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  • Ultrastructure  (178)
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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
  • 550 - Earth sciences
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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Commission for the Geological Map of the World
  • Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis
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  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
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  • 1
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    A Glimpse into the Seismicity of the Ionian Islands between 1658 and 1664 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mostly based on traditional catalogues, without further research, several modern parametric catalogues are nevertheless straightforward, without question marks, and easily misleading (chronology, epicentre, epicentral intensity, not to speak of magnitude). The example of an Ionian time-window (1658-1664), with several major events, shows that the historical seismicity of the Ionian Islands, often thought to be well-known, actually needs a more or less drastic revision. A wealth of sources was collected, mostly from the Archives of the Republic of Venice, then ruling the main three islands of the Ionian Archipelago; it was ascertained that there are no important chronological gaps in the surviving documentation. Similarly outstanding, and in fact at the basis of a more balanced and precise view of one of the events in this time-window, are the souvenirs of Christoff von Degenfeld, a German nobleman at the service of the Republic of Venice. His manuscript, discovered at the library of Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1992, has been consulted again in the original, on the occasion of the preparation of this paper. Some question marks remain on the distributions of macroseismic effects of the earthquakes within this time-window, and this is due to the lack of information concerning the mainland. For this reason this study does not propose epicentres and, of course, magnitudes. An unusually long documentary appendix is provided, with the hope that it might contribute in discouraging authors of parametric earthquake catalogues from hasty exploitation and interpretation of often unreliable current catalogues.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-91
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Ionian Islands 1658-1664 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Jean Vogt 1929-2005. His Life as a Seismologist, Geologist, Geographer, and Historian (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Jean Vogt was born in 1929 in Strasbourg (France), where he attended primary and secondary school. At the University of Strasbourg, he graduated in Geography, and majored in Geomorphology. His professor was the geographer Jean Tricart, who taught him the importance of both geological field work and archive investigation. In 1955 he joined the French West-Africa Geological Service and later the French Bureau for Geology and Mines (BRGM). Along the following 20 years he lived as a “geological” globetrotter in a number of countries, dispensing his time between the field and the archives. In these years, he was concerned mainly with mining geology, geomorphology, superficial deposits, and landslides. This unique experience led him in 1975 to the responsibility of the “Seismo-Tectonic Project”, the BRGM project in relation with the French nuclear power programme. From 1975 to 1984, he gave a substantial impulse to the study of French historical earthquakes, and since then he visited almost every public archive in France, and several major archives and libraries in Europe and abroad. He took care at the same time of the follow-up of macroseismic studies of present-day earthquakes. After he retired in 1984, he continued on a personal basis his investigations of historical earthquakes, in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caribbean area. Alongside and for about 50 years, Jean Vogt investigated uninterruptedly the agrarian history of Northeastern France and Southwestern Germany. He published in scientific journals and in local learned societies bulletins more than 500 notes and articles devoted to a variety of subjects, such as soil erosion, agriculture, cattle trade, and social conflicts. Jean Vogt died on 5 June 2005 in Strasbourg. His scientific legacy consists of a wealth of published papers, manuscripts, documentation related to history and seismology, awaiting to be further exploited, as he would have done.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-16
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Jean Vogt ; biography ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    Strong Earthquakes in North-Western Africa in the Second Half of the 17th Century, AD: A Critical Reappraisal of the Historical Evidence (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-184
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; North Africa Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    Investigation of pre-1700 Earthquakes Between the Adda and the Middle Adige River Basins (Southern Alps) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While the seismicity of the Southern Alps is high in the Eastern sector, corresponding to the Veneto and Friuli regions, it decreases towards West up to the Adda River. In the sector between the Lessini Mts. and Eastern Friuli the damaging earthquakes are clustered in a well defined seismic belt, where seismogenic sources responsible for earthquakes with Mw 6 have been defined in recent works. In contrast, the knowledge of the Southalpine sector West of this area is sparser; the area experienced some earthquakes with Mw〉5.5 and varied events with 4.8≤Mw≤5.5 the distribution of which is, apparently, random. For the area roughly defined by the basins of the Adda River to the West and the middle Adige River to the East, this paper reappraises the background knowledge of the earthquakes occurred before 1700. The investigation and the results are presented according to two successive periods, up to 1995 and from 1995 on. In the research performed up to 1995, the most important achievements concerned two different aspects: i) the assessement of several “fake quakes”, some of which were the object of paradigmatic case-histories; ii) the resizing and relocation of several, presumed damaging earthquakes. Though this round of investigation changed significantly the picture of the seismicity with respect to the Seventies, the research continued. For the period from 1995 on, the discussion focuses on the reliability of the available information; material that received little or no consideration before, new historical findings and comments to the seismological interpretation as in the most recent literature are also presented. This part includes also the discussion of archaeoseismological evidence of damage related to past earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-129
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: historical seismology ; Adda and Middle Adige River Basins ; Southern Alps ; archaeoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
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    In Troubled Times, in a Divided Country: The 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Valtiberina region (central Italy) has a seismic record going back to the Middle Ages and including five Io 〉 VIII MCS earthquakes, the earliest of which (1352, 1389, 1458). though recently and extensively studied, remain rather poorly known. This makes it all the more important to ensure that the later ones (1789, 1917) are as throughly studied as possible. The 1789 earthquake is listed by the current Italian catalogue (CPTI Working Group 2004) with Io VIII-IX MCS and Mm 5.8. These parameters were assessed from a database of 28 macroseismic intensity data points (Castelli et al. 1996), which is less than plentiful for a late 18th century earthquake. An analysis of the historical context of the 1789 earthquake and its influence on the production of contemporary accounts evidences a few research paths that previous studies either did not or could not take. Following them, the macroseismic database of the 1789 earthquake can be noticeably improved, providing the catalogue compiler with a mean to check the reliability of its current parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249-260
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 7
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    Orbits (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 8
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    Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins : the Central European Basin System (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    Preface to the special issue dedicated to Archaeoseismology (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: This special issue of Journal of Seismology, dedicated to Archaeoseismology, shows the current trends of research in this young branch of seismology. The beginning of modern archaeoseismological practice during the 1980’s and the investigations made during the 1990’s were in many cases conditioned by the lack of cooperation among the spcialists from different scientific diciplines. Numerous publications resulted from the work of archaeologists, in some cases in collaboration with experts in earthquake-geology or seismology, but rarely such work included a complete and multidisciplinary approach and in situ analysis of the evidence. In many cases, archaeoseismological studies were limited to the detection of traces of past earthquakes in archaeological remains without a seismological perspective aiming to derive quantitative parameters necessary to fully describe a past earthquake (magnitude, etc.). In other cases, such investigations were limited to the analysis of archaeological reports of excavations made years or decades earlier. A step towards the quantification of seismological aspects was represented by the “territorial” approach, trying to reconstruct a picture of an earthquake by detecting its signs over a wider region. This procedure was, however, limited by the scarcity and reliability of published or unpublished archaeological material, usually adopted without a critical review.
    Description: Published
    Description: 393–394
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Archaeoseismology, ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Archaeoseismology: methodological issues and procedure (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Archaeoseismic research contributes important data on past earthquakes. A limitation of the usefulness of archaeoseismology is due to the lack of continuous discussion about the methodology. The methodological issues are particularly important because archaeoseismological investigations of past earthquakes make use of a large variety of methods. Typical in situ investigations include: (1) reconstruction of the local archaeological stratigraphy aimed at defining the correct position and chronology of a destruction layer, presumably related to an earthquake; (2) analysis of the deformations potentially due to seismic shaking or secondary earthquake effects, detectable on walls; (3) analysis of the depositional characteristics of the collapsed material; (4) investigations of the local geology and geomorphology to define possible natural cause(s) of the destruction; (5) investigations of the local factors affecting the ground motion amplifications; and (6) estimation of the dynamic excitation, which affected the site under investigation. Subsequently, a ‘territorial’ approach testing evidence of synchronous destruction in a certain region may delineate the extent of the area struck by the earthquake. The most reliable results of an archaeoseismological investigation are obtained by application of modern geoarchaeological practice (archaeological stratigraphy plus geological–geomorphological data), with the addition of a geophysicalengineering quantitative approach and (if available) historical information. This gives a basic dataset necessary to perform quantitative analyses which, in turn, corroborate the archaeoseismic hypothesis. Since archaeoseismological investigations can reveal the possible natural causes of destruction at a site, they contribute to the wider field of environmental archaeology, that seeks to define the history of the relationship between humans and the environment. Finally, through the improvement of the knowledge on the past seismicity, these studies can contribute to the regional estimation of seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 395-414
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: archaeoseismology ; historical seismology ; geoarchaeology ; environmental archaeology ; natural catastrophes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    The 1780 seismic sequence in NE Sicily (Italy): shifting an underestimated and mislocated earthquake to a seismically low rate zone (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The southernmost sector of the Italian peninsula is crossed by an almost continuous seismogenic belt capable of producing M ~ 7 earthquakes and extending from the Calabrian Arc, through the Messina Straits, as far as Southeastern Sicily. Though large earthquakes occurring in this region during the last Millennium are fairly well known from the historical point of view and seismic catalogues may be considered complete for destructive and badly damaging events (IX £ Io £ XI MCS), the knowledge and seismic completeness of moderate earthquakes can be improved by investigating other kinds of documentary sources not explored by the classical seismological tradition. In this paper, we present a case study explanatory of the problem, regarding the Ionian coast between the Messina Straits and Mount Etna volcano, an area of North-eastern Sicily lacking evidence of relevant seismic activity in historical times. Now, after a systematic analysis of the 18th century journalistic sources (gazettes), this gap can be partly filled by the rediscovery of a seismic sequence that took place in 1780. According to the available catalogues, the only event on record for this year is a minor shock (Io = VI MCS, Mw = 4.8) recorded in Messina on March 28, 1780. The newly discovered data allow to reinstate it as the mainshock (Io = VII–VIII MCS, Mw = 5.6) of a significant seismic period, which went on from March to June 1780, causing severe damage along the Ionian coast of North-eastern Sicily. The source responsible for this event appears located offshore, 40-km south of the previous determination, and is consistent with the Taormina Fault suggested by the geological literature, developing in the low seismic rate zone at the southernmost termination of the 1908 Messina earthquake fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Macroseismic data ; MCS-EMS intensity scales ; 1780 Seismic sequence ; Seismotectonics ; NE Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    The 1138-1139 and 1156-1159 destructive seismic crises in Syria, south-eastern Turkey and northern Lebanon (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The aim of this study is to shed light ontwo important destructive seismicsequences, about 20 years apart (1138–1139and 1156–1159), which hit the northernsector of the Dead Sea transform faultsystem (DSTFS), in the easternMediterranean region. Although some ofthese earthquakes were already known to thescholarly tradition, the interpretationsprovided until today have largely beenpartial and characterised by uncertaintiesand discrepancies among the variousauthors. Our study has developed throughresearch into the original Arabic, Syriac,Armenian and Latin texts and a criticalanalysis relating to a territory fragmentedby the presence of the Christian-Latinstates. This analysis has allowed us toshed light on the already existing, albeitoften uncertain, information and to add newelements of these two important series ofearthquake shocks to our knowledge base.As regards the first seismic sequence(October 1138–June 1139), apart from havingdefined the date with greater accuracy,eight new locations affected have beenidentified, unknown to previous studies.The shocks jolted a vast area withdestructive effects, including theterritory of Aleppo (modern Halab, Syria)and the western part of the region ofEdessa (modern Urfa, Turkey).The second seismic sequence (September1156–May 1159) was much longer anddevastating, and hit a huge area, includedbetween the present-day territories ofnorth-western Syria, northern Lebanon andthe region of Antioch (modern Antakya, insouthern Turkey). A detailed analysis ofthe primary sources has allowed toreconstruct the series of shocks withchronological detail of the effects,improving our previous knowledge. Lastly,the authors formulate an hypothesis as tothe possible seismogenic zones affected.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-127
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; seismic sequences ; Lebanon ; Syria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Late 17th century earthquakes on the North-African coast (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismology ; North Africa Earthquakes ; Early journalistic sources ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    The changing faces of the earth's magnetic field : a glance at the magnetic lithospheric field, from local and regional scales to a planetary view (2007)
    Commission for the Geological Map of the World
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 15
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    Numerical modeling and phase prediction in deep overpressured basinal settings of the Central Graben, North Sea (2007)
    TU Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 16
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    Biochemistry of the deep microbial ecosystem in the Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well (2007)
    TU Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 17
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    Continental Scientific Drilling : a decade of progress and challenges for the future (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 18
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    Asphaltenes as geochemical markers: A case study from the Norwegian North Sea (2007)
    TU Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 19
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    Earthquake Early Warning Systems (2007)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 20
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    Earth Observation with CHAMP : Results from Three Years in Orbit (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 21
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    Berechnung eislastinduzierter Vertikalbewegungen und Geoidänderungen in Südostalaska mit Hilfe viskoelastischer Erdmodelle (2001)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In Südostalaska wird eine relative Meeresspiegelabsenkung von bis zu 4 cm/ a beobachtet. Da dieses Gebiet während der letzten Kaltperiode durch das Kordillerische Eisschild bedeckt war und noch heute von Vergletscherung geprägt ist, liegt die Vermutung nahe, daß die Meeresspiegeländerungen zumindest teilweise durch isostatische Ausgleichsvorgänge hervorgerufen werden. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen, werden für dieses Gebiet eislastinduzierte Vertikalbewegungen und Geoidänderungen mit Hilfe viskoelastischer Erdmodelle berechnet. Insbesondere werden sechs siebenschichtige Erdmodelle verwendet, die unterschiedliche Viskostitätsprofile berücksichtigen und die Bandbreite der plausiblen Lithosphärenmächtigkeiten abdecken. Das globale Lastmodell ICE-3G wird erweitert und das regionale Lastmodell AL-1 entwickelt, welches die rezente Vergletscherung Südostalaskas berücksichtigt. Weiterhin werden die Ozeane als Last einbezogen. Ein Vergleich der berechneten mit den beobachteten Meeresspiegeländerungen zeigt, daß die Beobachtungen nur zu einen geringen Anteil von wenigen Millimetern pro Jahr durch Isostasie erklärt werden können.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for culturing mammary epithelial cells in a rat tail collagen gel matrix (1983)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 8 (1983), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: growth ; differentiation ; mammary epithelium ; collagen gel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mammary glands are enzymatically dissociated and the resulting tissue digest enriched for epithelial cells by isopycnic banding on a density gradient of Percoll. The cells are embedded within a rat tail collagen gel matrix and fed with the appropriate medium. Growth and differentiation are superior in such a system when compared to culture on plastic, using identical media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01834632
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase in the gastrulating chick embryo (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Gastrulation ; Adenylate cyclase ; cAMP phosphodiesterase ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.1.) and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (E.C. 3.1.4.17.) in the ectoderm of the developmental stage 4 chick embryo was studied. Adenylate cyclase was localized in the lateral surfaces of the ectodermal cells. In the primitive streak cells the enzymatic activity was observed on all the lateral surfaces, whereas in the periphery of the blastoderm the reaction product was localized in the apical parts of the lateral plasma membranes only. cAMP PDE localized in the apical cytoplasm of the ectodermal cells, with highest activity in the globular projections.
