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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (768)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (540)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (325)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (1,639)
  • 1973  (1,639)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (1,639)
Year
  • 1
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    Radiography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Radiography is discussed as a method for nondestructive evaluation of internal flaws of solids. Gamma ray and X-ray equipment are described along with radiographic film, radiograph interpretation, and neutron radiography.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 63-99
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  • 2
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    Ultraviolet spectrometer experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The original scientific objectives and the achieved results are discussed. The upper atmosphere was found to have a variable temperature, with a mean exospheric temperature of 325 K; composed predominantley of CO2. Measurements of hydrogen and ozone are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 53-61
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  • 3
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    Zodiacal light photography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Polarized and red- and blue-filter photographs of zodiacal light obtained by Apollo 17 are analyzed. Attempts were made to identify the cause of subtle change in the observed light and determine the dust composition of the light. A comparison of red and blue images indicates such changes may be caused by particle size distribution and range, number of particles along any given line of sight, particle surface characteristics including dielectric compared to metallic properties, and variations of the parameters as a function of distance from the sun.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 4
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    Effect of photogrammetric reading error on slope-frequency distributions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effect of reading error on two hypothetical slope frequency distributions and two slope frequency distributions from actual lunar data in order to ensure that these errors do not cause excessive overestimates of algebraic standard deviations for the slope frequency distributions. The errors introduced are insignificant when the reading error is small and the slope length is large. A method for correcting the errors in slope frequency distributions is presented and applied to 11 distributions obtained from Apollo 15, 16, and 17 panoramic camera photographs and Apollo 16 metric camera photographs.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 5
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    Near-terminator and earthshine photography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Photographic results obtained during the Apollo 17 flight for the near terminator and earthshine conditions are discussed. Lunar surface photographs taken in the vicinity of the sunshine terminator provide important information that is not obtained on photographs taken at higher sun evaluation angles. Earthshine photography also provides data on low relief, crater morphology, and small scale structures. Examples of photographs of the lunar surface taken under both conditions are provided.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 6
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    Analysis of the dynamics and frequency spectrum synthesis of an optical-mechanical scanning device (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A two-coordinate optical-mechanical scanning device (OMSD), the operating unit of which is a scanning disk, with directional and focusing optics and a board, on which the data carrier is placed, is examined. The disk and board are kinematically connected by a transmission mechanism, consisting of a worm and complex gear drive and a tightening screw-nut with correcting device, and it is run by a synchronous type motor. The dynamic errors in the system depend, first, on irregularities in rotation of the disk, fluctuations in its axis and vibrations of the table in the plane parallel to the plane of the disk. The basic sources of the fluctuations referred to above are residual disbalance of the rotor and other rotating masses, the periodic component of the driving torque of the synchronous motor, variability in the resistance, kinematic errors in the drive and other things. The fluctuations can be transmitted to the operating units through the kinematic link as a flexural-torsional system, as well as through vibrations of the housing of the device.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 301-305
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  • 7
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    Experimental research on aerostatic suspensions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Suspensions for carrying out experimental investigations, for the purpose of studying a number of problems in dynamics and stability of a suspended cylindrical body at various dynamic loads were investigated in the work. The results of the experimental investigations served as a basis for building a stand with a variable resonator. The experimental stand for suspension of cylindrical object, with a comparatively high natural free vibration frequency in the vertical direction, coinciding with the axis of the suspended object, is distinguished by the possibility of regulating the size of the clearance and is intended for carrying out preliminary experimental studies, for the purpose of selection of optimum aerostatic suspension parameters.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 289-291
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  • 8
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    Spectral composition of a measuring signal during measurements of vibration rates of a moving body (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Cybernetics diagnostics of machines and mechanisms using the spectral approach is discussed. The problem of establishing the accuracy of determination of the spectral composition is investigated. In systems with rectilinear or rotary movement, the vibrations appear in the form of movement rate vibrations, which are equivalent to frequency modulation of the signal, in proportion to the mean movement rate of the body. The case of a harmonic signal which reproduces and analyzes the characteristics of the frequency modulated signal is discussed. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 275-278
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  • 9
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    Certain characteristics and capture regions of nonlinear vibrating systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Free vibrations of a system and vibrations which are multiples of them in frequency are discussed. The corresponding periodic forced vibrations of the type n/m (n is the number of periods of disturbance between periods of movement and m is the number of periods of movement in one period of disturbance), generated by a harmonic or close to harmonic disturbance, are propagated close to the corresponding curves of the free vibrations and their frequency multiples. It has been proposed that investigation of transitional modes of motion and capture regions be carried out by precise methods in phase space, with the least number of coordinates. Thus, for example, for nonautonomous second order equations (for example, the Duffing equations), in place of three variables (coordinates, velocity, phases), it is proposed to use two: velocity during transition of the coordinate through zero and phase.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 256-259
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  • 10
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    Transitional modes of motion and capture regions of vibroshock systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A numerical analysis of the transitional modes of motion for a vibroshock system was conducted. The capture regions of the system are emphasized. The three initial parameters for a nonautonomous vibroshock system with one degree of freedom are identified as: (1) coordinates, (2) velocity, and (3) time. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationship of the parameters. Graphs are included to show the nature of the capture regions and to portray the trajectory of motion of mass with time, by solution of differential equations during increase and decrease in time.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 250-255
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  • 11
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    The relationship of transient vibrational processes at a point in a plate to the nature of sudden kinematic disturbances (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A solution is given to the problem of a transient vibration process in a fastened plate, during a sudden displacement of the edge. Some partial cases of excitation are examined in which the packing can be calculated and the explicit type of change in a deformation over time can be found. Some examples are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 204-207
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  • 12
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    Measurement of the vibration of structures with a three-component vibration sensor (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The effects of transverse waves and longitudinal displacements on transverse displacements in a plate are studied using a three component vibration sensor. Limitations of using the sensor in such measurements are: (1) sensor connection to the plate leads to changes in transverse displacement points on the plate surface, (2) the sensor has a finite magnitude of selectivity with respect to vibrations in the direction of the different channel axes, (3) longitudinal displacements of plate surface create restrictions on relative sensitivity of sensor to longitudinal-transverse waves, and (4) tranverse displacement of plate surface during longitudinal wave propagation also creates a restriction on sensor sensitivity to transverse waves.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 190-192
