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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2,306)
  • 1980-1984  (2,144)
  • 1965-1969  (162)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (787)
  • 1982  (871)
  • 1980  (486)
  • 1968  (162)
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  • 1980-1984  (2,144)
  • 1965-1969  (162)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of wound repair in an insect (Rhodnius prolixus) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 37-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cells surrounding a wound in the integument of Rhodnius adults show an increase in RNA content, cytochrome oxidase and esterase activity. An excision in the integument is filled by blood which coagulates and is tanned into an insoluble membrane. The basement membrane of the adjoining epidermis acts as a self-sealing membrane and contracts to cover the excision. The epidermis is attached to the cuticle by the subcuticular layer which it resorbs and by pore canal filaments which are left behind as it migrates. The epidermis migrates as a sheet in contact with the cuticle then with the coagulated blood and basement membrane which cover the excision. Blood cells migrate individually into an excision and do not adhere to a surface in the process. Microtubules cannot be identified with movement. Both epidermal and blood cells remove the cells killed by wounding as evidenced by the appearance of coated vesicles and phagocytic bodies in both cell types. The reconstituted integument consists of a surface membrane in which the layers of the epicuticle are not distinguishable, a nonlamellate cuticle secreted by an epidermis which also appears to secrete the new basement membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240104
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  • 2
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    Intraneural vascular response to defective development of the chick mesencephalonSupported by grant 5 RO1-HD-01679-02 from the USPHS National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 295-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of intraneural vessels was studied in response to an induced hypermorphosis of neural tissue inthe midbrains of 38 chick embryos ranging in age from three days through 14 days of incubation. The pattern of vascularization was compared with that of normal chick embryos at comparable stages of development. In the experimental embryos, the increase in mitotic figures along the ventricular borders of the mesencephalon is accompanied by the establishment of an endoneural plexus approximately one day earlier than is the case during normal vascularization of the midbrain. This plexus also penetrates more deeply and extensively into the ependymal layer. Surface vessels and intraneural vascular elements are dilated, and the cerebrospinal fluid contains varying amounts of blood released from large intraneural vessels which protrude into the ventricle. The most prominent cerebrovascular effects seem to occur between the fourth and eighth days of incubation. Thereafter, the cerebrovascular pattern becomes more normal except for relatively few isolated hemorrhagic areas.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240304
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  • 3
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    Structure of the eye of Haideotriton wallacei, a North American troglobitic salamander (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The eye of Haideotriton wallacei is more reduced histologically than those of othe troglobitic salamanders. The tiny eye is imbedded in a mass of adipose tissue. No extrinsic eye muscles are present. A rudimentary lens is present in about half of the eyes examined. In two instances the lens is surrounded by a small chamber; most eyes lack a chamber. The retina and iris are relatively undifferentiated. The relatively massive retina lacks rods and cones, an outer plexiform layer and subdivided nuclear layers. A tiny optic nerve runs to the brain.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240307
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  • 4
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    Fine structure of the aesthetasc hairs of Coenobita compressus edwardsThis work was supported by University of California Faculty grant 308 and U.S. Public Health Service grant NB04372. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 361-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aesthetascs, short thin-walled pegs on the antennule flagella of Coenobita clypeatus, a terrestrial hermit crab, are similar to those of other decapod crustacea in containing the dendrites of many bipolar neurons whose cell bodies are grouped in spindle-shaped masses beneath the bases of each hair. The dendrites contain rootlets, basal bodies, and cilia, which divide dichotomously before entering the aesthetasc, so that within the hair, each cilium becomes represented by a group of slender branches.The aesthetascs themselves are short, blunt, and partially recumbent so that each has an exposed and an unexposed side. The cuticle on the exposed side is thinner and more tenuous than that on the protected side, and the dendrite branches are concentrated just underneath. The protected side, on the other hand, is lined with nondendritic supporting cells, and the cuticle is thicker, more lamellar, and probably less permeable.All dendritic elements proximal to the dendrite branches are enclosed within the main body of the antennular flagellum, and the initial segments of the cilia lie within a vacuole. In these respects, the aesthetascs of Coenobita resemble the thin-walled pegs on insect antennae more than they do those of the marine decapods thus far examined. This convergence in the terrestrial forms may be in response to the need to conserve water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240309
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  • 5
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    A light and electron microscopic investigation of the digestive system of the Ophiuroid ophiuroiderma panamensis (Brittle Star)This work was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant NB 03604. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 451-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Brittle Star digestive system is composed of buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal and stomach cavities. The buccal and pharyngeal cavities are lined by columnar cells covered by a cuticle, and are apparently concerned with mucous production. Coelomocytes and tall columnar cells are described in the esophagus and stomach epithelia. The columnar cells are adapted for nutrient absorption, enzyme synthesis, and lipid storage. Nerves are found beneath the epithelia within a connective tissue layer. Smooth muscle and coelomic layers lie external to the connective tissue layer. The coelomic layer lines a perivisceral space and has diverse modifications of its perivisceral surface; a pedicle-cuticle modification perhaps having general significance in echinoderms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    The fine structure of the Limulus optic nerve (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two complete composite photographs of the optic nerve of Limulus, made by electron microscopy, reveal the presence of neurosecretory granules in the large axons of the rudimentary eye neurons. The number of intermediate sized, (3-7 μ), of eccentric cells corresponds with the number of ommatidia as expected, but only their sheath of Schwann cells show an intimate interfolding. Based on the number of fine axons within the nerve each ommatidium has an average of 12-13 retinular cells. The diameter of their fibers is between 0.2 and 3 μ although the majority are between 1 and 1.5 μ. They are aggregated into bundles of six to seven fibers by the sheath cells although some bundles contain only two, others as many as 181 fibers. There is no indication in these studies that retinular cell axons within a bundle are associated with the same, adjacent, or other pattern of ommatidia. The photographs suggest that physiological activity in retinular cell axons might be detected most easily in the smallest bundles because they contain the fewest, but the larger retinular cell axons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250104
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  • 7
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    Anatomical changes in the neuromuscular complex of the proleg of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidiadae) during metamorphosisBased on part of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 105-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lateral and ventral external surfaces of the third and fourth abdominal segments were described and muscle attachments were correlated with surface indentations of the larva. The proleg of this species has a symmetrical planta with a complete circle of crochets. Furthermore, it differs externally from the grasping type of proleg in having a largely membranous coxal region confluent with the body wall, and a relatively large subcoxal lobe.The body wall musculature and innervation of the third and fourth abdominal segments are similar in many respects to those described for other lepidopteran larvae to which they are here compared, but differ from most because of the simpler structure of the prolegs which lack highly developed adductor muscles. Like most muscles innervated by the ventral nerve, the principal plantar retractors of these two segments cease to function in the first day of the pupal stage and have completely degenerated by the forty-fifth hour of pupal life. The ventral nerve retains its four primary branches in the adult, in which many smaller rami can be traced to the cuticle and to the neoblastic body wall muscles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250106
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  • 8
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    Musculature, nervous system and glands of pregenital abdominal segments of the female of Nomia melanderi Ckll. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)Supported by grant 12-14-100-8072(33) from Agriculture Research Service, USDA. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gross anatomy of muscles, the topography of nerve tissues, and the histology of the pregenital abdominal glands of Nomia melanderi Ckll. are reported in detail. The movable and fixed points of muscle attachment were utilized in establishing a system of nomenclature for a typical abdominal segment. Names of nervules correspond to those of the tissues they innervate. The points of attachment of muscles of the fifth abdominal segment are essentially the same in both Nomia and Apis, except for the second tergo-sternal muscle which, in Nomia, has shifted its point of movable attachment to the membranous integument in front of the intersegmental membrane gland where it helps in relasing glandular secretion. The general plan of the nerves in the fifth abdominal segment in Nomia is more diffuse than in Apis, but there is no difficulty in establishing homology between the nervules of the two species. A pair of intersegmental stretch organs was found in abdominal segments 3-6. Glands of the sixth intersegmental membrane possess a reservoir with peripheral pouches both of which are absent in those of the fifth. Both types of glands have neither closing nor opening mechanisms, and neither is innervated. Release of glandular secretion is accomplished by the action of the tergo-sternal muscles.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250206
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  • 9
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    Pineal regeneration in the frog, Rana pipiens, following embryonic extirpationThis investigation was supported by N.I.H. Predoctoral Fellowship GM-32771-01. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This report describes the capacity of larvae of the Leopard frog, Rana pipiens, to regenerate pineal tissue after embryonic pinealectomy, and presents experimental evidence for frontal organ dependence on the epiphysis. In addition, it was found that the “brow spot,” a pigment-free region located in the epidermis betweeen the eyes, is dependent on the frontal organ for its formation. This report also substantiates that the absence of the pineal organ in larval animals does not affect growth or development through metamorphosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250208
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  • 10
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    The structure of the antennae of the Florida Queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus berenice (Cramer) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 315-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interest in the structure of the antennae of the Florida Queen butterfly arises from the finding that a pheromone is active in their courtship. Light and electron microscopic techniques were used to study the sensilla on the antennae and three types of sensilla with perforated walls were identified. The most common of these are short, thin-walled pegs which are distributed over most of the antennal surface. Long, curved, thin-walled pegs occur in patches on the inner medial antennal surface. Multiple coeloconic sensilla are present having up to 50 pegs in one sensillum. On the outer 28 flagellar subsegments there are two such sensilla per subsegment. In addition there are on the antennae long, thick-walled hairs which are mechanoreceptors and probably also contact chemoreceptors. Sunken pegs, the function of which is not known, occur on the antennae. Grooved sensilla were found with the electron microscope but could not be identified with the light microscope. There was no indication of sexual dimorphism in sensilla types or numbers on the antennae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250305
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  • 11
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    Oxidative enzyme histochemistry of the chick esophagus and proventriculusSupported by USPHS grant AM-05429, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 403-417 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Succinic dehydrogenase, NAD and NADP diaphorases, choline oxidase, d-amino acid oxidase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase and aldolase were identified histochemically in the esophagus and proventriculus of the developing chick embryo. In general, the deep glands of the proventriculus reacted more strongly than the epithelium and mucous glands of the esophagus to the tests. The intensity of the enzymatic activity seems correlated with the number of mitochondria and metabolic activity of the cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250403
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  • 12
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260101
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  • 13
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    Sense organs on the antennal flagellum of a giant cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa, and a comparison with those of several other species (Dictyoptera, Blattaria)Supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation GB-7310. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two kinds of tactile hairs, plain and wavy, thick-walled chemoreceptors and two types of thin-walled chemoreceptors are present on the antennal flagellum of Gromphadorhina portentosa males. These are described and their location on the antenna noted. Females of this species have plain tactile hairs and the same types of chemoreceptors as do the males but wavy tactile hairs are absent. The antennal sense organs of a few specimens of five other species of cockroaches  -  Periplaneta americana, Blatta orientalis, Supella longipalpa, Pycnoscelus surinamensis and Diploptera punctata  -  were also examined. All lacked tactile hairs but were provided with thick-walled chemoreceptors and with two types of thin-walled chemoreceptors similar to those described for Gromphadorhina portentosa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260103