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    Electron microscopical study of self-differentiation potency in the chick embryonic endoderm cultured in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Digestive tract ; Endoderm ; Organ culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The self-differentiation potency of the endoderm of the chick embryo was investigated mainly by transmission electron microscopy. Endodermal fragments isolated from 4- to 6-day stomach or small intestine were cultured in the absence of mesenchyme and were able to differentiate in vitro into organ-specific epithelia. Endodermal fragments isolated from the stomach region differentiated into a pseudo-stratified epithelium with periodic acid Schiff-positive mucous granules in the apical cytoplasm, while those from the small intestinal region differentiated into a simple columnar epithelium with a striated border which was positive in alkaline phosphatase activity. These features are comparable with those of the mucous secretory epithelium of the normal embryonic stomach and the absorptive epithelium of normal embryonic small intestine, respectively. Next, the self-differentiation potencies were investigated of the upper and lower layers of the blastoderms, at stages 1–5 of Hamburger and Hamilton (H. and H.). Both stomach-type and small-intestine-type epithelia developed only when fragments of the lower layer isolated from the blastoderms older than stage 3 of H. and H. were cultured, suggesting that cells possessing the potency to differentiate into the stomach- and small-intestine-type epithelia exist in the definitive endoderm at the beginning of its formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848687
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    Cadralazine (ISF 2469): Dose-related antihypertensive activity after single oral administration to patients (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; cadralazine ; single dose ; dose response curve ; hypotensive action ; prolonged effect ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cadralazine (ISF 2469) was administered to 24 hypertensive patients in single oral doses of 7.5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg, according to a single-blind, placebo-controlled, within-patient change-over design. The study was done in 2 stages: in the first a range including the upper and lower doses was studied (7.5, 15, 30 mg and placebo), and in the second the range of doses was restricted (10, 15, 20 mg and placebo). The drug produced a significant decrease in blood pressure in the supine and standing positions. The decrease became clinically important starting from the 15 mg dose. Its action was still significant 12 h after administration. A significant increase in heart rate was also observed. All the effects were correlated with the dose. Side effects occurred mainly after the 30 mg dose. Thus, cadralazine, in a single oral dose in man, showed good antihypertensive activity starting from the 15 mg dose, and its effect was dose-related, slow in onset and long-lasting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613810
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    Increased oral clearance of metoprolol in pregnancy (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 217-220 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; pregnancy ; hypertension ; kinetics ; pre-eclampsia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of oral metoprolol was studied in 5 women during the last trimester of pregnancy and 3 to 5 months after delivery. After a single oral dose of 100 mg the individual peak plasma concentration in the pregnant state was only 20–40% of that after pregnancy. The plasma half-lives of metoprolol were about the same during (average 1.3 h) and after pregnancy (average 1.7 h). By contrast, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was much smallerduring (mean 262 nmol/l×h) thanafter (mean 1298 nmol/l×h) pregnancy, resulting in an average apparent oral clearance (Clo) of metoprolol that was 4.4times higher during (362 ml×kg−1 body-weight×min−1) than after pregnancy. The increased Clo in pregnancy is assumed to be due to enhanced hepatic metabolism of the drug. The possible clinical consequence of the difference in the disposition of metoprolol is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613820
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    Changes in renal function induced by endralazine, a new antihypertensive drug (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; renal clearance ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of endralazine, a new antihypertensive hydrazinopyridazine derivative, on heart rate, mean blood pressure (mBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (CPAH), urine volume (V), the clearance of Na, K, urea (Ur) and uric acid (UA), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were studied in hypertensive patients after a single oral dose of 10–15 mg, and after 8–17 days of treatment with daily doses of 15–90 mg. In the acute experiments, heart rate increased by 27%, mBP decreased on average by 17% and GFR by 33% and CPAH fell by only 5%. Urine volume and electrolyte clearance were also depressed. There was a significant increase in PRA and PA. The fall in GFR correlated directly with mBP, CPAH and the product (mBP×CPAH). The logarithms of the Na clearance and V were correlated with GFR and mBP. The logarithms of the fractional excretion of Na and water also correlated with mBP, suggesting that tubular reabsorption of sodium and water may be affected by change in mBP. The fractional potassium excretion correlated directly with CPAH and ln PA. In contrast, on sustained daily treatment, mBP was less depressed (9%), but GFR increased strikingly by 27% and CPAH by 46%. The body weight increased by 4.5% as a consequence of salt and water retention. GFR was correlated with CPAH, the product (mBP×CPAH) and the increase in body weight. Thus, the improvement in GFR and effective renal plasma flow observed under these conditions may be due, in part, to volume expansion. However, a direct renal vasodilating effect of the drug appears to be the more important determinant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610046
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    Effect of indapamide on the baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 579-583 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indapamide ; hypertension ; baroreflex ; vascular reactivity ; heart rate ; blood pressure change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of chronic treatment with indapamide on blood pressure (BP), baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) and vascular reactivity (VR) were investigated in 10 patients with essential hypertension. After 3 months of therapy with indapamide 2.5 mg/d the mean arterial pressure (MAP) had decreased from 135±6 to 112±2 mmHg (p〈0.001); the heart rate (HR) had not changed, VR had decreased from 6.1±1.2 to 4.8±1.8 (pg·min·kg)−1 (p〈0.05), and BRS had increased from 8.3±3.7 to 12.2±5.3 ms/mmHg (p〈0.005), with a leftshift of the relationship between BP and heart period. An inverse correlation was found between the pre-treatment systolic blood pressure and the change in baroreceptor sensitivity after indapamide (r=0.59; p〈0.05). In conclusion, chronic treatment with indapamide enhances BRS and resets the reflex. The resetting may account for the lack of tachycardia at rest observed after treatment with indapamide. The mechanism by which indapamide interferes with the baroreceptor reflex requires further investigations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542204
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    Plasma nifedipin levels and fall in blood pressure in a 53 year old woman (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 143-144 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; nifedipine ; plasma concentration ; blood pressure response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544032
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    Sequential changes in plasma renin activity and plasma catecholamines in mildly hypertensive patients during acute, furosemide-induced body-fluid loss (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: furosemide ; hypertension ; plasma renin activity ; plasma adrenaline ; plasma noradrenaline ; body fluid loss ; diuretic response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the role of adrenergic mechanisms in the acute response of renin to furosemide, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured for 3 h after i.v. administration of furosemide 1 mg/kg to 8 patients with mild essential hypertension. Furosemide induced a prompt and long-lasting increase in renin, with PRA more than doubled at all times. The increase in PRA within the first 30 min paralleled the peak increases in urinary water and sodium flow rates, and significant decreases in plasma volume and central venous pressure. There was no change in plasma catecholamine concentrations. Plasma noradrenaline was increased significantly at 60 min and adrenaline at 90 min, once furosemide had induced a marked loss of body-fluid and ∼65% decrease in central venous pressure. Both catecholamines remained elevated until the end of the study, whereas urinary water and sodium flow rates had returned to their pre-treatment values by 150 min. Mean blood pressure was essentially unchanged throughout the study, whereas heart rate increased significantly after 90 min. The findings suggest that in mildly hypertensive patients adrenergic mechanisms are not involved in the initial renin response to furosemide, but they come into play later, probably as a result of reflex sympathetic activation triggered by marked volume depletion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037937
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    Ketanserin in essential hypertension: Effects during rest and exercise (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketanserin ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; plasma noradrenaline ; exercise ; orthostatic reflexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ketanserin is a new, specific serotonin receptor blocking agent, which causes vasodilatation, presumably by an action on the vascular wall. The antihypertensive response to ketanserin 40 mg twice daily as monotherapy was assessed in 8 patients with essential hypertension. The investigation was an 8 week, double-blind, cross over study, which also included measurements during isometric (handgrip) and dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry), as well as determination of plasma catecholamines and ketanserin. Ketanserin caused a reduction of supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) during rest and a slight bradycardia. Although there was attenuation of the pressor response to handgrip, treatment with ketanserin did not really affect the changes in BP or heart rate during exercise, i.e. the base-line differences remained the same. There was no significant correlation between the effect on BP and the plasma level of ketanserin. The changes in BP produced by ketanserin showed little correlation with the initial levels of plasma catecholamines or with alterations in those levels. Although the results did not indicate direct interference by ketanserin with sympathetic tone, the lack of reflexogenic tachycardia, as well as the lack of increase in plasma noradrenaline during hand grip, indicates at least some modulation of autonomic function. It is concluded that ketanserin lowers BP in essential hypertension without interference with cardiovascular reflexes during standing or exercise, and that the compound may offer an alternative approach in the treatment of hypertension.
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    Felodipine — A new vasodilator, in addition to β-receptor blockade in hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blocker ; felodipine ; calcium antagonist ; hypertension ; vasodilator ; side effects ; plasma levels ; metoprolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind, cross-over trial, 10 men with primary hypertension, not adequately controlled with a β-blocker alone, were also given felodipine or placebo for periods of one week. Placebo was administered single-blind for 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively, before randomization and between treatments. The dose of felodipine ranged from 6.25 mg to 25 mg. The addition of felodipine resulted in a pronounced (20%), statistically significant reduction in blood pressure (BP) and a small but significant increase in heart rate (HR). The effects were seen within 1–2 h and were maximal after 3–4 h. During steady state treatment the duration of BP reduction was at least 12 h. No orthostatic reaction was seen. There was a significant correlation between the plasma concentration of felodipine and change in BP. The most frequently reported side-effects were headache and ankle oedema, the latter probably being due to pronounced pre-capillary vasodilatation. There was no weight increase and thus no indication of general water retention. No clinically significant change in laboratory variables and no influence on the P-Q time were seen. Thus, felodipine in combination with a β-blocker seems to be a useful addition to the treatment of hypertensive patients whose BP is not adequately controlled with a β-blocker alone.