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  • 13
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    Structural analysis of vibroacoustical processes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The method of automatic identification of acoustical signals, by means of the segmentation was used to investigate noises and vibrations in machines and mechanisms, for cybernetic diagnostics. The structural analysis consists of presentation of a noise or vibroacoustical signal as a sequence of segments, determined by the time quantization, in which each segment is characterized by specific spectral characteristics. The structural spectrum is plotted as a histogram of the segments, also as a relation of the probability density of appearance of a segment to the segment type. It is assumed that the conditions of ergodic processes are maintained.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 179-180
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  • 14
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    Vibrational sensitivity of a measuring instrument and methods of increasing the accuracy of its determinations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The properties and peculiarities of two groups of measuring systems reacting to vibrations are discussed. Specifically, results of the action of a three dimensional, cophasal, monoharmonic vibration on the linear system of a measuring instrument was analyzed. Data are also given on the connection between vibration sensitivity and vibration resistance for instruments, methods for estimating vibration resistance, and formulas for expressing test results of vibration resistance. Experimental data are also given for decreasing errors in nonlinear systems during vibrations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 188-189
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  • 15
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    New principles of construction of electromechanical vibration inducers (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Electromechanical vibration inducers with high reliability and low noise level were created to study premature operating losses in their support bearings. An investigation was also made of the feasibility of developing stable synchronous operation of two vibrational inducers, rigidily fastened to a solid body with and without flexible suspension.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 176-178
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  • 16
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    The use of correlation receiving systems for detection of noise sources at short distances (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The use of a directional receiving system to detect noise sources masked by isotropic noise field interference at distances comparable with the distance between the two receivers, was discussed. Wide band noise was also examined. Results indicate the following limitations must be considered when using the method: (1) the system is directional only in the plane of the base, (2) directional power of the system is impaired with a decrease in the bandwidth of the noise source spectrum, (3) the system does not permit unambiguous determination of the direction to noise sources, located on both sides of the base line, and (4) the system has a comparatively low output signal-to-noise ratio.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 171-175
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  • 17
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    Use of the dispersion ratio in estimating the nonlinear properties of an object of diagnosis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: An experimental investigation for estimating the nonlinearity of a diagnostic object was carried out on a single-stage, spur gear reducer. The linearity of the properties of spur gearing (including the linearity of its mode of operation) was tested. Torsional vibrations of the driven wheel and transverse (to the meshing plane) vibrations of the drive wheel on its support were taken as the two outputs of the object to be analyzed. The results of the investigation showed that the degree of nonlinearity of a reducing gear is essentially connected with its operating mode, so that different mathematical models of it can correspond to different values of the system parameters.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 157-159
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  • 18
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    Part 1: The stability of equilibrium shapes of elastic systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: The stability of equilibrium shapes of elastic systems is examined. Stability loss in the case of similar equilibrium shapes, the disappearance of stable equilibrium shapes, and the disappearance of any forms of equilibrium are discussed. The error made by Euler in analyzing stability loss is pointed out, and Mises' truss is used as an example of stability loss in the case of similar equilibrium shapes.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Stability and Oscillation of Elastic Systems: Mod. Concepts, Paradoxes and Errors (NASA-TT-F-751); p 1-183
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  • 19
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    Part 2: Oscillations of elastic systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: Problems of oscillations of linear systems are discussed, including systems with a fractional number of degrees of freedom as well as free oscillations of a cantilever in the field of centrifugal forces. Four methods of solving the problem of the action of periodic instantaneous impulses are presented. The Tacoma catastrophe is analyzed and used as an example of aeroelastic oscillations. Problems of nonlinear system oscillations include the vibration maintenance of rotation, the Sommerfeld effect, and self-oscillations of a quasi-system with dry friction.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Stability and Oscillation of Elastic Systems: Mod. Concepts, Paradoxes and Errors NASA-TT-F-751); p 184-418
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  • 20
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    The use of film actinometry in low intensity ultraviolet irradiation measurement (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: High resolution film was used to measure solar ultraviolet irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nanometers between energy levels of 3 x 10 to the minus 7 power and 130 x 10 to the minus 7 power joules (3 and 130 ergs). The results imply that the film recorded exposure to energy levels from 2.5 to 13 times the expected values. These high values are being evaluated for the influences of other factors that could affect the recorded values.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 155-168
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  • 21
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    Cuvette loading and unloading procedures (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The cuvettes for the flight hardware used in the Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191) were loaded with the biological test systems according to the methods described. After the flight, the experiment package was returned and dismantled. Then, the individual cuvettes were removed from the hardware and unloaded according to the procedures described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 41-48
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  • 22
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    Description of the microbial ecology evaluation device, flight equipment, and ground transporter (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Exposure of test systems in space required the fabrication of specialized hardware termed a Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device that had individual test chambers and a complex optical filter system. The characteristics of this device and the manner in which it was deployed in space are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 21-39
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  • 23
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    Electrical and acoustical resonances of vibrators (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The basic sources of vibration in electrical machines are identified as: (1) unbalanced masses of the rotor, (2) condition of the bearings, and (3) the electromagnetic field gap. Methods for improving the vibration characteristics of electrical machines are proposed. A mathematical model is developed for calculating the damping elements located between the bearings and the mounts.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 235-238
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  • 24
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    A silicon vidicon camera for slow scan operation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A silicon vidicon camera was designed, built, and tested to determine its potential for use aboard future Mariner spacecraft. Slow scan operation is made possible by cooling the vidicon to -40 C. Cooling is achieved by a simple thermal condition path between the vidicon and a radiator mounted on top of the camera head. The camera was successfully operated under simulated space flight conditions and has survived vibration designed to simulate the launch of a Mariner spacecraft. A description of the camera and its operation along with the results of the testing is presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 27-36
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  • 25
