter, and an input coupler. The input and output couplers are similar to those already needed at the ends of the tube. The isolator and phase shifter are similar to commercially available waveguide components. A computer simulation has suggested the technique may yield a significant improvement in efficiency.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-24; Dec. 197
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  • 27
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A dual-directional loop coupler in WR 430 waveguide was installed at DSS 14 as part of the system to measure station range delay. This installation was necessary to provide special test translator signal injection ports for the Voyager near-earth calibration sequence, which required that the SPD maser be bypassed to prevent saturation of the receivers. The design of the dual coupler and testing of this device at high power is discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 193-206
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Extensive measurements on Teflon and Kapton in a scanning electron microscope indicate the existence of a well-defined family of surface micro-discharges characteristic of the dielectric material. For a given small region exposed to the 16-20 kV electron beam, the strongest discharge pulses are similar in shape and amplitude. For Teflon, typical pulse durations are 2-3 ns, rise and fall times are sometimes as low as 0.2 ns, current amplitudes are approximately 100 mA flowing down to the pedestal and the pulses are unidirectional with no ringing. The use of a rapid-scan electron microscope with a secondary-electron imaging system reveals complex charge distributions resembling Lichtenberg figures on a supposedly flat homogeneous dielectric surface. These patterns undergo extensive alteration at each micro-discharge pulse and indicate that both the charging and discharging processes are highly nonuniform over the dielectric surface. The use of floodbeam causes the occurrence of a large-scale macro-discharges, in which a typical peak current is 40 A with a duration of 120 ns.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 519-526
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An electron source such as a simple cathode is a cheap and light device which can serve several technological and scientific purposes in space: (1) electrostatic charging of a spacecraft can be limited by releasing electrons accumulated on the conductive elements of their surface; (2) the erosion of conductive coatings and the ability of conductive paints to withstand the space environment can be evaluated by monitoring the flow of charged particles impinging on their surface; (3) measuring the current collected by the spacecraft surface as a function of its potential with respect to an emitter is a very sensitive diagnostic technique which can yield a number of plasma parameters, such as density and temperature; (4) it is possible to convert the thermal motion of space plasmas into electrical energy by collecting energetic electrons and returning them to the medium as cold particles; (5) a wave in a plasma is characterized by a conduction current density which gives rise to fluctuations of the current flowing to the surface.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 203-221
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development, application, pros and cons of the semicustom and custom approach to the integration of circuits are described. Improvements in terms of cost, reliability, secrecy, power, and size reduction are examined. Also presented is the standard transistor array radix, a semicustom approach to digital integrated circuits that offers the advantages of both custom and semicustom approaches to integration.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Proc. of the ASPE(MSFC Symp. on Eng. and Productivity Gains from Space Technol.; p 271-289
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Theoretical aspects of electrostatic control and design of gridded and conductive film bonded polymers, for spacecraft Thermo-optical blankets are considered. Brief commentaries relative to the salient features of the primarily developed facility for and characterization of said polymers is also considered.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Ninth Conf. on Space Simulation; p 345-364
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An experimental test program was undertaken to demonstrate that the Space Shuttle Orbiter Vehicle pyrotechnics actuated Crew Escape System was not subject to failure resulting from a lightning strike in the vicinity of the cockpit. A test sample representing a full-scale portion of the Orbiter Outer Panel was preheated to 325 F and struck with three different current waveforms to simulate the various effects of lightning: (1) 2 micro sec risetime, to 180 kA pulse to evaluate fast current rise shock effects; (2) a 205 kA, 100 micro sec wide pulse to evaluate full energy shock effects; and (3) a 490 ampere, 370 msec continuing current to evaluate the thermal effects of a lightning strike. These tests show that the Orbiter outer panel pyrotechnics are adequately protected against damage resulting from a lightning strike.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Ninth Conf. on Space Simulation; p 85-103
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simple, novel technique was developed for generating a large-diameter, uniform electron beam with appropriate current density for spacecraft charging studies.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 549-555
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  • 34
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Tantalum-cased tantalum capacitors were tested with regard to temperature stability, capacitance ratio, surge current capabilities, shock, vibration, and thermal shock. They were found to be superior to the conventional wet slug tantalum capacitor cased in silver, since they are more resistant to sulfuric acid. The tantalum-cased tantalum capacitors are widely accepted for use in critical electronic equipment because of their excellent performance and reliability.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the ASPE(MSFC Symp. on Eng. and Productivity Gains from Space Technol.; p 227-247
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The objective of the literature search was to determine the required material properties and electron interaction parameters needed for modeling charge buildup and breakdown in insulators. A brief overview of the results of the literature search is given. A partial list of the references covered is included in a bibliography. Although inorganic insulators were also considered in the search, coverage is limited to the organics, primarily Kapton and Teflon.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 569-591
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A technique was developed for measuring surface charge distribution near interfaces without placing any measuring apparatus near the face of the samples. The results of measurements which were made on FEP Teflon and Kapton dielectrics, before and after are given flashover, with various types of interfaces. Also given are data showing mean time between flashovers for various configurations exposed to a variety of environmental conditions. Several charge transfer mechanisms are considered as a means by which stable charge distributions may be maintained near interfaces.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging-Technol. Conf.; p 503-717
