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  • SPACE SCIENCES  (2,954)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (2,954)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1973  (1,545)
  • 1971  (1,409)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (2,954)
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
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    Optical and high frequency electrical properties of the lunar sample (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Reflectivity and polarization laws for the powder sample and its spectrum are close to the mean for the lunar maria. Solid samples show a marked absorption feature at 1 micron. The low albedo appears to be due to a surface coating on dust grains rather than volume absorption. The high frequency electrical properties resemble those of a fine powder made from typical dense terrestrial rocks, and are consistent with previous ground-based radar estimates. The differential mass spectrum is almost constant from 100 micron particles down to 0.1 micron; most particles are smaller than 0.3 micron. Their shapes disclose a variety of generation processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 25-39
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  • 2
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    The behavior of magnitude dependent systematic errors (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objective grating technique is discussed. From the investigation of actual material, it is established that the effect of coma varies significantly from plate to plate, also that a model linear in diameter and/or coordinate may be inadequate for its removal, and even introduce systematic errors. From this standpoint, the requirements of reference star systems are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 241-248
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  • 3
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    An analysis of the AGK3 comparison star positions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Proper motions formed with the use of positions in the AGK3 and other, older catalogues are investigated for systematic trends.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 169-172
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  • 4
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    Tests of general relativity using pulsars (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The arrival times of the pulses from each pulsar are measured by a cesium clock. The observations are all made at a frequency of 2388 MHz (12.5 cm wavelength) on a 26 m dish antenna. The effect of interstellar charged particles is a random one that increases the noise level on the arrival time measurements. The variation in clock rate is shown consisting of two effects: the time dilation effect of special relativity and the red shift effect of general relativity.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 65-67
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  • 5
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    The cosmic helium abundance (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Cosmic helium abundance was studied through the interior structure of young stars, profiles of helium absorption lines in the photospheric spectra of hot young stars, and emission-line spectrum of ionized gas. It is concluded that helium occurred before galaxies were formed. Inconsistencies found in the quasar spectra are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 1-3
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  • 6
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    Orbital science photography. Part H - Astronomical photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Astronomical photography of zodiacal light and lunar libration clouds
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 300-302
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  • 7
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    Orbital science photography. Part C - Hycon photography of the central highlands (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: High resolution strip photography of lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 283-290
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  • 8
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    Orbital-science photography. Part A - Volcanic features in the far-side highlands (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Study of far side upland volcanism of lunar surface using Hasseblad camera
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 267-274
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  • 9
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    Bistatic-radar investigation (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Bistatic radar for remote determination of vertical crustal structure of lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 257-266
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  • 10
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    S-band transponder experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 command service and lunar module orbital velocity data from radio navigation S-band transponder experiment for lunar gravitation effects
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 253-256
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  • 11
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    Lunar-surface closeup stereoscopic photography (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Closeup photographs of soil and rock on lunar surface obtained with Apollo 14 stereoscopic camera
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 239-247
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  • 12
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    The solar-wind composition experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Aluminum foils for measuring solar wind ion composition
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 221-226
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  • 13
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    Lunar portable magnetometer experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar portable magnetometer experiment to measure steady magnetic field at different sites in Fra Mauro region - Apollo 14 flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 227-237
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  • 14
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    Laser ranging retroreflector (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Laser ranging retroreflector deployed on lunar surface to study lunar librations for defining precisely lunar orbits and studying earth planetary structure - Apollo 14 flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 215-220
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  • 15
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    Cold-cathode-gage experiment /lunar atmosphere detector/ (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Cold cathode gage for measuring amount of gas present in lunar atmosphere
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 185-191
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  • 16
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    Active seismic experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Active seismic signal analysis from Apollo 14 thumper and mortar detonations on lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 163-174
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  • 17
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    Passive seismic experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Seismic signal analysis from Apollo 14 passive seismic experiment
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 133-161
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  • 18
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    Preliminary examination of lunar samples (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mineralogy and petrology of lunar rock and soil samples returned from Apollo 14 landing site
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 109-131
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  • 19
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    Soil mechanics experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar soil mechanics and properties based on Apollo 14 observations and data
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 87-108
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  • 20
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    Crew observations (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 crew visual observations of earth, moon, lunar topology and geology, and astronaut maneuverability during extravehicular activity