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    Solar corona photography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An analysis was made of Apollo 17 solar corona photographs in an effort to identify coronal streamers observed from earth. The photographs corroborate earth based observations; moreover, visual observations made by the Apollo crew indicate clearly identifiable streamers which extend to approximately 100 solar radii.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 26
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    Apollo 17 laser altimeter (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The performance and operation of the Apollo 17 laser altimeter after several modifications are discussed. Functions of the instrument include precise altitude measurement of the CSM above the lunar surface, and measurement of broad scale topographic relief around the entire circumference of the moon.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 27
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    Repeatability of elevation measurements: Apollo photography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Sun elevation angle effects on repeatability, using Apollo 15 photographs are analyzed and results extended to slope related effects. Preliminary results indicate repeatibility of elevation measurement is related to contrast in the stereoscopic image.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 28
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    Photographic summary (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The photographic objectives of the Apollo 17 mission are discussed. The photographic requirements are divided into lunar surface photographs and orbital photographic tasks. The cameras used during the mission are listed and a general description of the tasks for which each was used is provided. Examples of photographs taken during lunar orbit and on the lunar surface are included. The cameras used and the photographic coverage obtained during specific phases of the mission are reported.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 32 p
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  • 29
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    Identification of an object by input and output spectral characteristics (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The problem is discussed of identification of a linear object of known structure, the movement of which is described by a system of differential equations of the type y = Ay + Bu, where y is an n-dimensional output vector, u is an m-dimensional vector of stationary, random disturbances (inputs), A and B are matrices of unknown parameters of the dimension, n x n and n x m, respectively. The spectral and reciprocal spectral densities of the inputs and outputs are used as the initial information on the object.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 139-141
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  • 30
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    Investigation of vibrations of working elements of a two coordinate scanner (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Radial and axial vibration measurements on the scanning disk and the data storage board of an optical-mechanical scanner are evaluated. Statistical processing of the observational data establishes the excitation source and determines the effect of disk torsional vibrations on the data storage board.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 105-106
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  • 31
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    Diagnostics of load vibrations at the inlet of a mechanism (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The torque of a drive shaft in a magnetic recording device was studied by oscillographic recordings. Statistical evaluation of the dynamic spectral densities showed that the principle source of disturbing forces is loading in the drive shaft radial play.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 103-104
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  • 32
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    Analysis of vibration characteristics of thin plates covered with a thin viscous layer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The equation of motion was used to examine the problem of vibrations of a thin elastic plate covered with a thin viscous layer. Mathematical formulation and the solution of the problem are given.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 89-90
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  • 33
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    Experimental estimation of the statistical parameters of vibrations of a shell (using a digital computer), 2 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The statistical characteristics of complex variation amplitudes of shells excited by harmonic force sources in the sound frequency range are examined. Vibrations were measured with a multichannel unit, permitting the component values of a complex vibration amplitude for the i-th measurement point to be obtained at each measured point. An estimation was also made of the nature of the vibration field structure.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 68-73
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  • 34
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    Automation of measurement of spatial damping parameters (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A traveling wave unit was built to process measurement data on spatial damping parameters and to simplify statistical treatment of the results. Mean values of the loss coefficient, lengths of flexual waves, and wave propagation velocities for a given set of discrete functions were determined. Results are given in a table.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 81-82
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    A mathematical modeling method for determination of local vibroacoustic characteristics of structures (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A method is proposed for determining vibroacoustic characteristics from the results of measurements of the distribution of vibrational energy in a structure. The method is based on an energy model of a structure studied earlier. Equations are written to describe the distribution of vibrational energy in a hypothetical diffuse energy state in structural elements.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 74-77
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    Experimental estimation of the statistical parameters of vibrations of a shell (using a digital computer), 1 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The distribution pattern of the amplitudes of vibrations, measured at various points on the surface of a shell, stimulated by a point source of harmonic force in the sound frequency range was studied experimentally. This pattern permits a valid spacing estimate to be carried out of the average structural characteristics of the vibrations, which are used for both estimation of the vibration excitability of the structure and for estimation of the effectiveness of use of a vibration-absorbing covering.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 61-67
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    Statistical parameters of reverberating fields, calculated by computer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A method, developed for making measurements in reverberation chambers in the steady state mode, is reported. Spatial distribution patterns of the square of the sound pressure vs type of exciting signal were produced theoretically and checked experimentally in a reverberation chamber. Results of measurements of spatial irregularities of the field with pure tones and with noise bands in the 200 to 2,000 Hz frequency range were used for calculating statistical parameters of the reverbation fields by computer. The calculation program included determination of density probability function, integral distribution pattern, mathematical expectation, normalized dispersion of the mean square of the pressure.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 57-60
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    Investigation of vibrations in electric power transmission lines (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Research was begun into the dynamic characteristics of wires, including the self-damping properties. A series of wire insulator fastenings, with and without dampers, was also developed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 48-49
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  • 39
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    Analytic description of vibrations in a piping system with pulsating flow (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Various calculation schemes were proposed for describing vibrations in a piping system with pulsating flow. Methods were selected and applied according to the type of irregularities examined: concentrated ones, extended ones, or complex ones. The selection of a method also depends on comparability of the extent of the irregularities with the pressure wavelength and velocity in the flow. Relations were found which permit a description of the interaction of a pulsating flow with any irregularity in the system. For complex systems with varying temperatures and some irregularities, relations were obtained, which reflect the varying phase displacement of the forces in these irregularities. The effect of the frictional torque on pipeline supports, in the presence of flexural and torsional vibrations was investigated, on the assumption that the frictional torque depends linearly on the angular velocity.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 51-52
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  • 40