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A solution to the energy problem is suggested through the technology of photovoltaic electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen. Efficient solar devices are discussed in relation to available solar energy, and photovoltaic energy cost. It is concluded that photovoltaic electrolytic generation of hydrogen will be economically feasible in 1985.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Proc. of the ASPE(MSFC Symp. on Eng. and Productivity Gains from Space Technol.; p 257-269
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  • 38
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A modular, multiple output power converter was developed in order to reduce costs of space hardware in future missions. The converter is of reduced size and weight, and utilizes advanced heat removal techniques, in the form of heat pipes which remove internally generated heat more effectively than conventional methods.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Proc. of the ASPE(MSFC Symp. on Eng. and Productivity Gains from Space Technol.; p 249-255
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results are described of a series of current conduction tests with a thermal control blanket to which grounding straps have been attached. The material and the ground strap attachment procedure are described. The current conduction tests consisted of a surge current examination of the ground strap and a dilute flow, energetic electron deposition and transport through the bulk of the insulating film of this thermal blanket material. Both of these test procedures were used previously with thermal control blanket materials.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 527-547
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N78-30521.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-156809
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Both open and encapsulated varieties of high reliability, low weight, and high efficiency moderate and high voltage transformers were investigated to determine the advantages and limitations of their construction in the ranges of power and voltage required for operation in the hard vacuum environment of space. Topics covered include: (1) selection of the core material; (2) preliminary calculation of core dimensions; (3) selection of insulating materials including magnet wire insulation, coil forms, and layer and interwinding insulation; (4) coil design; (5) calculation of copper losses, core losses and efficiency; (6) calculation of temperature rise; and (7) optimization of design with changes in core selection or coil design as required to meet specifications.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-134992
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The overall objective of the program is to provide the engineering tools to reduce the analysis, design, and development effort, and thus the cost, in achieving the required performances for switching regulators and dc-dc converter systems. The program was both tutorial and application oriented. Various analytical methods were described in detail and supplemented with examples, and those with standardization appeals were reduced into computer-based subprograms. Major program efforts included those concerning small and large signal control-dependent performance analysis and simulation, control circuit design, power circuit design and optimization, system configuration study, and system performance simulation. Techniques including discrete time domain, conventional frequency domain, Lagrange multiplier, nonlinear programming, and control design synthesis were employed in these efforts. To enhance interactive conversation between the modeling and analysis subprograms and the user, a working prototype of the Data Management Program was also developed to facilitate expansion as future subprogram capabilities increase.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135173 , TRW-27744.000
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  • 43
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A window comparator is described, comprising two operational amplifiers, one with two feedback circuits, each feedback circuit having a diode connected to the amplifier output and poled for forward current conduction of opposite polarity, to provide an algebraic difference between an input signal and a selected set-point voltage. Differential input terminals of the second operational amplifier were connected to the separate feedback circuits of the first operational amplifier, one input terminal to the output of one diode, and the other to the output of the other diode. A selected window-width voltage was connected through a coupling resistor to one of the input terminals of the second operational amplifier to determine when the algebraic difference of the input signal and the setpoint voltage has exceeded a predetermined tolerance after that difference has changed signs.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 44
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The functional characteristics and design of the 100 Mega Symbol per Second (MSPS) symbol synchronizer are described, and test data obtained from the brassboard are presented. It was shown that symbol rates to 100 MSPS can be properly synchronized and detected at signal to noise ratios down to -2 db with detection degradation less than 1.5 db.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-151593 , TRW-7333.21-12
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It was found that ion beam texturing of silicon surfaces can be used to increase the effective surface area of MOS capacitors. There is, however, a problem with low dielectric breakdown. Preliminary work was begun on the fabrication of ion implanted resistors on textured surfaces and the potential improvement of wire bond strength by bonding to a textured surface. In the area of ion beam sputtering, the techniques for sputtering PVC were developed. A PVC target containing valinomycin was used to sputter an ion selective membrane on a field effect transistor to form a potassium ion sensor.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135314
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Efforts expended in testing, analyzing and the development of a meaningful definition of the mean number of peak pulses before failure (mp2bf) levels of a family of transient voltage suppressor devices were documented. Tests were done to determine the ability of the transient suppressor to effectively and reliably protect against severe short term, millisecond range, and transient voltages of the types resulting from inductive load switching and induced lightning. Existing pulse testing instrumentation was utilized, interfaced to an automatic sequencing test rack accommodating up to 50 devices. Tests were performed in step stress increments of 25% beginning at 25% and extending thru 100% rated I(pp) for each voltage category. The four voltage types test were the 6.8V, 33V, 91V, and 190V. Engineering efforts addressed the problem of improving the reliability of the 190V types.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150499