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  • 14
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    Studies on hydroid differentiation. III. The replacement of hypostomal gland cells of Podocoryne carneaSupported by grants from the U. S. Public Health Service (GM 13708) and from the National Science Foundation (GB 5021). (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine has permitted the identification of a progenitor cell compartment at the base of the hypostomal glandular ridges of the marine hydroid Podocoryne carnea. This progenitor compartment produces cells which move out on the ridges differentiate as digestive gland cells, and are ejected into the gastro-vascular cavity. Spherous gland cells of the body appear not to be part of this circumscribed replacement system. There appears to be no proximal movement of gastrodermal cells in the body of this marine hydroid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260106
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  • 15
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    A Comparative anatomical study of the mammalian uterotubal junctionScientific paper 3052; Project 1956 College of Agriculture Research Center. This investigation was supported in part by research grants HD-00585-03, HD-00745, and symposium contract PH-43-67-672 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U.S.P.H.S., and Lillian Banta Research Fund. Thanks are due to the University of Washington Primate Information Center for providing a list of references and to Drs. R. M. Brenner, O. Smith, and F. Young for providing specimens of monkeys. Several helpful suggestions and criticisms have been made by Drs. R. J. Blandau and R. J. Blandau and R. E. Click. Thanks are also due to Mr. Steve Allured for preparing some of the drawings and to Mr. J. A. Lineweaver for the microphotography. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 159-184 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Among eight species of mammals in this study (cattle, sheep, pig-tail and rhesus monkeys, rabbit, pig, rat, and dog) four basic patterns of anatomical structure at the uterotubal junction are described. The classification of types is based upon the presence or absence of an intramural portion of the oviduct and of isthmal folds or plicae projecting into the lumen of the uterine cornu.Histological variations are reported for three tissues: epithelial and connective of the mucosa and smooth muscle of the tunica muscularis. In the epithelium during the estrous cycle the differences recorded include: (a) absence of ciliated cells in the distal end of the oviduct in rat and dog; (b) variations in ciliated and nonciliated cells in (1) cell height, (2) location, shape and stainability of the nucleus, and (3) in amount and stainability of apical cytoplasm; (c) presence of lymphoblast-like cells which appear to migrate through the epithelium from the lamina propria. The connective tissue of the mucosa, as a circular layer and as cores for the mucosal folds, shows variations in thickness and in relative density of cells and fibers of the matrix. Emphasis is given to the presence of an inner longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the tunica muscularis of the distal oviduct in six of the eight species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250204
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  • 16
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    The fine structure of the colleterial glands of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 259-279 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of cells in the colleterial glands of the Cecropia silkmoth was examined. Morphologically and functionally the gland is divided into two regions, a tubular one in which columnar protein-synthesizing cells are located, and an expanded region in which flattened cells with very different structure are most prominent. The fine structure of the latter cells which are presumed to secrete a phenolic glucoside, closely resembles that of cells described in the colleterial glands of orthopterans. The protein-secreting cells have many features normally associated with pancreatic acinar, and other cells of similar function. Among these are extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, an elaborate Golgi complex, and a modest number of mitochondria. Other features which are less usual in cells of this type are an elaborate secretory apparatus consisting of a cuticular tubule inserted into a microvilli-lined cavity at the apical end of the cell, and large numbers of cytolysomes, myelin figures, and lipid droplets. A chitogenous cell with a very distinct and specific type of ultrastructure is found associated with the secretory cell. This cell type is attached to the cuticular elements of the gland, and the main features of its cytoplasm are extensive bundles of microtubules which presumably serve as supportive elements for the secretory cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250302
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  • 17
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    Embryonic development of the heart. I. A light and electron microscopic study of myocardial development in the early chick embryo (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 329-365 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Embryonic chick myocardium (stages 8+ to 12-) was studied by light and electron microscopy. The myocardium, which is initially comprised of radially oriented cells with large intercellular spaces gradually becomes more tightly packed. Intercellular spaces decrease and the cells assume a circumferential orientation. Myocardial cells remain epithelial throughout formation of the functional tubular heart and specialized epithelial junctions (apical junctional complex or terminal bars) undergo modification to form intercalated discs. Embryonic myocardial cells contain large amounts of free ribosomes and particulate glycogen, the latter often associated with portions of granular reticulum. Unlike developing skeletal muscle. The amount of granular reticulum contained in the myocardial cell cytoplasm is large and, along with a hypertrophied Golgi apparatus, suggests that these cells may have a secretory function. These organelles persist during the initial period of fibril formation. Myofibrils apparently form from non filamentous precursor material and not by alignment of sequentially synthesized components.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250306
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  • 18
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    Histological changes in the epidermis of the subdigital lamellae of Anolis carolinensis during the shedding cycle (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 379-401 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The characteristic anoline climbing organ consists of a number of lamellar scales, on whose outer scale surface are numerous keratinized setae which contact the substrate. These setae are derived from the Oberhautchen of the epidermal generation, and as such are renewed and shed periodically along with the rest of the epidermal material. The histological development of the setae is described, and modifications of the surrounding elements are noted. The relative lengths of the setae and their congregation to form a pad unit poses certain mechanical problems during morphogenesis, simply in terms of accommodation between the functional outer epidermal generation and dermal core of each lamella. Regression of the dermal core and a distal migration of some cells permits accommodation within the lamella for the distal aspect of the Oberhautchen layer, or free margin. Additionally, changes in the gross shape of the lamella occur throughout the sloughing cycle, and a swelling of the cells of the lacunar tissue results in a gap between the stratum corneum of inner and outer epidermal generations. There is a considerable amount of variation in mitotic activity between the germinal layers of opposite sides of the lamella.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051250402
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  • 19
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    Excretion and ultrastructure of the antennal gland of the fiddler crab Uca mordaxThis work was supported by grant AMO 9975-01 of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 473-495 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Function and ultrastructure of the excretory organs (antennal glands) of the shore crab Uca mordax were investigated. The crabs were maintained at three different salinities: 50%, 100% and 200% seawater. In spite of previous reports to the contrary, the investigation showed that the powerful osmoregulatory ability found in Uca mordax is not due to participation of the antennal glands. Freezing point depression of urine under all conditions was found to be slightly less than that of the hemolymph, indicating a slightly hypoosmotic urine. It was further found that the antennal gland is extremely effective in resorbing sodium from the filtrate. The higher the salinity to which the crabs were acclimated the lower the sodium concentration in the urine. No water was resorbed from the filtrate as shown by the fact that the inulin U/P ratio remained unity regardless of the salinity to which the crabs were adapted. Electronmicroscopy of the antennal glands revealed that the coelomosac cells are similar to the podocytes described in the crayfish by Kümmel ('64), and the coelomosac appears to be a typical filtration organ. The cells of the labyrinth showed brush border and very elaborate basal infoldings with numerous mitochondria. The deep cytoplasmic infoldings which represent interdigitations with neighboring cells may be correlated with the effective sodium reabsorption in the labyrinth, but apparently not with water movement.
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    An electron microscope study of nebenkern formation and differentiation in spermatids of Murgantia histrionica (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 31-65 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitochondria in early spermatids of many insects aggregate and form a round body, the nebenkern. The nebenkern undergoes a structural differentiation and then divides into two separate equal-sized bodies. In the present study, nebenkerns of Murgantia histrionica, a Hemipteran insect, were reconstructed using electron micrographs of serial sections to determine how the mitochondria transform into the two separate bodies.Newly formed nebenkerns are made of one piece, an anastomosis of rod-like segments. Some segments interconnect to join networks of rings. Each network interlocks with another similar network, but networks which interlock are connected with each other by other segments of the nebenkern. Later, the entire nebenkern is made of two unconnected and interlocked networks of rings. The nebenkern appears to remain bipartite during subsequent differentiation. Since the two pieces are interlocked, breaks must occur before the pieces can separate. As breaks occur, each network transforms into a set of curved sheets, producing a nebenkern made of four concentric layers. The three outer layers are each made of two curved sheets which surround a bipartite central core. The surface sheets meet at a furrow in the surface of the nebenkern; segments in each layer are roughly symmetrical with each other about the plane in which the furrow lies. Rod-like segments join alternate segments. The number of layers then decreases to three, and later, to two. These nebenkerns resemble four-layered nebenkerns, but fewer connections between alternate segments are present. The two pieces constituting the nebenkern probably separate after most of the latter connections disappear. Hypotheses to account for the observed changes in nebenkern structure are presented.
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260201
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260301
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240101
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    Visceral anatomy of the amphisbaenia (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 99-133 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of the visceral anatomy of 41 specimens of amphisbaenians representing 13 genera shows that they share a very distinct structure which differs from that found in either snakes or typical lizards. The left lung is large while the right is rudimentary or absent (unique); the kidneys are freely suspended in the coelom by a mesentery (unique); the spleen is usually embedded in the anterior end of the pancreas (as in snakes); the gall bladder lies in a notch in the liver, and the kidneys lie opposite each other (as in lizards). The distinctness of this pattern supports the recognition of the Amphisbaenia as a separate suborder of the Squamata.
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    Cytodifferentiation and vitellogenesis during oogenesis in arachnida: Cytological studies on developing oocytes of a harvestman (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 175-190 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscope studies were made on harvestman oocytes during the course of their origin, differentiation, and vitellogenesis. The germ cells appear to originate from the ovarian epithelium. They subsequently migrate to the outer surface of the epithelium, where they remain attached often by means of stalk cells which suspend them in the hemocoel during oogenesis. The “Balbiani bodies,” “yolk nuclei,” or “nuage” constitute a prominent feature of young, previtellogenic oocytes, and take the form of large, but variable sizes of electron-dense cytoplasmic aggregates with small fibrogranular components. The cytoplasmic aggregates fragment and disperse, and cannot be detected in vitellogenic oocytes. The young oocytes become surrounded by a vitelline envelope that appears to represent a secretory product of the oocyte. The previtellogenic oocytes are impermeable to horseradish peroxidase under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In addition to mitochondria, dictyosomes, and abundant ribosomes, the ooplasm of the previtellogenic oocyte acquires both vesicular and lamellar forms of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In many areas, a dense homogeneous product appears within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and represents nascent yolk protein synthesized by the oocyte during early stages of vitellogenesis. Later in vitellogenesis, the oocyte becomes permeable to horseradish peroxidase under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. This change is associated with a massive process of micropinocytosis which is reflected in the presence of large numbers of vesicles of variable form and structure in the cortical ooplasm. Both spherical and tubular vesicles are present, as are coated and uncoated vesicles. Stages in the fusion of the vesicles with each other and with developing yolk platelets are illustrated. In the harvester oocytes, vitellogenesis is a process that involves both autosynthetic and heterosynthetic mechanisms.