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    Cardiovascular response to exercise and regional haemodynamics during treatment with prizidilol hydrochloride (SK&F 92 657) in moderately severe essential hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prizidilol ; hypertension ; exercise test ; beta-blockade ; vasodilatation ; haemodynamic effects ; vascular tone ; muscle blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen men with moderately severe essential hypertension were treated with prizidilol hydrochloride 400–700 mg once daily (mean±S.D. 612±56 mg/day). The study was open and ambulatory, with an initial placebo period followed by dose titration of prizidilol. Prior to treatment and during optimal control of blood pressure cardiovascular adaptation was examined in a submaximal exercise test. Plethysomographic assessment of vascular flow, resistance and tone in the calf musculature during supine rest and during maximal vasodilatation was also performed. A highly significant reduction in systolic (from 164±4.5 to 141±2.7 mmHg; p〈0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (from 105±1.6 to 87±1.3 mmHg; p〈0.001) at supine rest was noted during therapy with prizidilol. There was no significant change in heart rate. Systolic pressure in the standing position was reduced (from 159±4.2 to 139±2.9 mmHg; p〈0.001) and so was the diastolic pressure (from 111±2.5 to 95±1.9 mmHg; p〈0.001). The heart rate in the standing position was significantly increased compared to supine rest in the placebo period and during optimal treatment with prizidilol. The β-adrenoceptor blocking properties of prizidilol were apparent as a reduction in the exercise-induced heart rate response at even the lowest work load. During prizidilol therapy an increase in resting calf muscle blood flow was found from 3.1±1.5 ml/min·100 ml to 4.3±2.1 ml/min·100 ml (p〈0.025). Vascular resistance and vascular tone were significantly reduced. No change regarding blood flow or resistance during maximal vasodilatation was noted. It is considered that prizidilol has a clear antihypertensive effect combining β-receptor blocking and vasodilator properties.
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    Absence of an effect of mianserin on the actions of clonidine or methyldopa in hypertensive patients (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 15-19 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; mianserin ; clonidine ; methyldopa ; depression ; α2 receptors ; interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concurrent administration of tricyclic antidepressants has been shown in man to result in a clinically significant impairment of the antihypertensive effect of clonidine. This interaction is thought to be related to competition for central α2 receptors where clonidine acts as an agonist and the tricyclics act as antagonists. Although it seems to cause less cardiovascular effects than tricyclic antidepressants, the tetracyclic antidepressant, mianserin also has been reported to be an α receptor antagonist and may, therefore, also interfere with the antihypertensive activity of centrally-acting drugs. This study investigates the effects of acute and chronic mianserin administration in patients with essential hypertension established on long term treatment with either clonidine or methyldopa. The first dose of mianserin was not associated with an increase in blood pressure and during a further two weeks of mianserin therapy there were no significant alterations in blood pressure, supine or erect. Similarly, mianserin did not alter heart rate either after acute or after chronic administration. Mianserin itself had a sedative effect but there was no interference with the sedation attributable to clonidine or methyldopa. Mianserin caused no reduction in salivary flow and did not influence the reduced saliva production caused by clonidine. Both clonidine and methyldopa are associated with a reduction in sympathetic outflow but there was no evidence in this study of any further change in plasma noradrenaline or 24 h urinary catecholamine excretion. This study demonstrates that if mianserin is given acutely or chronically, it does not interfere with the effects of the centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, clonidine and methyldopa. Mianserin may therefore be a suitable antidepressant for patients receiving these antihypertensive agents if drug treatment for depression is indicated.
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    Nifedipine in the treatment of difficult hypertensives (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; nifedipine ; calcium antagonists ; beta-blockers ; vasodilators ; diuretics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nifedipine has been assessed as a possible alternative to other third line drugs in the management of patients with difficult to control hypertension. A group of 20 patients whose blood pressure was unsatisfactory on a 3 drug regimen had their third drug stopped and after a 2 week period nifedipine was added to their beta-blocker plus diuretic therapy. Eleven became normotensive on 30 mg nifedipine daily and a further 6 on 60 mg daily; giving on overall success rate of 85%. This result was achieved with a reduction in side effects and an absence of any haemodynamic or metabolic complications.
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    Endralazine, a new peripheral vasodilator. Evaluation of safety and efficacy over a 3 year period (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; hypertension ; pindolol ; peripheral vasodilator ; acetylator phenotypes ; antinuclear antibodies ; SLE-syndrome ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nineteen out-patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension were treated daily for 3 years, with an average dose of 13 mg endralazine, a new peripheral vasodilator, in free combination with pindolol 3×5 mg. The blood pressure showed a statistically significant reduction from 172/110 mmHg to 154/92 mmHg after treatment for 3 weeks. Tachyphylaxis was not observed during the 3 year period. Oedema was the most frequent side-effect, but it disappeared spontaneously. No difference in efficacy and tolerance between slow and fast acetylators was found. Only 2 patients developed a weak positive antinuclear antibody titre, which disappeared spontaneously from one during continued treatment. No clinical evidence of a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome was noted. It is concluded that the differences between endralazine and hydralazine in dosage and metabolism may explain the lower immunogenic activity of endralazine.
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    Chronic propranolol administration during pregnancy (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 481-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; pharmacokinetics ; pregnancy ; hypertension ; naphthoxylactic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of propranolol (P) and its major metabolites, propranolol glucuronide (PGLUC), 4-hydroxypropranolol (4OHP), 4-hydroxypropranolol glucuronide (4OHPGLUC) and naphthoxylactic acid (NLA), (Walle et al. 1972) were determined, whenever possible, in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy in thirteen patients and also when these patients were at least three months post-partum. No correlations were found between the mean arterial blood pressure (post-therapy) or the fall in blood pressure as a result of the P therapy (p〉 〉0.05) and P dose, peak P plasma concentrations, peak 4-hydroxypropranolol (4OHP) plasma concentrations or peak (P plus 4OHP) plasma concentrations. However, a positive nonlinear relationship was found between the daily P dose (independent variable) and peak P plasma concentrations over the daily dose range 30–160 mg/day. The elimination half-lives of NLA for patients in the third trimester of pregnancy were significantly shorter (p=0.072, df=13) than those when the patients were at least three months post-partum. Also, the areas under the plasma level-time curves of NLA were significantly less (p〈0.05, df=13) for patients in the third trimester of pregnancy than when these patients were at least three months post-partum. The results of this study indicate that the pharmacokinetics of P, PGLUC, 4OHP and 4OHPGLUC are not significantly altered by pregnancy. However, the kinetics of NLA do appear to be altered. The formation of NLA by N-dealkylation of P and further oxidation, appears to be competitively inhibited by unidentified substances, perhaps endogenous steroids, especially in the third trimester when compared to at least three months post-partum.
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    Pinacidil, a new vasodilator: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new retarded release tablet in essential hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; side effects ; pharmacokinetics ; fluid retention ; retarded release tablet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open study increasing doses of a retarded tablet formulation of pinacidil were given twice daily for four weeks to 9 patients with untreated essential hypertension (WHO I–II). In all patients a decrease in diastolic blood pressure to below 100 mmHg, or a fall exceeding 15 mmHg, was obtained 2 h after tablet intake (p〈0.02), but in only two patients was the effect maintained after 10 hours (n.s.). At a mean serum concentration of 100 ng/ml 2 h after pinacidil 30 mg, the mean blood pressure had decreased by 14 and 12.7 mmHg in the supine and erect positions, respectively (p〈0.05). In contrast, mean blood pressure 10 h after the same dose was unchanged, when the mean serum concentration was 47.5 ng/ml. No change in heart rate was observed. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations showed a tendency towards a more gradual and longer lasting antihypertensive effect and serum concentration-time curve after the retarded tablet than the previous tablet. Pinacidil 40 mg in the retarded tablet reduced mean blood pressure and increased heart rate for at least 8 h. There was a linear correlation between the serum concentration and the changes in mean blood pressure, and between the changes in mean blood pressure and in heart rate. There was no indication of tachyphylaxis. A serum level of 50 ng/ml of pinacidil appeared to be the minimal effective concentration. The side effect consisted of fluid retention, and the body weight increased by 1.0 kg (p〈0.05); four patients complained of oedema. Therapy was discontinued in one patient after a fainting episode following an increase in the dose. Thus, pinacidil was able to lower blood pressure during monotherapy for 4 weeks provided that an adequate serum concentration was achieved. The present retarded tablet formulation is not suitable for b. d. dosing. The tendency towards fluid-retention suggests that pinacidil should be used in combination with a diuretic.
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    The effect of captopril and propranolol on the responses to posture and isometric exercise in patients with essential hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: captopril ; propranolol ; sympathetic nervous system ; noradrenaline ; aldosterone ; renin ; angiotensin converting enzyme ; hypertension ; isometric exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of captopril and propranolol on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline, renin and aldosterone, and on the responses to changes in posture and to isometric exercise were measured in patients with essential hypertension. During placebo administration blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline rose on standing and during isometric exercise. The rise in diastolic blood pressure during isometric exercise correlated significantly with the rise in plasma noradrenaline. During captopril treatment blood pressure was significantly lower than during placebo administration when the patients were lying, standing or sitting, but the reduction during isometric exercise was not significant. Plasma renin increased, but heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and plasma aldosterone remained unchanged. The acute changes in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline produced by standing and isometric exercise during captopril treatment were similar to those during placebo administration. During propranolol treatment diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower than during placebo administration when the patients were lying, standing or sitting and during isometric exercise. Heart rate also fell. Plasma noradrenaline during standing, sitting and isometric exercise was significantly greater than during placebo administration. The changes in plasma noradrenaline measured during propranolol treatment with the patients supine were negatively correlated with noradrenaline values obtained during placebo administration: plasma noradrenaline fell in patients with higher, and increased in those with lower, initial concentrations. The expected acute increase in heart rate on standing and during isometric exercise was blunted by propranolol, but the changes in blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline were unaffected. We conclude that in essential hypertension noradrenaline is involved in the pressor response to isometric exercise. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by captopril did not interfere with the responses of the sympathetic nervous system to postural changes and isometric exercise. During propranolol treatment there was no evidence that reduced sympathetic activity was involved in the hypotensive response.
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    Acute antihypertensive effect and pharmacokinetics of a tablet preparation of nifedipine (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 145-150 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; tablet formulation ; dose-response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A tablet formulation of nifedipine was given to 8 hospitalized hypertensive men, W.H.O. stage I or II, mean age 45 years. After an initial placebo test, nifedipine 20, 40 or 60 mg was given in random order at 72-h intervals, in a single administration crossover study. The placebo and the active drug were given at 8 a.m. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured twice by the same observer, every 20 min from 7 to 8 a.m., and then hourly until 8 p.m., first in recumbency and again after 1 min of standing upright. Plasma nifedipine was assayed in samples taken hourly from 8 a.m. to noon, every 2 h from noon to 8 p.m., and 24 and 48 h after drug administration. All 3 doses significantly lowered blood pressure; the fall during recumbency was significantly larger (−18%) and lasted longer (12 h) after 60 mg than after 20 mg (−11% and 7 h). All 3 doses caused a similar increase in heart rate (+29 to +38%), which reached its maximum after 2 h and lasted for 5 h. The maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration — time curve were dose-dependent despite large inter-subject variation. Absorption, bioavailability and elimination were linear between the 20 and 60 mg doses. Plasma nifedipine levels were strongly correlated with the concomitant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (r=0.61,p〈0.001). Four patients experienced mild side effects (headaches, flushes, drowsiness or weakness). This tablet form of nifedipine has a potent antihypertensive action which lasts longer than that of the capsule presentation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613808
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    Pharmacokinetics of oral hydralazine in chronic heart failure (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hydralazine ; heart failure ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; metabolism ; hypertension ; dapsone ; acetylator phenotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of various disease states, other than hypertension, on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of hydralazine is not completely known. In the present study the pharmacokinetics of oral hydralazine has been evaluated in 7 patients with severe, chronic heart failure, using 8 compensated hypertensives as controls. The pharmacokinetics was evaluated by measuring the plasma concentrations of hydralazine (“apparent” and “real” hydralazine) and hydralazine pyruvate hydrazone, and by assessing acetylator phenotype after a small dose of dapsone. The AUC (area under the plasma concentration curve) following a single, oral 50 mg dose was significantly larger in patients with chronic heart failure NYHA Class III–IV than in patients with essential hypertension without cardiac decompensation. A decreased rate of hepatic elimination of hydralazine is suggested as a major contributory factor to this finding.