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mathematical representations of a state-plane switching boundary employed in a state-trajectory control law for dc-to-dc converters are derived. Two approaches to implementing the control law are discussed; one approach employs a digital processor and the other uses analog computational circuits. Performance characteristics of experimental voltage step-up dc-to-dc converters operating under the control of each of these implementations are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: ESA Spacecraft Power Conditioning; p 281-296
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A hybrid microcircuit standard was developed after a thorough review of applicable NASA, military, industry, and technical society specifications and standards and compilation of comments from technical reviewers throughout the hybrid industry. The draft of the standard submitted to the technical reviewers, the comments from the reviewers, and the completed standard are discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150484 , DCN-1-7-EC-07661-1F
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A sustained-arc ignition system was developed for internal combustion engines. It produces a very-long-duration ignition pulse with an energy in the order of 100 millijoules. The ignition pulse waveform can be controlled to predetermined actual ignition requirements. The design of the sustained-arc ignition system is presented in the report.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-73833 , E-9420
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A superconducting microbridge is provided for use in superconducting quantum interference devices wherein a pair of spaced layers of superconductive material are connected by a weak link bridge to establish an electrical junction. The superconductive layers and bridge are coated with a semiconductor material shunting the bridge at room temperatures to prevent the destruction of the device by minute electrical currents while the coating acts as a dielectric permitting normal electrical behavior of the microbridge at cryogenic temperatures.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A breadboard bypass control system was developed to control a battery comprised of 26 JPL-developed negative limited Ni-Cd cells. The system was designed to automatically remove cells from the circuit when their voltages exceeded a fixed limit on charge and fell below a fixed limit on discharge. Major components of the system consisted of a cell voltage monitor, a multiplexing circuit, and individual electromechanical relays for each cell. The system was found to function well in controlling the battery during a simulated 10-month MM-71 mission and a 2-month simulated low earth orbit cycling mission. A flight version of the bypass system was estimated to have a total parts count of 150 and total weight of 1.63 kg. When fully developed, the system shows promise for improving life and reliability of spacecraft batteries.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-155271 , JPL-PUB-77-65
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Designs were formulated for four CW, millimeter wavelength traveling-wave tubes having high efficiency and long life. Three of these tubes, in the 42 to 44 GHz frequency region, develop power outputs of 100 to 300 watts with overall efficiencies of typically 45 percent. Another tube, which covers the frequency range of 84 to 86 GHz, provides a power output of 200 watts at 25 percent efficiency. The cathode current density in each design was 1A/sq cm. Each tube includes: metal-ceramic construction, periodic permanent magnet focusing, a two step velocity taper, an electron beam refocusing section, and a radiation cooled three-stage depressed collector. The electrical and mechanical design for each tube type is discussed in detail. The results of thermal and mechanical analyses are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-134670 , W-06553
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A calculation by Knott, for the floating potential of a spherically symmetric synchronous-altitude satellite in eclipse, was adapted to provide simple calculations of upper bounds on negative potentials which may be achieved by electrically isolated shaded surfaces on spacecraft in sunlight. Large (approximately 60 percent) increases in predicted negative shaded-side potentials are obtained. To investigate effective potential barrier or angular momentum selection effects due to the presence of less negative sunlit-side or adjacent surface potentials, these expressions were replaced by the ion random current, which is a lower bound for convex surfaces when such effects become very severe. Further large increases in predicted negative potentials were obtained, amounting to a doubling in some cases.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 369-387
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A statistical summary of the electrical characterization of diodes and transistors is presented. Each parameter is presented with test conditions, mean, standard deviation, lowest reading, 10% point (where 10% of all readings are equal to or less than the indicated reading), 90% point (where 90% of all readings are equal to or less than indicated reading) and the highest reading.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150464
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A statistical summary of electrical characterization was performed on JANTX 1N5619 silicon diodes. Parameters are presented with test conditions, mean, standard deviation, lowest reading, 10% point, 90% point, and highest reading.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150462
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  • 56
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A power factor control system for use with ac induction motors was designed which samples lines voltage and current through the motor and decreases power input to the motor proportional to the detected phase displacement between current and voltage. This system provides, less power to the motor, as it is less loaded.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A malfunction detection system for detecting malfunctions in electrical signal processing circuits is disclosed. Malfunctions of a hearing aid in the form of frequency distortion and/or inadequate amplification by the hearing aid amplifier, as well as weakening of the hearing aid power supply are detectable. A test signal is generated and a timed switching circuit periodically applies the test signal to the input of the hearing aid amplifier in place of the input signal from the microphone. The resulting amplifier output is compared with the input test signal used as a reference signal. The hearing aid battery voltage is also periodically compared to a reference voltage. Deviations from the references beyond preset limits cause a warning system to operate.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technique is described for determining the applicability of a particular process for the fabrication of large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Test arrays were developed to isolate various critical processing steps in a fabrication sequence and a statistical evaluation of these steps was carried out that related yield or success in achieving a desired result to the number of times the results were attempted. It was found that, in general, yield is a sensitive function of physical dimensions as is the packing density of a particular array. It is, therefore, possible to generate an optimum set of physical dimensions or design rules that maximize the expected number of working circuits on a wafer.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: RCA Review; 38; Sept