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    Ultrastructural study on cocoon formation in the freshwater oligochaete, Tubifex hattai (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 25-38 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The clitellar epithelium of the freshwater oligochaete, Tubifex hattai, is composed of four types of gland cells (Type I, II, III, and IV), in addition to the cells generally found in the epidermis of this worm. The possible function of these gland cells in cocoon formation was studied with the electron microscope.Type I cells discharge their secretory granules by means of compound exocytosis and provide the materials for the future cocoon membrane. Immediately after completion of the discharge from Type I cells, Type II and III cells simultaneously discharge their secretory granules by means of compound exocytosis. The secretions from Type II cells constitute a colloid in the cocoon lumen and probably cause structural modifications in the future cocoon membrane. The secretory products from Type III cells form the cocoon plug. Although the process of discharge of secretory granules from Type IV cells was not observed, the contribution of these cells to the cocoon formation, producing hoops on the outer surface of the future cocoon membrane and fixing its anterior ends on the clitellum, is inferred from a morphological comparison of the hoop and the structure of the secretory granules.
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    The distribution of monoamine oxidase and biogenic monoamines in the central nervous system of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 69-81 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and activity patterns of monoamine oxidase and monoaminergic (formaldehyde-induced) fluorescence in the central nervous system of web-building and hunting spiders have been studied using histochemical methods. Enzyme activity occurred in the neuronal perikarya and in varying intensity in the structures of the neuropile mass, but only when dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline were used as substrates. The optic centres of the spider brain normally exhibited relatively strong enzyme reactions when compared with the staining intensity of the rest of the nervous system.The neuronal cell bodies contained numerous granules of yellow-green fluorescence. Monoaminergic fluorescence of the neuropile was generally a weak green. The optic mases of the hunting spiders, the anterior bridge, several commissures of the ventral cord, and the neural lamellae showed a slightly higher fluorescence intensity and single fluorescing granules.The results obtained indicate the presence of catecholamines in the spider nervous system.
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    Formation of the pits with taste buds at the lingual root in the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 107-119 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The tongue of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, shows a V-shaped row of pits on its posterior dorsum. Their development is described on the basis of macroscopic and light microscopic observations on fetal, young, and adult stages. Four to eight pits occur, most often five in the adult. Anlagen of the pits first protrude as round epithelial thickenings which later increase in diameter and become thin. The circular primordia then sink, and grooves oriented both circularly and radially develop in the walls of the shallow pits thus formed. Pits and grooves deepen with development so that older pits become lined with conical projections. As pits grow further, they become elongated anterolaterally, retaining slit-like openings. Each pit in the adult is 2-8 mm long and about 1 mm wide. The pits are not derived from lingual gland ducts but develop independently. Taste buds resembling those of other mammalian tongues can be found in young dolphins but are few in number and limited to the thin epithelium of the pit projections and to that of the side wall of the pits. They first appear in the late prenatal period but degenerate in the adult. A rich nerve supply is observable in the lamina propria below taste buds in the calf. The pits and their projections in the dolphin correspond to the vallate papillae of other mammals, but whether each projection or a whole pit corresponds to a single vallate papilla is undecided.
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    Fine structure and distribution of epidermal projections associated with taste buds on the oral papillae in some loricariid catfishes (Siluroidei: Loricariidae) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 139-159 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two morphologically distinct structures occur on the surfaces of the oral papillae in several loricariid catfish species; namely, (1) typical vertebrate taste buds composed of receptor and sustentacular cells and (2) brushlike projections, termed epidermal brushes, that represent specialized epidermal cells containing keratin. Both of these structures were studied with the combined use of light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The general body surface, fins, and rostral cutaneous processes of some loricariid catfishes are covered with taste or terminal buds but lack the epidermal brushes. It is suggested that the epidermal brushes found on the oral papillae serve as protective devices for the taste buds and as abrasive surfaces for substrate scraping during feeding. The taste buds on the oral papillae may detect any gustatory stimuli from the resulting substrate disturbance. Comparative studies reveal many differences in the number and spatial arrangement of these two structures on the oral papillae among the several species of the Loricariidae examined. These differences may represent functional adaptations to the various modes of life in the Loricariidae.
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    Identification of the Y-organ in the larval stages of the crab, Cancer anthonyi Rathbun (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 83-88 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Y-organ has been histologically identified in all six larval stages of the crab, Cancer anthonyi. The paired glands are located anterior to the branchial chamber and ventral to the base of the antennules. In the first zoeal stage the gland consists of a cord of 6 to 10 epidermal cells with dark staining nuclei, sparse cytoplasm, and indistinct cell boundaries. As development progresses the glands become more complex through extensive folding and intertwining of the cellular cords. The glands in all larval stages show cyclical activity which corresponds to the molt cycle. Immediately following a molt the gland is dense and compact with little cytoplasm. At approximately day four in the molt cycle, the glands become greatly hyperthropied due to an increase in the number and size of the cytoplasmic vacuoles. These histological changes suggests a cyclical production and presumably the release of some product most likely ecdysone.
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    The morphology of a harpacticoid copepod gut: A review and synthesis (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 89-105 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The digestive tract of a harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus californicus (Baker), was studied by using techniques of light and electron microscopy. Four cell types could be distinguished: type 1, an embryonic cell which will replace cells worn away or lost during secretion; type 2, a cell which synthesizes and secretes proteins and also plays a role in lipid absorption; and types 3 and 4, two cell types which absorb lipids. From the abundance of each cell type, the length of microvilli, the development of basal plasma membrane (PM), and luminal projections, the following conclusions were made. (1) The midgut caecum absorbs digested nutrients. (2) The anterior midgut absorbs nutrients and more importantly functions in merocrine and exocrine secretion. The presence of concretions in cell types 2 and 3 in the anterior midgut suggests that these tissues contribute in excretion, and in water and/or ion regulation. (3) The posterior midgut absorbs nutrients and contributes some holocrine secretion.
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    Sense organs on the antennal flagellum of the human louse, Pediculus humanus (Anoplura) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tactile hairs are present on all three subsegments of the antennal flagellum of the human louse. There is, in addition, a single chemoreceptor (tuft organ) on subsegment 2 and 12 or 13 chemoreceptors (one tuft organ, two pore organs and nine or ten pegs) on subsegment 3. The cuticle surrounding the bases of the pegs at the tip of the antenna is unusual in that parts of it are perforated by many fine pores. This cuticle is underlain by a thin layer of dendrites. This region may also have a chemoreceptor function.
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    An electron microscopic study of hemoglobin synthesis in the marine annelid, Amphitrite ornata (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 121-138 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The heart-body of the marine worm Amphitrite, located within the supraesophageal dorsal vessel, is in the form of a cylinder the thin wall of which is deeply corrugated by luminal projections and folds along its entire length. It is anchored in places to the luminal surface of the dorsal vessel by an extracellular matrix containing collagen fibers. The luminal surfaces of both the heart-body and the dorsal vessel are covered by a basement membrane-like vascular lamina which in turn supports a discontinuous pseudoendothelium of littoral hemocytes.The cells of the heart-body constitute a pseudostratified, high columnar epithelium. They possess extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a well developed Golgi zone, ferritin particles and granules, and several types of membrane-bound inclusions. Hemoglobin molecules identical to those in the circulation lie within cytoplasmic, membrane-bound vesicles. Analysis of our electron micrographs suggests the following sequence of hemoglobin production and secretion: Large quantities of a moderately dense flocculent material, probably globin, are synthesized in RER and move to the Golgi zone within partly rough- and partly smooth-surfaced transitional cisternae; small transport vesicles, formed from Golgi cisternae that have fused with transitional cisternae, convey the flocculent material from the convex to the concave face of the Golgi complex; a similar flocculent material and an amorphous, highly dense material are processed in the Golgi complex and are transferred to condensing vacuoles in which clearly identifiable hemoglobin molecules are first observed. Mature secretory vesicles containing only hemoglobin migrate to the cell periphery and discharge their contents by exocytosis. Hemoglobin molecules then cross the vascular lamina to reach the circulation.
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    The auditory region of dermoptera: Morphology and function relative to other living mammals (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 167-211 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dermopteran basicranium combines a primitively constructed and oriented auditory bulla formed by ectotympanic, rostral entotympanic, and tubal cartilage with derived features of the middle ear transformer and internal carotid circulation. Living dermopterans possess a primitive eutherian auditory region that has been structurally modified to perceive a lower frequency sound spectrum than probably was utilized by ancestral Mesozoic therians. Perception of the low to midfrequency range is enhanced in Dermoptera by reducing stiffness in the mechanical transformer while maintaining low mass of the component parts. Stiffness has been reduced by (1) development of an epitympanic sinus about four times the volume of the middle ear cavity proper, (2) detachment of the anterior process of the malleus from the ectotympanic, and (3) by delicate suspension of the ear ossicles within the middle ear.We apply to dermopterans a measure of hearing efficiency derived from recent functional studies of the mammalian middle ear that regards the middle ear mechanism as an impedance matching transformer. Calculation of the impedance transformer ratio for Dermoptera suggests that these mammals are relatively efficient in comparison to other eutherians in their ability to match the impedance of cochlear fluids to that of air at the eardrum. Dermopterans theoretically are capable of using over 90% of incident sound energy striking the eardrum at the resonant or natural frequency. Mechanical impedance of the middle ear transformer exerts a minimal influence on hearing efficiency due to low mass, little stiffness, and little frictional resistance.Analysis of measurements of the middle ear transformer published by Gerald Fleischer and integration of these data with current theory on the peripheral hearing mechanism in mammals allow us to propose a model that describes the structural and functional evolution of the mammalian middle ear transformer. Structural changes appear to be correlated with alteration in function from primitive small mammals with stiff middle ear transformers and high frequency dominated hearing to mammals with a wider range in body size with more mobile middle ear transformers and a greater range of frequency perception, often including improved sensitivity to lower frequencies.Mammals employ different anatomical strategies in attainment of increased hearing efficiency and sensitivity. Efficiency is improved by adjustment of lever and areal ratios of the middle ear transformer to achieve an optimum impedance match of external air and cochlear fluids. Sensitivity over a broad frequency spectrum is attained by minimizing mass, stiffness, and frictional resistance of the transformer. The morphology of the auditory region of both living and fossil mammals seems explicable in terms of selection pressure directed toward these ends.