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 33-37
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  • 21
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    Photographic summary (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Photographic equipment and film used during Apollo 14 flight in command and lunar modules and during extravehicular activity
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 9-32
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  • 22
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    Summary of scientific results (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 lunar seismographic, geologic, magnetic field, and atmospheric data summary
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 1-8
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  • 23
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    Choice of integrators for use with a variation of parameters formulation (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Perturbation theory using variation of parameters formulation to calculate satellite orbits
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 117-121
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  • 24
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    Viking mission support (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Viking mission support by tracking and data system of DSN
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 7-10
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  • 25
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    Mariner Mars 1971 mission support (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mariner Mars 1971 mission support plan modifications and cost reductions by DSN
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 4-6
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  • 26
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    DSN functions and facilities (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Deep Space Network functions, and facility operations
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: THE DEEP SPACE NETWORK, VOL. 1 15 FEB. 1971; P 1-3
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  • 27
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    Infrared spectroscopy experiment: An overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A retrospective look at the operation and results of the experiment is presented. The design and performance of the infrared interferometer spectrometer are discussed along with the results obtained concerning the atmospheric and surface properties.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 41-52
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  • 28
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    Project objectives and mission profile (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mission planning, payloads, launch, and orbital insertion are described for Mariner mission 8 and 9. Mission sequences and planet coverage as a function of time in orbit are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 1-11
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  • 29
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    Atmospheric Phenomena Working Group (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Atmospheric processes on Mars are reported based on atmospheric observations from Mariner 9. Topics discussed include: atmospheric temperature and wind, cloud processes, minor constituents, global dust storm, and surface pressure distribution.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 99-104
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  • 30
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    Volatiles working group (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The physical behavior of water and carbon dioxide on Mars was studied. Topics discussed include: physics of polar frosts, CO2 budget, atmospheric minor constituents, chemical and physical properties of surface materials, layered deposits, and the role of volatiles in the Martian landscape formation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 87-97
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  • 31
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    Surface properties working group (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objectives of the Mars surface properties working group are described. The objectives were: (1) determine a simple reference surface that would adequately represent the shape of the planet for cartographic purposes; (2) monitor the topographic results and to assess the relative calibration and accuracies of these techniques, thereby leading to a composite topographic map of the planet; and (3) facilitate the exchange of data in closely connected disciplines. The shape, topography, and isobaric surface are discussed along with the gravity field, and crustal density model. It was found that there is no simple reference figure for the planetary surface, although an offset, triaxial ellipsoid is adequate for most purposes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 81-85
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  • 32
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    Some physical properties of Apollo 12 lunar samples (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The size distribution of the lunar fines is measured, and small but significant differences are found between the Apollo 11 and 12 samples as well as among the Apollo 12 core samples. The observed differences in grain size distribtuion in the core samples are related to surface transportation processes, and the importance of a sedimentation process versus meteoritic impact gardening of the mare grounds is discussed. The optical and the radio frequency electrical properties are measured and are also found to differ only slightly from Apollo 11 results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Res. on Lunar Mater.; p 2-24
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  • 33
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    Cape photographic catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A history and discussion of the photographic star catalog work at the Cape Observatory is given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 197-199
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  • 34
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    Plans for a standard region for long focus astrographs (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The construction of a catalog of precise star positions in the region of Praesepe is proposed. A list of the 408 stars to be included is given. The program stars were chosen on the basis of their position, magnitude and color, and the availability of accurate early epoch positions. The present status of the project is noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 191-196
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  • 35
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    The AGK3, a basis for a general (northern) reference catalogue of positions and proper motions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The original concept of the international AGK3 program is presented and a report on the methods applied and on the progress of the work is given. The results in the form of revised positions of the AGK2 reduced to the FK4 system, and of AGK3, can be extrapolated easily to earlier epochs, as far back as those of AGK1, and the mean error for these epochs will permit one the deriving of reliable values for systematic corrections of the old catalogs. By using the AGK2/3 positions a general catalog of roughly to the ninth magnitude can be constructed by including large catalogs such as AGK1, AC, and Yale. Thus a new edition of the type of the SAO catalog for the northern hemisphere can be produced.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 161-168
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  • 36
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    Applications of presently planned interplanetary missions to testing gravitational theories (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A summary of the probable interplanetary missions for the 1970's is presented, which may prove useful in testing the general theory of relativity. Mission characteristics are discussed, as well as instrumentation. This last includes a low-level accelerometer and S-/X-band transponders and antennas.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 213-221
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  • 37
