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  • Pregnancy  (41)
  • Cattle  (18)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (59)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer Nature
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (59)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1981  (59)
  • 1960
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (59)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (59)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: The spatial distribution of phosphorus within active fraction nucleosomes reveals that the path of the DNA is consistent with one and three-fourths turns of DNA supercoiled around the outside of the protein core. This phosphorus distribution, obtained with an imaging electron spectrometer in a conventional transmission electron microscope, simultaneously establishes new limits of sensitivity for elemental microanalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bazett-Jones, D P -- Ottensmeyer, F P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):169-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Dna ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleosomes/*ultrastructure ; *Phosphorus ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Two maternally derived chromosome sets and both maternal histocompatibility antigen haplotypes were identified in the tissues of a malformed triploid acardiac twin that developed within the same chorion as its normal twin. These findings indicate that the twins arose as a result of independent fertilizations, by two different spermatozoa, of a normal haploid ovum and its diploid first-meiotic-division polar body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, F R -- Nance, W E -- Morton, C C -- Brown, J A -- Redwine, F O -- Jordan, R L -- Mohanakumar, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Meiosis ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cattle ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- McGue, M -- 5 T32 MH14647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1055-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; Twins
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: The serum of lactating rats that have never been infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma lewisi contains a rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M (IgM). This IgM amplifies a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to the parasite and accounts for the unusual resistance of previously uninfected lactating rats and their suckling pups to infection with T. lewisi. A similar rheumatoid factor-like IgM, which is induced late in the usual course of infection with T. lewisi in nonlactating rats, amplifies an earlier IgM response and terminates the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a rheumatoid factor, which is classified as an autoimmune antibody, acting in a protective manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, A B Jr -- Mellow, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M/*immunology ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rheumatoid Factor/*immunology ; Trypanosoma lewisi/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis/*immunology
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Milk or viable milk cells collected from 24 dairy cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus were inoculated into lambs, which were subsequently examined for the development of infection. With this bioassay, infectious virus was demonstrated in the milk of 17 of the cows. Bovine leukemia virus is leukemogenic in at least two mammalian species, is widespread in commercial dairy herds, and can infect a wide range of hosts in vivo and cells, including human cells, in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferrer, J F -- Kenyon, S J -- Gupta, P -- 3PO1-CA-14193/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1014-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Biological Assay ; Cattle ; *Leukemia Virus, Bovine/immunology ; Leukemia, Experimental/transmission ; Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Milk/cytology/*microbiology ; *Retroviridae/immunology ; Sheep
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Ovaries removed from New Zealand White rabbits were perfused and exposed to gonadotropin in vitro. The ova ovulated in vitro (N = 56) were recovered and cultured and then transferred to the oviducts of six previously mated Dutch Belted hosts. Twelve of the resulting 36 offspring (33.3 percent) were white. In control matings between 12 Dutch Belted females (six randomly selected and the six hosts) and New Zealand White males, only one of 80 (1.2 percent) offspring was white. These data indicate that ova ovulated in vitro can be transferred to the oviduct of a host rabbit where they may be fertilized and after implantation may develop into viable embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Y -- Santulli, R -- Wright, K H -- Wallach, E E -- HD-05948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/*pharmacology ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology ; *Ovulation/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: A DNA sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12, prepared from the virion RNA, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. When Escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. The purified chimeric protein competed equally on a molar basis with VP3 for specific antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. When inoculated into six cattle and two swine, this protein elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protection against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleid, D G -- Yansura, D -- Small, B -- Dowbenko, D -- Moore, D M -- Grubman, M J -- McKercher, P D -- Morgan, D O -- Robertson, B H -- Bachrach, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*prevention & control ; Immunity, Cellular ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*prevention & control ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Vaccines ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*therapeutic use
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, F M -- Preston-Martin, S -- Yu, M C -- P01CA17054/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA20571/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects ; Brain Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Risk ; Skin Absorption ; Solvents