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    Investigation of the reactions of skin panels in relation to duration of acoustical loading (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Certain characteristics of the reactions of typical skin panels of a passenger aircraft to acoustical loading are being investigated, for development of an objective method of diagnostics for skin condition, under the operations and maintenance sections of civil aviation. There are a number of difficulties connected with the solution of this problem. The reactions of skin panels exposed to the noises of the exhaust jets are dependent on the aircraft operating conditions, the geometric parameters and limiting conditions of the panels.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 41-43
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    The use of a digital computer for calculation of acoustic fields of complex vibrating structures by the reciprocity principle (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A program was compiled for calculating acoustical pressure levels, which might be created by vibrations of complex structures (an assembly of shells and rods), under the influence of a given force, for cases when these fields cannot be measured directly. The acoustical field is determined according to transition frequency and pulse characteristics of the structure in the projection mode. Projection characteristics are equal to the reception characteristics, for vibrating systems in which the reciprocity principle holds true. Characteristics in the receiving mode are calculated on the basis of experimental data on a point pulse space velocity source (input signal) and vibration response of the structure (output signal). The space velocity of a pulse source, set at a point in space r, where it is necessary to calculate the sound field of the structure p(r,t), is determined by measurements of acoustic pressure, created by a point source at a distance R. The vibration response is measured at the point where the forces F and f exciting the system should act.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 53-56
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  • 42
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    Identification of a mechanical vibration system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The actual values of the parameters of a precision instrument assembly vibration system are determined according to experimental amplitude-frequency characteristics. The assembly is considered as a complex mechanical vibrating system, consisting of elements with concentrated and distributed parameters. A calculation procedure was compiled.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 36-37
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  • 43
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    Automatic measuring device for octave analysis of noise (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: An automatic decoder is described that counts noise levels by pulse counters and forms audio signals proportional in duration to the total or to one of the octave noise levels. Automatic ten fold repetition of the measurement cycle is provided at each measurement point before the transition to a new point is made.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 25-27
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  • 44
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    Use of the mathematical modelling method for the investigation of dynamic characteristics of acoustical measuring instruments (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The schematic diagram of a noise measuring device is presented that uses pulse expansion modeling according to the peak or any other measured values, to obtain instrument readings at a very low noise error.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 10-12
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  • 45
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    System for automated measurement of full-scale noises and vibrations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: On-line devices are described for measuring the electrical spectrum of a signal in the presence of full scale noise and vibrations. The system includes a set of parallel filters with detectors at the filtration channel outlet. A reciprocal spectral density matrix is used to process the information contained in the interacting signals from various noise and vibration sources.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 3-6
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  • 46
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    Multiple-point unit for remote automatic spectral analysis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: An experimental model of a mechanical spectrometer is reported that permits vibration measurements at 297 points on a mechanical device and processes this information by digital computer for automatic printout.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 1-2
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  • 47
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    Photogrammetric evaluation of Mariner 9 photography (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Some attempts to produce, with an AP/C analytical plotter, stereo models using Mariner 9 pictures are reported. The first attempt using geometrically uncorrected mission test video system (MTVS) imagery failed; the second, using corrected reduced data record (RDR) pictures also failed, probably because they were reconstructed through a vidicon display which introduces additional distortion. By using images obtained from RDR tape data through the Optronics Photowrite device, models were successfully obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 587-592
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Mars atomic oxygen 1304-Angstrom emission (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Selected results are presented for a considerable quantity of Mariner 9 1304-A data for the first 100 revolutions from both the bright limb and disk of Mars. The limb data suggest that the exospheric temperature is less than it was in 1969 when Mariners 6 and 7 encountered the planet. Similar (O) concentrations (0.5 to 1%) are derived for a temperature of about 300 K. Structure in the limb profiles below 200 km suggests the possibility that about 0.2 kR of the observed approximately 0.8 kR near 150 km is due to dissociative excitation of CO2. Significant differences in selected limb profiles suggest that local as well as random variations in (O) occur.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 355-368
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Seasonal variation of ozone on Mars (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: On Mars, the Mariner observations show a twenty-fold variation in the amount of ozone, depending on the presence or absence of another minor constituent, water vapor, in the atmosphere. In the evolution of earth's primitive atmosphere, the formation of an ozone layer may have played an important role in the prebiotic chemistry that took place on the surface. The seasonal formation and disappearance of ozone in the contemporary Martian atmosphere may be of consequence in any prebiotic chemistry that may be occurring there.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 369-372
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  • 50
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    Passive microwave images of lake ice (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Photographic data and microwave emission images from the Great Lake ice formation are compared for their applicability to commercial shipping interests. A synoptic view of the microwave radiation from the lake area ice shows a large variation in brightness temperature. The snow ice appears to have the highest microwave brightness temperatures, whereas the thick clear ice shows up some 30 degrees kelvin colder, and the thin clear ice is colder still with a 1.55 cm radiation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 187-189
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    A new method of measurement of tension on a moving magnetic tape (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The possibility of no-contact measurement of the tension on a moving magnetic tape, assuming the tape is uniform, is discussed. A scheme for calculation of the natural frequency of transverse vibrations of magnetic tape is shown. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters. The method is applicable to the analysis of accurate tape feed mechanisms design.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 229-231
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    Compensation of vibrations of a unidimensional structure and a plane acoustical field (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: Endless structures are realized in practice, in the presence of loss and to an adequate extent, owing to which, reflections from the edges to the center part of the structure can be disregarded. In the absence of losses, reflections from the boundary frequently have to be taken into account. In this case, besides compensation for waves passing through the boundary, the reciprocal connection system can be used for compensation of the total field ahead of the boundary. In these cases, the system converters can be located in a different manner relative to the boundary and to one another. Each of the locations has inherent peculiarities, which must be taken into account in solving specific problems.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 222-228
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  • 53
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    Active damping of unidimensional structures (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The vibration characteristics of an unidimensional structure are discussed. The cases considered are: (1) a rigid pipe in which a wave propagates, (2) an infinite string along which a transverse wave propagates, (3) a rod along which longitudinal or torsional columns propagate, and (4) generally a unidimensional propagation of some one mode of vibrations which is nondegenerating with distance. Mathematical models are developed to show the performance of the mechanical devices under various damping conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 216-221