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    Experiment S010: Agena micrometeorite collection (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A study was made of the micrometeoroid content of the upper atmosphere and the near-earth space environment. Highly polished collection surfaces attached to the target docking adapter (TDA) were exposed to micrometeorite impact and debris collection during the Gemini 8, 9, and 10 missions. Also, the device was attached to the Gemini Agena target vehicle (GATV) during the Gemini 12 mission. The effects of space environment exposure on viable microorganisms were recorded. No substantive data regarding space environment micrometeorite content were derived from the Gemini 9 or 12 missions. However, some substantive data were obtained from the experiment package that was retrieved from the Gemini 10 mission. The micrometeorite-flux values obtained were in general agreement with values obtained from previous experiments by the use of other experimental equipment. The microorganisms that were retrieved from the Gemini 10 experiment package did not survive. However, the same kinds of specimens inside the package had good survival rates. Upon initial analysis, it appeared that the closed-cover shielding was a contributing factor in the protection and survival of the microorganisms.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 303-312
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  • 38
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    Inversion of very large matrices encountered in large scale problems of photogrammetry and photographic astrometry (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The simultaneous adjustment of very large nets of overlapping plates covering the celestial sphere becomes computationally feasible by virtue of a twofold process that generates a system of normal equations having a bordered-banded coefficient matrix, and solves such a system in a highly efficient manner. Numerical results suggest that when a well constructed spherical net is subjected to a rigorous, simultaneous adjustment, the exercise of independently established control points is neither required for determinancy nor for production of accurate results.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 249-267
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  • 39
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    Recent progress on the Yale zone catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The measurement or reduction of stars in southern zones is reported. The catalog for the -35 deg to -40 deg zone is rapidly nearing completion. All the reductions and comparisons with other catalogs have been completed. The tables and star charts are being prepared in final form for publication.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 173-180
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  • 40
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    Comparison of the SAO and AGK3R star catalogues (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The SAO star catalog positions from the GC and the AGK2 and Yale photographic catalogs are compared with the AGK3R catalog. Both catalogs are alleged to be on the system of the FK4. When the differences are considered as accidental errors, the mean errors deduced for positions from the SAO at the epoch 1958.5 range from 0.61 seconds to 0.25 seconds. The systematic differences in right ascension between SAO and AGK3R positions to the north of 60 deg declination indicate that each SAO source represents the FK4 somewhat differently than the AGK3R.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 181-190
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  • 41
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    The origin and goals of the automated stellar proper motion survey (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The historical background of the automation of the stellar proper motion survey is traced from its beginnings to the taking of the series of plates with the 48 inch Schmidt telescope at Mount Palomar covering 77% of the sky with 936 plates. The design goal for the automation is the documentation of the proper motions of stars from tenth through twentieth red magnitude. A typical scanning time for a pair of 14 inch star plates is projected to be about 45 minutes with the total processing time estimated at between one and two years for the complete set of plates.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 1-3
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  • 42
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    Anchoring spacecraft to planets (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: For planet tracking, the immense mass relative to applied nongravitational forces (for even the smaller asteroids) removes limitations on the ability to model orbital motion mathematically. A lander on a natural satellite (other than the moon) would not suffer from nongravitational effects, and would further have a large mean motion, which is important for observing gravitational effects. The tracking of a Mars lander over a long period would yield conclusions in the areas of relativity (determination of the parameter beta), the inertial framework, Mars' internal structure (based on the polar moment), and Mars' physical ephemeris.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 244-248
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  • 43
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    Experiment D012: Astronaut maneuvering unit (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: All astronaut maneuvering unit systems used during the Gemini 9 mission were in an acceptable condition for flight when the evaluation was terminated. Some difficulty was experienced with reception of the voice signal by the command pilot. All of the donning provisions are apparently practical in the orbital environment; however, the donning activities were more difficult to perform than had been experienced in the one-g and zero-g training exercises. Lighting was marginal because of the failure of one adapter floodlight and one penlight. The crewmembers reported a tendency for the extravehicular activity pilot and any loose equipment to move outward from the earth relative to the spacecraft. This tendency affected activities at a work station and maneuvering in an extravehicular environment.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 523-554
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    Infrared radiometry experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objectives of the experiment are discussed. These objectives were: (1) measure the thermophysical properties of the Martian surface on a global scale; (2) isolate large-scale irregularities in the global picture; and (3) isolate small-scale hot or cold spots on the surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 37-40
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    Celestial mechanics experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The efforts and accomplishments of the CME Team are summarized. The objectives and experiment status, gravity field of Mars, test of general relativity, and the generation of normal points are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 13-31
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    Summation and critique (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A brief history of gravitational theory studies is presented. A discussion of the papers given at the conference follows. Possibilities for further study are noted.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 252-256
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    Experiment D003: Mass determination (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The accuracy of a direct contact method with a spacecraft to determine the mass of an orbiting object was studied. The precedure involved acceleration of the Gemini Agena target vehicle by the use of the Gemini 9 spacecraft propulsion system. The target vehicle mass was calculated from the resultant acceleration, updated Gemini spacecraft mass, and calibrated thrust levels of the air-firing thrusters of the orbital attitude and maneuver system of the Gemini spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 555-559
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    Experiment S012: Micrometeorite collection (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The micrometeorite activity in a near-earth environment and the effect of the environment on microorganisms were studied by exposure of polished metal and plastic surfaces to the environment outside the Gemini spacecraft. Preliminary results are summarized as follows: (1) The cumulative influx rate in the size ranges from 10 to the minus 15th power to 10 to the minus 14th power gram was approximately 2 particles/ sq m/sec, as determined on the Gemini 12 mission; (2) The cumulative influx rate in the same mass range, as determined by the data from the Gemini 9 mission was almost 200 particles/ sq m/sec; and (3) The large particle cumulative influx rate was about 3 x 0.00001 particle/ sq m/sec, with a mass of the order of 10 to the minus 7th power gram. No living organisms could be found on the sterile collecting surfaces after recovery and handling.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 313-336