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Adult Hereford (Bos taurus) cattle were protected from severe reactions and death caused by the tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite Babesia bovis, 3 months after vaccination with a cell culture--derived immunogen. The immunogen consisted of filtered, freeze-dried supernatant fluid collected from long-term cultures of Babesia bovis in vitro. It was reconstituted with saponin adjuvant and injected twice subcutaneously at 2-week intervals. Serum collected from vaccinated cattle caused thickening of the merozoite surface coat, aggregation, and lysis of merozoites in vitro. This reaction was identical to that caused by serum from immune carrier cattle suggesting that the protective antigen present in culture fluids is merozoite surface coat antigen. No mortality occurred among vaccinated cattle, whereas mortality among unvaccinated cattle and Babesia bigemina--immune cattle was 62.5 percent indicating that immunity to bovine babesiosis is species-specific.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R D -- James, M A -- Ristic, M -- Aikawa, M -- Vega y Murguia, C A -- AI 16680/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):335-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*administration & dosage ; Babesia/immunology/ultrastructure ; Babesiosis/*prevention & control ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; Culture Media ; *Vaccination
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Viruses classified by immunologic criteria as equine herpesvirus 1 cause respiratory disease and abortion in horses. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the DNA's of viruses from animals with respiratory disease and from aborted fetuses show that the patterns for respiratory viruses, while similar to each other, are entirely different from the patterns for fetal viruses. It is therefore proposed that the DNA restriction endonuclease patterns of fetal and respiratory viruses analyzed in this study be designated as prototypic of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Studdert, M J -- Simpson, T -- Roizman, B -- CA 08494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 09241/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 19264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):562-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*microbiology ; Animals ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Fetus/microbiology ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/*genetics ; Horse Diseases/*microbiology ; Horses ; Pregnancy
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; *Amniocentesis ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Udeinya, I J -- Schmidt, J A -- Aikawa, M -- Miller, L H -- Green, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/microbiology ; Erythrocytes/*microbiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Veins
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: Rats exposed to ethanol throughout their gestation were found to have abnormally distributed mossy fibers in temporal regions of the hippocampus. This demonstrates that prenatal exposure to ethanol causes alterations in neuronal circuitry that persist to maturity. Such defects may play a role in the mental retardation often observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J R -- Hodges, C A -- Black, A C Jr -- AA-03884/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/abnormalities/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: Fermentation of food by the microbial community of the rumen is essential for the maintenance and growth of ruminants. The microbial ecosystem and its interaction with the host are described, along with recent attempts to manipulate the composition and activity of the microbial community by adding antibiotics and other chemicals to ruminant diets. A similar microbial community and fermentation occur in the large intestine or cecum of most nonruminant animals including the large intestine of humans. The microbial ecosystems of the rumen and human large intestine are compared.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolin, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1463-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cattle ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Humans ; Intestine, Large/microbiology/*physiology ; Methane/metabolism ; Rumen/microbiology/*physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Rat pups nursed by pregnant dams grow as fast as pups reared by dams that are not pregnant. Moreover, litters that were in utero during a lactation are as numerous at birth and grow as fast as pups developing in a nonlactating, pregnant mother. These litters continue to grow as fast as pups born to nonlactating dams whether or not the first litter remains after the birth of the second litter. When pregnant and lactating dams have a restricted food supply, some dams are capable of extending the duration of their pregnancies by over 2 weeks past that of nonlactating, pregnant dams. This facultative prolongation of pregnancy apparently allows females to carry normal litters to term.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodside, B -- Wilson, R -- Chee, P -- Leon, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):76-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *Lactation ; Litter Size ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats/*physiology
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, T -- Pratt, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Palate/drug effects/*physiology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zack, B G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Spontaneous ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: When presented a novel olfactory stimulus while suckling a passive dam, 11- to 14-day-old rat pups acquire a conditioned preference for that stimulus. The magnitude of the conditioned preference is greater if the pups received milk while suckling than if they did not. The results indicate that infants are capable of learning while suckling and that milk delivery plays a role in this associative process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brake, S C -- MH 32429/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Association Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Female ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Smell