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    Pharmacokinetic aspects of guanfacine withdrawal syndrome in a hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: guanfacine ; hypertension ; phenobarbital ; withdrawal syndrome ; enzyme induction ; pharmacokinetics ; renal insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The unusual observation of a withdrawal syndrome due to guanfacine in a hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure led to a study of the kinetics of the drug in this patient. The principal pharmacokinetic parameters of guanfacine were greatly altered, with extended biotransformation and a decrease in the half-life compared to the values observed in other cases of severe renal insufficiency. Associated treatment with phenobarbital had had a considerable effect, as shown by the results of a further kinetic study 2 months after withdrawal of the phenobarbital. The findings then were in good agreement with reference values which strongly suggests a consequence of the enzyme inducing effect of phenobarbital. Advice about the dosage regimen in such cases is given.
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    Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 713-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; calcium antagonist ; plasma renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist with a predominant vasodilator action, was evaluated for the treatment of hypertension. A 20 mg-tablet, with a slower absorption and a more sustained blood-level than provided by the 10 mg-capsule was administered to 20 patients. The duration of the trial was 20 weeks. All patients achieved a significant reduction in both systolic (p〈0.05) and diastolic (p〈0.001) blood-pressure (B.P.), but 10 patients were withdrawn before completion of the trial period. Two patients, although achieving a fall in B.P. which was significant, did not reach to target level (〈160/90) on maximal dosage, one patient suffered a stroke due to a cerebral infarct, and seven patients were withdrawn because of side-effects due mainly to vasodilatation. The remaining 10 patients obtained a satisfactory response. In nine patients, who had achieved a satisfactory result, there was no change in plasma renin activity (P.R.A.) during chronic nifedipine administration.
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    Long term treatment with tienilic acid or thiazides: Comparison of antihypertensive and metabolic effects (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 835-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tienilic acid ; hydrochlorothiazide ; amiloride ; blood pressure control ; biochemical effects ; serum uric acid ; serum potassium ; prolonged treatment ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison has been made of arterial pressure and major metabolic parameters during long term treatment with tienilic acid and a hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride combination, using a randomized single-blind study without cross-over. A significant fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and no change in most biochemical parameters was observed with both drugs. Serum uric acid concentration was decreased during tienilic acid and was slightly increased whilst subjects took the hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride combination; serum potassium was slightly decreased on tienilic acid. No sign of hepatotoxicity was detected.
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  • 45
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    Relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of bufuralol and its metabolite Ro 3-7410 in hypertensive patients (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bufuralol ; hypotensive therapy ; pharmacokinetics ; hypertension ; 1-hydroxybufuralol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the plasma concentrations of bufuralol and its major hydroxymetabolite (Ro 3-7410) and β-blocking activity was studied in 10 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Blood samples and haemodynamic data were obtained during rest and after a single-level exercise test on a bicycle cycloergometer, prior to and up to 32 h after administration of a single oral dose of bufuralol 30 mg. Bufuralol was rapidly absorbed, following a first-order process with a lag time. The calculated maximal plasma concentration ranged from 44.6 to 200.3 ng/ml. The half-life of bufuralol was 2.75±1.15 h (mean±SD). Up to 50% of the parent drug was transformed into Ro 3-7410, which showed less interpatient variability in concentration and a fairly constant half-life, which was three times longer than that of the parent drug. In general, the heart rate (HR) was slightly decreased, although 2/10 patients showed an initial increase. The resting HR returned to its pre-treatment level within 6 h, the exercise HR took up to 32 h to return to the pre-treatment level. The drug reduced both resting and exercise blood pressure (BP). The former was reduced from 153.0±14.2/93.5±8.5 to 134.5±14.0/77.0±6.8 mmHg (systolic/diastolic BP; mean±SD) with 6 h after treatment. Similarly, the exercise BP was reduced from 199.0±15.2/98.5±8.8 to 171.0±9.9/88.5±8.5 mmHg at the 6th h post-dosing. The BP values had not returned to their pre-treatment levels even 32 h after treatment. Thus, bufuralol and its metabolite Ro 3-7410 induced a long-lasting antihypertensive effect and inhibited the cardio-acceleratory effect of exercise, and there was a good correlation between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of the drug.
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    Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of a double dose of metoprolol versus the addition of hydrochlorothiazide to metoprolol (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 581-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; metoprolol ; hydrochlorothiazide ; drug combination ; adverse reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 27 hypertensive patients whose blood pressure could not be adequately controlled with 200 mg metoprolol Durules alone, the effect of a double dose of metoprolol Durules® (400 mg once daily) was compared with a fixed combination of 200 mg metoprolol and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (Selokomb®). The study followed a double-blind cross-over schedule in 2 parallel groups. The reduction in diastolic blood pressure (p〈0.01) was comparable in the two groups. A significant fall (p〈0.01) in systolic blood pressure occurred with the metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination. The subsequent change from the double dose of metoprolol Durules to the combination therapy also resulted in a fall in systolic blood pressure (p〈0.05). Mean serum potassium and blood glucose levels did not change after each alteration in therapy. Most of the side-effects mentioned were mild and transient in character.
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  • 47
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    Atenolol and metoprolol: Comparison of effects on blood pressure and serum lipoproteins, and side effects (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blockers ; serum lipoproteins ; atenolol ; metoprolol ; hypertension ; VLDL ; HDL ; hypertriglyceridaemia ; hypercholesterolaemia ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several β-blockers increase VLDL-TG and decrease HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The underlying mechanism ist not yet clear. Some studies have suggested that the effect is less pronounced during treatment with selective β-blockers. The effects of 2 such drugs, metoprolol 200 mg/day and atenolol 50 mg/day, have been compared in 50 hypertensive patients (WHO Stage I–II), mean age 47 years. Serum lipoproteins were determined in 20 patients before treatment and after treatment with either drug for 3 months. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. After atenolol the initial VLDL-cholesterol concentration of 1.04 mmol/l had not changed, but it rose to 1.29 mmol/l after metoprolol (p〈0.05). The HDL-cholesterol concentration 1.42 mmol/l did not fall during atenolol treatment, but during metoprolol there was a small reduction to 1.31 mmol/l (p〈0.05). Hyperlipoproteinaemia is common in hypertensive patients, 40% of the present group had hypertriglyceridaemia and 25% had hypercholesterolaemia. Thus, atenolol 50 mg was found not to affect lipoproteins, whereas metoprolol 200 mg increased the VLDL concentration in 75% of the patients.
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  • 48
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    Haemodynamic effects of a new vasodilator drug, felodipine, in healthy subjects (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 49-53 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; hypertension ; cardiac failure ; haemodynamic effects ; non-invasive monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of a new vasodilating drug, felodipine, were studied in eight, healthy, male subjects, aged 22–31 years. The drug was given as an oral solution in the dose of 0.15 mg/kg. Thirty-five minutes later further dose of 0.15 mg/kg was administered. Felodipine induced a pronounced decrease in diastolic blood pressure (maximal effect 15±4 mm Hg) and in the systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output increased (maximum by 4.2±0.3 l/min), due to an increase both in the stroke volume and the heart rate. The maximal increase in the stroke volume (measured from echo cardiograms) and the heart rate were 33±5 ml and 23±3 beats/min, respectively. Felodipine caused a significant decrease in the pre-ejection period (23±3 ms) and an increase in the left ventricular ejection time (29±3 ms). The quotient PEP/LVET fell from 0.36±0.01 to 0.28±0.01. Significant activity of felodipine could be recorded at a plasma level of about 15 nmol/l. When the maximal haemodynamic effects were recorded the plasma level was about 40 nmol/l. After a cumulative dose of 0.30 mg/kg, there was a twofold variation in the maximal plasma level (from 31 to 61 nmol/l). The results of the present investigation are in agreement with previous haemodynamic studies in animals. It would appear that felodipine is a potent arteriolar vasodilator and it might well be of considerable value in the management of patients with hypertension or congestive cardiac failure.
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    A naturalistic study of hypertension in a rural U.K. community (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; beta-blocker ; diuretic ; screening ; naturalistic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A naturalistic study was set up to screen, identify and treat hypertensive patients aged 20–60 years in a rural general practice. 3,222 patients (92%) of a stable population of 3,489 were screened by 2 nurse research assistants and of these 455 patients (14%) were found to be hypertensive or borderline hypertensive. After careful assessment, 192 of these patients were found suitable for treatment and subsequently 138 entered the study. Two well recognised treatment regimes were used and no significant difference between patient response resulted. 84 patients (60.9%) completed the 2 year duration of the study discussed here. The cost of the study is not feasible in an average general practice, but day to day running of such a project, run along clearly defined treatment regimes was managed easily by 2 research assistants: this reduced, therefore, the work load on individual general practitoners.
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  • 50
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    Ultrastructure of tuberculate spores in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Streptomyces thermoviolaceus ; Sporogenesis ; Spore ornamentation ; Cupular knobs ; Sheath ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sporogenesis of aerial spores in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus corresponded to a common sporulation type in the genus. The sporulation septum was composed of an outer ring-shaped constriction wall and an inner interspace septum arising by the inwards growth of a double annulus. In mature spores the wall was composed of two layers, the outer one was part of the parent hyphal wall and septum material, the inner one was formed de novo. The spore chains were enclosed by the thin breakable sheath containing small rod-like elements. The ornamentation in the form of knobs, which were a characteristic feature of the species originated from the sheath. The knobs were hemispherical particles with an inner electron dense core and an outer electron transparent shell. The term “cupular knobs” was suggested for this type of tuberculate ornamentation. Frequently, the knobs became detached from the surface in which case the inner core separated easily from the shell.
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    Chroococcus S24 and Chroococcus N41 (cyanobacteria): morphological, biochemical and genetic characterization and effects of water stress on ultrastructure (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 81-90 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Water stress ; Taxonomy ; DNA ; Plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of desiccation-tolerant coccoid cyanobacteria, Chroococcus S24, a marine form, and Chroococcus N41, a cryptoendolith isolated from a hot-desert rock, have been characterized. The mol % DNA base compositions of the strains are 47.1 and 48.9% respectively. Plasmid DNA was not detected in either strain. The pigment contents and nutritional characteristics of the strains are identical. Both lack phycoerythrinoid pigments and, in culture, behave as slow-growing halotolerant marine forms with elevated requirements for Na+, Cl−, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Sucrose was the only carbon source of those tested that supported photoheterotrophic growth. Each strain synthesizes nitrogenase under anaerobic conditions but not in air. Morphologically the two strains are indistinguishable. They are considered to be independent isolates of the same cyanobacterial species. Chroococcus N41 was studied in detail with the electron microscope. When brought to equilibrium at matric water potentials of-168 MPa and lower (to-673 MPa=c0.12a w) the protoplast shrinks, but the cells maintain the same size and diameter as those at-2,156 kPa (MN medium; control); the sheath expands and remains attached to the cell wall outer membrane by fibrils. The cell wall, cell membrane, thylakoid membranes, cyanophycin granules and carboxysomes appeared intact in desiccated cells.
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    Hidden breaks in ribosomal RNA of phylogenetically tetraploid fish and their possible role in the diploidization process (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 819-841 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: evolution ; polyploidy ; ribosomal RNA ; protein synthesis ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hidden breaks occur in the ribosomal RNA of tetraploid Cyprinid fish such that the large ribosomal RNA (28 S) yields upon denaturation two RNA fragments of 8.7×105 and 5.0×105 daltons, whereas the small rRNA (18 S) yields fragments of 3.2×105 to 5.0×104 daltons. In tetraploid Cyprinids hidden breaks occur only in the rRNA of somatic tissue and not in oocytes and sperm cells. Hidden breaks can be detected only slightly in diploid Cyprinid species. Ribosomes purified from somatic tissue of tetraploid Cyprinids show a reduced efficiency in protein synthesis in vitro. The ribosomal proteins from diploid and tetraploid Cyprinid fish show considerable electrophoretic differences. This is discussed in light of a possible functional role of hidden breaks in rRNA in the process of diploidization of gene expression in tetraploid Cyprinid species.