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    Borehole probes: Summary of previous work (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Previous research explored the applicability of some devices to lunar borehold testing and, in particular, examined the use of such instruments to assess the strength of soils and rocks. Special attention was given to borehole jacks, which essentially conduct a plate bearing test across opposing wall areas. Analytical work employed finite element analysis, the theory of plasticity, and the theory of elasticity using the complex variable method. A number of solutions were reached for tractable subproblems in the set of problems posed when a jack is used to expand sectors of a borehole. In addition, an investigation with physical models was made to explore the modes of behavior for varying boundary conditions and materials, including both elastic and plastic media.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Lunar Surface Eng. Properties Expt. Definition, Vol. 3; 14 p
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    Remote sensing of Mare Serenitatis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An examination was made of earth based observations of optical color differences, infrared eclipse temperatures, and radar backscatter for Mare Serenitatis. Information is also included on orbital observations, physical properties of surface types, and correlation of surface types with geologic units. Differences in these remote observations are attributed to variations in chemical and minerological compositions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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    Mare ridges and lava lakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The autointrusive hypothesis of the origin of several vagaries of prominent mare ridges is explained. Data are based on a comparison between the structure of a Hawaiian lava lake and the mare ridges. Resulting data suggest that these ridges may have formed as squeeze-ups and autointrusives in tension fractures over buried topography in the crust of luna lava lakes. Data also suggest that mare ridges may result from: (1) pressure ridges in flows, (2) compressional features resulting from subsidence of mare lava, (3) volcanic ring structures and extrusives, or loccoliths fed by lunar grid controlled dikes, (4) draped topography and fissure eruptives, (5) drag folds or tension-gash dikes caused by wrench faulting at depth, and (6) postmare thrust faults.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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    D-Caldera: New photographs of a unique feature (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Apollo 17 data on the setting and detailed characteristics of the D-Caldera structure are analyzed. Data are also given on the formation of the structure.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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    Comparative geology of crater Aratus CA (Mare Serenitatis) and Bear Crater (Idaho) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Aratus CA (lat. 24.5 N, long. 11.3 E) is an irregular-shaped crater 8.6 km long by 3 km wide in western Mare Serenitatis, which was photographed during the Apollo 15 and 17 missions. It is similar in form to Bear Crater (fig. 30-2), a small volcanic vent formed in Holocene basalt flows of the Snake River Plains, Idaho. The two features are compared and it is concluded that Aratus CA may have a geologic structure and history similar to that of Bear Crater.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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    Basalt stratigraphy of southern Mare Serenitatis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The major features of the stratigraphic and structural sequence are summarized for Mare Serenitatis. The dark oldest basalts include flows coextensive with Mare Tranquillitatis and also flows and pyroclastic deposits (dark mantles) that erupted from the edge of the Serenitatis basin. The basin sagged, possibly isostatically, as basalts of intermediate age were emplaced. Sagging had nearly ceased by the time the youngest flows were deposited. Compressive movements including thrusting followed, and small extensional fissures formed in late Copernican time. The revised stratigraphic sequence that was elaborated has implications for lunar stratigraphy that transcend the boundaries of Mare Serenitatis. Dark mantle deposits and the darkest maria have commonly been assumed in geologic mapping to be relatively youthful. These assumptions must now be reevaluated and perhaps discarded.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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    Lunar neutron probe experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary results of the Apollo 17 neutron probe are presented. The probe which was designed for measuring neutron capture rates to a depth of 2m in the lunar regolith is described, and the fission rates for U-235 are discussed. It is concluded that good agreement exists between the experimental results and theoretical calculations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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    Saturn satellite encounter opportunities for Mariner Jupiter-Saturn 1977 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: The opportunities for close satellite encounters which meet the planetary constraints at Saturn that are imposed by science value return and environmental conditions are investigated. Since the satellites travel at various speeds in their orbits, Saturn arrival time is critical and was chosen as the design parameter. Arrival times are recommended which afford close satellite encounters and also meet important mission constraints. A design chart illustrates the satellite opportunities as a function of Saturn arrival date. Through the use of such a design chart, the Saturn encounter design process, which will take place according to recommendations by the selected science investigators over the next several years, will be considerably streamlined. Potential applications are given to illustrate the use of the Saturn satellite opportunity chart in encounter design.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 1; p 14-25
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    Aitken crater and its environs (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The physical characteristics of the fresh looking Aitken Crater and its surrounding environment are studied. Rim deposits and ejecta blanket indicate the crater has a probable impact origin or is formed during post-Aitken events. Data also indicate the crater's dark floor fill, its flow scarps, and smaller craters with domical structures are volcanic in origin. Landform varieties suggest episodic erruptions may also cause such craters.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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    Lunar thrust faults in the Taurus-Littrow region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Evidence, suggesting that wrinkle ridges and similar looking one-sided scrapes in the Taurus-Littrow region are caused by anticlines and thrust faults resulting from sliding on a flowing surface, is given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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    Small structures of the Taurus-Littrow region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Apollo 17 photographs of small structures expressed as scarps, ledges, flow fronts, and mare type ridges are compared in an effort to determine the origin of such structures. The resulting data revealed that these structures were probably developed as lava extrusions from fractures and fissures along with associated faulting and folding.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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    Volcanism in the lunar Maria (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The formation, modification, and deformation of lunar maria by extended volcanic and tectonic processes are examined. Data also cover lava flows, sinuous rilles, mare ridges, faults, and fracture systems. Stages involved in the modification of impact craters by tectonism, volcanism, younger impacts, and mass wasting are included.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 11 p