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, E L -- Bush, R -- Dintcheff, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Rats treated with chloramphenicol from days 7 to 21 of intrauterine life (50 milligrams per kilogram per day, injected subcutaneously into the mothers) or in the first 3 days of extrauterine life (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram per day) were trained for avoidance conditioning when 60 days old. The acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired to a highly significant degree in all the treated groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertolini, A -- Poggioli, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/embryology/*growth & development ; Chloramphenicol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sex Factors
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Extraction of fibronectin from two human tissues, lung parenchyma and placental villi, was facilitated by the incorporation of heparin into extraction media. The effect of heparin was additive to the effect of urea which is known to extract fibronectin. These experiments provide further evidence that fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are associated in connective tissues and the use of heparin forms the basis for a simple method for extraction and quantitation of tissue fibronectin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bray, B A -- Mandl, I -- Turino, G M -- HL 15832/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dermatan Sulfate ; Female ; Fibronectins/*isolation & purification ; *Heparin ; Heparitin Sulfate ; Humans ; Lung/analysis ; Placenta/analysis ; Pregnancy ; Urea
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y T -- Mattison, D R -- Feigenbaum, L -- Fukui, H -- Schulman, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dluzen, D E -- Ramirez, V D -- Carter, C S -- Getz, L L -- HDO9328/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Olfactory Bulb/*metabolism ; Pheromones/*urine ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Rodentia/*physiology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple paternity ever directly demonstrated in a natural population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanken, J -- Sherman, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):351-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in blood collected during the 12.5-day gestation period of the Virginia opossum were not significantly different from those during equivalent days of the estrous cycle. Progesterone was correlated with an index of corpora luteral mass. Ratio of estradiol to progesterone were highest 3 to 4 days before estrus and on the day of parturition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harder, J D -- Fleming, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Luteum/physiology ; Estradiol/*blood ; Estrus ; Female ; Opossums/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Progesterone/*blood ; Species Specificity
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sex differentiation is the result of the translation of genetic sex into gonadal sex. Without recognizable masculinizing signals the embryonic gonad will undergo ovarian differentiation. The main determinant of gonadal differentiation appears to be the presence or absence of a cell surface antigen, called H-Y antigen. The regulation of H-Y antigen expression is complex and involves the interaction between regulatory sites on the Y chromosome, the X chromosome, and possibly the autosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, F P -- Ohno, S -- 5R01 HD 12289-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R0I AD 00042/AD/ADAMHA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1272-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Embryonic Induction ; Female ; Fertility ; Freemartinism/genetics ; Germ Cells/physiology ; H-Y Antigen/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; Mice ; Ovary/embryology ; Rats ; Sex Chromosomes ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testis/embryology/physiology
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Morphine has been found in cow and human milk at concentrations of 200 to 500 nanograms per liter. Multistep purification yields a material that has immunological, biological, pharmacological, and chemical properties identical to those of morphine. Similar morphine-like material, which has been tentatively identified in some common plant sources, may be a ubiquitous dietary constituent and a possible source for the material in milk. Since morphine (mu) receptors have a low affinity for enkephalins, and since morphine-like materials have been described in brain and intestine, it is possible that morphine in food may be the source of this material and a normal ligand specific for mu receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hazum, E -- Sabatka, J J -- Chang, K J -- Brent, D A -- Findlay, J W -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1010-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Milk/*analysis ; Milk, Human/analysis ; Morphine/*analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: A new picosecond resonance Raman technique shows that resonance Raman lines characteristic of a distorted all-trans retinal appear within 30 picoseconds after photolysis of rhodopsin or isorhodopsin. This finding suggests that isomerization is nearly complete within picoseconds of the absorption of a photon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayward, G -- Carlsen, W -- Siegman, A -- Stryer, L -- EY-02387/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Light ; Retinal Pigments/*radiation effects ; *Retinaldehyde/radiation effects ; Rhodopsin/*radiation effects ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; *Vision, Ocular ; *Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Long-term oral administration of the long-acting opiate 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) to female rats beginning on the day of conception interfered with the dams' ability to carry litters to term. When treatment was initiated 3 weeks prior to mating this effect was not observed. Daily administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone from day 14 of gestation through term, to precipitate withdrawal in utero, resulted in increased stillbirths, decreased pup weight and size, and weight loss 24 hours after birth. These data question the validity of animal experiments which purport to be models for methadone maintenance programs but in which treatment is started immediately prior to or soon after conception. They also suggest that withdrawal in utero may be responsible for many of the adverse effects of opiates on human and animal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtblau, L -- Sparber, S B -- DA 01880/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Death/*etiology ; Humans ; Litter Size/drug effects ; Methadone/*analogs & derivatives ; Methadyl Acetate/*adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*complications ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*complications