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  • 59
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analog circuitry, also referred to as Linear, has been nearly run over by the digital/computer bandwagon. This is unfortunate because tremendous advances are being made in the field of analog integrated circuitry. Each year's progress raises the state-of-the-art, bringing achievements not possible even the year before. Many of the traditional prejudices against analog circuitry are no longer valid. This report attempts to summarize what is available now and what can (and can't) be done with analog integrated circuitry.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: AD-A052048 , NSWC/WOL/TR-77-173
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The necessary data to create a new class of specifications was the objective of this characterization program. Sample selection was made according to the following criteria: (1) manufacturer or qualified distributor; (2) two vendors; and (3) two date codes. The general guidelines for procurement were two QPL vendors, JAN or JANTX, and two manufacturing lots, 27 from each lot. All data were acquired with three digit accuracy. The data processing and calculation of statistical parameters were performed by the Tektronix computer system using 4 digit display.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150670
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An instrumentation system is currently under development which will measure many of the important parameters associated with the operation of an internal combustion engine. Some of these parameters include mass-fraction burn rate, ignition energy, and the indicated mean effective pressure. One of the characteristics of an internal combustion engine is the cycle-to-cycle variation of these parameters. A curve-averaging instrument has been produced which will generate the average curve, over 100 cycles, of any engine parameter. the average curve is described by 2048 discrete points which are displayed on an oscilloscope screen to facilitate recording and is available in real time. Input can be any parameter which is expressed as a + or - 10-volt signal. Operation of the curve-averaging instrument is defined between 100 and 6000 rpm. Provisions have also been made for averaging as many as four parameters simultaneously, with a subsequent decrease in resolution. This provides the means to correlate and perhaps interrelate the phenomena occurring in an internal combustion engine. This instrument has been used successfully on a 1975 Chevrolet V8 engine, and on a Continental 6-cylinder aircraft engine. While this instrument was designed for use on an internal combustion engine, with some modification it can be used to average any cyclically varying waveform.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TP-1055 , E-9159
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The data processing and calculation of statistical parameters was performed by the Tektronix computer system. The data acquired for easy vendor to vendor and date code to date code analysis are summarized. Each parameter is presented with test conditions, mean, standard deviation, lowest reading, 10% point (where 10% of all readings are equal to or less than the indicated reading), 90% point (where 90% of all readings are equal to or less than the indicated reading) and the highest reading.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150461
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  • 63
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A statistical summary of electrical characterization was performed on JAN diodes and transistors. Parameters are presented with test conditions, mean, standard deviation, lowest reading, 10% point, 90% point and highest reading.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150463
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  • 64
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The CMOS/SOS design rules prepared by the RCA Solid State Technology Center (SSTC) are described. These rules specify the spacing and width requirements for each of the six design levels, the seventh level being used to define openings in the passivation level. An associated report, entitled Silicon-Gate CMOS/SOS Processing, provides further insight into the usage of these rules.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150320
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The LSI standard cell array technique was used in the fabrication of more than 20 CMOS custom arrays. This technique consists of a series of computer programs and design automation techniques referred to as the Computer Aided Design And Test (CADAT) system that automatically translate a partitioned logic diagram into a set of instructions for driving an automatic plotter which generates precision mask artwork for complex LSI arrays of CMOS standard cells. The standard cell concept for producing LSI arrays begins with the design, layout, and validation of a group of custom circuits called standard cells. Once validated, these cells are given identification or pattern numbers and are permanently stored. To use one of these cells in a logic design, the user calls for the desired cell by pattern number. The Place, Route in Two Dimension (PR2D) computer program is then used to automatically generate the metalization and/or tunnels to interconnect the standard cells into the required function. Data sheets that describe the function, artwork, and performance of each of the standard cells, the general procedure for implementation of logic in CMOS standard cells, and additional detailed design information are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-78126
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An electrical power system which uses a microprocessor for systems control and monitoring is described. The microprocessor controlled system permits real time modification of system parameters for optimizing a system configuration, especially in the event of an anomaly. By reducing the components count, the assembling and testing of the unit is simplified, and reliability is increased. A resuable modular power conversion system capable of satisfying a large percentage of space applications requirements is examined along with the programmable power processor. The PC global controller which handles systems control and external communication is analyzed, and a software description is given. A systems application summary is also included.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TP-1016 , M-227