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    Mare Serenitatis cinder cones and terrestrial analogs (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Volcanic cones in the Serenitatis basin are compared to terrestrial volcanic formations. Cinder cones, basalt flows and their morphology are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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    Geologic setting of the dark mantling material in the Taurus-Littrow region of the moon (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The dark mantle along the southeastern margin of the Serenitatis basin is discussed in terms of its relation to the surrounding areas. The characteristics, and the relationship to younger formations are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 13 p
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    Passive seismic experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The network of seismometers installed by the Apollo 17 and other Apollo missions is described. The effects of the impacts of lunar modules and S-4B stages on the lunar surfaces are discussed. The information concerning lunar composition which is obtained by analyzing the seismic signals generated by moonquakes and meteoroid impacts are analyzed. It is concluded that the seismic activity within the moon is extremely low compared to that with the earth. The moon is characterized by a rigid, dynamically inactive outer shell, approximately 1000 kilometers thick, surrounding a core that has markedly different elastic properties.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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    Soil mechanics (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The soil mechanics experiment on the Apollo 17 mission to the Taurus-Littrow area of the moon is discussed. The objectives of the experiment were to determine the physical characteristics and mechanical properties of the lunar soil at the surface and subsurface in lateral directions. Data obtained on the lunar surface in conjunction with observations of returned samples of lunar soil are used to determine in-place density and porosity profiles and to determine strength characteristics on local and regional scales.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 22 p
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    Space station capability for research in rotational hypogravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Certain capabilities provided in preliminary designs of orbital space stations for research in rotational hypogravity are outlined. Also indicated are alternative configurations that are being considered. Principal addresses are members of an international community of physiologists whose work in earth oriented, as well as space oriented, physiology can be supported through observation under the background environment of null gravity. Their participation in originating and devising advanced experiments and in developing requirements is expected to enhance final design of the selected space station and to make the research program more meaningful.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 43-53
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    Volcanic features of far side Crater Aitken (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Volcanic features of the far side Aitken Crater including post-impact volcanism and volcanic events extending beyond the period of mare type crater flooding are discussed. The features attributed to extrusions of viscous lava are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 2 p
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    The lunar herringbone pattern (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Several defined examples of the V shaped components of herringbone patterns observed on Apollo 17 and Apollo 15 metric and panoramic photographs are given along with an explanation on the impact mechanism for forming the V shaped structures. Observations of isolated crater chains having the herringbone patterns but not obviously associated with any primary crater are also included. Preliminary results indicate the lunar herringbone patterns are common to characteristics of secondary cratering and that the pattern results from the collision of material ejected from separated impact points.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 15 p
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    Lunar crater morphometry (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A general study is presented on the surface geometry of 25 far-side craters along with a detailed study of rim-crest evenness for 15 near-side and far-side craters. Analysis of this preliminary sample of Apollo 15 and 17 data, which includes craters between 1.5 and 275 km in diameter, suggests that most genetic interpretations of craters made from pre-Apollo topographic measurements may require no drastic revision. All measurements were made from topographic profiles generated on a stereoplotter.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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    Lunar seismic profiling experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Apollo 17 lunar seismic profiling experiment was conducted to record the vibrations of the lunar surface as induced by explosive charges, the thrust of the lunar module ascent engine, and the crash of the lunar module ascent stage. Analysis of the data obtained made it possible to determine the internal characteristics of the lunar crust to a depth of several kilometers. The test equipment used in the experiment is described. Maps showing the location of the geophones and the deployed explosive packages are provided. Samples of the seismic signals recorded by the lunar seismic profiling experiment geophones are included.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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    Science sequence design (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The activities of the following members of the Navigation Team are recorded: the Science Sequence Design Group, responsible for preparing the final science sequence designs; the Advanced Sequence Planning Group, responsible for sequence planning; and the Science Recommendation Team (SRT) representatives, responsible for conducting the necessary sequence design interfaces with the teams during the mission. The interface task included science support in both advance planning and daily operations. Science sequences designed during the mission are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Its Mariner 9 Navigation; p 225-270
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    Trajectory description (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Mariner 9 spacecraft was launched by an Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle (AC-23) on a direct-ascent trajectory from the Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR) launch complex 36B on May 30, 1971. Liftoff occurred at 22 h 23 min 04.5 s GMT, slightly more than 6 min after the opening of a 60-min launch window. The vehicle rose vertically for approximately 15 s, during which time, a programmed roll to a launch azimuth of 92.74 deg was performed. After the initial vertical rise, the vehicle, guided by the open-loop Atlas autopilot, began to pitch over into a zero-lift trajectory. The first of three main powered phases was terminated by booster engine cutoff (BECO) at 22 h 25 min 35.5 s. After the Atlas booster engine package was jettisoned 3 s later, the flight continued under the power of the Atlas sustainer engine and guided by the Centaur guidance system operating in a closed-loop mode.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Its Mariner 9 Navigation; p 218-224
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    Satellite orbit determination (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A historic account of the activities of the Satellite OD Group during the MM'71 mission is given along with an assessment of the accuracy of the determined orbit of the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Preflight study results are reviewed, and the major error sources described. Tracking and data fitting strategy actually used in the real time operations is itemized, and Deep Space Network data available for orbit fitting during the mission and the auxiliary information used by the navigation team are described. A detailed orbit fitting history of the first four revolutions of the satellite orbit of Mariner 9 is presented, with emphasis on the convergence problems and the delivered solution for the first orbit trim maneuver. Also included are a solution accuracy summary, the history of the spacecraft orbit osculating elements, the results of verifying the radio solutions with TV imaging data, and a summary of the normal points generated for the relativity experiment.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Its Mariner 9 Navigation; p 119-192