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    Synthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in anin vitro partially definedE. coli system (1983)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 2 (1983), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: spinach chloroplast DNA ; gene expression ; initiation of transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thein vitro DNA- or RNA-directed synthesis of the large subunit (LS) of spinach chloroplast ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuP2C) has been examined in a highly definedE. coli transcription-translation system. Spinach chloroplast DNA, RNA and recombinant plasmids containing the spinach chloroplast LS gene (rbcL) have been used as templates in thein vitro system and a quantitative assay has been developed to measure LS formation. Thein vitro formed product contains formylmethionine at the N-terminal position and sediments primarily as a monomer. There is no detectable enzymatic activity associated with thein vitro product. To determine where theE. coli RNA polymerase used in these systems initiates, we have examined the transcripts produced by this enzymein vitro. Measurements of run-off transcripts indicate thatE. coli RNA polymerase initiates at the same position on the gene as is seenin vivo. In addition, the complete nucleotide sequence of therbcL gene including previously unsequenced 3′ and 5′ flanking regions has been determined. The sequence agrees, except at two nucleotide positions, with previously published sequencing data for this gene (Zurawski, G, Perrot, B, Bottomley, W, Whitfeld, PR, 1981. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:3251–3270).
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    Ultrastructure of catecholamine-containing axons in the intestine of the domestic fowl (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 411-425 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestines (chicken) ; Innervation ; Catecholamines ; Adrenergic fibres ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axons in the duodenum, ileum and rectum of the domestic fowl were identified as catecholamine-containing (CA) on the basis of positive reactivity following chromaffin fixation for electron microscopy. CA-axons in association with blood vessels in all regions of the intestine and in non-vascular sites in the small intestine had a ‘ typical’ adrenergic appearance, in that they contained many small granular vesicles (SGV) and variable numbers of large granular vesicles (LGV). In the rectum the non-vascular CA-axon profiles were atypical, in that there were many elongated LGV and few SGV, and the chromaffin reactivity was weak. The nerve profiles in the rectum were dramatically reduced following 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine treatment and were absent in rectum cultured in the absence of extrinsic ganglia. It was concluded that the profiles, in spite of their low chromaffin reactivity, truely represent CA-axons. The possibility was raised that the atypical morphology and reduced chromaffin reactivity is due to the presence of adrenaline.
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    Ultrastructural identification of corticotropes of the fetal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 427-437 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropes ; Rat fetus ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corticotropes of rat fetuses aged 16, 18 and 21 days were localized by the indirect antibody-enzyme method on semithin sections of the pituitary. The development of the ultrastructure of these cells was observed on consecutive ultrathin sections. In comparison with previous data our present results show that identification of a fetal cell type cannot be based entirely on morphological criteria. The structural peculiarities of corticotropes obtained from studies in vivo are compared with those observed in cells maintained in vitro.
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    Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 679-689 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontogenesis ; Rats ; Cyclophosphamide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis were investigated by light and electron microscopy in four-day-old Sprague Dawley rats given one injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide and killed at intervals of one hour, one day, one week and two weeks. Incisor and molar teeth were dissected from the animals, fixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate with 3.4% sucrose, and subsequently some were incubated for alkaline phosphatase reaction, and embedded in Spurr's medium for sectioning at light- and electron-microscopic levels. From three days a cell-sparse zone was created in the pulp in the growing end of the tooth and progressive cellular changes were observed which became more severe in the one-week and two-week specimens. Subodontoblast and adjacent pulpal cells were the most affected showing nuclear changes, damage to, or loss of, organelles, and inclusion bodies. Odontogenic epithelium was less affected and odontoblasts appeared to be unaffected by the drug. A new irregular matrix was laid down in the defect area and seemed to be the product of depolarized odontoblasts. This new matrix showed alkaline phosphatase activity, as did the cells embedded in it, and later it became mineralized. It is speculated that the polarity of odontoblasts might be maintained by an intact subodontoblastic layer; when this is lost the odontoblasts become depolarized and capable of secreting matrix from both ends.
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    Isolation of metabolically active endothelial cells in high yield from bovine cavernous bodies (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 579-591 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cavernous bodies ; Endothelial cells ; Respiratory activity ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Work on endothelial cells has been limited by the availability of procedures for obtaining such cells in quantities adequate for direct in vitro analysis. The present paper describes a method for the isolation of endothelial cells from bovine cavernous bodies. A number of cells ranging from 2.5 to 4 × 108 per animal has been obtained. The cells were identified as follows 1) presence of the “Weibel and Palade” bodies in the isolated cells, 2) “cobblestone” appearance of cell cultures, and 3) presence of factor VIII, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays. The cell viability at the end of the purification procedure was tested 1) by dye-exclusion tests and 2) by metabolic assays. Features of this preparation are 1) the very high yield of viable endothelial cells, 2) the absence of contamination by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and a very low contamination by erythrocytes and 3) the fine dispersion of the isolated cells. These properties allow functional and subcellular fractionation studies on freshly isolated endothelial cells of microvascular origin.
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    Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 427-438 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myocardium ; Thunnus alalunga ; Ultrastructure ; Mitochondria ; Myofibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The common ventricle in the heart of the Thunnus alalunga was studied. The ventricular myocardium consists of an outer compact layer and a thick inner spongy layer. The compact layer has slightly larger cells (4–6 μm diameter) than the spongy layer (2.5–5 μm diameter). Ultrastructurally the myocardium displays normal arrangements of myofibrils and mitochondria. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed. The intercalated discs are simple with the fascia adherens being the most frequent junctional type observed; occasionally a desmosome was seen. Nexus type junctions are present but are unassociated with the intercalated discs. There are no t-tubules evident but the plasmalemma exhibits numerous caveolae which rarely form couplings with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A morphometric analysis of the volume percent of mitochondria and myofibrils showed that the myocardial cells in the spongy layer of the heart have a significantly greater volume percentage of mitochondria than the compact layer. No significant differences were found between myocardial regions when the volume percentages of myofibrils were compared. The physiological studies revealed that the albacore tuna has heart rates (120 bpm) and ventricular blood pressures (100 mmHg) that are among the highest reported for fish.
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of rat epididymis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 523-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis (rat) ; Myosin ; Actin ; Fibronectin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomical distribution of smooth muscle actin, myosin, fibronectin and basement membrane has been investigated immunohistochemically, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, in the rat epididymis. The findings were correlated with the ultrastructural organization of the organ. Actin was found to be distributed in the stereociliary region of the epithelial principal cells and in the terminal web region. Actin was also visible along the base of the epithelium. Myosin was detected in the terminal web and in the terminal bar regions of the epithelium. The contractile cells showed a strong stain for both proteins. Basement membrane immunoreactivity was distributed along the epithelial basement membrane and around the contractile cells of the wall. In the cauda, between the epithelium and the contractile cell layers, the lamina propria, containing blood vessels and a thin layer of cells, was negative for all antigens investigated. Fibronectin showed a granular distribution around the contractile cells, mainly in the cauda. The ultrastructural study showed only thin (5–6 nm in diameter) filaments in the stereocilia and terminal web region. Thin filaments were also visible in the cytoplasm of the basal cells, thus suggesting a contractile function of this cell type. The heterogeneous appearance of the contractile cells of the wall seemed to support the different contractile pattern of the epididymal regions: caput, corpus and cauda. The cells present in the lamina propria showed cytoplasmic vesicles with dark granules resembling the “A” cell granules of the endocrine pancreas and gut mucosa cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212222
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    The structure and function of the nematocysts of Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956 (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 563-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nematocysts ; Structure ; Ultrastructure ; Function ; Cubozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microbasic p-mastigophores, euryteles of two size groups, holotrichous isorhizas and atrichous isorhizas, comprise the cnidom of Chironex fleckeri, a cubozoan that has been responsible for several human fatalities. In its undischarged state each microbasic mastigophore of C. fleckeri consists of a capsule containing matrix and an inverted tube possessing a smooth-walled butt which is loosely coiled helically and which narrows to form a thread that is tightly coiled helically and markedly pleated. Both butt and thread carry three helices of spines and contain a granular matrix. During discharge, the proximal butt spines form initially a piercing stylet. Granular material from the butt and thread is released prior to the release of capsular material. Each eurytele possesses a tube with a butt composed of three bulbs, the middle bulb bearing long spines. Each holotrichous isorhiza possesses a coiled tube bearing small spines along its length. Each atrichous isorhiza exhibits a tube that is devoid of spines and loosely folded in the undischarged condition. The probable role of each type of nematocyst is inferred from its structure and features that enable the ready separation of the nematocysts of C. fleckeri from those of scyphozoan jellyfish are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212225
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    Ciliary epithelia of the mammalian eye in cultured explants (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 629-638 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliary process ; Cultured explant ; Epithelial cells ; Ultrastructure ; Bovine and rabbit eyes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of ciliary epithelium from bovine, pigmented rabbit, and fetal albino rabbit were studied in cultured explants. The tips of ciliary processes were cultured in plastic dishes with Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum. More than half of the expiants adhered to the plastic culture dish, and epithelial cells spread as monolayers within a few days. Initially the explant contains two layers, the outer (nonpigmented cells) and the inner (pigmented cells). Later the explant exhibits three layers: 1) outermost lightly pigmented flattened cells, 2) an outer layer of nonpigmented cells, and 3) an inner layer of densely pigmented cuboidal cells. The cells of the outermost layer are continuous with the cells of the inner layer. A narrow space lies between the outermost layer and the outer layer. The columnar cells in the outer layer contain well developed organelles but no pigment granules; they possess a basement membrane, lateral interdigitations, and junctional complexes near their apices. Numerous focal junctions and some ciliary channel-like structures were detected between the columnar cells of the outer layer and the cuboidal cells of the inner layer. The cuboidal cells of the inner layer are filled with pigment granules. These observations suggest that the columnar cells of the outer layer are nonpigmented epithelium, the cuboidal cells of the inner layer are pigmented epithelium, and the flatened cells in the outermost layer are derived from pigmented epithelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212230
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    Ultrastructural observations on the formation of follicles in the human fetal thyroid (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 693-698 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Human fetus ; Follicles ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid glands from 40 human fetuses ranging from 30 to 175 mm in length were examined by electron microscopy. At the 30 mm stage, the cells are arranged in cords or clusters and contain numerous free ribosomes. The rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is poorly developed and the Golgi complex consists of saccules, smooth and coated vesicles. Mitochondria, microfilaments, glycogen particles, occasional lysosome-like structures, and single cilia are observed. At sites of incipient follicle formation, intercellular clefts containing interdigitating microvilli, delimited by junctional complexes, are evident. In addition, the apical region of some cells contains vacuoles. At the 50-mm stage, intercellular clefts are more apparent, some of them organized into small follicles through the enlargement of the lumen, the incorporation of additional cells, and the formation of a basal lamina. With increasing gestational age, more follicles are established. The lumina vary from round to clover-leaf shaped and have an electron-dense content. Cisternae of RER are dilated and contain flocculent material. The Golgi complex is more extensive, and lysosome-like structures are more numerous. By the 100-mm stage, the follicular cells appear morphologically well differentiated. The results demonstrate an extracellular origin of the follicular lumen in the human fetal thyroid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212236