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Failure detection and substitution of a spare module is provided in a system having a plurality of phase staggered modules connected in parallel to deliver regulated voltage from an unregulated source. Phase control signals applied to the active converter modules are applied to the spare module through NOR gates associated with and disabled by the power output of respective modules such that failure of any one enables its phase control signal to be applied to the spare module, thus controlling the spare module to operate in the phase position of the failed module. A NAND gate detects when any one active module fails and enables a gate in the spare module, thus activating the spare module.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 68
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Circuitry for maintaining an arc or spark across a spark gap for a desired length of time is disclosed. A high voltage, direct current source is connected in series with a secondary winding of a high voltage, stepup transformer or coil and a spark gap such as a spark plug for example. The high voltage source may be on continuously or may be turned on and off by a control circuit such as a solid state switch which is, in turn, responsive to a timing device such as a set of ignition contact points or a magnetic pulse generator operating in synchronism with a spark ignition engine. The timing device also provides signals to a current switching circuit which interrupts, current flow through a primary winding of the high voltage coil at the prescribed time that a spark is desired at the spark gap.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation into the characteristics of three phase, 400 Hz, induction motors of the general type used on aircraft and spacecraft is summarized. Results of laboratory tests are presented and compared with results from a computer program. Representative motors were both tested and simulated under nominal conditions as well as off nominal conditions of temperature, frequency, voltage magnitude, and voltage balance. Good correlation was achieved between simulated and laboratory results. The primary purpose of the program was to verify the simulation accuracy of the computer program, which in turn will be used as an analytical tool to support the shuttle orbiter.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-74762 , JSC-12899
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview of the intermittent/transient (IT) fault study is presented. An interval survivability evaluation of digital systems for IT faults is discussed along with a method for detecting and diagnosing IT faults in digital systems.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-153743
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This note shows that the optimal control of dynamic systems with uncertain parameters has certain limitations. In particular, by means of a simple scalar linear-quadratic optimal control example, it is shown that the infinite horizon solution does not exist if the parameter uncertainty exceeds a certain quantifiable threshold; we call this the uncertainty threshold principle. The philosophical and design implications of this result are discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-157619 , AD-A053064 , AFOSR-78-0643TR , IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control; 22; 3; 491-495
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 48; Sept
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  • 73
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An integral-eigenvalue problem is formulated for a crossed rectangular waveguide and solved numerically by applying the Ritz-Galerkin method. Theoretical formulas for determining cutoff frequencies and modal-field expressions are obtained for the specific case of a symmetrical rectangular waveguide, cutoff frequencies are calculated numerically, and the results are verified by comparison with available experimental data. The modal fields are expressed in terms of Fourier series for both TE and TM modes. It is found that the bandwidth can be increased to a maximum of 38% when the waveguide dimensions are properly selected and that the numerical results are in agreement with those computed by the method of partial regions. Some practical applications of the modal-field equations are briefly noted.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-25; Sept
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  • 74
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Electrical Engineering Department of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University has developed a microelectronics laboratory as a result of research involving microelectronics and metallic-oxide studies over the past five years. Work on characterization and applications of metallic-oxide devices is currently being conducted. This paper reports on the fabrication of eight oscillator devices on a 1-in. square alumina substrate using metallic-oxide materials developed as a result of the research program. Significant technological capabilities of the laboratory relative to the microelectronics industry in the area of microelectronic-component evaluation are also discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The combination of a bandpass limiter and an n-th power tracking loop is considered. Performance of the combination does not depend on the form of the nonlinear function used to create the n-th harmonic signal as long as some energy in that zone is produced. The order in which the limiter and n-th power nonlinearity occur is unimportant so that the results apply equally well to the n-phase Costas type of implementations of the n-th power loops. Closed form expressions for the signal suppression factors are obtained. Coherent and noncoherent SNR's out of the n-th power-limiter combination can be expressed in terms of two of these suppression factors. The loop SNR of an n-th power-limited phase locked loop is estimated by simply calculating the suppression factors for n-th and 2n-th power loops. Finally, n-th power phase locked loops without limiters are compared with similar loops with limiters; the limiter can actually enhance output SNR at moderate to large input SNR.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-25; June 197
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The combination of a bandpass limiter and an n(th) power tracking loop is considered. It is shown that the performance of the combination does not depend on the form of the nonlinear function used to create the n(th) harmonic signal so long as some energy in that zone is produced. Furthermore, the order in which the limiter and n(th) power nonlinearity occur is unimportant so that the results apply equally well to the n-phase Costas type of implementation of the n(th) power loops. Closed form expressions for the signal suppression factors are obtained and it is shown that the coherent and noncoherent SNR's out of the n(th) power-limiter combination can be expressed in terms of two of these suppression factors. This later point enables one to estimate the loop SNR of an n(th) power-limiter phase locked loop by simply calculating the suppression factors for n(th) and 2n(th) power loops. Finally, n(th) power phase locked loops without limiters are compared with similar loops with limiters where it is shown that the presence of the limiter can actually enhance the output SNR at moderate to large values of input SNR.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: International Conference on Communications; Jun 12, 1977 - Jun 15, 1977; Chicago, IL