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    Announcement (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 311-311 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051640307
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    Gross structure and function of the quadriceps femoris in Lemur fulvus: An analysis based on telemetered ElectromyographyForce plate data on a wide variety of nonhuman primates (Kimura et al., '79) indicate that, in comparison to other mammalian quadrupeds (e.g., cats), virtually all primates are somewhat hindlimb dominated; i.e., the vertical and propelling peak component of force is consistently larger in the hindlimb than in the forelimb. The forelimbs of those species examined tend to act primarily to brake the body. (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 164 (1980), S. 287-299 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Analysis based on telemetered electromyography from the quadriceps femoris of Lemur fulvus, a Malagasy prosimian, during walking, galloping, leaping, and a variety of postural behaviors partially confirms and partially contradicts earlier hypothesized functions of this musculoskeletal complex. As predicted on the basis of morphological criteria (large physiological cross-section and long parallel fibers), the vastus lateralis is of special functional significance in leaping. This relatively large muscle consistently initiates the leap and frequently undergoes a very long period of force enhancement via active stretch. By contrast, the vastus intermedius fails to exhibit increased electrical activity and undergoes little or no active stretch during jumps. The myological details of vastus intermedius (short fibers, no fusion with other components), therefore, cannot be accounted for as adaptations to leaping. Rather, a primary postural role is indicated for the vastus intermedius, because in normal resting postures, with the knee quite flexed, it alone is continuously active. The existence of a fibrocartilaginous superior patella in the tendon of vastus intermedius, however, is most plausibly related to the complex tensile and compressive stresses generated in the tendon during the completely hyperflexed phase of leaping.The phasic patterning of the quadriceps femoris of Lemur fulvus does not point to any special role of the vastus lateralis or vastus intermedius during walking and galloping; it does indicate very different patterns of muscle recruitment in comparison to those in nonprimate mammals and some anthropoid primates. The forward cross walk (diagonal sequence, diagonal couplets) of primates versus the backward cross gait (lateral sequence) of most other mammals probably accounts for some of these differences. Lemur fulvus lacks the degree of elastic storage and release of kinetic energy in the quadriceps femoris that characterizes the gallop of dogs, cats, and Erythrocebus patas.
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    Time-lapse cinemicrographic studies of cell motility during morphogenesis of the embryonic yolk sac of Fundulus heteroclitus (Pisces: Teleosti) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 13-29 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The active motility of the cells of the yolk sac of the living Fundulus embryo was studied by time-lapse cinemicrography with phase contrast optics. In the teleost, the yolk sac lies peripheral to the body of the embryo proper and consists of a fluid-filled space bounded above by a superficial epithelium, the enveloping layer (EVL), and below by the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). The cell types treated in the present study are the enveloping layer epithelial cell, the stellate cell which lies in a layer flattened on the inner surface of the EVL, the epithelioid deep cell, the yolk sac amoebocyte, the yolk sac endothelial cell and the yolk sac melanoblast. The most actively motile cells examined in the present study are the yolk sac amebocyte and the melanoblast, which emigrates from the embryo proper at stages 19-21. The amoebocytes are compact rounded cells that move very rapidly by the extension of lamellipods with scalloped margins. The amoebocytes wander over the yolk sac in an apparently undirected fashion and invade the embryo proper when they happen to encounter it, moving between cells of the lateral mesoderm. The melanoblasts migrate by the gradual extension of elongated branching processes. Cells are sometimes monopodial, with movement being parallel to the long axis of the cell. Alternatively, movement may be perpendicular to the predominant long axis, with processes being extended alternatively from opposite ends of the cell obliquely forward, so the path described is a zig-zag to either side of the overall direction of movement. Although the melanoblasts show irregularity in their movement, the predominant direction of initial movement is away from the embryo proper. The major yolk sac blood vessels form in situ by the collective activities of presumptive endothelial cells that enclose volumes of the yolk sac space with sheet-like processes from the cell body and from the extensions that connect cells into networks.
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051650201
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    Morphometrics of the skeleton of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Part I. The vertebrae, with comparisons to other species (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 117-130 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Morphometric analysis of vertebral structure in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) is presented. Ontogenetic variation in Dermophis mexicanus is analyzed through the 100+ vertebrae composing the column. Vertebral structure in adult D. mexicanus is compared with that in Ichthyophis glutinosus and Typhlonectes compressicauda. Centra of the atlas, second, tenth, 20th, and 50th vertebrae grow at allometrically different rates in D. mexicanus, though the 20th and 50th are not significantly different, Growth appears significantly slower in several dimensions of anterior and posterior vertebrae relative to midtrunk vertebrae in all three species. Mensural patterns throughout the entire column are similar in the terrestrial burrowers D. mexicanus and I. glutinosus; patterns in the aquatic T. compressicauda differ substantially from those of the burrowing species and are strongly influenced by allometry. Of the 112 D. mexicanus examined, 13.4% had vertebral anomalies, usually fusions.
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    Comparative studies on the statoblasts of higher phylactolaemate bryozoans (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 131-155 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Statoblasts of five higher phylactolaemates were compared morphologically. As a result, they were divided into two groups: Group I comprising Lophopus crystallinus, Lophopodella carteri, and Pectinatella gelatinosa, and Group II comprising Pectinatella magnifica and Cristatella mucedo. These two groups are thought to represent independent evolutionary series. In Group I and in P. magnifica, the statoblasts are curved to varying degrees after the manner of a saddle. When the dorsal and ventral valves are flattened, therefore, the contour is different between the two. In Group I, the outermost layer of a mature statoblast is hard-gelatinous and basophilic; it remains intact after the statoblast is set free. The statoblast does not float until it is dry, and the float is similar in size on both valves. In Group II, a mature statoblast is covered by a softgelatinous basophilic layer, which decays after the statoblast is released. The statoblast floats without drying, and the float is better developed on the dorsal valve than on the ventral. Moreover, in the members of Group II, large yolk granules are first formed, followed by much smaller yolk granules. When their statoblasts are treated with KOH, the shell is separated completely into two valves. These characters are common to many lower phylactolaemates. By contrast, in L. carteri and P. gelatinosa, the yolk granules are uniformly small and the capsule proper resists KOH treatment. On these points, L. crystallinus is somewhat different from these two species, suggesting its primitive nature.
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    Fetal tooth development and adult replacement in Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Fields versus clones (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 166 (1980), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Teeth of fetuses of a caecilian, Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), show ontogenetic variation in crown structure from small, multidenticulate, and non-pedicellate to larger, spoon-shaped, pedicellate teeth with a single apical spike. Number of denticles decreases as enamel-secreting cells mature. Numbers of teeth and of tooth rows increase ontogenetically. A fetal vomeropalatine set of teeth is present in D. mexicanus but absent in species previously examined. Teeth transitional to the adult shape and arrangement appear shortly before birth. The transition is correlated with birth, not fetal size. There is relatively little increase in numbers of teeth during the juvenile period. The pattern of development does not fully agree with either morphogenetic field theory or with clone theory, both as defined by Osborn ('78). Sequence of initiation is appropriate to either. Tooth shape changes agree with aspects of clone theory. Multiple rows of fetal teeth and the transition to adult follow field theory. Clone theory holds that patterns of development and shape are self-regulated, field theory that they are controlled extrinsically. I suggest that substances regulating differentiation mediate early development, and hormones later development, including inception of adult teeth, and are comparable to “field substances” influencing primordia that originate according to clone theory. Components of both theories are appropriate to analyzing tooth development phenomena.
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 166 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051660301
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    Masthead (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 171 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051710301
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    Electron microscopy of the leucocytes of the typhlosole in ammocoetes, with special attention to the antibody- producing cells (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 87-100 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an attempt to determine the role in the immune responses of the typhlosole, a hematopoietic tissue along the ventral wall of the larval lamprey Lampetra reissneri, scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on ammocoetes hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells. Besides including the cells of the erythrocyte series, this tissue also contained the following leucocytes forming an amorphous parenchyma: the cells of the granulocyte series, the most predominant cell type, possessing a markedly lobed nucleus and membrane-bounded granules of various sizes; the macrophages possessing primary and secondary lysosomes and long lamellipodia on the cell surface; the lymphocytes of a large nucleocytoplasmic ratio with a number of long, spiky microvilli, constituting a major type of rosette-forming (antigen-binding) cells; and the plasma cells possessing highly extended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticula that are characteristic of the higher vertebrates. The immunoperoxidase technique, which employs rabbit antibodies against lamprey immunoglobulin, proved that these plasma cells do contain immunoglobulin. These results strongly indicate that the typhlosole of the larval lamprey, besides functioning as a hematopoietic tissue, is actively involved in the antibody responses. It is also stressed that the plasma cell occurs in the most primitive vertebrates as an immunologically competent cell.
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    Limb regenerative capacity of four species of Japanese frogs of the families hylidae and ranidae (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 129-135 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The regenerative capacity of limbs was investigated by amputation of limbs at the zeugopodium in postmetamorphic froglets and adults of various sizes in four species of Japanese frogs, all of which showed some regeneration at these ages. In Hyla arborea japonica and Rana brevipoda porosa most young froglets regenerated their limbs well; however, the rate of regeneration decreased with the age of amputation, and the limb became nonregenerative in adults. Limbs of adults in Rana rugosa and R. japonica, on the other hand, exhibited good regeneration. All of the regenerates in the four species were heteromorphic, consisting histologically of well-developed cartilaginous rods surronded by connective tissue and skin. Limited development of muscle was appartment in regenerates of the three ranid species. The relations between body size, innervation of limbs, and regenerative capacity are discussed.
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    Functional morphology of the head of the inertial suction feeding butterflyfish, Chaetodon miliaris (perciformes, chaetodontidae) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 283-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure and mechanism involved in jaw movements are described for an inertial high-speed suction feeding fish, Chaetodon miliaris. Jaw biomechanics were studied by (1) manipulation of live and fresh-killed specimens, (2) electrical muscle stimulation of anesthetized live specimens, (3) connective tissue severance experiments of fresh-killed and live anesthetized specimens, and (4) cine photography of live unimpaired and surgically impaired specimens.Three couplings appear to be involved in jaw opening: a levator operculi-opercular-interopercular-mandible coupling; and epaxial complex and/or hypaxial/sternohyoideus complex-hyoid apparatus-uncontracted protractor hyoideus-mandible coupling. Jaw opening, protrusion, closing of the protruded mouth, and jaw retraction occur in 60-110 msec. Jaw protrusion coincides with mandible depression during opening of the mouth. Closure of the protruded mouth is apparently the result of contractions of pars A1 and A2 of the adductor mandibulae muscle. Pars A3 and Aw may induce retraction of the jaws in the closed-protruded state. Jaw closure in the retracted, nonprotruded state may involve all branches of the adductor mandibulae.The importance of these findings is discussed in light of previous studies as are some proposed functions of jaw protrusion in this species.