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    Method of accounting for instrumental distortions during observation of signals (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: A method is proposed for accounting for instrumental distortions in linear systems with known dynamic characteristics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 193-194
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  • 55
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    Low frost-point humidity generator (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A low frost-point humidity generator has been developed at NBS to provide a capability for calibration, testing, and research at very low levels of water vapor content in such gases as atmospheric air, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The generator produces frost points from -30 to -100 C at ambient pressures from 500 to 200,000 pascals (0.005 to 2 atm.). This is equivalent to mixing ratios of 4 micrograms to 51 grams of water vapor per kilogram of dry air and to vapor pressures of .0014 to 38 pascals. The generated test gas can be fed to a test chamber with independent temperature control between +25 and -100 C. The uncertainty of the frost point in the test chamber is estimated not to exceed 0.05 deg C.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Research; vol. 77A
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  • 56
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    A variable step incremental procedure (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a variable step incremental procedure for the solution of nonlinear equations in finite element structural analysis. The proposed procedure is effective in improving the accuracy of the basic incremental technique and in providing, in addition, an accurate estimate of the discretization error. The proposed approach is highly appropriate for solving problems for which the user has no a priori estimate of the step size to use.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 7; 4, 19; 1973
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  • 57
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    Further discrete variable results for a panel flutter optimization problem (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Numerical solutions are presented for the problem of minimum weight design of a thin one-dimensional, simply supported, solid panel in compression, with one side exposed to a parallel high supersonic air flow. The flutter speed is held fixed and a minimum thickness constraint is imposed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 7; 4, 19; 1973
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    Hot-wire coil probe for high-speed flows (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Small-diameter-wire coil probes developed for use in a hypersonic helium tunnel are discussed. The springlike properties of the coil minimize strain-gauge effects, and allow to use a higher length-to-diameter ratio for a given flow. In addition, the coil is more rugged for sudden flow changes, and since it can be mounted straight across the support tips, there is less support interference in cross flows. In addition to measuring fluctuating quantities in a boundary layer, the probes were used with a constant temperature anemometer for measuring mean mass flow profiles, and with a constant current anemometer for measuring mean total temperature profiles.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 59
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    Increase in transmittance of unbacked aluminum filters exposed to RF or dc discharges in oxygen (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results of an experimental study of the effect of discharges in oxygen on the oxide thickness and transmittance of aluminum filters. The studies were performed by exposing the filters to RF discharges and dc glow discharges in oxygen. In all experiments except one in which an aluminum ring was used as the cathode an increase in the transmittance of the filters is noted. It is thus demonstrated that the transmittance of aluminum filters increases on exposure to electrical discharges in oxygen, although it is not certain whether this phenomenon is caused by atomic oxygen.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Dec. 197
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    Performance characteristics of proximity focused ultraviolet image converters (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Performance characteristics of Bendix type BX 8025-4522 proximity focused image tubes for UV to visible light conversion are presented. Quantum efficiency, resolution, background, geometric distortion, and environmental test results are discussed. The converters use magnesium fluoride input windows with Cs-Te photocathodes and P-11 phosphors on fiber optic output windows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Dec. 197
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    Use of three-dimensional photoelasticity in fracture mechanics (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The philosophy of fracture mechanics is reviewed and utilized to formulate a simplified approach to the determination of the stress-intensity factor photoelastically for three-dimensional problems. The method involves a Taylor Series correction for the maximum in-plane shear stress (TSCM) and does not involve stress separation. The results are illustrated by applying the TSCM to surface flaws in bending fields. Other three-dimensional problems solved by the TSCM are cited.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    Molecular beam techniques applied to mass spectrometric thermospheric density measurements (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 44; Oct. 197
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    Use of LEED, Auger emission spectroscopy and field ion microscopy in microstructural studies (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Evaluation of fatigue-crack growth rates by polynomial curve fitting (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Fundamental characterization of the constant-amplitude fatigue crack propagation is achieved by an analysis of the rate of change of crack length with change in number of applied loading cycles, defining the rate values such that they are consistent with the basic assumption of smoothness and continuity in the fatigue crack growth process. The technique used to satisfy the analytical conditions and minimize the effects of local material anomalies and experimental errors is that of fitting a smooth curve to the entire set of basic data by least square regression. This yields a well-behaved function relating the number of cycles to the crack length. By taking the first derivative of the function, the crack growth rate is obtained for each point. The class of curve fitting functions used in the analysis is the polynomial of degree n.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 9; Mar. 197
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    Skylab's photographic workhorse (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: There are ten Data Acquisition Cameras (DAC) aboard the Skylab workshop, and one additional is aboard each of the three command modules that ferry astronauts to Skylab. These cameras will transport approximately 40,000 feet of 16-mm film at frame rates from time exposures to 24 frames per second (fps). The heart of the 16-mm DAC system is a unique sequence camera. Approximately 80% of the Skylab 16-mm film will be exposed at 2 fps to maximize data acquisition time and remain within spacecraft return weight limitations. Of the approximately 225 accessories, the most unique item is the 400-foot magazine system.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Spectra; 7; Dec. 197
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    Evaluation of Raman scattering as a sensor of temperature and molecular density (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The performance of the Raman scattering technique for the remote monitoring of temperature and molecular number density in various wind tunnel and engine testing facilities has been experimentally evaluated. Temperature measurements were made by monitoring the pure rotational spectrum of nitrogen and the rotational branch separations of nu2 of CF4 for temperatures in the range 300 to 1000 K. These measurements yielded an average error of 2.6 and 7.6%, respectively, for temperature measurements at pressures near 1 atm. Molecular number density measurements with 20% error could be made at densities as low as 3.5 times 10 to the 22-nd power per cu m by monitoring the 6 to 8 rotational transition of nitrogen, 3.5 times 10 to the 23-rd power per cu m by monitoring the Q-branch of the fundamental vibrational transition of nitrogen, and 7 times 10 to the 22-nd power per cu m by monitoring the nu1 fundamental vibrational transition of CF4.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Spectroscopy; 27; Nov
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    An improved numerical process for solution of solid mechanics problems (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper gives an overview of the development and status of an improved numerical process for the solution of solid mechanics problems. The proposed process uses a mixed formulation with the fundamental unknowns consisting of both stress and displacement parameters. The problem is formulated either by means of first-order partial differential equations or in a variational form by using a Hellinger-Reissner-type mixed variational principle. For presentation purposes, the components of a numerical process are characterized and the criteria for an ideal process are outlined. Commonly used finite-difference and finite-element procedures are examined in the light of these criteria and it is shown that they fall short in a number of ways. The proposed numerical process, on the other hand, satisfies most of the optimality criteria and appears to be particularly suited for use with the forthcoming generation computers.