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    Interplanetary orbit determination (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The logistical aspects of orbit determination (OD) in the interplanetary phase of the Mariner Mars 1971 mission are described and the working arrangements for the OD personnel, both within the Navigation Team and with outside groups are given. Various types of data used in the OD process are presented along with sources of the data. Functional descriptions of the individual elements of the OD software and brief sketches of their modes of operation are provided.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Its Mariner 9 Navigation; p 20-118
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    Eratosthenian volcanism in Mare Imbrium: Source of youngest lava flows (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Orbital photographic documentation of lava flow in the southwestern Mare Imbrium by Apollo 17 are introduced. A detailed photogeologic evaluation of these flows and their role in mare volcanism of the Eratosthenian age in the basin is included. Special attention was given to the source of phase 3, the youngest lava flows.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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    Some volcanic and structural features of Mare Serenitatis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Relationships between volcanic and structural features along the southern edge of Mare Serenitatis as determined from low angle lighting in Apollo 17 photographs are discussed. Observational summaries are given of: (1) contact relations between the dark border material and the central mare fill, (2) a late stage lava flow with associated cinder cones, and (3) certain structural features related to the development of the mare basin and its associated volcanic landforms. A chronologic summary is given of volcanic and structural events believed to be critical to understanding the development of Mare Serenitatis.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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    Relative ages of some near-side Mare units based on Apollo 17 metric photographs (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Relative flux ages were determined for 110 areas on parts of Serenitatis, Vaporum, and Imbrium, using Apollo 17 metric photographs. The crater-morphology technique for determining relative ages is described. It is concluded that these maria formed over an interval of 1.5 billion years, extending from 3.7 to 2.2 billion years ago.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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    Geologic map of the northern Crisium region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Apollo 17 metric photographs provide the best available coverage for geologic interpretation of northern Mare Crisium and the northern Crisium basin. One region in particular, between Alhazen Crater and longitude 66 E, had previously been covered very poorly. The Apollo 17 photographs provide excellent monoscopic as well as stereoscopic viewing because of the favorably low sun illuminations (15 deg to 49 deg). These new photographic data allow the geology of the basin, the mare, and other nearby terrains to be reevaluated. This reexamination, together with data from continuing moon-wide photogeologic studies and analyses of returned rocks from Apollo landing sites, has produced a simple evolutionary picture of the region, expressed by fewer map units and explained by fewer basic processes than previously thought necessary.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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    Geological observations from lunar orbit (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The visual observations of the lunar surface from the command module of the Apollo 17 flight are presented. Detailed descriptions of the observation sites are given.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 32 p
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  • 79
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    Apollo window meteoroid experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Apollo command module heat shield windows were examined for meteoroid impacts to obtain information about (1) the flux of meteoroids with masses of 10 to the -7th g and less, (2) dynamic and physical properties of meteoroids, and (3) correlations with lunar-rock-crater studies. The results of examining Apollo 17, and nine prior Apollo windows are tabulated. The window exposure time, number of impacts, crater diameter, flux, energy, and mass are shown.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelimin. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 80
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    Apollo lunar sounder experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The four basic data products from the ALSE are sounding, profiling, imaging, and noise measurements. Attention was concentrated on the first three products, and both theory and preliminary results are presented. Background information is presented on the experiment and on the data products. Preliminary examples of the types of analyses that can be performed and the conclusions to which they can lead are included. Preliminary analysis of the data for subsurface features was successful in indicating with a high probability the capability of the ALSE to achieve its fundamental goal of substrate sounding. The imagery and profiling data are useful immediately for geologic interpretation, as demonstrated.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 26 p
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  • 81
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    Lunar ejecta and meteorites experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The test equipment installed during the Apollo 17 flight to conduct the lunar ejecta and meteorites (LEAM) investigation is described. The LEAM experiment intercepts ejecta particles created by meteoroid impact on the lunar surface and records information useful in establishing the history of the moon. The deployment of the system in the Taurus-Littrow area and the method for controlling the equipment are explained. The effects of lunar surface temperatures on the operation of the sensors are reported.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 82
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    S-band transponder experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The purpose of this experiment was to measure the variations in the lunar gravitational field near the trajectory of orbiting space vehicles (the command and service module (CSM) and the small particles and fields subsatellites ejected from the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft). New information has been obtained from all Apollo orbiting spacecraft; however, this report shall be limited to the results from the Apollo 17 CSM and the Apollo 16 subsatellite. The data acquired are precise speed measurements of the orbiting spacecraft from which accelerations or gravity profiles may be inferred. Feature resolution is controlled by the spacecraft altitude and is almost a direct relationship (i.e., data taken from a 50-km altitude will resolve approximately a 50-km feature). Therefore, revolutions 3 to 12, when the CSM was in the low-altitude orbits, provided the clearest information.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 83
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    Traverse gravimeter experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The primary goal of the traverse gravimeter experiment (TGE) was to make relative gravity measurements at a number of sites in the Apollo 17 landing area and to use these measurements to obtain information about the geological substructure. A secondary goal was to obtain the value of the gravity at the landing site relative to an accurately known value on earth. Both these goals were successfully achieved by the experiment. A gravity tie has been obtained between the Taurus-Littrow landing site and the earth with an estimated accuracy of approximately 5 mgal. Relative gravity measurements that can be used to infer the substructure of the area have been obtained at stations visited during each period of extravehicular activity (EVA).