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the developing rat lung (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 165-177 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Lung ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study changes in the macrodistribution of fibronectin during rat-lung development were examined. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique, we have demonstrated the presence of fibronectin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat lung at the ultrastructural level. In the embryo, fibronectin is found both in an intra-and extracellular association with isolated pneumoblasts, and in a periodic distribution along the basal lamina. The neonate displays fibronectin in an intracellular association with early type-I cells and on their basal and luminal surfaces, but not in association with type-II cells. Neonatal basal lamina is diffusely labeled by anti-fibronectin antiserum. Fibronectin in adult tissue is found both intracellularly and on the basal and luminal surfaces of type-I cells but not in type-II cells. The basal lamina and interstitial connective tissue are slightly or non-reactive. These observations confirm and extend our initial suggestion that fibronectin is involved in rat-lung development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217410
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    Electron microscopy of extracellular materials during the development of a sea star, Patiria miniata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 193-200 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sea star ; Development ; Cuticle ; Extracellular materials ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of conspicuous extracellular materials during the life history of a sea star (Patiria miniata) is described. The outer surface of the developing sea star is covered by two morphologically different cuticles that appear sequentially during ontogeny. The primary cuticle, which is about 120 nm thick and two-layered, is present from mid-blastula through the end of the larval stage. The secondary cuticle, which is about 1 μm thick and three-layered, first appears on the epidermis of the rudiment region of the larva and, after metamorphosis, covers the entire epidermis of the juvenile and adult stages. During ontogeny, there are only two conspicuous gut cuticles: the first lines the newly invaginated archenteron at the start of the gastrula stage, and the second lines the esophagus during the larval stage. A blastocoelic basal lamina first appears at mid-blastula and persists as subectodermal and subendodermal basal laminae. Ruthenium red-positive granules are detectable between the lateral surfaces of adjacent ectodermal cells during part of the gastrula stage; this transient intercellular material may possibly aid in lateral adhesion between cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217412
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    Changes in plastid ultrastructure during iron nutrition-mediated chloroplast development (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chloroplasts ; Iron stress ; Sugar beet ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When grown in iron-free media, the youngest leaves of healthy green sugar beet plants became completely yellow after 6 to 8 days. This chlorosis was quickly reversed by resupplying iron. A study of the ultrastructure of the iron -stressed leaves revealed apparently normal subcellular organization except for the plastids which were small and undeveloped, contained a rudimentary, disorganized grana-fretwork and clusters of vesicles in the periphery. Twelve to 16 hours after resupply of iron, aggregates of phytoferritin were observed in the stroma, and the granal fretwork underwent further development. There was an increased orientation of the membranes along the long axis of the plastids and an increase in the length of the individual grana stacks. By 48 hours, leaf chlorophyll content was about 40% of the control. At the ultrastructural level, parallel alignment of membrane orientation was complete and the grana stacks began to increase in the number of thylakoids per stack.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279871
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    Nucleolus-associated bodies (karyosomes) in dividing and differentiating plant cells (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Nucleolus ; Pisum sativum ; Ultrastructure ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The karyosome is a spherical body up to 1 μm in diameter that lies on the nucleolus of certain plant species, particularly those with a relatively low nuclear DNA content and an areticulate nuclear structure. It can be seen in the light microscope after impregnation with silver; in the electron microscope its structure consists of fibrillo-granular material. Nucleoli of cells in root apices may bear 0, 1, or 2 karyosomes. The frequency with which these numbers of karyosomes are observed depends on the location of the cells within the apex. In roots ofPisum sativum andZea mays the nucleoli of both slowly-dividing and young differentiating cells bear karyosomes more frequently than the nucleoli of rapidly-dividing cells. The karyosome seems to adopt a preferred location on the nucleolus, lying most frequently on the nucleolar surfaces directed towards the apex or base of the root. The origin and functional significance of the karyosome are discussed. Morphological evidence suggests that it may be material that formerly was part of a fibrillar centre.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293574
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    Stomatal pore and cuticle formation inFunaria (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cuticle ; Peristomatal transpiration ; Stomata ; Ultrastructure ; Funaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cuticle and pore development in the guard cells ofFunaria were investigated with the electron microscope. Pore cuticle formation is simultaneous with the creation of the pore itself. The morphology of the pore cuticle is unlike that of any cuticle described in the literature. It has many lamellae which are penetrated by electron dense fibrils. Three different cuticular morphologies exist from the pore to the subsidiary cell walls. The cuticles on the pore and outer walls contain fibrils that sometimes reach to the surface. The subsidiary cell cuticle lacks fibrils altogether. It is hypothesized that (1) cuticularization of the middle lamella contributes to ventral wall separation and (2) differences in extent of cuticular fibrils are related to greater water loss from stomata than from subsidiary cells (peristomatal transpiration).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294225
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    Microtubule organization and morphogenesis in young spores of the mossTetraphis pellucida Hedw (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 115-124 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Moss ; MTOC ; Sporogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Microtubule systems appear sequentially at the distal and proximal poles of tetrad members during mid-sporogenesis in the mossTetraphis pellucida Hedw. The distal microtubule system emanates from a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) located between the single plastid and the nucleus. The distal MTOC and associated microtubules, which appear immediately after cytokinesis, are ephemeral and do not appear to be associated with the deposition of exine occuring at the same time. The proximal microtubule system, which appears slightly later than the distal system, is a more stable component of mid-sporogenesis. The proximal MTOC is an irregularly lobed, patelliform aggregation of electron-dense granules located beneath the plasma membrane at the proximal spore pole. Several bundles of microtubules radiate from the proximal MTOC and traverse the cell, enclosing the nucleus in an cone of microtubules. The proximal microtubule system is thought to function in aperture development and organelle migration. The relatively large nucleus migrates a short distance in the small spore early in the tetrad stage and maintains its acentric position at the proximal pole throughout later stages of sporogenesis. The plastid migrates later in the tetrad stage from its meiotic position parallel to the distal surface to a position perpendicular to the distal surface with one tip in close proximity to the proximal MTOC. The proximal microtubule system reaches its maximum development by the end of the tetrad stage and all micrographic evidence of it is lost in the maturation stages of late sporogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279828
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    Morphogenesis of coremia and rhizomorphs in the AscomyceteSphaerostilbe repens (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 99-114 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Sphaerostilbe repens ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation ; Coremia ; Rhizomorphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The differentiating stages of coremia and rhizomorphs inSphaerostilbe repens were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Vegetative mycelium is characterized by highly cytoplasmic cells rich in ribosomes and mitochondria and with few vacuoles as well as endoplasmic reticulum. Cell walls are thin attaining a maximum thickness of 0.10 μm. During the aggregating phase a prosenchymatous mass of randomly oriented cells is produced by localized elongation and branching of the filaments. The hyphae in this region have the appearance of actively metabolising cells. In the course of the differentiating phase, numerous hyphae of the median zone of the aggregate grow upward and downward to give rise to coremium and rhizomorph primordia respectively. The individual hyphal tips lay parallel to each other and cells of the growing apices retain their meristematic characteristics. At the periphery of the aggregate and to a lesser extent in the subapical rhizomorphic zone, cells reduce their cytoplasmic density as a consequence of a decrease in the number of ribosomes. These cells also increase in size and become isodiametric and vacuolated. During cellular differentiation walls increase steadily in thickness and at the elongating phase they reach 0.30 μm in the rhizomorphic cortex. Mucilaginous material is progressively deposited around hyphae and in the most differentiated zones, coalesce to fill interhyphal spaces. This extracellular matrix seems to play a role in maintaining cohesiveness of the aggregated organs. The tissue in the process of differentiation is scattered with cells highly enriched in mitochondria and with cells virtually undifferentiated. Accumulation of microfilaments takes place in the differentiating zone localized behind the immersed meristematic apex. These structures might be involved in wall synthesis. Glycogen rosettes accumulate in the vegetative mycelium surrounding the aggregating centers, suggesting the possibility of supplying energy during the differentiating processes. The vacuolar system, represented by autophagic vacuoles which are present until the differentiation phase, presumably may also participate in the biochemical changes that occur during aggregation. Coremial cells are characterized by an increase in wall thickness, a highly sinuous plasma-membrane as well as large amounts of mucilaginous compounds accumulated between hyphae, but in all other respects they resemble the cells of actively growing vegetative hyphae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279827
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    Ultrastructure of aerial stalk formation by the ciliated protozoanSorogena stoianovitchae (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 125-135 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Ciliated protozoan ; Sorogenesis ; Extracellular matrix ; Secretion ; Extrusive organelles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sorogena stoianovitchae Bradbury andOlive is an unusual kinetophragminophoran ciliate characterized by the aggregation of individual trophic cells to form a multicellular sorogen that rises aerially from the medium surface to produce a sorocarp. A light and electron microscope study of sorogenesis revealed how the sorogenic cells produce the stalk. The feeding ciliates contain numerous subpellicular expansions of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that are only one element of the secretory system necessary for stalk formation. Upon aggregation, the stalk secretory system develops further, initially with the proliferation of the subpellicular expansions. Then, during later aggregation and early sorogenesis, other secretory elements appear: stalk material vesicles, dense granule vesicles, and electron lucent vacuoles. These are all derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only the subpellicular expansions and stalk material vesicles appear to add to the stalk matrix. The dense granule vesicles could be precursors of the stalk material vesicles; the electron lucent vacuoles, which can be demonstrated to contain fibrillar material, are perhaps by-products of the secretory process. Sorogenesis inSorogena occurs by a mechanism unique among the stalk-producing protists that have been studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279829
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    Stalk function during sorogenesis by the ciliated protozoanSorogena stoianovitchae (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 136-144 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Stalk ; Ciliated protozoan ; Sorogenesis ; Extracellularmatrix ; Ultrastructure ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sorogenic cells of the haptorid ciliateSorogena stoianovitchae Bradbury andOlive secrete a hydrated, fibrillar matrix that becomes organized to form a stalk. This light and electron microscope study examines the role of the secreted stalk matrix in the development of the sorocarp. The stalk material is secreted as a compact clump or clumps of material that expands as it hydrates. The expanded stalk material is initially viscous, but soon, through dehydration or cross-linking, solidifies to form a sheath. The sheath is the outside layer of the stalk, provides structural support, and controls the expansion of the newly secreted stalk material. The sorogenic cells continue to secrete stalk material that expands once it is outside of the cell. The resulting expansion force is directed upward by the sheath, thereby moving the cells further above the surface. The continued dehydration of the sheath material provides an inwardly directed force that also contributes to the upward movement of the sorogen.