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    Preparation of ultra small samples for optical and microprobe analysis (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper describes a simple but satisfactory new method for the preparation of tiny, varied and specialized specimens for electron or ion-microprobe analysis developed over the past five years. Microtektites, individual chondrules, single grains, blebs from lunar samples and meteoritic minerals have been prepared by this technique. A description of the preparation of these usually difficult samples from the initial mounting through the various polishing steps to their final polish is presented in detail. The procedures used to prevent any contamination of these specimens by the polishing agents and to prevent cross contamination to the other samples used for geochronology studies are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Meteoritics; 8; Sept. 30
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    A diode-quad bridge circuit for use with capacitance transducers (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 44; Oct. 197
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  • 70
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    A refined analysis of composite laminates (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to develop a sufficiently accurate analysis, which is much simpler than exact three-dimensional analysis, for statics and dynamics of composite laminates. The governing differential equations and boundary conditions are derived by following a variational approach. The displacements are assumed piecewise linear across the thickness and the effects of transverse shear deformations and rotary inertia are included. A procedure for obtaining the general solution of the above governing differential equations in the form of hyperbolic-trigonometric series is given. The accuracy of the present theory is assessed by obtaining results for free vibrations and flexure of simply supported rectangular laminates and comparing them with results from exact three-dimensional analysis.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 30; Oct. 22
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  • 71
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    A directional low energy gamma-ray detector (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The sensitivity of a directional gamma ray detector, which relies on blocking a source to determine its direction and energy spectrum, is calculated and compared to the more conventional well shaped shielded detectors. It is shown that such an anticollimator detection system provides a basis for measuring the celestial diffuse gamma ray background, gamma ray sources and bursts with good energy, angular, and time resolution, and that additionally the system is 20 to 50 times as sensitive as conventional detectors when compared on a per unit mass basis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Goddard Contrib. to the Los Alamos Conf. on Transient Cosmic Gamma and X-ray Sources; 28 p
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  • 72
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    Vibration characteristics of aluminum plates reinforced with boron-epoxy composite material. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analytical and experimental data on the vibration characteristics of cantilevered winglike flat trapezoidal aluminum plates are presented. The plates had been reinforced with boron-epoxy composite material which had been placed symmetrically about the plate middle surface. The effect of filament orientation on the mode shapes and frequencies of the first ten modes and on the damping coefficients of several of the lowest frequency modes has been investigated experimentally. Experimental data are compared with results from a finite-element analysis. Stiffness properties of the composite material for use in the analysis were determined from vibration tests of composite reinforced aluminum beams.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Composite Materials; 7; July 197
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  • 73
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    Apollo 16 far-ultraviolet camera/spectrograph - Instrument and operations. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A far-ultraviolet camera/spectrograph experiment was designed and constructed for studies of the terrestrial upper atmosphere and geocorona, the interplanetary medium, and celestial objects from the lunar surface. The experiment was successfully operated during the Apollo 16 mission 21-23 April 1972. Discussed are the design and operating principles of the instrument, the actual events and operations during the Apollo 16 mission, and also anomalies encountered and suggested improvements for future experiments of this type. This experiment demonstrated the utility of the electronographic technique in space astronomy, as well as the great potential of the lunar surface as a base for astronomical observations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 74
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    Confocal backscatter laser velocimeter with on-axis sensitivity. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A confocal backscatter laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) that measures two velocity components has been developed. This device requires only two incident beams polarized normally to one another. Moreover, the velocity components sensed are nearly orthogonal. The velocimeter employs a combined dual-scatter, local oscillator arrangement to obtain the bidirectional sensitivity. Two photodetectors are used, each sensing only one Doppler frequency proportional to one of the very nearly orthogonal velocity components. In addition, a single Bragg cell serves to frequency bias both velocity components in order to eliminate directional ambiguity. A differencing technique has also been incorporated to enhance the dual-scatter Doppler signal corresponding to the transverse velocity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 75
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    Interference filters for the VUV /1200-1900 A/. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of modified aluminum-dielectric Fabry-Perot interference filters fabricated on a Schroeder evaporation-monitor apparatus (1962) for use at wavelengths below 1700 A. The filters were made for stellar photometers flown in the Wisconsin Experiment on the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory and for use in rocket-borne experiments and laboratory calibration work.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 76
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    Digital multichannel photometry with digicons (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The digital system is described and compared to other sensor systems. The digicon system starts with a photocathode, has magnetic focusing of the accelerated photoelectrons, and the electrons hit an array of solid-state diodes. These characteristics, however, are the only ones which are applicable to both the digicon and the other systems. With the digicon system, instead of attempting to read the resulting charges on the diodes by probing electrons, or by a charge transfer out, an actual physical wire is connected to each separate diode. This provides a huge advantage in improved signal-to-noise ratio.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Advanced Electro-Opt. Imaging Tech.; p 107-123
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  • 77
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    Fracture analysis of surface- and through-cracked sheets and plates. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Neuber stress-concentration relation for notches in an elastic-plastic material subjected to shear loading was generalized for a crack in a finite plate subjected to tensile loading. An equation was derived which related the linear elastic stress-intensity factor, the applied stress, and two material parameters. The equation was then used as a two-parameter fracture criterion for surface- and through-cracked specimens. Fracture data from the literature on surface- and through-cracked sheet and plate specimens of steel, titanium alloy, titanium weldment, and aluminum alloy tested at room and cryogenic temperature were analyzed according to the proposed equation. For surface cracks, wide ranges of crack-depth to crack-length ratio and crack-depth to specimen-thickness ratio were considered. For through cracks, wide ranges of crack length and specimen width were also considered.-
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  • 78
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    Using computers to analyze continuous data. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Dynamic field measurements often involve large quantities of continuous data, which must be analyzed and interpreted to obtain meaningful information. The processing can often be accomplished by tape-recording the data in analog form, performing off-line digitalization, and using the result as an input to statistical programs on a digital computer. A time series analysis was used to obtain power spectral density (PSD) curves to identify dominant frequencies. Representative PSD plots were obtained for STOL aircraft during cruise. Vibrational energy was clearly concentrated below 0.1 Hz, and was much higher in the vertical than in the lateral direction.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instruments and Control Systems; 46; Sept