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Performance characteristics from on-orbit tests of the Transmitter Experiment Package (TEP) for the Hermes Satellite are presented. The tests were conducted from February 8, 1976 through August 8, 1977. The TEP consists of a Power Processing System (PPS), an Output Stage Tube (OST) and a Variable Conductance Heat Pipe System (VCHPS), all of which are described. The OST is a coupled-cavity traveling wave tube with a multistage depressed collector and a stepped velocity-tapered slow wave structure for efficiency enhancement. It has an RF output power of 233 W and overall efficiency of 50.75% at a center band frequency of 12.080 GHz. The PPS provides the required operating voltages, regulation, control and protection for the OST. The VCHPS consists of a fin radiator and three dual-artery stainless steel heat pipes using methanol and a mixture of inert gases. Test results presented include efficiencies, RF output power and body current. A discussion of thermal anomalies which occurred is presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Symposium on Hermes (Communications Technology Satellite): Its Performance and Applications; Nov 29, 1977 - Dec 01, 1977; Ottawa; Canada
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The application of pulse modulation control (choppers) to dc motors creates unique instrumentation problems. In particular, the high-harmonic components contained in the current waveforms require frequency-response accommodations not normally considered in dc instrumentation. In addition to current sensing, accurate power measurement not only requires adequate frequency response but also must address phase errors caused by the finite bandwidths and component characteristics involved. This paper discusses the implications of these problems and reports on the degree to which they have been solved at Lewis Research Center.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: EVC PAPER 7744 , International Electric Vehicle Exposition and Conference; Apr 26, 1977 - Apr 29, 1977; Chicago, IL
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A liquid-neon-cooled magnet has been designed to produce 30 teslas in steady operation. Its feasibility was established by a previously reported parametric study. To ensure the correctness of the heat transfer relationships used, supercritical neon heat transfer tests were made. Other tests made before the final design included tests on the effect of the magnetic field on pump motors; tensile-shear tests on the cryogenic adhesives; and simulated flow studies for the coolant. The magnet will be made of two pairs of coils, cooled by forced convection of supercritical neon. Heat from the supercritical neon will be rejected through heat exchangers which are made of roll-bonded copper panels and are submerged in a pool of saturated liquid neon. A partial mock-up coil was wound to identify the tooling required to wind the magnet. This was followed by winding a prototype pair of coils. The prototype winding established procedures for fabricating the final magnet and revealed slight changes needed in the final design.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Cryogenic Engineering Conference; Aug 02, 1977 - Aug 05, 1977; Boulder, CO
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Topics related to processing and hardness assurance are considered, taking into account the radiation hardening of CMOS technologies, technological advances in the manufacture of radiation-hardened CMOS integrated circuits, CMOS hardness assurance through process controls and optimized design procedures, the application of operational amplifiers to hardened systems, a hard off-the-shelf SG1524 pulse width modulator, and the gamma-induced voltage breakdown anomaly in a Schottky diode. Basic mechanisms are examined, giving attention to chemical and structural aspects of the irradiation behavior of SiO2 films on silicon, experimental observations of the chemistry of the SiO2/Si interface, leakage current phenomena in irradiated SOS devices, the avalanche injection of holes into SiO2, the low-temperature radiation response of Al2O3 gate insulators, and neutron damage mechanisms in silicon at 10 K. Other subjects discussed are related to radiation effects in devices and circuits, space radiation effects, and aspects of simulation, energy deposition, and dosimetry.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Annual Conference on Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects; Jul 12, 1977 - Jul 15, 1977; Williamsburg, VA; US
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Integrated sensing circuits were designed, fabricated, and packaged for use in determining the direction and fluence of ionizing radiation passing through a multiwire proportional chamber. CMOS on sapphire was selected because of its high speed and low power capabilities. The design of the proposed circuits is described and the results of computer simulations are presented. The fabrication processes for the CMOS on sapphire sensing circuits and hybrid substrates are outlined. Several design options are described and the cost implications of each discussed. To be most effective, each chip should handle not more than 32 inputs, and should be mounted on its own hybrid substrate.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-156767
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Cylindrical wound metallized film capacitors rated 2 micron F 500 VDC that had an energy density greater than 0.3 J/g, and flat flexible metallized film capacitors rated at 2 micron F 500 VDC that had an energy density greater than 0.1 J/g were developed. Polysulfone, polycarbonate, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) were investigated as dielectrics for the cylindrical units. PVF2 in 6.0 micron m thickness was employed in the final components of both types. Capacitance and dissipation factor measurements were made over the range 25 C to 100 C, and 10 Hz to 10 kHz. No pre-life-test burning was performed, and six of ten cylindrical units survived a 2500 hour AC plus DC lift test. Three of the four failures were infant mortality. All but two of the flat components survived 400 hours. Finished energy densities were 0.104 J/g at 500 V and 0.200 J/g at 700 V, the energy density being limited by the availability of thin PVF2 films.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135286 , P77-594
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A standard calibration method for any particle impact noise detection (PIND) test system used to detect loose particles responsible for failures in hybrid circuits was developed along with a procedure for preparing PIND standard test devices. Hybrid packages were seeded with a single gold ball, hermetically sealed, leak tested, and PIND tested. Conclusions are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150583 , HAC-REF-D1927