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    Ultrastructural demonstration of loss and recovery of cytochrome oxidase activity during and after heat induction of microcycle conidiation inNeurospora crassa (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytochrome oxidase ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Neurospora ; Heat treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity of conidia of wild-typeNeurospora crassa was detected cytochemically at the ultrastructural level by 3,′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction during heat treatment at 46 °C and after shift down to 25 °C. At 46 °C the decrease in the enzyme activity was shown to be time-dependent (0–10 hours) in the progressively overswelling conidia. Gradual recovery of the DAB reaction occurred in mitochondria of conidia outgrowing conidiogenous germ tubes (microcycle conidiation) when shifted down to 25 °C. Inactivation of cytochrome oxidase was efficiently prevented during heat treatment in the presence of Tween 20. Such conidia no longer overswelled but still required shift down to 25 °C to produce germ tubes with delayed conidiogenous ability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279832
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    The effect of UV-B and UV-C radiation on sugar beet leaves (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Chloroplast ; Ultrastructure ; Ultraviolet radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of UV-C (254 nm) and UV-B (290–320 nm) radiation on leaves ofBeta vulgaris L. at the ultrastructural level was investigated. Although the damage caused by UV-C radiation was more striking than that resulting from UV-B radiation, several structural changes were seen in the UV-B treated material. Generally the effects of UV-B and UV-C radiation were different, suggesting different mechanisms of action, discernible even at the ultrastructural level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281779
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    The ultrastructure of the formation and development of the amoeboid tapetum inArum italicum miller (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 116-129 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Pollen ; Amoeboid tapetum ; Arum italicum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A tapetum is found around all higher plant meiocytes and is thought to nourish them. It may, in turn, be influenced by their development. The mature tapetal membrane in amoeboid (or periplasmodial) tapeta, of whichArum italicum is an example, fits closely around the developing meiocyte. This description of tapetal ultrastructure starts from the meiotic prophase when the tapetum is still cellular and comprises two rows of cells on the inside of the tetrasporangiate anther. The radial walls of the still cellular tapetum start to dissolve during leptotene of the first meiosis. The lysis begins in the middle lamella in those areas penetrated by the most plasmodesmata. The walls in contact with the meiocytes on the other hand do not disappear until after the first meiosis. At telophase the now fused cytoplasmic tapetal mass begins to extend its joint plasmamembrane, amoeboid fashion, into the loculus. A cluster of microtubules can be seen at the apex of this intrusion apparently initiating or maintaining the shape of the invading plasmamembrane front. The tapetum now adheres closely to the microspores. The tapetal zone closest to the spores has a prominent population of microtubules and just a little ER, whereas the outer zone away from the spores contains all the other organelles. The inner zone, in a squash preparation, is not readily separated from the spores. The microtubules, at the middle microspore stage, are no longer to be seen in a circle around the microspores, but spread out with some lying orthogonal to the now-forming exine surface. In places the tapetal plasmamembrane begins to retract from the exine leaving roughly cone-shaped zones (spines) which become filled with fibrillar material. This material begins to be deposited on the exine surface. These “spines” are both PAS. and Coomassie-blue positive and susceptible to acetolysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288350
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    The structure and histochemistry of sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor Jagger III. Changes in ultrastructure and loss of reserve materials during carpogenic germination (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 214-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Histochemistry ; Sclerotia ; Sclerotial germination ; Sclerotinia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic reserves and extracellular substances were progressively broken down and utilized during carpogenic germination of sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor. Glycogen, wall polysaccharides and polyphosphate granules were removed first from regions of the sclerotium distant from developing apothecia, while protein bodies near the base of apothecial stipes were hydrolysed before those further away. The number of profiles of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cortical and medullary hyphae increased at the onset of germination, indicating increased metabolism in the hyphae. In contrast to developing sclerotia, simple pores with Woronin bodies were frequent in walls and septa during germination. Hyphae that appeared to converge towards the base of apothecial initials retained their cytoplasm and organelles until late in germination and hydrolysis of their reserves was delayed; these are interpreted as translocatory hyphae, although further work is required to determine their role unequivocally. When apothecia were fully developed, hyphae throughout the sclerotium were empty and the walls and extracellular matrix of cortical and medullary hyphae had almost completely broken down.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281825
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    Mitosis in the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 56-70 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Carposporophyte ; Cell division ; Mitosis ; Rhodophyta ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitotic ultrastructure was observed in meristematic cells of carposporophyte generations of the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum. Prior to nuclear division, cell elongation occurs resulting in the nucleus being located at the proximal end of the cell and separated by a large central vacuole from a distal “empty region” which the daughter nucleus eventually occupies. In late prophase, nuclear envelope-attached polar rings are situated adjacent to shallow nuclear invaginations. At prometaphase the nuclear invaginations extend deeply into the nucleus forming continuous cytoplasmic channels containing microtubules. Perinuclear ER and a typical equatorial chromosomal plate are formed by metaphase at which time the nuclear envelope lining the cytoplasmic channels has dispersed. Chromosomal and non-chromosomal microtubules converge at the poles where a single, large gap is seen in the otherwise intact nuclear envelope. Polar rings were not detected in the few mitotic cells observed beyond prometaphase but are thought to be present. During anaphase an interzonal midpiece is formed and the distal-most incipient daughter nucleus moves laterally past the central vacuole into the apical “empty region”. Features of mitosis inBatrachospermum are believed to be intermediate between those exhibited by the lower and higher orders of red algae, this being consistent with the taxonomic placement of the genus in theNemaliales, the least advanced order of the classFlorideophyceae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284747
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    The ultrastructure of nuclear bodies in interphase plant cell nuclei (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nuclear bodies ; Nucleolus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nuclear bodies are found in interphase nuclei of root apices of a number of plant species. They often show differences in structure and position relative to the nucleolus and this has led to an attempt to define two classes of body. However, in some species their separation into two classes on structural grounds alone breaks down, indicating that although they may occupy different positions within the nucleus they may in these particular cases be only different forms of the same body. The two extremes of the range of bodies examined represent what have been called “nucleolus-associated body” (karyosome) and “dense body”. The nucleolus-associated body is typically attached to, or adjacent to, the nucleolus. It is composed of fibrils 4–8 nm wide and often has an open structure showing compound threads or fibrils separated from each other by electron-lucent spaces. The dense body is more compact in structure and typically lies free in the nucleoplasm. Both types of body have an affinity for silver ions which, together with their staining reaction following treatment with EDTA, indicates that they consist of ribonucleoprotein. The characteristics of nuclear bodies found in different plant species have some relationship with the structure and DNA content of the interphase nucleus. Nucleolus-associated bodies are characteristic of species with an areticulate nuclear structure (2 C DNA content 〈6 pg), while dense bodies are common in species with a reticulate nuclear structure (2 C DNA content 〉6 pg). The possible functions of the two forms of nuclear body are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293065
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    Ultrastructural polysaccharide localization in calcifying and naked cells of the coccolithophoridEmiliania huxleyi (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Calcification ; Coccolithophorids ; Polysaccharide localization ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Emiliania huxleyi is a marine coccolithophorid which produces coccoliths,i.e., particles consisting of calcite and macromolecular organic material. The coccoliths are formed intracellulary in specialized organelles which comprise a coccolith vesicle (CV) and a reticular body (RB), together forming the CV/RB system or calcifying system. After termination of calcification, the coccolith is extruded and incorporated into the coccosphere,i.e., one or several layers of extracellular coccoliths surrounding the cell. Apart from the coccolith-producing cells (C cells) ofE. huxleyi, there are naked cells (N cells) which seem to have lost the capacity to produce coccoliths but are very similar to the C cells in other morphological respects. Biochemical studies have revealed that polysaccharides may play a regulatory role in calcification. The aim of the present study was to determine the localization of polysaccharides in both C and N cells electron microscopically. For this purpose, a cytochemical staining technique according toThiéry (1967) was applied. The CV/RB system of C cells was conspicuously stained. Due to the excellent stainability of this system, a putative succession of morphological stages during coccolithogenesis could be described. The staining pattern of the N cells closely resembled that of the C cells. It was found, however, that the “calcifying” system of N and C cells differed in both morphology and position. It is suggested that the divergent morphology of the “calcifying” system of N cells accounts for its failure to produce coccoliths.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293073
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    Effect of the sympathetic nervous system on change in resistance of the blood—brain barrier in arterial hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: brain ; blood-brain barrier ; hypertension ; angiotensin ; noradrenalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838842
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    Dependence of number of vesicles in vascular smooth muscle cells on extracellular calcium concentration (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1631-1633 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: smooth muscles ; calcium ; intracellular vesicles ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00835313
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    Some aspects of the development of the endodermis and cortex ofTilia cordata andPicea sitchensis (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cortex ; Endodermis ; Picea sitchensis ; Tilia cordata ; Transfer cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The endodermis of bothTilia cordata andPicae citchensis progressess through 3 characteristic phases of development. These developments are delayed somewhat in the xylem pole endodermis ofT. cordata, while inP. sitchensis 3–5 passage cells are found. The cortex ofT. cordata is characterised by very thick walls, while that ofP. sitchensis is characterised by a thick walled layer just outside the endodermis and by 2–3 outer layers of transfer cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182649
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    Differences in growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in two small forest lakes (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 101 (1983), S. 139-143 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: forest water ecosystems ; perch ; growth ; forest lake ; population density ; bottom fauna ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth patterns and food composition of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., was studied in two small forest lake populations in southern Finland. Size and morphometry of the lakes and physical and chemical properties of water are similar. There is a clear difference in the growth rates of perch between the two lakes. The difference in growth is highly significant in all age groups. In the first lake there is a perch population of 2 000 (1750 ind · ha−1) adult fishes. In the second lake there is a small population of pike, that keeps the perch population down: 200 adult perch (530 ind · ha-1). The main food items of perch are crustacean zooplankton, Asellus aquaticus L. and Trichoptera larvae in the first lake and zooplankton, Odonata larvae, Ephemeroptera larvae and Heteroptera in the second. It is concluded that the main reason for the growth difference of studied perch populations is the different population density. There are also differences in species composition of bottom fauna of the lakes, maybe owing to the floating Sphagnum peat moss vegetation in the second lake. This can also affect the growth difference between the two populations of perch.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008666
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    Changes in growth and size of Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) in relation to some environmental factors in cultures (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 325-328 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Keratella cochlearis ; growth ; size ; culture ; food algae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) was cultured non-axenically in Carefoot medium diluted with Erken water at 5 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C with Rhodomonas minuta (Skuja) as a food alga. The rotifer reached ca. 120 ind. ml−1, having generation times of 2–7 days, a Q10-value of ca. 2, and at the lowest temperature 〉20% longer posterior spines. When co-cultured with Chlorella sp., at 0–30 mg Ca l−1 and 1.6 meq NaHCO3 l−1 in medium L 11 at 20 °C, the maximum generation time and individual numbers were 3–4 days and up to 100 ind. ml−1, respectively. Animal numbers increased in relation to nutrient multiples, up to two multiples, of the culture medium L 16. Growth and length were reduced, although the width increased above two multiples of this culture medium. The trace metal tolerance was broad and increased additions of a metal mixture (L 11) slightly increased the length of the rotifers. No major changes in the length were observed when HCO3 or Ca were varied in the culture medium (L 11), although a decrease in the length was noted in old cultures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045985
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    Ultrastructure of trout spermatozoa: Changes after dilution and deep-freezing (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 205-218 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoa ; Ultrastructure ; Deep-freezing ; Sperm manipulation ; Trout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Trout spermatozoa taken from the testis, vas deferens and ejaculate are described at the ultrastructural level. The morphology of the spermatozoa head, changes in the middle-piece structure, and the relationship between the centrioles and the flagellum were studied under consideration of their role in the reproduction of this species. Morphological changes observed after dilution of the spermatozoa in freshwater or saline and subsequent freezing deserve attention in connection with certain manipulations used in fish farms and laboratories.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204873
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    Circadian variations in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 231-244 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Circadian rhythm ; Synaptic ribbon ; Ultrastructure ; Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Circadian morphological variations of pinealocytes in the superficial pineal of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) were studied using quantitative electron-microscopic techniques. The volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm of pinealocytes exhibited similar circadian variations, with the maximum around the middle of the light period and the minimum during the first half of the dark period. Synaptic ribbons in pinealocytes were classified into three groups, type-1, −2 and −3 synaptic ribbons, which appeared as rods, round or irregular bodies and ring-shaped structures, respectively; a synaptic ribbon index was determined for the respective types. The synaptic ribbon index was expressed as the number of synaptic ribbons in the pinealocyte profile representing the cell size. The type-1 synaptic ribbon index, which was smallest during the second half of the light period, was increased during the dark period. The length of straight or slightly curved rods showed a 24-h change similar to that of the type-1 synaptic ribbon index; the length of the rods was maximal during the first half of the dark period and minimal at the end of the light period. There was no apparent circadian variation in the type-2 synaptic ribbon index. The type-3 synaptic ribbon index was higher during the light period than during the dark period; the index attained zero 3h after the onset of darkness and, thereafter, increased gradually.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204875
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    Immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin in the lateral septum of the guinea-pig brain (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 265-276 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Met- and leu-enkephalin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Lateral septum ; Guinea-pig brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By the use of antisera to met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin, enkephalin-containing structures were visualized in the lateral septum of the guinea-pig brain. The present results do not reveal immunoreactive perikarya in this area. The immunostaining is exclusively located in numerous nerve fibers and endings mostly encompassing neuronal perikarya, which accounts for the fact that at the light-microscopic level cellular somata appear to be immunostained. The immunoreactive terminals and fibers contain granules approximately 110nm in diameter and synaptic vesicles. The origin and the functional role of these numerous enkephalin terminals remain to be established. This work was supported by a grant from INSERM N∘ 804012
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204878