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  • 79
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    Polarization - A key to an airborne optical system for the detection of oil on water. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Skylight polarization, which varies with the position of the sun in the sky, influences the contrast of oil on water. Good contrast is most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth directions toward or away from the sun. Contrast is enhanced by imaging selected polarization components and by taking the difference between orthogonal polarization components.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Science; 180; June 15
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  • 80
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    NASA/Max Planck Institute Barium Ion Cloud Project. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Munich, Germany, conducted a cooperative experiment involving the release and study of a barium cloud at 31,500 km altitude near the equatorial plane. The release was made near local magnetic midnight on Sept. 21, 1971. The MPE-built spacecraft contained a canister of 16 kg of Ba CuO mixture, a two-axis magnetometer, and other payload instrumentation. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the interaction of the ionized barium cloud with the ambient medium and to deduce the properties of electric fields in the proximity of the release. An overview of the project is given to briefly summarize the organization, responsibilities, objectives, instrumentation, and operational aspects of the project.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 81
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    A high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We have developed a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer having a resolution of 0.5/cm over the range of wavelength from 1 to 5.5 microns. It has been used to observe the sun over this wavelength range from a Lear Jet flying at an altitude of 14 km, and to observe a number of stars from the ground, using the 229-cm telescope of the Steward Observatory and the 152-cm aluminum-mirror telescope at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional in the Sierra de San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. The solar spectrum is given here, while the ground-based spectra are being published separately.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 85
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  • 82
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    Far ultraviolet spectral radiance calibrations at NBS. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The range of NBS radiometric calibration services has been extended into the far ultraviolet region of the spectrum where a dc high-power hydrogen wall-stabilized arc is used as a primary standard of spectral radiance. A capability in the range from 130 to 360 nm (overlapping conventional tungsten strip lamp radiometry) is presently available with estimated uncertainties between 5 and 10%, depending upon wavelength. The status of radiometric source standards in the far ultraviolet is briefly reviewed, and the hydrogen arc and NBS calibration facility are described in detail. The use of commercially available mercury Krefft-Rossler lamps and deuterium arc lamps as transfer or secondary standards is discussed, and the spectra of these lamps calibrated with the hydrogen arc standard are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 12; May-June
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  • 83
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    Mariner Mars 1969 infrared spectrometer - Gas delivery system and Joule-Thomson cryostat. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cryogenics; 13; Sept
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  • 84
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    High-quantum-efficiency infrared up-conversion. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experimental study in which 100% conversion of infrared photons into visible photons was achieved through three wave interactions in a nonlinear medium. The first experimental evidence of overconversion is presented, and the classical theory of up-conversion in the high-conversion-efficiency region is confirmed. A laser pump light feedback technique is described that promises to make the process practical with modestly powerful pump lasers and less than perfect nonlinear crystals. The nonlinear medium used was a LiIO3 crystal that cannot be 90-deg phase-matched. The 'walk off' that resulted helped make possible the attainment of 100% conversion efficiency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 23; Sept. 1
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  • 85
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    Photoluminescence and optical transmission of diffusion-pump oils. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The photoluminescence and optical transmission of the four widely used diffusion-pump oils, DC-705, DC-704, Convalex-10, and Convoil-20, were measured. Each of the oils was found to be transparent throughout the visible region, showed some absorption in the near-UV region, and became very opaque below approximately 300 nm. Both Convalex-10 and Convoil-20 turned yellow after exposure to UV light. No such change was noted in DC-705 or DC-704. Photoluminescence was produced in each of the four oils when irradiated with UV light. Both DC-705 and DC-704 had a nearly identical luminescence spectra that peaked at 350 nm. The spectra of Convalex-10 and Convoil-20 were fairly complex, with several peaks in the visible region.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Sept
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  • 86
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    The diffraction grating - An opinionated appraisal. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As a dispersing device for spectroscopy, the prism was by 1950 being supplanted by the diffraction grating, which provided broader spectrum coverage, gave higher intrinsic dispersion, and was more flexible to use. Today most gratings are three-dimensional and blazed, being embossed with thousands of identical mirrors. The relative merits of gratings in comparison with new interferometric scanning devices are examined, taking into account Fourier spectroscopy. Problems of grating ruling are discussed together with the status of ruling engines, and questions of ruling with mechanical engines.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Sept
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  • 87
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    New techniques for far-infrared filters. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The techniques considered make it possible to construct high performance low-pass wide-band, and medium-band filters at wavelengths in the range from 25 to 300 micrometers. Short wavelength rejection without appreciable loss at long wavelengths is achieved by means of small particle scattering. Spectral definition in the far infrared is obtained by cooling one or more crystalline materials to liquid-He or liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The problem of reflection losses at the various surfaces is solved by a new antireflection coating technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Sept
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  • 88
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    The elastic layer with a cylindrical hole subjected to a nonuniform axisymmetric radial displacement. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A problem in the linear theory of elasticity is considered wherein a layer with a circular cylindrical hole is subjected to a nonuniform axisymmetric radial displacement. The solution utilizes Navier's equations of elasticity which are solved by means of extended Hankel transforms. A special case in which the radial displacement is a linear function of the axial coordinate is presented. Numerical results are given in graphical form for the case when hole radius and layer thickness are equal. The inversion integrals were evaluated numerically using Longman's technique for computing infinite integrals of oscillatory functions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Acta Mechanica; 17; 1-2,; 1973
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  • 89
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    Frequency response of short pressure probes. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Exterior and inlet probe geometries are governed by details of particular applications, such as flow angles, pressure gradients, and probe blockage. Frequency responses of all probes considered were computed on the basis of a rigorous analysis. Measured amplitude ratios and phase angles generally fell within the experimental error of the computer values. A sinusoidal pressure generator for the frequency range from 300 to 5000 Hz was used to obtain frequency responses experimentally.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instruments and Control Systems; 46; Aug. 197
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  • 90