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, P -- EY 02593/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):928-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/*growth & development ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/embryology/growth & development ; Macaca mulatta ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pregnancy ; Retina/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/embryology/growth & development ; *Visual Perception
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Receptors for the activated third component of complement and for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G are not expressed by apparently normal bovine pulmonary endothelial cells, but are expressed when the cells are exposed to white cell lysates or are infected with influenza or cytomegalovirus. The unmasking of these latent receptors may contribute to the pulmonary inflammatory response characteristic of, for example, anaphylaxis and to those lung diseases characterized by the deposition of immune complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, U S -- Schultz, D R -- Ruan, J W -- HL 21568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 22087/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Complement C3b/metabolism ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology ; Endothelium/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology ; Pulmonary Artery/*cytology ; Receptors, Complement/*metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/*metabolism
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):648-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Federal Government ; Female ; Legislation as Topic ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States ; Value of Life
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Female rats are masculinized in utero by male littermates sharing the same uterine horn. Increased anogenital distances in neonatal females and mounting behavior in adult females are related to the presence of males on the caudal side of the females in the uterine horn. Contrary to current beliefs, interamniotic diffusion may not be responsible for the exchange of masculinizing agents among fetuses. Since uterine blood flow in the rat is from the direction of the cervix toward the ovary, masculinizing hormones secreted by fetal males may be carried via the uterine vasculature to female littermates located further downstream.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meisel, R L -- Ward, I L -- HD-04688/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K2-MH00049/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*physiology ; Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Male ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Uterus/physiology
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paigen, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):6, 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dicyclomine ; Doxylamine/*adverse effects ; Drug Combinations/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; New York ; Pregnancy ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Pyridoxine/*adverse effects ; *Teratogens ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*adverse effects
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: A monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1) has been produced that reacts against myelin basic protein present in or extracted from the brains of many mammals-with certain important exceptions. Because of known species differences in amino acid sequences of basic protein and of certain peptide fragments, the binding site for this particular antibody appeared likely to include residues 130 to 137. Confirmation of this hypothesis was obtained by amino acid composition of the major immunoreactive peptides produced by thermolysin digestion of human basic protein and isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sires, L R -- Hruby, S -- Alvord, E C Jr -- Hellstrom, I -- Hellstrom, K E -- Kies, M W -- Martemspm, R -- Deibler, G E -- Beckman, E D -- Casnellie, J E -- CA-19148/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-25558/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-26584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):87-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cattle ; Chickens ; Epitopes ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Macaca ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1485.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiemetics/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dicyclomine ; Doxylamine/*therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*drug therapy ; Pyridines/*therapeutic use ; Pyridoxine/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Striking histological changes appeared in the developing brain (neuroectoderm) within 24 hours of exposure. Decreased development of the neural plate and its derivatives apparently accounts for the craniofacial malformations. The critical exposure period is equivalent to the third week in human pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sulik, K K -- Johnston, M C -- Webb, M A -- DE 02668/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DE 05906/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- RR 05333/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):936-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Mammalian/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Eye Abnormalities ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pregnancy