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    The effects of colchicine on the distribution of glycoprotein-containing vesicles in epithelial cells of the murine colon (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Colonic epithelium ; Colchicine ; Vesicles ; Glycoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In murine colonic epithelial cells, cell-coat glycoproteins are transported to the cell surface in vesicles that originate at the Golgi apparatus. To determine the role of microtubules in the movement of these vesicles the antimicrotubule agent colchicine was injected into mice at several time intervals prior to sacrifice. In the mice that were treated with colchicine for 4.5 h it was observed that the polarity of the cells was disturbed. The Golgi apparatus and nucleus often appeared interchanged in their positions. The glycoprotein-containing vesicles, normally located apically, were sparse in that location, but abundant near the lateral plasma membranes of the cells at the level of the nucleus and Golgi apparatus. Staining by the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique for glycoproteins clearly revealed the reduction of vesicles apically and accumulation of vesicles laterally. The mechanism responsible for the movement of the vesicles to this location is unclear. It is suggested that the accumulation of vesicles in the lateral region may reflect some hindrance in the fusion of the vesicles with the lateral cell membranes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204882
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    Structure of the non-lymphoid cells during the postnatal development of the rat lymph nodes (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph nodes ; Postnatal development ; Fibroblastic reticulum cells ; Interdigitating cells ; Deep cortex units ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes the postnatal development of the nonlymphoid cells with special reference to the fibroblastic reticulum cells (FRCs) and interdigitating cells (IDCs). The first lymphocytes of the neonatal lymph nodes are located in the developing deep cortex units (DCUs) identified by the Gomori's technique for reticulin fibres. Ultrastructural studies demonstrate that FRCs form the stroma of the DCUs. By light and electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that FRCs occupy the outer cortex in the following stages of development of the lymph nodes. Thus, FRCs form the stroma of the primary follicles and, later, are transformed in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) of the germinal centres. Immature or pro-IDCs appear as migrating elements in the deep cortex of lymph nodes of the neonatal rats. The ultrastructure of the pro-IDCs resembles that of the mature IDCs but not that of the phagocytic cells. Pro-IDCs are transformed into mature IDCs whose cytoplasmic expansions contact lymphocytes via tight junctions. Some of these lymphocytes are likely apposed to FRCs of the DCUs. No cells containing Birbeck granules were found in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes during the postnatal development. The role of these nonlymphoid cells is discussed with respect to the immunologic function of mammalian lymph nodes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217894
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  • 89
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    Cytodifferentiation of the paraventricular nucleus in the chick embryo (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 281-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Development ; Golgi study ; Ultrastructure ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The developmental changes in the cytoarchitecture of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the chick embryo were studied with particular emphasis on the differentiation of the magnocellular neurons. These cells can be distinguished from the parvocellular elements starting from stages 34–35 (Hamburger and Hamilton 1951) in Golgi-impregnated specimens. At the same stages, electron microscopy reveals dense-core granules, resembling the characteristic elementary granules of the neurosecretory material in the cytoplasm of the larger neurons. In addition, a few immature synapses were observed on these magnocellular perikarya. The present observations suggest that the early onset of neurosecretion in this area may be neurally regulated during early phases of development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214976
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    Putative sense organs on the palliai tentacles of the limpet, Patella vulgata (L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 663-674 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliary tuft ; Pallil tentacles ; Patella vulgata ; Sensory ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure and ultrastructure of ciliary tufts on the pallil tentacles of the limpet Patella vulgata (L.) are described. The tip of each tentacle is covered by a dense crown of tufts and additional tufts can be seen scattered evenly across the surface of each tentacle. The cilia are nonmotile and nerve fibres run from the base of the ciliated cells suggesting a sensory function. Comparisons are made with ciliary tufts found in a Pacific species of limpet, Acmaea scutum, and other molluscan sensory structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218124
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    Structural studies of the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus in pregnant sheep (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 177-187 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus have been examined during normal pregnancy in sheep. As pregnancy progressed, increasing numbers of cells in the adrenal zona glomerulosa displayed mitochondria with straight tubular “rod-like” structures replacing their normal lamelliform cristae; groups of cells showing these mitochondrial changes were predominantly located in the middle and superficial regions of the zona glomerulosa, but at all stages remained interspersed with cells with apparently normal mitochondria. In the same animals, the renal juxtaglomerular index was raised, reflecting an increase in renin storage, and juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells showed increased numbers of cytoplasmic granules, but no apparent increase in granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi profiles; there were no distinguishing morphological changes in juxtaglomerular peripolar cells. These findings provide morphologic evidence of stimulation of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in association with increased juxtaglomerular renin storage during pregnancy. The mitochondrial changes observed in an increasing proportion of cells in the zona glomerulosa closely resemble those seen in sodium-depleted animals, and may reflect the altered steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal gland in pregnant sheep. The finding of groups of cells displaying altered mitochondria lying next to cells with normal mitochondria suggests the presence of cells with different sensitivities to stimuli for aldosterone production or may indicate the presence of different cell types in the zona glomerulosa responding to different stimuli.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222382
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    The ultrastructure of oesophageal striated muscle in the guinea-pig and marmoset (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 365-376 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oesophageal striated muscle ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea-pig, marmoset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of oesophageal striated muscle from guinea-pig and marmoset have been examined using transmission electron microscopy and compared with ultrastructural features of skeletal muscle. The findings show that, although similar to skeletal muscle, oesophageal striated muscle exhibits important differences in the arrangement of its muscle fibres and their motor innervation. It was also found impossible to classify oesophageal striated muscle according to the usual ultrastructural criteria since its motor endplates bore a greater resemblance to those of intrafusal skeletal muscle fibres. The consideration of these differences in conjunction with characteristics revealed elsewhere by other techniques confirms the unique nature of oesophageal striated muscle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213774
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    Structure of the pars distalis in the adult tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 155-174 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Tammar wallaby ; Marsupialia ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical, light- and electron-microscopial study was made of the pars distalis in adult tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). The pars distalis of this marsupial mammal was divided into three regions, based on the distribution of cell types within the gland. Somatotropic, mammotropic, luteotropic, folliculotropic, corticotropic and thyrotropic cells were identified on the basis of their immunohistochemistry, cytology and ultrastructure. Non-granulated (folliculo-stellate) cells, identified in electron micrographs, were found throughout the pars distalis. Somatotropic cells were predominant in the posterior pars distalis in all animals examined. In the single male specimen and in the non-lactating females examined, small numbers of apparently inactive mammotropic cells were scattered throughout the pars distalis; the same cell type was apparently active and present in considerable numbers in lactating females. Only one morphological type of gonadotropic cell was evident; these cells were scattered throughout the pars distalis, but in largest numbers in the median region. Small numbers of thyrotropic cells were found, most commonly in the anterior pars distalis. Corticotrops were also observed in moderate numbers, predominantly in the anterior regions of the pars distalis.
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    Ultrastructure of sensilla on the antennal pedicel of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Insecta: Homoptera) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 313-322 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory ; Sensilla ; Ultrastructure ; Insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning- and transmission electron-microscope studies of the sensilla of the pedicel of Nilaparvata lugens have revealed an elaborate plaque organ and three structurally different types of trichoid hairs. Each plaque organ is innervated by 120–150 neurons arranged in groups. The porous sensory cuticle is folded into finger-like projections and is surrounded by protective non-sensory denticles. Trichoid sensilla differ in number of neurons, appearance of dendrites and arrangement of pores. Type I, innervated by 2 neurons, has pores along its length and is probably olfactory in function. Types II and III are innervated by one and five neurons, respectively, and the absence of pores along the hair shaft indicates a possible gustatory role. The importance of these sensilla is discussed with reference to the behaviour of this important insect pest.
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    Topography, ultrastructure and phagocytic capacity of avian lymph nodes (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 389-403 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node, avian ; Ultrastructure ; Macrophages ; Phagocytic capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the avian lymph node (ALN) is characterized by a thin capsule, thin lymphoreticular cords, and an absence of trabeculae. It is not possible to subdivide the ALN into cortex, paracortex and medulla, or to subdivide the system of sinuses into marginal, trabecular and medullary divisions. The lymphoreticular cords contain avian germinal centers (AGC) with B-lymphocytes and the area of T-lymphocytes. Postcapillary venules are responsible for the recirculation of lymphocytes. Sinus reticular cells do not exist in the ALN, but free macrophages are present. The phagocytic capacity of the macrophages was determined by injection of vital dyes (India ink, Berlin blue) and inoculation with Candida cells. Macrophages filled with markers migrate from the lymph sinuses into the lymphoreticular cords and further into the AGC. The mobility of the macrophages is remarkably lower after phagocytosis of Candida cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204887
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    Differentiation and transdifferentiation of adrenal chromaffin cells of the guinea pig (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 299-308 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal chromaffin cells ; Plasticity ; Transplants ; Kidney capsule ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholamine biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical studies (quantitative determinations of catecholamines (CA) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity) were carried out on autologous transplants of adult guinea-pig adrenal medulla under the kidney capsule, in order to investigate the specific influences of a virtually nerve-free environment in comparison to those mediated by a densely innervated one such as in the iris (cf. Unsicker et al. 1981). Three weeks after transplantation chromaffin cells survived well, most cells maintaining their morphological identity in terms of adrenaline (A) storage, although biochemically measured A and PNMT had dramatically decreased. Chromaffin cells in transplants extended neurite-like processes in an identical fashion as seen in transplants to the anterior chamber of the eye and in culture. Chromaffin cells were frequently connected by synaptoid contacts, but did not receive cholinergic synapses as observed in transplants to the iris. It may be concluded that the growth factor(s) eliciting neurite outgrowth from transplanted chromaffin cells are rather ubiquitously present, independent of whether the transplantation site is sparsely or richly innervated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214977
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  • 97
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    Structural and functional studies of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded sheep (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 515-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Ultrastructure ; Sodium depletion ; Sodium loading ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of alterations in sodium status upon the morphology of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sheep have been examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using lightand electron microscopy, and correlated with functionally related biochemical data. With severe sodium depletion induced by parotid-cannula drainage, there was mitotic activity throughout the zona glomerulosa, and glandular cells showed striking ultrastructural changes. These changes particularly affected mitochondria, which were enlarged, rounded and showed replacement of their normal lamelliform cristae by thin elongated cristal elements and bundles of tubular “rod-like” structures. Quantitative morphometric studies showed an increase in the volumes of zona glomerulosa cells, nuclei, mitochondria, smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi profiles. In contrast, with dietary sodium loading, zona glomerulosa cells appeared shrunken and showed cytoplasmic lipid accumulation; mitochondria and other organelles were not significantly altered. The correlation of the ultrastructural cytological alterations in zona glomerulosa cells in sodium-depleted sheep with raised blood aldosterone levels suggests that such morphologic changes reflect a heightened capacity of these cells for aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion. These changes may also account for the increased sensitivity of the zona glomerulosa to aldosterone-producing stimuli during sodium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207695
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Variation in sperm morphology in the Australian rodent genus, Pseudomys (Muridae) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoa ; Ultrastructure ; Pseudomys (Muridae, Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sperm morphology among the various members of the genus Pseudomys showed great interspecific variation. In P. apodemoides, P. desertor, P. fumeus, P. gracilicaudatus, P. hermannsburgensis, P. higginsi and P. nanus the sperm head was bilaterally flattened and possessed three hooks, the length of which varied somewhat between species. The top hook contained nuclear, subacrosomal and acrosomal material, whereas the two lower ventral hooks displayed largely only an extension of the subacrosomal material. Four other species of Pseudomys had no ventral hooks in their sperm head. In P. novaehollandiae there was a single long top hook, whereas in P. pilligaensis it was almost nonexistent. Neither the sperm head of P. delicatulus, nor that of P. shortridgei possessed any hooks; the former became narrower towards the tip, whereas the latter was spatulate in shape. The acrosome covered about two thirds of the nucleus and varied considerably in shape between species. Insertion of the connecting piece of the tail occurred on the lower ventral side of the sperm head in all species with a long top hook but was nearly basal in P. delicatulus and midbasal in P. shortridgei. The ultrastructure of mid and principal pieces was similar among species, but the number of gyres of mitochondria ranged from about 64 to 100.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207701
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of sensory receptors on the labium of the rice brown planthopper (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 353-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Labium ; Sensilla ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the sensory receptors located on the labium of the rice brown planthopper is described; possible functions of individual receptors are suggested on morphological grounds. Uniporous chemosensilla which may or may not possess a mechanoreceptive dendrite, domed multiporous chemosensilla, and mechanoreceptive pegs are present on the flattened labial tip. Mechanoreceptive pegs are distributed over the labium. The fine structure of a multilobed sensillum located on either side of the labium is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213809
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  • 100
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    Effects of melatonin on synaptic ribbons in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Synaptic ribbon ; Melatonin ; Ultrastructure ; Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of melatonin on synaptic ribbons (SR) in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) were examined. SR were classified into types 1, 2 and 3, which appear as rods, round or irregular bodies and ring-shaped structures, respectively; a synaptic ribbon index (SR index) was determined for the three types. Administration of two doses of 1.5 mg/kg melatonin at noon and 3 p.m. causes an increase in the type-1 and type-2 SR indices 3 h after the second injection in hamsters kept under alternating light and dark conditions (lights on from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.). Likewise, in animals that are exposed to extended light for 6 h and receive two doses of melatonin at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m., an increase in the type-1 and type-2 SR indices occurs 3 h after the second injection. The increase in the type-2 SR index induced by melatonin administration to hamsters exposed to extended light is greater than the increase in the type-1 SR index under the same experimental conditions. Type-2 SR index, but not type-1 SR index, increases following bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy. An increase in type-1 and type-2 SR indices occurs at 6 p.m. in ganglionectomized animals administered two doses of melatonin 6 h (noon) and 3 h (3 p.m.) before the time of sacrifice. No significant change is observed in type-3 SR index in animals subjected to any of the above treatments. The results indicate that exogenous melatonin may act directly on pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster to cause an increase in size and/or number of the type-1 and type-2 SR. Type 3-SR may have a role different from that of type-1 and type-2 SR; type-1 and type-2 SR may be functionally related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222232
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