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    Arterial retia related to supply of the central nervous system in two small toothed whales- narwhal (Monodon monoceros) an beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 41-56 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the comparative anatomy of arterial plexuses (retia mirabilia) related to supply of the central nervous system in two closely related species of toothed whales - narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and beluga Delphinaterus leucas). In both species, retia originate from major vessels in the neck, thorax, and lumbar regions, then extend into the neural canal and cranium to supply the spinal cord and brain. The system generally consists of arteries embedded in á matrix of fatty connective tissue. Constituent vessels are only occasionally reated to veins or venous sinuses. Though retial anatomy is similar in the two species, there are two related features that appear species specific: (1) amount of retia originating from the supreme intercostal arteries and (2) thoracic retial size. Both are larger in the narwhal, as are values for hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, which, in this study, we use as indices of diving ability. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the retia are in some way linked to diving ability. The nature of this link is not known; however, we discuss our results in the context of the most popular hyotheses of retial function.
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    Transformations of osteoclast phenotype in ia rats cured of congenital osteopetrosis (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 141-147 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The reduced bone resorption characteristic of osteopetrosis is accompanied in the incisors-absent (ia) rat mutation by a significant increase in osteoclasts of inactive (mutant) phenotype. Restoration of bone resorption in ia rats by transfer of spleen cells from normal littermates is preceded by a transformation of osteoclasts from mutant to normal phenotype.In this investigation the proportions of osteoclasts of normal phenotype have been determined by light microscopy in untreated ia and normal rats and in ia rats treated with various cell populations from normal rats. Significant increases in numbers of osteoclasts of normal phenotype were seen in the mutant skeleton soon after cell treatments that eventually restored bone resorption and cured the disease. No changes in osteoclast phenotype were seen after cell transfers that did not cure the disease.These data establish transformation of osteoclast phenotype as an early event in the recovery from osteopetrosis and suggest that determination of osteoclast phenotype is a reliable predictor of the success of normal cell populations to restore bone resorption in this mutation.
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    Cytological characterization of the germinal line during testicular differentiation in the lizard Liolaemus gravenhorsti (gray) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 169-184 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gross morphology, histology, and ultrastructure of Liolaemus gravenhorsti gonads prior to and after differntiation are described. Special emphasis has been given to characterization and changes of the germ cell line throughout intrauterine development and 3 days postpartum.During the pregonadal stage, the primordial germ cell migrates toward gonadal rudiments by way of the mesenchyme. These cells can easily be identified by their great size, voluminous and lobulated nucleus, great quantities of yolk platelets, microtubules, and numerous lipid inclusions. In the undifferentiated gonad, the germ cells (type 1 gonocytes) have an ovoid or spherical shape and autodigestion of yolk platelets, great development of Golgi complex, and mitochondrial aggregation, though fewer liposomes, pseudopodes, and microtubules were noted. Concomitantly with the beginning of mitosis, a third type of germ cell appears, the type 2 gonocytes, which are smaller, with poorly defined membranous systems in various degrees of involution. The seminiferous cords are organized when somatic cells of the medullar portion of the gonad surround type 1 gonocytes. Germinal cells are centrally localized in the cords. Near birth many gonocytes migrate toward the basal lamina of cords and differentiate into spherical prespermatogonia, with few organoids. Sertoli cells eparate them from the basal lamina. In advanced pregnancy, Leyding cells become numerous with morphology typical of androgen-producing cells.
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    A forebrain atlas and stereotaxic technique for the lizard, Anolis carolinensis (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 217-236 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A forebrain atlas and stereotaxic neurosurgical techniques were developed for use in anatomical and behavioral experiments on the green anolis lizard (Anolis carolinensis). Green anoles are convenient and robust experimental subjects with a rich behavioral repertoire, the social components of which are partly under hormonal control.The technique and atlas were devised to conduct neuroethological investigations of the effect of lesions on species-typical display behavior. The atlas consists of 12 transverse sections from an average size adult male. The figures (4-15) are based on Nissl material and supplemented with fiber-stained material from adjacent sections. They appear at the end of the article. Limitations on the accuracy of stereotaxic coordinates are discussed and tables of correlative nomenclature for principal telencephalic and diencephalic nuclei are provided.
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    Structure and cytochemistry of the silk glands of the mygalomorph spider Antrodiaetus unicolor (araneae, antrodiaetidae) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 269-274 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dissection and a variety of absorption and fluorescent cytochemical methods have demonstrated that Antrodiaetus unicolor females have only one type of silk gland and spigot and, consequently, the simplest silk production system of any spider yet investigated histochemically. The small spherical to pear-shaped glands are grouped into four clusters, each cluster serving one of the four spinnerets. The spigots are long, slender, and slightly bent distally. Although all gland cells are structurally similar, each gland simultaneously produces two different secretory products, the secretion of the distal hemisphere being rich in basic protein and sulfhydryl groups, and the proximal hemisphere secretion being an acidic protein containing a high concentration of histochemically demonstrable C-terminal carboxyl groups. The two products remain segregated as they pass through the duct, where the acidic protein forms a thin outer layer around a core of basic protein. It is suggested that this segregation may persist in the silk strand after it exits from the spigot and that the outer acidic protein may be an adhesive agent.
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    Evolution of the vestibulolateral lobe of the cerebellum in electroreceptive and nonelectroreceptive teleosts (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 335-348 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The organization of the vestibulolateral lobe of the cerebellum is described in electroreceptive and closely related nonelectroreceptive teleost fishes. The vestibulolateral lobe includes an eminentia granularis and a lobus caudalis. The eminentia granularis is a lateral line-recipient, granule cell zone which in weakly electric fish (i.e., electroreceptive fish with an electric organ) has anterior and posterior divisions associated respectively with a mechanoreceptive medial medullary nucles and an electroreceptive lateral line lobe. A lobus caudalis includes a separate granule cell zone - the pars medialis, a molecular layer, and large Purkinje-like cells. Compared with weakly electric mormyrids, the pars medialis is hypertrophied in weakly electric gymnotoids and electroreceptive silurids. However, the pars medialis is also hypertrophied in nonelectroreceptive teleosts, suggesting it is a granule cell zone not associated with electroreception and perhaps the lateral line system.
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    Pheromone glands of microcaddisflies, (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)Journal paper no. 925. Montana Agricultural Experimental Station. (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 9-12 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previously unreported structures found on the head and thorax of several species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) are described. Depending on the species, these presumptive pheromone-producing glands are found either (1) on the basal segment of the antenna, (2) on movable and immovable occipital sclerites, (3) as eversible organs from the occipital area of the head, or (4) on structures which are attached near the bases of the front wings.
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    The morphology of dermal chromatophores in the infrared-reflecting glass-frog Centrolenella fleischmanni (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 37-44 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology and organization of chromatophores in the neotropical glass-frog, Centrolenella fleischmanni (family Centrolenidae), were studied with both light and electron microscopes. Four types of pigment cells are described in the dorsal skin. The fine structure of two chromatophores corresponds to the typical amphibian xanthophore and iridophore; one is similar to the unusual melanophore found in phyllomedusine hylids; the fourth cell type is unlike any chromatophore previously described. Pigment granules in the unusual chromatophore are moderately electron-dense and have an irregular shape, suggesting a fluid composition. This pigment appears to be laid down in organelles similar in appearance to pterinosomes. The organization of pigment cells in this species differs from that of other green, leaf-sitting frogs in that there are few discrete groups resembling “dermal chromatophore units.” It is suggested that the unusual new pigment cell contributes significantly to the overall green color of C. fleischmanni.
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Intralamellar neurohemal complexes in the cerebral commissure of the leech Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824): An electron microscope study (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 157-165 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of the cerebral ganglionic commissure of the leech Macrobdella decora (Say, 1824) revealed numerous neurosecretory axons terminating in the neural lamella of both the inner and outer capsules, and in the neural lamella deep within the neuropile. The proximal protions of the terminals, with an investment of glial tissue, contain either numerous large homogeneously electron dense granules, or numerous large granules of varying electron density. The distal portions, often devoid of glia, display numerous infoldings, omega profiles, and electron dense focal sites, and contain numerous neurosecretory granules, small lucent vesicles, and, occasionally, acanthosomes. Statistical analysis of the size distribution and morphology of the neurosecretory granules showed that in many individual terminals the granules are not significantly different from those seen within four groups of neurosecretory cells found in the cerebral ganglion. These terminals, because of their diffuse nature, probably represent a neurohemal complex of a primitive nature. The term “intralamellar complexes” is proposed to describe the form and location of these neurosecretory terminals.
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    The secretory response in dissociated acini from the rat submandibular gland (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 219-230 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat submandibular gland was dissociated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase and hyaluronidase, followed by mild mechanical shearing and filtration through a nylon mesh. The dissociated cell populations contained predominantly groups of acinar cells which maintained their acinar arrangement. The morphological and functional viability of the cells was confirmed by electron microscopic examination and a normal secretory response to β-adrenergic or cholinergic stimulation was observed. Both isoproterenol (IPR) and carbachol caused the fusion of secretory granules into large vacuoles which were also continuous with the lumen, and into which the secretory product was released. Secretion was assessed quantitatively from the incorporation of 14C-glucosamine into the acinar cells and its subsequent release into the culture medium as labelled glycoprotein. IPR stimulated secretion to 125% of untreated controls in the concentration range 5 × 10-5 to 5 × 10-7 M, and to 110% of controls at 5 × 10-8 M, after 40 min incubation. Carbachol stimulated secretion to 131% of controls at 5 × 10-5 M and to 115% at 5 × 10-6 M but had no effect at 5 × 10-7 or 5 × 10-8 M. The secretory response was blocked by the respective β-adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists, propranolol and atropine. These findings show that dissociated rat submandibular acinar cells provide a useful in vitro model for the study of mucus synthesis and secretion.