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: Normal pregnancies have been established in four women with tubal infertility by fertilization in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer after stimulation of follicular growth with clomiphene citrate. In three of these women the time of oocyte maturation was controlled by human chorionic gonadotropin. This procedure for the control of ovulatory response has many advantages when compared with the previously successful method of using the natural ovulatory cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trounson, A O -- Leeton, J F -- Wood, C -- Webb, J -- Wood, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):681-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chorionic Gonadotropin/*pharmacology ; Clomiphene/*pharmacology ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/therapy ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):494, 496.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beginning of Human Life ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Fetus ; Humans ; *Life ; Male ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; Value of Life
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):154-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Beginning of Human Life ; Ethics ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Humans ; *Life ; Male ; Ovum/physiology ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa/physiology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: The eye can be visualized ultrasonically in more than 90 percent of fetuses 16 through 42 weeks of gestational age. Slow eye movements are present by 16 weeks. Rapid eye movements begin at 23 weeks and become more frequent between 24 and 35 weeks. Eye inactivity becomes more common after 36 weeks and is associated with sustained diaphragmatic excursions implying a "quiet sleep" state. Pathologic eye movements were seen in four fetuses with dysmorphic brain structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnholz, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/embryology ; Eye/*embryology ; *Eye Movements ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sleep/physiology ; Ultrasonics
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Folate binding proteins in milk were tested for their effect on folate absorption. The uptake of bound folate by isolated mucosal cells from the rat small intestine was twice that of free folate and differed from it in being more effective with progression down the small intestine, in not being affected by glucose or Dilantin, in having a higher pH optimum, and in being affected by calcium concentration. This milk factor may enhance folate absorption in infants, whose risk of folate deficiency is high.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colman, N -- Hettiarachchy, N -- Herbert, V -- AM 20526/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6781067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Female ; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored ; Folic Acid/*metabolism ; Folic Acid Deficiency/etiology ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Goats ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology ; *Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Milk Proteins/*metabolism ; Milk, Human ; Phenytoin/pharmacology ; Rats ; *Receptors, Cell Surface
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: An inflammatory toxin was extracted from Mycoplasma bovis with 75 percent aqueous ethanol. The toxin is a complex polysaccharide composed of glucose, glucosamine or galactosamine, and a heptose, is heat-stable, devoid of protein and lipid, and has a molecular weight of 73,000. The holotoxin in the cell membrane is a glycoprotein; however, it is the polysaccharide portion that is toxic. This inflammatory toxin increases vascular permeability and is capable of activating complement. Infusion of 0.9 milligram of toxin into the bovine udder resulted in the characteristic eosinophilic mastitis produced by Mycoplasma bovine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geary, S J -- Tourtellotte, M E -- Cameron, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1032-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Biological Assay ; Cattle ; Inflammation/chemically induced ; Kidney/drug effects ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mycoplasma/*analysis
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: Genetic material has been successfully transferred into the genomes of newborn mice by injection of that material into pronuclei of fertilized eggs. Initial results indicated two patterns of processing the injected DNA: one in which the material was not integrated into the host genome, and another in which the injected genes became associated with high molecular weight DNA. These patterns are maintained through further development to adulthood. The evidence presented indicates the covalent association of injected DNA with host sequences, and transmission of such linked sequences in a Mendelian distribution to two succeeding generations of progeny.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, J W -- Ruddle, F H -- GMO7959-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GMO9966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Herpesviridae/enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovum/*physiology ; *Plasmids ; Pregnancy ; Sex Ratio ; Simian virus 40/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):642-3, 645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Spontaneous/chemically induced ; *Ethanol ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*chemically induced
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: The fidelity of copying natural DNA in vitro with each of the three classes of eukaryotic DNA polymerases has been determined. DNA polymerases-beta and -gamma are highly inaccurate, catalyzing noncomplementary single-base substitution at a frequency between 1/3000 and 1/8000. DNA polymerase-alpha is substantially more accurate, with an error rate of 1/30,000. When the error rates of these DNA polymerases are considered in the context of the accuracy of DNA replicative processes in vivo, it seems likely that other factors must exist in mammalian cells which are involved in the accurate replication and maintenance of the genetic information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kunkel, T A -- Loeb, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):765-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6454965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteriophage phi X 174/genetics ; Cattle ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; DNA/biosynthesis ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Rats ; Substrate Specificity ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are associated with colonization of the chorionic surface of the placenta by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis or both. These organisms are more strongly associated with unfavourable gestational outcome than group B streptococci. Chlamydia trachomatis does not appear to be important in the etiology of reproductive casualties. The mechanisms linking the mycoplasmas to perinatal disorders and death are not clear but merit investigation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kundsin, R B -- Driscoll, S G -- Pelletier, P A -- HD 10984/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):474-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Critical Care ; Female ; *Fetal Death ; Humans ; *Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*microbiology ; Mycoplasma/*pathogenicity ; Mycoplasma Infections/*complications ; Placenta/microbiology ; Pregnancy ; Ureaplasma/*pathogenicity
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Choline stimulated secretion of catecholamines from primary dissociated cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by interacting with nicotinic receptors. Secretion was readily detected at a choline concentration of 1 millimole per liter and was maximal at 3 to 10 millimoles per liter; it was completely calcium-dependent. Further analysis suggested that choline acts as a partial nicotinic agonist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holz, R W -- Senter, R A -- 1 ROAM-27959-01/OA/SAMHSA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):466-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Adrenal Medulla/*physiology ; Animals ; Catecholamines/*secretion ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Chromaffin System/*physiology ; Exocytosis/drug effects ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*drug effects
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: In ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone, implantation was induced by a minute dose of 17 beta-estradiol. Twenty-four hours later, the concentrations of estradiol receptor in nuclear and cytosol fractions prepared from the endometrium surrounding the blastocyst and the inter-implantation areas remained very low. This indicates that estrogen was not secreted by the blastocyst. The higher receptor content in cytosol from inter-implantation sites may reflect modifications accompanying the decidual reaction since our results show that there is no translocation of the receptor to the nuclei. The choice of the dye used to reveal the implantation sites is critical, since Trypan blue but not Evans blue binds steroids and thereby interferes with receptor measurements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martel, D -- Psychoyos, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1454-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/secretion ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/analysis ; Cytoplasm/analysis ; *Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium/*analysis ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogens/secretion ; Evans Blue/metabolism ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis ; Trypan Blue/metabolism
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1374-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cornea/blood supply/drug effects ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/analysis/blood supply/*drug therapy ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*blood supply/*drug therapy ; Proteins/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Retina/analysis
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: About 17,000 bovine pregnancies were produced by superovulation and embryo transfer in North America in 1979. The major use of these techniques is to increase the reproductive rate of valuable cows. Other applications include circumventing infertility, exporting embryos, and testing potential carriers for Mendelian recessive alleles. Cryopreservation of embryos is beginning to be used commercially, and sexing embryos before transfer may soon become routine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidel, G E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):351-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Cattle/*physiology ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Industry ; *Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Reproduction ; Time Factors
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1372-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the 1413-base-pair repeat unit of bovine 1.711a satellite DNA (density in cesium chloride, 1.711 grams per cubic centimeter) has been determined. The repeat unit contains two segments consisting of variants of a basic 23-base-pair sequence that is closely related to sequences of bovine 1.706 satellite DNA. A third segment of the repeat unit contains an unrelated 611-base-pair sequence that is not internally repetitive. This segment is flanked by inverted repeats of 8 base pairs and, on one side, by a direct repeat of the terminal sequence. A related segment is present in bovine 1.711b satellite DNA and is inserted into sequences derived from the 1.715 satellite. These nucleotide sequences suggest the timing of some of the stages in the evolution of these complex, closely related satellite DNA's and indicate the mechanisms inherent in their divergence from a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streeck, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; DNA Replication ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Satellite/*genetics ; Thymus Gland
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: By use of cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a specific calcium ion binding site has been identified in the bovine two-zinc insulin hexamer. This site is composed of six glutamyl carboxylate groups clustered in the center of the hexamer, and is distinct from the normal zinc ion binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudmeier, J L -- Bell, S J -- Storm, M C -- Dunn, M F -- 5S05RR 07010-09/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cadmium ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cattle ; *Insulin/metabolism ; Isotopes ; Ligands ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Protein Conformation ; Zinc/*metabolism
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