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The relative strengths and weaknesses of 35 commonly used hermetic flat and dual in-line packages were determined and used to rank each of the packages according to a numerical weighting scheme for package attributes. The list of attributes included desirable features in five major areas: lead and lead seal, body construction, body materials, lid and lid seal, and marking. The metal flat pack and multilayer integral ceramic flat pack and DIP received the highest rankings, and the soft glass Cerdip and Cerpak types received the lowest rankings. Loss of package hermeticity due to lead and lid seal problems was found to be the predominant failure mode from the literature/data search. However, environmental test results showed that lead and lid seal failures due to thermal stressing was only a problem with the hard glass (Ceramic) body DIP utilizing a metal lid and/or bottom. Insufficient failure data were generated for the other package types tested to correlate test results with the package ranking.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150597
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A process of fabricating superconducting Nb3Ge tapes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been developed and tapes up to 10 meters long fabricated. The typical properties achieved were: critical temperature T sub c = 20 K, upper critical field H sub c2 = 29 tesla at 4.2 K, and J sub c = 3 to 4 x 10 to the 8th power A m(-2) at 4.2 K, 18 tesla. The relative depression of T sub c and H sub c2 compared with the best thin film samples sputtered on sapphire was due to the presence of Nb5Ge3 second-phase particles used as flux pinning centers and to strains induced by thermal mixmatch with Hastelloy B tape substrates. A peculiar field dependence of flux pinning force that was observed in both CVD and sputtered Nb3Ge indicated a premature pin-breaking mechanism or a phase inhomogeneity. Directions of further optimization work were defined.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135364 , REPT-77-9F1-HYSUC-R9
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A description is given of the physical models employed in the NASCAP (NASA Charging Analyzer Program) code, and several test cases are presented. NASCAP dynamically simulates the charging of an object made of conducting segments which may be entirely or partially covered with thin dielectric films. The object may be subject to either ground test or space user-specified environments. The simulation alternately treats (1) the tendency of materials to accumulate and emit charge when subject to plasma environment, and (2) the consequent response of the charged particle environment to an object's electrostatic field. Parameterized formulations of the emission properties of materials subject to bombardment by electrons, protons, and sunlight are presented. Values of the parameters are suggested for clean aluminum, Al2O3, clean magnesium, MgO, SiO2 kapton, and teflon. A discussion of conductivity in thin dielectrics subject to radiation and high fields is given, together with a sample calculation.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135256 , SSS-R-77-3367
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Current and future requirements for research, development, manufacturing and education in the field of hybrid microelectronic technology were discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CP-2027 , Sep 20, 1977 - Sep 21, 1977; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Cyclic temperature and low temperature operating life tests, and pre-/post-life device evaluations were used to determine the degrading effects of thermal environments on microcircuit reliability. Low power transistor-transistor-logic gates and linear devices were included in each test group. Device metallization systems included aluminum metallization/aluminum wire, aluminum metallization/gold wire, and gold metallization/gold wire. Fewer than 2% electrical failures were observed during the cyclic and low temperature life tests and the post-life evaluations revealed approximately 2% bond pull failures. Reconstruction of aluminum die metallization was observed in all devices and the severity of the reconstruction appeared to be directly related to the magnitude of the temperature excursion. All types of bonds except the gold/gold bonds were weakened by exposure to repeated cyclic temperature stress.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150519
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Measurements of reaction rail currents, reaction rail voltages, and airgap magnetic fields in tests of the Linear Induction Motor Research Vehicle (LIMRV) were compared with theoretical calculations from the mesh/matrix theory. It was found that the rail currents and magnetic fields predicted by the theory are within 20 percent of the measured currents and fields at most motor locations in most of the runs, but differ by as much as a factor of two in some cases. The most consistent difference is a higher experimental than theoretical magnetic field near the entrance of the motor and a lower experimental than theoretical magnetic field near the exit. The observed differences between the theoretical and experimental magnetic fields and currents do not account for the differences of as much as 26 percent between the theoretical and experimental thrusts.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-154528 , JPL-77-36 , FRA/ORD-77/33
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A new technique for the design of multivariable control systems using the multivariable Nyquist array method was developed. A conjugate direction function minimization algorithm is utilized to achieve a diagonal dominant condition over the extended frequency range of the control system. The minimization is performed on the ratio of the moduli of the off-diagonal terms to the moduli of the diagonal terms of either the inverse or direct open loop transfer function matrix. Several new feedback design concepts were also developed, including: (1) dominance control parameters for each control loop; (2) compensator normalization to evaluate open loop conditions for alternative design configurations; and (3) an interaction index to determine the degree and type of system interaction when all feedback loops are closed simultaneously. This new design capability was implemented on an IBM 360/75 in a batch mode but can be easily adapted to an interactive computer facility. The method was applied to the Pratt and Whitney F100 turbofan engine.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-153058 , TR-7701
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The application of pulse modulation control (choppers) to dc motors creates unique instrumentation problems. In particular, the high harmonic components contained in the current waveforms require frequency response accommodations not normally considered in dc instrumentation. In addition to current sensing, accurate power measurement requires not only adequate frequency response but must also address phase errors caused by the finite bandwidths and component characteristics involved. The implications of these problems are assessed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73629 , E-9125 , ERDA/NASA-1011/77/1 , Intern. Elec. Vehicle Exposition; Apr 26, 1977 - Apr 29, 1977; Chicago