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 13 p
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  • 84
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    Surface electrical properties experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The surface electrical properties (SEP) experiment was used to explore the subsurface material of the Apollo 17 landing site by means of electromagnetic radiation. The experiment was designed to detect electrical layering, discrete scattering bodies, and the possible presence of water. From the analysis of the data, it was expected that values of the electrical properties (dielectric constant and loss tangent) of lunar material in situ would be obtained. The basic principle of the SEP experiment is interferometry. This principle involves only the interference of two or more waves to produce an interference pattern. The inversion of the interference pattern in terms of the spatial distribution of the electrical properties is the basic aim of the experiment (fig. 15-1). The experiment is most easily understood in terms of a single dipole antenna for radiating electromagnetic energy and a loop receiver for measuring the magnitudes of the fields.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 85
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    Heat flow experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The heat flow experiment conducted during the Apollo 17 flight in the Taurus-Littrow area of the moon is discussed. The concept of the experiment is based on the direct measurement of the vertical flow of heat through the regolith. The measurement is made far enough below the surface so that the time-varying heat flow resulting from the very large diurnal variations of the surface temperature is small as compared with the flow from the interior. The equipment used for the experiment is described and illustrated. Graphs are developed to present the results of heat flow and surface temperature measurements.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 24 p
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  • 86
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    A geological investigation of the Taurus-Littrow Valley (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The geological characteristics of the Taurus-Littrow region in the mountainous southeastern ring of the great plain of the Mare Serenitatis are presented. The major geologically defined units within the valley and the mountains surrounding it were examined during the Apollo 17 mission. The data obtained during the geological analysis are presented. Photographs of the significant formations are included. The specific nature of the rock formations and the stratigraphy of the area are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 21 p
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  • 87
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    Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 17 landing site (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A geological investigation of the Apollo 17 lunar landing site was conducted. The Taurus-Littrow valley is interpreted as a deep graben formed by structural adjustment of lunar crustal material to the Serenitatis impact. Materials of the valley fill were sampled at many stations. Ejecta around many craters on the valley floor consist of basalt, showing that the graben was partly filled by lava flows. The geological objectives of the Apollo 17 mission are divided into orbital and lunar surface data collection. The data obtained for both types of investigation are presented in tables, photographs, and drawings.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 91 p
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    Summary of scientific results (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The accomplishments of the Apollo 17 flight are summarized. The basic objective of the mission was to sample basin-rim highland material and adjacent mare material and to investigate the geological evolutionary relationship between these two major units. The lunar experiments which were conducted include: (1) lunar field geology, (2) surface electrical experiments, (3) lunar traverse gravimeter experiments, (4) lunar seismic profiling experiment, (5) lunar ejecta and meteorites experiment, (6) analysis of lunar atmosphere composition, and (7) heat flow experiments.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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    Mission description (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The accomplishments of the Apollo 17 flight are discussed. The scientific objectives included geological surveying and sampling of materials and surface features in a preselected area of the Taurus-Littrow region, deploying and activating surface experiments, and conducting inflight experiments and photographic tasks during lunar orbit and transearth coast. The individual Apollo 17 experiments and photographic tasks are presented in outline form. Charts are developed to show the major mission events and data collection periods correlated to Greenwich Mean Time and ground elapsed time. Maps of the lunar surface ground track envelope for the Apollo 17 orbiting spacecraft for revolutions one to seventy-five is shown.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 90
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    Introduction (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The accomplishments of the Apollo 17 flight are briefly described. The characteristics of the Taurus-Littrow region landing site are analyzed. The experiments conducted to analyze the composition of the lunar surface are reported. The extent to which the results of the Apollo 17 experiments confirmed theories concerning lunar seismology, thermal characteristics, presence of radioactive materials, and origin of the moon is developed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 91
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    Preliminary examination of lunar samples (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An analysis of the lunar samples returned by Apollo 17 was conducted to determine the petrographic characteristics. A table listing all the rocks returned by Apollo 17 by sample number, weight, and rock type is presented. Photographs of lunar samples are included to show the variety of rocks returned. Lunar soils were collected to aid in characterizing the four major photogeologic units determined by preflight studies. Tables are developed to show grain size and grain type for the lunar soils. Radiographs of the drive tubes are interpreted to show the formations existing at various depths below the lunar surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 46 p
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  • 92
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    Ground-based observations of EUV flare emissions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: Ground-based observations have established that impulsive extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flashes occur during solar flares, in close association with hard X-ray bursts and certain impulsive portions of the optical flare. The energy flux radiated in the 10 to 1030 Angstroms wavelength range exceeds that in hard X-rays (greater than or equal to 10 keV) by about 100,000, and is roughly comparable to the energy flux radiated at all optical wavelengths. In this paper our current knowledge of EUV flare radiation and ground-based observations of the radiations are reviewed. Several hypotheses are proposed about the interrelation between impulsive EUV emissions and other flare radiations, their spatial location, and association with magnetic fields.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 242-261