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    A comparison of two transient methods of measuring thermal conductivity of particulate samples. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A comparison is made of the line source (LS) method and the differential line source (DLS) method of measuring thermal conductivity of particulate materials in vacuum. The DLS method requires more instrumentation in the measuring circuitry (an additional amplifier and a differentiating circuit), but since it does not require a stable temperature to initiate a test, it does not need a sample temperature control system. DLS tests can be taken as the temperature in the samples is rising from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature. This eliminates the practice of extrapolating thermal conductivity over this large temperature range. Also, the advantages of reduced test time, data reduction time, and small sample temperature rise enable the experimenter to take about 7-12 DLS tests in the time of 2 LS tests. Test data from the two methods agree very well.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 44; Aug. 197
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  • 91
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    A comparison of the efficiency and focused stray light characteristics of a conventionally ruled- and a holographically produced-concave diffraction grating in the vacuum ultraviolet. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics Communications; 8; July 197
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  • 92
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    A simple method for studying slow crack growth. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple, inexpensive method for studying slow crack growth is described. The method entails measurements of load relaxation at constant displacement using a double torsion specimen. It is demonstrated that the data generated using this technique are in excellent agreement with data obtained using the more complex conventional techniques, for a range of materials - steel, titanium, glass, aluminum oxide, PMMA. These encouraging initial results suggest that additional and more detailed studies using this test procedure are merited.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Testing and Evaluation; 1; July 197
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  • 93
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    Structural optimization by methods of feasible directions. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general design algorithm based on methods of feasible directions is presented. Zoutendijk's method of feasible directions is first presented as applied to structural design. This method is modified to improve numerical stability of the design process and is then further modified to deal efficiently with infeasible designs. The algorithm requires the analytic gradient of the objective function and the constraint functions which are active at a given stage in the design process. Gradient information is not required for nonactive constraints. Complex constraint functions may be ignored in the initial design stages because violation of these constraints is efficiently overcome later in the design process. The algorithm is demonstrated with elastic design of redundant trusses.
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  • 94
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    Computer based analyses of the response of box type structures to random pressures. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of the vibration of the internal structure of a relatively simple flight vehicle structural model consisting of a multicellular box in which two parallel outer face plates (skins) are connected together by several internal plates (ribs) which are parallel to each other and normal to the face plates. Such a box is representative of a wing or stabilizer structure. Three representations of the structure were considered in the computation. The simplest model which can account for the coupling between the face plates and the ribs is a two-dimensional assembly of beams. A more realistic, yet still simple, three-dimensional model has been developed using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The third computational method employed was the NASTRAN finite-element displacement method. The computational results are compared with experimental data.
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  • 95
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    Evaluation of pinholes in unbacked metal film filters to be used in rocket- and satellite-borne XUV spectroheliographs. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 96
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    Verification of performance of the Mariner 9 television cameras. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The large volume of picture data produced by the Mariner 9 Television Experiment, in addition to providing a description of the planet Mars, emphasizes the need for in situ verification of camera performance. Such data provide the basis for initial quantitative image interpretation by confirmation of the relevance of preflight measurement. This information must be the result of planned calibration sequences rather than extraction from nominal mission photography. A lack of sufficient numbers of frames restricted Mariner camera verifications to only limited operational modes under optimal conditions and required significant extrapolation over the duration of the mission. The evidence does suggest that measurable photometric changes occurred, whereas agreement with preflight data is observed for other parameters.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 97
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    The oblique electron lens. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An oblique electron lens is described that is especially applicable to image converters and camera tubes employing flat opaque photocathodes. The use of optical lenses, corrector plates, and/or mirrors (often employed in other electron lenses designed for use with opaque photocathodes) are eliminated. The oblique electron lens is well suited to ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet image converters, and to image converters employing opaque negative electron affinity photocathodes. It is also possible to use this oblique electron lens for electronography. Measurements on an experimental tube show that a limiting resolution of 50 line pairs/mm is possible, but the intrinsic lens quality is believed to approach that of a conventional electromagnetic lens having uniform and colinear electric and magnetic fields.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-20; July 197
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  • 98
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    Developing structures technology for the day after tomorrow. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: To prepare for new demands on aircraft structures, NASA has established a number of goals. These include automatic analysis and design, building confidence in advanced composites, improving the technology base for future supersonic and hypersonic vehicles, validating concepts for active controls, developing methods for predicting aircraft loads and aeroelasticity, and generating design methods for assuring structural integrity. Progress made in achieving these goals is discussed in detail.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; July 197
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  • 99
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    A new technique for Auger analysis of surface species subject to electron-induced desorption. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method is presented to observe surface species subject to electron-induced desorption by Auger electron spectroscopy. The surface to be examined is moved under the electron beam at constant velocity, establishing a time-independent condition and eliminating the time response of the electron spectrometer as a limiting factor. The dependence of the Auger signal on the sample velocity, incident electron current, beam diameter, and desorption cross section is analyzed. It is shown that it is advantageous to analyze the moving sample with a high beam current, in contrast to the usual practice of using a low beam current to minimize desorption from a stationary sample. The method is illustrated by the analysis of a friction transfer film of PTFE, in which the fluorine is removed by electron-induced desorption. The method is relevant to surface studies in the field of lubrication and catalysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 44; July 197
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  • 100
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    Optical constants of concentrated aqueous ammonium sulfate. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Using experimental data obtained from applying spectroscopy to a 39-wt-% aqueous ammonium sulfate solution, it is shown that, even though specific aerosol optical constants appear quite accurate, spectral variations may exist as functions of material composition or concentration or both. Prudent users of optical constant data must then include liberal data error estimates when performing calculations or in interpreting spectroscopic surveys of collected aerosol material.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 12; July 197
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