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Specifications and qualification tests data are presented for over eleven hundred T3 case all-tantalum capacitors encompassing four ratings. The finalized product has all the advantages of the silver cased wet and is capable of withstanding some reverse potential ac ripple current.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150212
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Errors limiting the application of recursive digital filters which have poles near z = +1 are considered, and a filter structure for pole locations close to z = +1 is proposed. The filter structure, based on digital incremental computers, has low sensitivity and good error characteristics for pole locations near z = +1. Expressions for the roundoff error are derived, and errors associated with the proposed structure and a conventional structure are compared. A design procedure is suggested for implementing the new filter structure when the transfer function is given. Simulation results are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: In: NTC ''77; National Telecommunications Conference; Dec 05, 1977 - Dec 07, 1977; Los Angeles, CA
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Three types of CCD sensors have been successfully incorporated into ICCD (intensified CCD) tubes. Intensifier tubes of varying design and application have been manufactured by three different manufacturers. Typical characteristics of the thinned CCDs incorporated into these ICCD's will be presented. Problems concerning the compatibility of tube processing and CCD performance will be discussed, as well as the procedures used to minimize CCD degradation during tube processing. ICCD tube characteristics will also be presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Solid state imaging devices; Seminar; Aug 23, 1977 - Aug 24, 1977; San Diego, CA
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A development program is currently being undertaken to produce photon-counting detector arrays which are suitable for use in both ground-based and space-borne instruments and which utilize the full sensitivity, dynamic range and photometric stability of the microchannel array plate (MCP). The construction of the detector arrays and the status of the development program are described.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Solid state imaging devices; Seminar; Aug 23, 1977 - Aug 24, 1977; San Diego, CA
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Structural design procedures are described for a large antenna system to meet performance requirements under gravity and wind loading. A computational method is shown for the evaluation of performance in response to wind loading. Cumulative probability distribution curves for wind loading gain reductions for 100-m-diameter antennas are developed to compare a relatively heavy baseline reflector backup structure with two lighter-weight structures; all have equivalent, acceptable performance for gravity loading.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Mechanical Engineering in Radar Symposium; Nov 08, 1977 - Nov 10, 1977; Arlington, VA
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Changes were studied which enable polycarbonate metallized film capacitors to withstand 500 thermal shock cycles while maintaining electrical characteristic integrity without becoming intermittent, and without losing hermeticity. The task was for metallized polycarbonate film capacitors designed to meet MIL-C-39022/9 and MIL-C-83421/1. The capacitor design improvements implemented were the insertion of a rubber washer between spray cap and end seal and the utilization of a flexible lead assembly. One hundred fifty capacitors incorporating the design improvements were manufactured and subsequently underwent 500 thermal shock cycles. One hundred forty nine capacitors survived the test. Failure analysis revealed that the lone failure was due to a poor solder joint, initially detected in pre-screening tests as having poor dissipation factor and equivalent series resistance measurement readings.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150460
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results are presented of a program to design, fabricate, and test CCD arrays suitable for operation in an electron-bombarded mode. These intensified charge coupled devices have potential application to astronomy as photon-counting arrays. The objectives of this program were to deliver arrays of 250 lines of 400 pixels each and some associated electronics. Some arrays were delivered on tube-compatible headers and some were delivered after incorporation in vacuum tubes. Delivery of these devices required considerable improvements to be made in the processing associated with intensified operation. These improvements resulted in a high yield in the thinning process, reproducible results in the accumulation process, elimination of a dark current source in the accumulation process, solution of a number of header related problems, and the identification of a remaining major source of dark current. Two systematic failure modes were identified and protective measures established. The effects of tube processing on the arrays in the delivered ICCDs were determined and are reported along with the characterization data on the arrays.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-159912 , TI-08-77-40
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Using discrete time state variable representation, a generalized computer-aided modeling and analysis of dc-dc converters is presented. The methodology provides exact modeling and is applicable to all types of power stages and duty-cycle control, including continuous and discontinuous inductor current operation. Converter stability, transient behavior and audio susceptibility can be analytically evaluated and predicted. The generalized theory of the proposed approach to converter modeling and analysis is presented first, followed by a demonstrative example applying the theory to a constant frequency buck converter operating in continuous and discontinuous inductor current mode. Excellent agreement with laboratory test data has been observed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Symposium on Control in Power Electronics and Electrical Drives; Oct 03, 1977 - Oct 05, 1977; Duesseldorf; Germany
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The new test method was based on the use of a raster-scanned optical stimulus in combination with special electrical test procedures. The raster-scanned optical stimulus was provided by an optical spot scanner, an instrument that combines a scanning optical microscope with electronic instrumentation to process and display the electric photoresponse signal induced in a device that is being tested.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150474 , P77-396
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