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    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800101
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    Intercellular bridges in ovaries of the newborn gerbil (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
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    Comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial fox squirrel, Sciurus nlger (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial tree squirrel, Sciurus niger, was focused on the musculoskeletal design for digging in the former and climbing in the latter. Based on lever arm mechanics, it was expected that the forelimb of the prairie dog would show features appropriate to the production of relatively large forces and that of the fox squirrel to relatively great velocity. Force and lever arm measurements were made of select forelimb muscles at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints for a series of angles in both species. Contraction time and fatigue indexes were determined for the same forelimb muscles. Contrary to expectation, in the few cases in which significant (P 〈 .05) differences were found, the forces, lever arms, and torques (force times its lever arm) were greater in the smaller fox squirrel. The observed variation in the torques produced fits the demands on the forelimb during climbing and digging as estimated from films. Several forelimb muscles of the fox squirrel show significantly higher mean contraction times than do the homologous muscles of the prairie dog. There were no significant differences between the two species in the fatigability of the selected forelimb muscles, although the mean fatigue index was always higher (less fatigable muscle) in the prairie dog. Similarities in the forelimbs of these two sciurids suggest that only minor modifications may have been required of the ancestral forelimb in order for descendent forms to operate successfully as climbers and diggers.
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    The stomatogastric nervous system of the house cricket Acheta domesticus L. II. Iontophoretic study of neuron anatomy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 105-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of neurons of the stomatogastric nervous system of Ascheta domesticus was studied using heavy metal iontophoresis through cut nerve ends followed by silver intensification. Nineteen categories of neuron are described and compared with neurons known from the stomatogastric nervous system of other insects. Possible functions for the neurons are suggested. Motor neuron candidates are suggested for all parts of the gut served by the stomatogastric nervous system, and axons of sensory neurons of the anterior pharynx are located. There are four neuron types that cannot readily be assigned motor, sensory, or interneuron functions: large dorsal cells of the frontal ganglion; the two neurons of the nervus connectivus, and two categories of neurons in the median neurosecretory cell group of the pars intercerebralis, the axons of which are contained in the stomatogastric nerves.
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    Antennal receptors in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. I. The gigantic central projection of the pedicellar campaniform sensillum (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the pedicellar segment of the fly antenna there is a large campaniform sensillum. The central projection of the sensory cell (LCC) of this large campaniform sensillum is described from labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cobalt. The LCC projects bilaterally to several regions of the brain and subesophageal and thoracic ganglia. The LCC processes in these termination areas were analyzed in relation to other neural processes, including the remaining antennal sensory and motor projection. This analysis was aided by combining HRP labeling with Golgi silver impregnation. Based on earlier findings and the present data we suggest that the LCC, with its various outputs in, e.g., antennal and leg motor centers, serves as a multifunctional sensory path involved in control functions necessary in flight.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800301
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    Alterations of endocrine pancreas B cells in a sahelian reptile (Varanus exanthematicus) during starvation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During the long starvation period (November to June) of the lizard (Varanus exanthematicus), pancreatic B cells undergo profound modification. The degeneration of β granules observed in electron microscopy appears correlated with the diminution of the immunoreactive insulin-like content of the pancreas. The analogy between the phenomena observed here and those reported in animals treated with alloxan is discussed.
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    Structure, crystallography, and morphogenesis of the cryptic shell of the terrestrial slug Limax maximus (Mollusca, gastropoda) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure and crystallography of the internal shell of the pulmonate gastropod slug Limax maximus were studied at the levels of light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing patterns of shell ontogeny and morphogenesis. The calcified portion of the slightly convex ovoid shell is composed of a single palisade layer of calcitic crystals. Numerous projections, 100 μm in width at the dorsal tip, are found on the dorsal surface of the shell and coincide with local nucleation sites of primordial calcium salt deposition onto the periostracum. With continued calcification these projections coalesce ventrally, forming the single crystalline shell layer. The organic portion of the shell includes the periostracum and an extensive PAS-staining conchiolin. In EDTA-etched preparations, conchiolin appears as a spongy network of fibers throughout the shell. Both horizontal and vertical components of the conchiolin are present, the former of variable thickness and occurring in an intercrystalline manner, the latter always occurring normal to the horizontal set. Macromorphogenic growth is characterized by three distinct temporal stages. Primary growth occurs radially from the umbonal region. Secondary growth is synonymous with shell thickening. Tertiary growth is characterized by both a lateral component, in which the shell extends beyond the primary growth boundaries, and a ventral component, in which the shell continues to grow in thickness. SEM of the ventral shell surface reveals a pattern of growth at the crystalmatrix interface. Proteinaceous fibers of the conchiolin occur unidirectionally in horizontal rows. Zones of incipient calcitic crystallization onto these hypostracal fiber bundles are contrasted by zones of increasing crystallization until the fibrous template (reduced hypostracum) is completely covered by crystals.
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    Ultrastructure of a complex epithelial system: The pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 271-296 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy shows that the pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus is a structurally complex epithelial system that can be separated into eight epithelial types: gill lamellar, gill interlamellar, goblet cell, protective, terminal (taste) bud, preciliated, ciliated in tracts, and ciliated in grooves. Furthermore, these epithelial types encompass at least sixteen different cell types based on ultrastructure and, in some cases, correlative histochemistry (PAS, Alcian blue). Common to nearly all the epithelial types are basal cells and intermediate cells. These two cell types are seen as undifferentiated. Among mature cells, structural specialization as proceeded in three directions: (1) elaboration of mitochondria, probably related to molecular transport (ion-uptake cells, chloride cells); (2) ciliogenesis (preciliated and ciliated cell types); and (3) production of mucous secretory granules (mucous-platelet cells, goblet cells, superficial protective cells, columnar mucous cells, “cobblestone” cells, and marginal and dark cells in the terminal buds). Many of the functions of the cell types relate to the process of suspension feeding in this animal.
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    A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a “parallel muscle combination” (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically.In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as “kinesiological monitors” generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
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    Histomorophological studies of the female reproductive system of Platynotus punctatipennis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The internal reproductive apparatus of female Platynotus punctatipennis is composed of the paired ovaries, paired lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca associated with its accessory gland, and a bursa copulatrix. The accessory (colleterial) glands are absent. The ovary is made up of a large number of telotrophic ovarioles which are covered by a double-layered peritoneal sheath. The terminal filament is separated from the germarium by the basement membrane of the latter and consists of a syncytial core surrounded by the peritoneal sheath. Nutritive cords are absent. The pedicel shows highly eosinophilic and PAS-positive secretion of obscure origin. The spermatheca reveals a number of interesting features. It is composed of a pair of sperm-storing tubules, enclosed in a very thin muscle layer. A winecup-like structure, provided with a thick coat of circular muscles, connects the spermathecal gland with thespermathecal duct. Four types of intimal linings occur in the spermatheca and its associated structures. The wine-cup-like connection and four types of intima are entirely new features observed. Histology of the various parts of the reproductive apparatus is described.
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    Mesodermal organogenesis in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki (Lepidoptera, Micropterygidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of somites, coelomic sacs, splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, circular system, gonads, and musculature in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki, is described. The following paired somites are formed: the labral, antennal, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, labial, three thoracic, and 11 abdominal. Small but distinct coelomic cavities appear in all these somites. Labral somites differentiate into the labral muscles, stomodaeal muscles, and dorsal dilator muscles of the pharynx. Antennal somites differentiate into the antennal muscles, aorta, and the ventral dilator muscles of the pharynx. Intercalary somites are short-lived, disintegrating to liberate many free cells into the yolk. The suboesophageal body is not formed. Mandibular somites differentiate into the mandibular flexor and extensor muscles. Maxillary and labial somites differentiate into the splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, and into muscles of the maxillolabial region. Three pairs of thoracic and ten pairs of abdominal somites split into the splanchric and somatic mesoderm. The 11th abdominal somites merge into the proctodaeal mesoderm, and differentiate into the musculature of the hindgut. The heart is formed by the fusion of the cardioblasts derived from the first thoracic to the tenth abdominal segment. The aorta arises from the antennal median mesoderm. Blood cells are derived from the median mesodermal cells of the maxillary to the tenth abdominal segment. Germ cells appear at the mediodorsal corner of each somite in the fifth abdominal segment. They become enclosed with a mesodermal sheath to form a pair of rudimentary gonads in this segment. Major muscles in the head, thorax, and abdomen of the fully grown embryo are described.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810201
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    Architectural and histochemical analysis of the semitendinousus muscle in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 155-160 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The architectural and histochemical properties of the anatomically distinct compartments of the semitendinosus muscle (ST) of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits show that the ST is composed of two separate compartments aligned in series - a destal compartment (STd) and a proximal one (STp). The STp is further subdivided into a ventral head (STpv) and a dorsal head (STpd). The muscle fibers were arranged in parallel to the line of muscle pull within each compartment. The STd has the longest and the STpv the shortest fibers in all species. The physiological cross-sectional area and the estimated tetanic tension was greatest in the STd. Based on the staining pattern for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and an oxidative indicator (NADH or SDH), the STpv has the highest percentage of slow-oxidative (SO) or SO plus fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers of any portion of the muscle. The differences in fiber-type distributions and architectural designs of the separate compartments suggest a specialization of function of the individual compartments.
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    Morphology and ultrastructure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 97-131 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus and the relationship between its sensory cells and concretion are described using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, with chemical treatment for cell lysis, calcium chelation, glycogen staining, and lanthanum labelling. The organ is encapsulated and has three units called fuselli. Each is enclosed by two fusellar cells which generate and release calcium granule strands into the cores of the fusellar concretions, which are united in the center of the organ. The surface of each fusellus is traversed by spiral dendrites entering dorsally and ending ventrally. The spiral dendrites arise from sensory neurons contained in a palm-shaped ganglion in the center of the capsule, beyond which they are twisted like a rope before reaching the concretion. The spiral dendrites are linked in pairs by gap and tight junctions and each gives origin to two pairs of 9+0 sensory cilia 30 μm apart. The ciliary distal segments give rise to long tubules which are in contact with the calcium granule strands. The ciliary proximal segments are expanded by many long mitochondria which interdigitate with the branched striated ciliary rootlets. The concretion is suspended in the capsule cavity by axons originating from four neurons of a remote mechanoreceptor. The structure of the organ suggests that it is a sensory organ involved in the reception and integration of a variety of stimuli.
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    Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the renal tubules and urinary bladder epithelium in Rana catesbeiana and Necturus maculosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the kidney and the bladder of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the bullfrog tadpole, and the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) were studied with special attention to the innervation of renal tubule cells and bladder epithelial cells. In the bullfrog kidney, nerve terminals and varicosities were frequently associated with the tubule cells, apparently in an increasing order from the proximal tubule to the connecting tubule. Although these terminals and varicosities did not directly contact the tubular cell membrane, an aggregation of synaptic vesicles on the side facing the tubule was considered as morphological evidence that neurotransmitter can be released here and can affect the transport activity of the tubule cells. The association of nerve varicosities with canaliculi cells in the connecting tubule was also demonstrated. In the bullfrog tadpoles, renal tubule cells were occasionally innervated. In the mudpuppy, renal tubule cells were only poorly innervated. The epithelium of the bullfrog bladder was commonly innervated. Nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles were located very near basal cells and even contacted them directly on rare occasions. In the mudpuppy, the innervation of the bladder epithelium was observed infrequently. The bullfrog tadpoles did not possess an apparent bladder. In all materials studied, renal arterioles and bladder smooth muscle cells were innervated.