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  • 93
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    Extended mission operations summary, appendix (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Mariner 9 orbital operations and extended mission events are discussed. Spacecraft observations for standard mapping and sun and earth occultations are outlined.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 631-636
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    Preliminary albedo map of the south polar region (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A preliminary albedo map of the Martian south polar region in stereographic projection was prepared mainly from mission test video system (MTVS) prints before rectified and gridded prints were received, but some adjustments were made to conform with a semi-controlled photomosaic. Wherever possible, use also was made of crater coordinates. Two versions of the map are presented: one with a coordinate grid overlay and one without it. The precision of the coordinates is generally within 1 deg in latitude and the corresponding are in longitude. The maps show both the albedo markings and, with subdued contrast, the craters and topographic features that are necessary to locate the former. The map covers the range of latitudes from - 65 deg to the south pole.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 625-629
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  • 95
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    Cartographic products from the Mariner 9 mission (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Simultaneous acquisition of geodetic, cartographic, geologic, and other scientific data on Mars from Mariner 9 required extensive modification of conventional methods of mapping. Preliminary evaluation of all data simultaneously generated an inordinately large number of interim cartographic products for a final cartographic atlas of Mars. The selection of the scales at which Mars would be mapped, the projections to be used, and the way the planet would be divided into quadrangles was based on the resolution of Mariner 9 pictures and upon the resources available over the lifetime of the Mariner Mars 1971 Project.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1973 Proj., Vol. 4; p 609-623
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    Mariner 9 aerographic coordinate system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Preliminary Mariner 9 map products were based on computed aerocentric coordinates at the point where the optic path intercepts a spherical reference figure for Mars. The intercept point on a reference ellipsoid would in general have slightly different values of radius, latitude, and longitude. For near-vertical viewing used for mapping, these differences are on the order of 0.1 in latitude and longitude, which is negligible compared to the uncertainties of the initial uncontrolled mosaics and maps.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 575-585
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    S-band radio occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography of Mars with Mariner 9: Extended mission coverage of polar and intermediate latitudes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Radio occultation measurements from Mariner 9 orbits around Mars show that the radius of Mars changes by only about 2 km from a latitude of 65 deg to the north pole, that the north polar area is about average in elevation, and that polar temperature profiles are indicative of the possibility that the remnant north polar cap may be at least partially composed of water ice. It is also found that Mars, in addition to being asymmetrical equatorially, is also significantly asymmetrical in the north and south direction with the Southern Hemisphere lying 3 to 4 km higher. Temperature gradients in the clear Martian atmosphere of only about one-half of the adiabatic gradients of 5 deg K/km suggest the importance of dynamical processes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 473-494
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  • 98
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    Effect of Mariner 9 normal points on planetary ephemerides (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A set of ephemerides due to Mariner 9 normal points was created and used in conjunction with radar range time delay measurements to improve the range residuals in planetary gravity field measurements. In addition to the ephemeris of Mars, the Mariner 9 spacecraft data have also affected the geocentric ephemeris of Venus, producing changes up to 5 km in range.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 465-470
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    Approximations to the mean surface of Mars and Mars atmosphere using Mariner 9 occultations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: When the Mariner 9 spacecraft passed behind Mars in its orbiting phase, the radio beam was cut off by some physical feature. These occultations occurred during the months of November and December 1971 and again in April and May 1972. The fairly good global spread of these data was used to estimate the shape of the Martian globe, as definable by mathematical shapes (ellipsoidal and spherical harmonic). The refraction profiles allowed the estimation of pressure near the occultation point; these, corrected back to an arbitrary fixed value of pressure, chosen to be 6.1 mb, were used as radii to an isobaric surface. Preliminary results showed a figure displacement from the mass center with a best fit southeast by 2.85 km. There was also an equatorial displacement in the direction of about 100 deg W. Atmospheric approximations for the mass center to 6.1-mb pressure distances were fit to an ellipsoid.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 495-498
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  • 100
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    Time-delay test of general relativity and Earth-Mars ephemeris improvement from analysis of Mariner 9 tracking data (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Because of the large systematic errors that accompany the conversion of spacecraft ranging data to equivalent Earth-Mars time delays, the corresponding determination of gamma does not now allow the predictions of general relativity to be distinguished from those of the Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor theory with the fraction s of scalar field admixture being 0.06. The uncertainty in the determination of (1 plus gamma)/2 at the present stage of the Mariner 9 data analysis is at about the 10% level. The ephemeris of Mars suffers from the same problem: Only with the elimination of a major fraction of the systematic errors affecting the Mariner 9 pseudo observables will a truly substantial improvement be possible in the determination of the orbit.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 453-464
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