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810301
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    Ultrastrucuture of the fat body of the reproductive pair in higher termites (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 172 (1982), S. 313-322 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the fat body of the higher termite king and queen has been studied both in species with (Macrotermes bellicosus, M. subhyalinus) and without (Cubitermes fungifaber) tracheal rosettes. There is a very pronounced sexual dimorphism. The adipocytes of the queen are highly specialized for protein synthesis and secretion; they store only a small quantity of reserves. The adipocytes of the king are not specialized in protein synthesis, but accumulate large amounts of reserve substances. The previously proposed different functions of the termite queen's fat body are discussed; it appears to be mainly concerned with vitellogenesis.
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    The ovary of Fundulus heteroclitus (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 1-16 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with dissection and light microscopy, have produced heretofore unavailable structural detail of the ovary of Fundulus heteroclitus. Structural and functional interrelationships among developing follicles and other histological elements, particularly as they might relate to vascularization of follicles, oocyte development, and ovulation, are described and discussed. Mature eggs, ovulated into the ovarian lumen, accumulate in the posterior “ovisac” region of the ovary prior to oviposition. This “ovisac” region is thin-walled and apparently nongerminal. The temporary retention of ovulated eggs permits cyclical oviposition even though oogenesis and ovulation are asynchronous. The histological differences between the ovisac and the anterior ovigerous of the ovary are described. The lumenal epithelium of the ovisac displays a localized population of unusual cells with long cytoplasmic extensions. The ultrastructure of these cells suggests that they might function in the transport of ovulated eggs into the oviduct and/or in secreting the substance (“jelly”) which forms the surface coat of extruded eggs.
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    Setiferous structures of male coleoptera (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 43-72 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A scanning electron microscopy study was made of the male setiferous sex patches and analogous structures in 11 families of Coleoptera (Anthribidae, Bruchidae, Ciidae, Cleridae, Coccinellidae, Dermestidae, Leiodidae, Ptinidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae, and Ostomatidae). These secondary sexual characters appear to have several features in common including relatively long, often ridged, setae, cuticular ducts (frequently cribriform pore plates), and the production of a secretion. It is suggested that these structures may all be concerned with the production, release, and dissemination of pheromones.
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    Masthead (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730201
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    Synganglial and neurosecretory morphology of female Ornithodoros parkeri (cooley) (acari: Argasidae) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 159-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Single esophageal and paired cheliceral, palpal, pedal (I-IV), and opisthosomal nerves enter the synganglion and form specific neuropilar ganglia. The ganglia are integrated by a complex series of commissures and connectives. Eighteen paraldehyde-fuchsin-positive neurosecretory regions, which vary greatly in size and amount of granular neurosecretory material, are each associated (one or more) with neuropilar ganglia. Presumably transport of neurosecretory materials to target tissues occurs through axonal pathways, perineurial-neural lamella associations, and the neurohemal retrocerebral organ complex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730204
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    Myocardial ultrastructure and electrocardiograms of the sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) under normal and experimental conditionsSupported (in part) by the U. S. Public Health Service, General Research grant 1-SO1-FR-05070-01 and by the Chicago and Illinois Heart Assocations, Grant-in-Aid N66-10. Presented in part at the American Society for Cell Biology Meeting, November 19, 1966, in Houston, Texas. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 83-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adult sloths (Bradypus tridactylus) were studied by electrocardiography and by light and electron microscopy under normal conditions and under experimental conditions as provided for by injection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and ether anesthesia. ECG's of the animals indicated heart rates of 45-71/min, which can be considered as the normal heart rate of the sloth under laboratory conditions. Under normal conditions, the contracted ventricular myocardium of the sloth exhibited (a) a wrinkled sarcolemma, (b) the usual pattern of myofibrils and of sarcoplasmic reticulum, (c) small mitochondria with spiked and branched, often anastomosed cristae, including a few small intramitochondrial dark bodies, (d) an amount of sacrcosomes smaller than the amount of myofibrils, (e) many glycogen granules, isolated, in the form of a chain, or as clusters, in subsarcolemmal, intermyofilamentous and perimitochondrial positions, (f) few multivesicular bodies and (g) large flat sections of the transverse tubular system.Injection of DNP (1 mg/kg) caused tachycardia. With ether anesthesia, the ECG showed monophasic action potential of myocardial injury and prolongation of inter or intraventricular condition. Electrically, the sloth's heart responded to hypoxia as do other mammalian hearts.The administration of DNP produced (a) derangement and reduction in number and length of the mitochondrial cristae, (b) disappearance of spikes, connections between the cristae and, consequently, the honeycombed arrangement, (c) increased matricial space in the center of mitochondria which was often filled with a grayish substance, (d) disappearance of small dark intramitochondrial granules, (e) depletion of glycogen particles and (f) few dilations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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    A new approach to mammalian cranial analysis, illustrated by examples of prosimian primates (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 167-179 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Latex endocranial casts, which may be made without damaging the skull, reveal much of the information provided by a hemisected skull. Examination of drawings of endocasts superimposed on skulls may provide insight into the biological significance of skull and brain morphology. The high degree of cranial flexion and the globose brain shape of Daubentonia appear to be related to the functional demands of its gnawing mechanism. The broad frontal lobes of indriids are correlated with orbital orientation; differences in frontal lobe sulcal pattern suggest greater elaboration of the motor filed for the hand in indriids than in lemurids. Several features of lorisid cranial anatomy are discussed. It is suggested that, as a first approximation, increased splanchnocranial declination in small prosimians results from the necessity of accommodating relatively large eyes in a skull with a relatively small splanchnocranium.
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240301
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    Further morphological and histochemical studies on the yolk nucleus and associated cell components in the developing oocyte of the indian wall lizard (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 283-293 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In March through April when the oocyte growth in the ovaries of the wall lizard (Hemidactylus) is very rapid, the yolk nucleus continues to persist through various stages of previtellogenesis. This persisting yolk nucleus and associated cell components have been studied with histochemical techniques. The spherical and dense yolk nucleus stains for protein, lipoprotein and RNA. It does not form any close morphological association with the other cell components such as the mitochondria, lipid bodies (L2), spaces or canals, diffuse sudanophilic substance and dense bodies, which are arranged into three zones round the yolk nucleus proper. The mitochondria stain for lipoprotein; the L2 bodies consist of phospholipid; the spaces do not contain any material demonstrable with histochemical techniques; and the ooplasm containing the diffuse sudanophilic substance and dense bodies shows lipoprotein, protein and RNA. Eventually, the yolk nucleus disintegrates, and its substance as well as the other cell components are distributed in the cortical ooplasm of oocytes which are ready to form the yolk bodies.Concepts of the origin, morphology, cytochemistry and function of the yolk nucleus in the oocytes of invertebrates and vertebrates, which have come about recently through the application of cytochemical and submicroscopical techniques, are discussed.
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    Symmetrical gaits of dogs in relation to body build (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 353-359 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Symmetrical gaits of 37 breeds of dogs were analyzed. Usual walking and trotting gaits resemble those of other carnivores of similar size and conformation. Only certain long-legged dogs pace - usually at the fast walk or slow run. At the moderate walk, long-legged dogs tend to use lateral-couplets gaits, whereas short-legged breeds tend to use single-foot gaits. Many dogs must turn the axis of the body slightly from the line of travel at the trot to prevent interference between fore and hind feet. The relative duration with the ground made by fore and hind feet is discussed, usual support-sequences of the varicus gaits are presented, and the amount of variation is shown.
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    H3-proline incorporation into cartilage: Electron microscope autoradiographic observations (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 387-421 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscope autoradiography was used to study cartilage from regenerating limbs of adult newts, Triturus, after intraperitoneal injections of proline-3H. The labeling in the endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicles, Golgi vacuoles, ground cytoplasm and extracellular matrix was compared during the secretion of radioactive products. The data appear to indicate that a large part of the radioactive secretion probably leaves the cell after having been in only one cellular compartment. Although this compartment may be the endoplasmic reticulum, a considerable amount of radioactivity fluxes through the ground cytoplasm and the possibility cannot be excluded that some secretory components leave the cell directly from the ground cytoplasm. The data appear incompatible with the hypothesis that all the radioactivity seen in the extracellular matrix arrived there via a single pathway involving first the endoplasmic reticulum and then the Golgi vacuoles. It is not, however, incompatible with a hypothesis that a fraction of the radioactive product uses this pathway.
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    Further studies on the development of the eye of Drosophila melanogaster. II. The interommatidial bristles (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 249-261 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscope examination of the minute bristle organules in the Drosophila eye revealed an organisation characteristic of insect hair sensilla. They were derived from four concentrically arranged cells which were active at the mid-pupal stage in producing the bristle, socket and receptor structures. Two of the cells degenerated towards the end of pupation, the mature organule consisting of a bipolar sense cell and an accessory cell.Growth in length of the bristle was accompanied by a proliferation of longitudinally oriented microtubules which gradually disappeared after maximum growth had been achieved. The breakdown of microfibrillar aggregates, which were also present as transient structures in the developing bristle and showed some correspondence with the longitudinal ridges formed at the surface, may similarly be related to the establishment of cell shape by the deposition of the cuticle which occurred at the same time.
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    A histological study of non-follicular cysts in the ovulation fossa region of the equine ovary (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 313-320 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Forty-two unselected ovaries from adult mares were examined histologically, and with histochemical methods for mucins. A considerable part of the surface of the ovulation fossa was directly covered by columnar epithelium, with many ciliated cells. This epithelium, which was distributed mainly on the anterior side of the ovulation fossa, closely resembled the contiguous epithelium of the infundibulum of the oviduct, was frequently folded, and gave rise to short clefts projecting into the ovarian substance. The remainder of the ovulation fossa was covered by non-ciliated, low cuboidal or squamous epithelium, lacking folds or clefts.“Fossa cysts,” up to 6.5 mm in diameter, were observed in the ovarian tissue around the ovulation fossa in 27 (64%) of these ovaries. Both simple and branched, tubular and vesicular forms were present, and all were blind-ending. Their epithelial lining cells, which varied from simple squamous to columnar in type, were frequently ciliated. Many fossa cysts contained secretions histochemically similar to those of the columnar epithelium of the ovulation fossa and infundibulum. Both sialic acidcontaining and neutral mucins were present. It is suggested that these cysts were probably derived by ingrowth from the columnar epithelium of the ovulation fossa. This epithelium may be of müllerian duct origin.
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240401
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    Studies of a primitive mammalian spleen, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant 5-S01-FR-05409-05 from the National Institutes of Health, General Research Support grant. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 445-450 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopic sections of the adult opossum (Didelphis virginiana) spleen were observed to lack venous sinuses; this primitive mammalian spleen may be classified as non-sinusal in nature. In the spleen of the opossum, the capillary segments of the penicillar arteries lacked ellipsoid sheaths characteristic of certain mammalian spleens.Separating the lymphoid nodules from the surrounding red pulp was a distinct band of vascular tissue, the marginal zone. Arising from the central artery within the lymphoid nodule, vessels of capillary dimension were observed to terminate within the marginal zone and the area between lymphoid nodule and marginal zone. In addition to the vascular channels established by the terminal arterial vessels within the red pulp, the system of vessels within the marginal zone has been implicated as an important intermediate vascular channel within the spleen.
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    Formation of septa in the bulbus cordis of a turtle and a lizardA portion of a thesis presented at Harvard University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. degree. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 1-21 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A total of 54 embryos of Chrysemys (Chelonia) and 29 embryos of Aristelliger (Lacertilia) were used in examining septation of the embryonic bulbus cordis. Division of this region of the heart includes a period of cushion or septal primordia formation and a period of physical partitioning. In both reptilian genera, the physical configuration of the early bulbus, the temporal sequence of appearance of the endocardial cushions, the number of major endocardial cushions, the primordia composing the two primary bulbar septa, and the mode of descent of the bulbar septa are strikingly similar. The two genera differ primarily in the pattern of the endocardial cushions and consequently the rotation of the two bulbar septa. In both the turtle and the lizard the aortico-pulmonary septum passes through an angle of about 120° in its descent toward the ventricle. In Aristelliger the aortic septum rotates through an angle of approximately 120°. By contrast, the same partition in Chrysemys spirals through an angle of about 90°. The lesser spiral of this septum in the turtle is interpreted as the result of a decrease in the rotation of distal endocardial ridge 4. The pattern of the two bulbar septa in the turtle appears to represent an advanced phylogenetic feature in terms of the evolution of the reptilian bulbus cordis.
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    Interrelationships between developing oocytes and ovarian tissues in the chiton Sypharochiton septentriones (ashby) (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 71-103 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Oogenesis and the relationships between oocytes and other ovarian tissues have been studied in Sypharochiton septentriones. The ovarian tissues were examined by electron microscopy and by histochemical methods.The sac-like ovary is dorsal, below the aorta, and opens to the exterior by two posterior oviducts. Ventrally, the ovarian epithelium is folded inwards to form a series of plates of tissue, which support the developing ova. Each ovum is attached to a tissue plate by a stalk, the plasma membrane of which is bathed by the blood in the tissue plate sinus. Dorsally, ciliated vessels from the aorta enter the ovary and open into blood sinuses in the top of the plates.After each germinal epithelial cell rounds up to become a primary oogonium, it undergoes four mitotic divisions to give rise to a cluster of 16 secondary oogonia. Of these, the outer ones become follicle cells and the inner ones become oocytes. As in other molluses, the increases in nuclear and nucleolar volume are relatively greatest towards the end of previtellogenesis, when chromosomal and nucleolar activity are most intense. This phase of activity is accompanied by a great increase in cytoplasmic basophilia. Subsequently this basophilia is decreased during vitellogenesis, when chromosomal and nucleolar activity diminish. Fluid filled interstices appear in the cytoplasm during early vitellogenesis. Protein yolk deposition is associated with these interstices, but the lipid yolk appears to arise de novo. The follicle cells do not appear to be directly involved in oocyte nutrition.At times during oogenesis, certain manifestations of polarity can be found in the oocyte. This polarity is based on an apical-basal axis and can be related to the nutritive source of the oocyte, namely the blood which bathes the plasma membrane of the oocyte in the stalk.Numerous granulated cells are present in the ovarian tissue plates and ventral epithelium as storage cells containing lysosomes, and they are capable of phagocytosis and micropinocytosis of extracellular material. A scheme is outlined whereby reserves in these cells may be incorporated into the oocyte cytoplasm. Lysosomal activity is responsible for autolysis of the cells as well as resorption of unspawned ova.
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    The postnatal development of the pelage and ventral gland of the male gerbilThis investigation was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant 05679-248. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 303-313 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal development of the pelage and ventral gland of male Mongolian gerbils ranging from newborn to 86 days of age was studied. The development of the gerbil pelage follows a pattern similar to that observed for other rodents. The length of the dorsal and ventral skin juvenile hair cycle was found to be 26 to 28 days with a 15 to 18 day anagen and a ten to 11 day catagen and telogen. Hair follicles in the ventral gland began growth ten days later than those of the general pelage and secondary follicles budded from the sides of primary follicles. The ventral gland area differed from the general pelage in that it lacked a panniculus carnosus. The ventral gland is a complex of pilosebaceous glands which, in the adult, fill the entire hypodermis. The length and width of the pilosebaceous canals of the gland units are greater than those of the dorsum. The period of telogen of the hair follicles in the ventral gland is very short. The mid-ventral gland of the male gerbil appears to be a secondary sexual characteristic.
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Lymphatic capillaries in tail fin of amphibian larva: An electron microscopic studyThis work was supported by USPHS grant AI-07348 and the Shriners Burns Institute, Boston Unit. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 419-445 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries in the tail fin of Rana catesbiana larvae was investigated. With the use of a colloidal marker particle (Biological Carbon) the extent that these delicate vessels ramify throughout the fin region was demonstrated. This opaque substance also serves as a marker particle for identification of lymphatics with some degree of certainty at both light and electron microscopic levels. The cytoplasm of the lymphatic endothelial cell is abruptly attenuated beyond the perinuclear region, reaching widths as thin as 300 Å. Lymphatic Anchoring filaments are present, but to a lesser degree than noted for other species studied. Other features of interest include an extensive Golgi complex and electron dense bodies that are surrounded by a smooth surfaced unit membrane. These bodies are somewhat heterogeneous in size (500 Å up to 0.5 μ in diameter) and density. Numerous exit channels are provided by the extensive supply of lymphatics throughout the tail fin region of amphibian larva thus allowing them to serve an important function during metamorphosis. It is suggested that these vessels also act as passageways through which lysed cellular and connective tissue components may be rapidly removed during the process of tail fin resorption.
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    The body wall of cheilostome bryozoa. I. The ectocyst of Watersipora nigra (Canu and Bassler)This work is to be submitted to the graduate faculty of the University of Southern California in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The research, conducted at the University of Southern California, was supported in part by an NIH Biomedical Science Support grant 1-S05-FR-07012-01. Contribution 307 of the Allan Hancock Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 125 (1968), S. 497-507 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cuticle of Watersipora nigra is at first translucent, but it later becomes black and differentiates into two layers. It is composed, at least in part, of a protein-polysaccharide complex. Calcified parts are three-layered: (1) an outer, cuticular layer, (2) a calcium carbonate skeleton deposited on a matrix of acid mucopolysaccharide, and (3) a “skeletal membrane.” The relationships of these layers indicate that the skeleton is intracuticular. A layer of cuticular material, the “intercalary cuticle” is present in lateral walls, but not transverse walls; it may become calcified in some species. The cuticles of calcified and uncalcified parts of cheilostomes are not necessarily homologous.
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    Morphology of the larval and adult brains of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus plexippus, L. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 67-93 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell population and neuropile morphology of larval and adult brains of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus plexippus, L., are compared. The larval brain is in continuous transition, the processes of adult brain development being underway from the earliest larval stages. It is characterized by a less diverse population of cells and more homogenous fiber areas than those of the adult. Neuroblasts, which divide to form the neurones of the adult brain, occur either in discrete proliferation centers or scattered among the larval ganglion cells. The larval brain contains, in addition to small homogeneous antennal centers and a distinct larval optic center, rapidly developing adult optic centers, corpora pedunculata, and protocerebral bridge. The larval brain lacks a central body. Major differences between larval and adult brains are clearly related to the increased dependence of the adult upon sensory input from the eyes and antennae.
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    The gonads and sexual cycle of the polystyelid ascidian Distomus variolosus gaertner (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 123-161 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Distomus variolosus from Roscoff, France, comprises two sorts, differing in their branchial and gonadal patterns. Their sexual cycle has been followed histologically and micro-anatomically. Gonads begin as clumps of lymphocytes that persist along germinal tracts. Cavitation of the clump, growth of the gonoduct, maturation of the gametes, and elaboration of accessory structures are described. Oocytes develop in a linear series in each ovary; only one or two reach maturity in each gonad. The released egg and subsequent tadpole may be held to the ovary by a “leash” formed of the partially everted outer follicle of the egg. Post-mature gonads deteriorate. Testes disrupt altogether; ovaries may persist as moribund loci of remnant germinal tissue. The sharp right-left hermaphroditism of the zooid appears to combine with a subtler anterior-posterior gradient of sexual determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260202
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    Electron microscope studies on developing oocytes of a coelenterate medusa with special reference to vitellogenesisThis investigation was supported by research grants (HD-00699; GM-09229) from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service and a Career Development Award (GM-11,524) from the National Institute of General Medical Science. The author is indebted to Dr. David Epel for providing facilities at the Hopkins Marine Station. The skillful technical assistance of Marlene Decker is also acknowledged. Publication costs provided by an allocation from the Graduate College of the University of Iowa. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 211-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In a hydrozoan jellyfish, the female gonad is differentiated from a specialized region of the epidermis near the manubrium. Changes in the oocytes during growth and vitellogenesis are described as observed with electron microscopic and cytochemical techniques. Three major types of yolk are formed; these include lipid, glycogen, and membrane-bound granules consisting of both protein and carbohydrate. The latter first appear evident within vesicular and cisternal elements of the numerous Golgi complexes. The orientation and structural variations noted between the endoplasmic reticulum and forming face of the Golgi complexes suggest that the protein component of the yolk granules may be transferred from the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex where it is joined to carbohydrate perhaps synthesized by the Golgi complexes. Stages in the release of the precursor yolk material sequestered in cisternal elements of the Golgi complexes are illustrated. The presence of coated and uncoated vesicles in the Golgi regions and their possible role in intracellular transport are described and discussed. The presence and possible method of morphogenesis of vesiculate yolk bodies are also described. What appear to represent invaginations of the oolemma extend into the ooplasm and display a special orientation with respect to lamellae of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Intraooplasmic synthesis appears to constitute the major pathway for protein-carbohydrate yolk deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260205
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